Done by: Kareema Al-Siyabi

Siham Al-omairi

Done for: Dr. Maryam

Ubiquitous computing

What is ubicomp?

Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is a post-desktop model of human-computer interaction in which information processing has been thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities.

The idea that almost any device, from clothing to tools to appliances to cars to homes to the human body to your coffee mug, can be imbedded with chips to connect the device to an infinite network of other devices.

Refers to the use of computers in everyday life, also called pervasive computing

Goal of is ubicomp : to create an environment where the connectivity of devices is embedded in such a way that the connectivity is unobtrusive and always available.

ubicomp’s devices characteristics: very tiny - even invisible -small, inexpensive, robust networked processing devices either mobile or embedded in almost any type of object such as cars, tools, appliances, clothing and various consumer goods - all communicating through increasingly interconnected networks.

Examples ubicomp’s devices :digital audio players, radio-frequency identification tags, PDAs, smartphones GPS, and interactive whiteboards

What is ubicomp?

Examples of ubicomp

a domestic ubiquitous computing environment might interconnect lighting and environmental controls with personal biometric monitors woven into clothing so that illumination and heating conditions in a room might be modulated, continuously and imperceptibly

posits refrigerators "aware" of their suitably-tagged contents, able to both plan a variety of menus from the food actually on hand, and warn users of stale or spoiled food.

1. The first era of computing is known as the Mainframe era – many people to one computer. This computer was the central system from which entire offices, and sometimes, companies called their computing infrastructure.

2. The second era of computing is known as the PC era – one computer to one person.

3. The third era of computing is known as the Ubiquitous computing - one person using many computers.

The Three Generation of Computing

The Three Generation of Computing

• Figure below show the three generation of computing.

Ubiquitous computing verse virtual reality

Ubiquitous computingVirtual reality

forces the computer to live out here in the world with people

puts people inside a computer-generated three dimensional world

very difficult integration of human factors, computer science, engineering, and social sciences .

primarily a horse power problem

Ubiquitous computing verse virtual reality

Mark Weiser is the father of ubiquitous computing. He coined the phrase "ubiquitous computing" around 1988 He wrote some of the earliest papers on the subject,

largely defining it and sketching out its major concerns

He was influenced by many fields outside computer science, including "philosophy, phenomenology, anthropology, psychology, post-Modernism, sociology of science and feminist criticism.

He was articulated the current mode of computing in 1988 at the Computer Science Lab at Xerox PARC.

He developed the initial initiatives of ubiquitous computing in the form of tabs, pads, and boards, built at Xerox PARC, 1988-1994.

History of ubicomp

Castells view In his book “The Rise of the Network Society”, he

suggests that there is an ongoing shift from already-decentralised, stand-alone microcomputers and mainframes towards entirely pervasive computing.

In his model of a pervasive computing system, Castells uses the example of the Internet as the start of a pervasive computing system. The logical progression from that paradigm is a system where that networking logic becomes applicable in every realm of daily activity, in every location and every context.

Castells envisages a system where billions of miniature, ubiquitous inter-communication devices will be spread worldwide, "like pigment in the wall paint".

History of ubicomp

1.The “Accidentally” Smart Environment:If you walk into an environment anywhere in the world,

you would probably not find an infrastructure suitable for ubiquitous computing devices.

2.Impromptu Interoperability: That means many technology-producing companies

desire to produce their own proprietary products speaking their own proprietary language. This leads to “noninteroperability” between devices from different companies.

Challenges of ubicomp

3.No Systems Administrator: Depend on the challenge two there is lack of a systems

administrator. 4.Social Implications of aware

technologies Ubiquitous computing will have a social impact on our

society just as the previous two eras of computing did. For exu067uample: How will an individual know if they are within a “smart” environment where embedded devices are gathering data? Is it ethical to gather information from individuals without their knowledge?

Challenges of ubicomp

Project of upicomp (SS)

• The Smart Space (SS) Lab was established as one example of the ubiquitous computing environment. This laboratory is currently involved in the following areas of research in order to simplify the creation of this type of environment in convenient locations.

1. Ubiquitous Open Platform :A service platform is a tool to provide ubiquitous computing services such as sensing, actuation and networking by installing this platform in private spaces such as the home and the office, as well as public spaces

2. Ubiquitous Base Software: these software that serves as the base environment for the dynamic connection of the above platforms, is able to receive input from users for services provided in this environment, and feed back output that is generated by these services

3. Ubiquitous Applications: Application software is being developed as a service technology in the smart environment that uses service platforms and mobile platforms

A sample of the services under development is shown in the diagram :1. Ubiquitous Map Service 2. Ubiquitous Mobile Service

3. Ubiquitous Viewer Service

4. Ubiquitous Home Service

Project of upicomp (SS)

Ubiquitous Mobile Service

Project of upicomp (SS)

Ubiquitous Map Service

Ubiquitous Home ServiceUbiquitous Viewer Service