union daily_7-12-2014 newpapers.pdf

8/10/2019 Union Daily_7-12-2014 Newpapers.pdf

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2 twGJ 2? trSwf 241 (7-12-2014) we*FaEG ?TOP NEWS

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OPINION

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cef ;pm &,l zd k Y vnf ; vd ktyf rnf xifygonf/ od k U twGufjref rmhya'o&mZf acwfES ih f ud k vd keD acwf [l aom acwfES pf acwf zG J Upnf ;tkyf csKyfyH krsm;ukd wl;qG Munh frdygonf/

ya'o&mZfacwf zG J Upnf ;tk yf csKyf yH kjref rmEd k if iH onf c&pf ouú&mZf ray:rDuyif

oufES ih f tEG ,f wl rsm;u waumif ;jynfud k vnf ; aumif ;? rG ef? yavmif? ]0} vl rsd K;wd k Uu ok 0PÖ bl rd (oxHk)jynfukd vnf ;aumif ;? ysLvl rsd K;pk wdkUu oa&ac wå&mjy nfukdvnf;aum if;? Ad óEd k;Nrd KUukd vnf ;aumif ;? Nrd KUjyEd kif iH rsm;tjzpf wnf axmif aexd kif vmcJ h Muonf/ AD 1044 taemf&xmvuf xuf wG if wpkw½H k ;wnf ;aomEd k if iH awmfjzpf wnf vmcJ h onf/ xd kUaemuf rS yk*H

rif ;quf? awmif il rif ;qufrsm;u {u&mZfEd k if iH awmf rsm;(Monarchial States ) wnf axmif

cJ h Muonf/ xd k{u&mZfEd kif iH rsm;Nyd KuG J rS ukef ; abmif {u&mZfEd kif iH rsm; wnf axmif cJ hjcif ;jzpf onf [k avh vmod&S d&onf/

ya'o&mZf acwf wG if bk&ifu tcsKyf tjcm tmPmyd k if pd k;oljzpf onf/ xd k acwfEd kif iH awmf zG J U pnf ;yH k rS m aejynf awmf (A[kd tpd k;&)ES ih f aejynf

awmfjyify Nrd KUe,f a'orsm;[l íjzpf onf/ bk&ih f aejynf awmf wG if vT wf awmf? jAJ wd kuf? ta&S U½H k;? taemuf ½Hk;? w&m;½Hk;[lí vT wf½Hk;ig;&yf &Sd onf/ jAJ wd kuf onf bk&if \ twG if ;0ef ½H k ;[k qd kEd kif onf/ anmif&rf ;acwf omvG ef rif;w&m;

vuf xufwG if vT wf awmf atmuf ü &mxl ;cef U xm;a&;? Oya'jyKa&;? umuG ,f a&;? w&m;a&; ponf h Xmeud k ;ckjzif h zG J Uvd kuf onf/ bBuD ;awmf vuf xufwG if Ed kifiHjcm;a&;Xmeukdyg wd k;csJ U zG J Upnf ;onf [k rS wf om;&onf/

tkyf csKyf a&;wGif a'oqd kif&mtkyf csKyf a&; tjzpf bk&if cH rsm;? Nrd KUpm;Nrd KU0ef rsm;? Nrd KUol BuD ;? Nrd KUtkyf? ol BuD ;? q,f td rf acgif ;? tud k if? tpD&if [l í&S d cJ h onf/wd k if ;oljynf om;rsm;u]&mZowf} [k ac:aom bk&if \rS mpm?Mum;pm?rd ef Upmrsm;ukd emcH Mu&onf/ bk&ifES ih f w&m;ol BuD ;rsm;? cH k awmfynm&S d rsm;\pD&if qH k;jzwf csufukd ]jzwf xH k ;}[k

ac:NyD ; Oya'usrf ;ukd ]"r® owf}[kac:onf/ (19)&mpkurÇmBuD ;u zG J Upnf ;yH k tajccH Oya'

acwfjzpf vmonfukd avh vmod&S d cJ h aom a,m rif ;BuD ;OD ;bd k;vd I ifu Ed kif iH awmfukd pnf ;rsOf ;cH bk&if pepf (Constitutional Monarchy ) tjzpf od kUul ;ajymif ;&ef 4if ;\ ]&mZ"r® o*F [}usrf ; wG if azmfjycJ h aomf vnf ; vufawGUtaumif txnf azmf&ef tajctaeray;cJ h aMumif ; avh vm awG U&S d&ygonf/

ud kvd keD acwf zG J Upnf;tkyf csKyf yH k t*F vdyf e,f csJ Uwd k Yu(1824) yxrusL;ausmf

ppf? (1842)'kwd ,usL;ausmf ppf rsm; qifET J NyD ;

acwfESpfacwfu jrefrmhzG J Upnf;tkyfcsKyfyH k

twk d if ;}? ]pnf ;urf ;twkd if ;}? }zG J Upnf ;yk H twkdi f;}? ]ykHa oenf;t wkdif; }[k t"dyÜ m,f xGuf/ jref rmhEkd if iH a&; a&;ol wpf OD ;uawmh tES pf om&xuf toG if oP² mefud k OD ;pm;ay;wJ h pOf ;pm;enf ;ES ih f vkyf enf ;vkyf [ef [k zG if h qk donf/

zl ZD avm*spf =Fuzzy logic = rao csma,mif 0g;0g;,kwåd aA'? yxr1964 tar&duef u,f vD zkd ;eD ;,m;wuú od kvfuG efysLwmygarmu© Zm'g;(Zadeh) ½k&S m;Ekd if iH ayguf tar&duefEkd if iH om;u

wD xG if/ 'kwd , 1990 *syef ygarmu© rd csd tkd pk *DEd k(Michio Sugeno) u vuf awG UtoH k;cswD xG if? ay:pu b,f ol rS vuf rcH wJ h oD 0&D...? trS ef Vs trS m;?ES pf rsKd ;- rrS ef vQif rS m;[k om vuf cH xm;

aomurÇmBuD ;rS m trS efES if h trS m;Mum;u t&m od k Y r[k wf trS efES if h trS m;Nyd Kif wl

od k Y r[k wf rS ef vnf ;rrS ef rS m;vnf ;rrS m;? t&m &mwk dif; onf olYtqif hESi fhol tjynf h t0r[k wf onf h wk d if &yf wnfEkd if onf... qkd aom ,k wåd aA'opf...? ,if;avm*sp f rS puf ½kyf rsm;? avat; puf? t0wf avQmf puf? vrf ;tcsufjyrD ;? todÓPfwkr sm;? uGefysLwmynm rsm;pG m ckefysH wkd ;wuf oG m;cJ h/

zl ZD avm*spf t&- trS efu (1) qk dyg awmh? trS m;u okn(0)/ 1ES if h okn

Mum;rS m ƒ^„^…^† ...rsm; &S d aeao; onf/

(1)jzpfEk d if pG rf ;twk d if ;owf rS wfjcif ;?

(2) vl trsm;vuf cHEkd if aom &mckd ifEI ef ; twkd if ;owf rS wfjcif ;? (3)&S d&rnh f t&nf tcsif ;twk d if ;owf rS wfjcif ;? (4)EI d if ;,S Of

a&;&mEk d if iH a&;&mwk d Y )... xk d ok d Yjzpf vmaeygonf/

]tarmazmuf aeoavm azmf r,f vpf Zif}

jref rmhEkd if iHa&;onf tenf ;qkH ;ES pf aygif ; 60 ausmf? ajymrnf qk dvQif [d k ;ESpfaygif; 900 ausm fuwnf;u

tajzmif h twk d if ; wpf orwf pD ;qif ;cJ h wm r[k wf bJ 0Juawmh rsm;? acsmufurf ;yg; rsm;? vQd Kajrmif rsm;? wG if ;euf BuD ;rsm;ud kjzwf oef ;vmcJ h? jzwf oef;qJjzpf&m

Auy? tvH eD? jynf ol Y&J abmf? zqyv?yrnw? u&if? rG ef? &S rf ;? ucsif?u,m;vufeufukdif rsm; rsm;rsm;rsm;

('D aeY eH eufyJ yef ;qkd ;wef ;vrf ;ray: 60 ausmf&G ,f wl wpf a,mufu zuf '&,f wyf rawmf zG J Uvk dufNyD As...[k aumvm [vowif;ay ;oGm;ao;) oefY&Sif;?

awmf ao;wmaygh cif Asm.../ES pfyG if h? oH k ;yG if h? av;yG ih f? ajcmufyG if h?

14 yG if h? 67yG ifh..tyG ih f awGud k y,fy,f ^ a&G ;a&G ; rqkH ;ao; rqkH ;Ek d if Zmwf

CARTOON

zlZDavm*spfESif hawG Uqk Hjcif;

BuD ;ujy&if ; rd k;omvif;a&m bmrSjzpf rvmrS m? 'k H&if ;jyef oG m;rS mvnf ; pkd ;&yg onf aumcif Asm.../

xkd Y aMumif h ar;cG ef;ay:vm\/ ,aeY jrefr mhvlY tzGJU tpnf; wGif

azmf r,f vpf Zif tarmazmuf aeNyD avm.../ ÓPf rD orQav; a&;cG if h jyKygyg0gtD vpf rsm;ES if h Zmwf pif aemuf

wG if n§ d zkd Y vkdygrnf/ azmf r,f vpf Zif

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Ek difiHa&;yg0gtDvpfuawmU tjcm;Ek difiHa&;vIyf&S m;aqmif&Gufolrsm;xuf acgif;wpfvk H;jrif Uoljzpf&ygrnf/av;yGif Uqk dif(ok d h )ajcmufyGif Uqk difqk dvQif&ygNyD[k uRefawmfxifrdygonf/ 0k dif;BuD;ywfywf

'la0a0 *smat;ol htar½k duf a0avav rvk dbl;xifygonf/

, ,

csuf t&owfrS wfjcif ;/ rnf onf h enf ;rS tjynf h t0auseyf

zG ,f r&S dyg/,ck tcg trS ef w&m;(avmuD

&Guf ol rsm;xuf acgif ;wpf vk H ;jrif h ol...jzpf&ygrnf/ av;yG ih f qk d if (ok d Y )ajcmufyG if h

qkd if qk d vQif&ygNyD [k uRef awmf xif rdyg onf/ 0k d if ;BuD ;ywfywf 'l a0a0 *smat; ol Y tar½k duf a0avav rvkd bl ; xifyg onf/

4if ;yg0gtD vpf rsm;ES if h wk d if ;&if ;om; rsm; oD ;jcm;oD ;jcm;oD ;jcm;awG Uqk H n§ dEI d if ; oG m;vQif (w&m;0if azmf xkwfyG if h vif ;jrif omawGbmawG rvkyf ao;bJ ) tqif

rsm;ajyoG m;rvm; uRef awmf pOf ;pm;rdyg onf/ I Think, Therefore I am-uRef awmf wk d Y&S d aezkd Y uRef awmf pOf ;pm;rdjcif ;/ o[ZmwrlES if h tjyef tvS ef tavQmh ay; aph pyf aqG ;aEG ;a&;rlES if h? wpf qih f NyD ;wpf qif hoG m;Mu&atmif/ oabmxm;aysmh aysmif ;ol rsm;(Moderates)?jyKjyif ajymif ; vJ a&;orm;rsm;(Reformers) Mum; Ek d if iH a&;y#d nmOf(Polictical Pact) wpf&yf&,lEkd ifa&; OD;wnf oG m;vdrf hrnf.../uRef

awmf ,kH Munf arQmf vifh aerdygonf/ azmf r,f vpf Zif Zmwf pif aemuf rS m

zl ZD avm*spfES ifh awG Uqk H zkd Y vkdygrnf/ 0ef cH-(uRef awmf \oD ;jcm;tmabmf

rQomjzpf ygonf/) pmñT ef ;-'D Zif bm 2 &uf 7 Day

owif ;pm- acwf &eH Y 'D Zif bm 2014

■■■■■

Zmwf pif/ vkyfykd if cG if h? acgif ;wpf vk H ;jrif h ol rsm;...tpd k;&?wyf rawmfES if h vT wf awmf rsm;jzpfygrnf/ Ek d if iH a&;yg0gtD vpfuawmh tjcm;Ekd if iH a&;vIyf&S m;aqmif

OD ;rS m taxG axG rJ qE ́e,f rS a&G ;cs,f ol 58 OD ; om&d S NyD ; usef ol rsm;rS m tdE´ d ,vl rsKd ;xJ rS &S pf OD ;? t*F vdyfujym;wpf OD ;? NAd wd oQvl rsKd ; wpfOD ;?u&if trsKd ;om;ig;OD ;?tpd k ;&cef U20OD ; ponfjzif h

tcsKd ;usyg0if aponfud k avh vmawG U&d S&onf/ 1935 wG if jref rmEk d if iH tm; tdE´ d ,rS cG J xkwf

NyD ; 1935 jref rmEd kif iH awmf pD&if tkyf csKyfrI tuf Oya' (The Government of Burma Act,

1935)ud kjy|mef ;vsuf (1-4-1937)rS pí tkyf csKyfa&;topf pcJ h onf rS m 1942 ckES pf txdjzpf onf/ xd kOya't& txuf vT wf awmf trwf 36OD ;? atmuf vT wf awmf trwf 132OD ; a&G ;cs,f

cG Jjcm;aoG ;cG J tkyf csKyf cJ h aMumif ; awG U&d S&ygonf/ *syef acwf zG J Upnf ;tkyf csKyf yH k

1942wG if *syefu jref rmEd k if iH tm; t*F vdyf wd kY xH rS wd kufcd kuf od rf ;yd kuf NyD ; (1-8-1943) wG if jrefrmEd kif iH vG wfvyfNyD[k aMunmonf/ xdkumvEdkifi H awmf tBuD ;tuJrS m Ekd ifiHawmf t"dywdES if h ppf aoemywdjzpf onf/ Ekd if iH awmf t"dywd tm;ul nD&ef 18 OD ;yg twkd ifyif cH vT wf awmfud k vnf ; zG J Upnf ;xm;onf/ 0ef BuD ;csKyfES if h 0ef BuD ;Xmersm;ud kvnf ; zGJ Upnf ;NyD ; 4if ;wd kY tm; tMuH ay;&ef *syef twkd ifyif cH t&m&d S csKyfESif h t&m&d S rsm;ud k zG J Upnf ;wm0ef ay;xm;onf/ xd k acwf wG if w&m;½H k ;csKyf oD ;jcm;rxm;bJ t*F vdyfud kvd keD acwf twkd if ; tkyf csKyf cJh aMumif;awG U&

onf/ Ekd if iH awmft"dywd rS m ½ kyfjyomjzpf NyD ; r@d Kif oH k;&yf tmPmrS m trS wf (15) *syefppf aoemywd \ vuf 0,f om&d S aMumif ; awG U&dS& ayonf/

t*F vd yf wd kY jyef vnf tk yf csKyf onf h umv 1944wG if r[mrd wf wyf rsm;u jref rmEd kif iH

tm; jyef vnf wd kuf cd kuf od rf ;yd kuf NyD ; NAd wd oQppf tkyf csKyf a&; (British Military Administration)

jzif h (15-10-1945)xd tkyf csKyf cJ h onf/ ta&S U awmif tm&S r[mrd wf vufeufud kif wyf zGJ Ursm; \Ad kvf csKyf (Supreme Allied Commander,

SEA )u wm0ef cH tkyf csKyf onf/ ¤if ;\vuf atmuf wG if pm 22 od kY ❍❍❍❍❍

ay;onf/'k wd ,bk&if cH ae&mwG if bk&if cH rif ;BuD ;u tkyfcsKyfonf/ 'd kiftmcDt kyf csKyfa& ;t&

Oya'jyKaumif pD 0if 103OD ;&d S vmonf/ 4if ;103

zG J Upnf ;xm;onf/ od k Y aomf e,fjcm;a'otkyf csKyf a&;ud k bk&ifcH wd kuf ½dkuf tkyf csKyf aoma'oES if h bk&if cHu txl ;wm0ef&d S aoma'o[l í ES pf rsKd ;

■ armifcd kifrm(txufrif;vS )

wnfjrJuG JuG JuG J...67 yG if h qkd if awG UqkHyG J qkdygvm;cif As.../ywfvn f ppfyG J...ywfvnf&efyG Jrsm;vm;cifAsm.../

aMumuf p&m?pd k;&d rf p&maumif ;ygonf/ rnfokd Yyifjzpf ap awG UqkH aqG;aEG ;

n§dEId if;taj z&Smen f;udkomo kH;rnf[ kEkd if iH awmf or® w? vT wf awmfem,u?

twkduf tcH acgif ;aqmifES if h wyf rawmf acgif ;aqmif wkd Yu tmrcH ay;xm;vkd Y

azmf r,f vpf Zif = Formalism

tbd "meftvd kt& ]xkH ;pH

azmfr,fvpfZif ZmwfpifaemufrS m

pd k;jrif Uodef;

toG iful ;ajymif ;a&;vkyf ief ;pOf rsm; onf twd kif ;twmwpf cktxd

jrefrmU

(19)&mpk urÇmBuD ;u zG J Upnf ;yH k tajccH Oya' acwf jzpf vmonf uk d avh vmod &S d cJ h aom a,m rif ;BuD ;OD ;bd k;vd I if u Ed k if iH awmf uk d pnf ;rsOf ;cH bk &if pepf (Constitutional Monarchy ) tjzpf od k Y ul ;ajymif ;&ef 4if ;\ ]&mZ"r® o*F [} usrf ;wGif azmf jycJhaomf vnf ;...

jrefrmU ordkif;aMumif;uawmif;qd kaomacgif;aqmifaumif;rsm;ESifUpkaygif;wm0ef ,lrIurÇmay:wG ifyif v,f r&S d? jrpf r&S d aomEd kif iH rsm;&S d onf/ urÇmay:wG if opf

wmr&S d? awmif wef ;r&S d aom Ek d if iH rsm;vnf ;&S d onf/ oif h wif h rQwaom&moD Owkonf h Ekd if iH rsm;um;&SmrS &S m;yifjzpf onf/ ,if ;od kY r&S d r&Sm;Ekd if iH rsm;Mum;üumif ;jcif ;tjzmjzmES if hjynf h pH kaeaom jref rmEd kif iH twGuf t"duvdk tyf csuf rS mnf;vH k ;nD ñG wf rIud k r@d KifjyKonf h acgif ;aqmif rIyifjzpf onf/ a&T a&mif wd kif ;jynfolden Land )[k rmud kyd k vd k\ c&D ;oG m;rS wf wrf ;t& urÇmuod cJ h aomyk *H acwf rSnf ,aeY xd wd k if wpf wd k if ;jynf vH k ;pnf ;vH k ;nD ñG wf cJ h onf humvrS mwd k awmif ;vS NyD ;pOf huvsm;z½d k z&J Nyd KuG J cJ h onfu umv&S nf vsm;cJ h onf/ yxrjref rmEkd if iH awmfud knf axmif cJ h onf h taemf&xm? 'kwd ,jref rmEkd if iHud kwnf axmif cJ h onf h bk&if h

mif? wwd ,jref rmEk d if iH awmfud k wnf axmif cJ h onf h tavmif ;bk&m;ES if h Ad k vf csKyfmif qef ;uJ hod kY vuf ½H k;&nf ESvH k;&nf pG rf ;yum;jrif h rm;xufjruf aom acgif ;

qmif rsm;vuf xuf ü ta&S Uawmif tm&S a'owG if jref rmwd k Y bkef ; rd k ;od kY csKef ;Ekd ifonf/ jref rmwd k Y pnf ;vH k ;rd NyD qd k vQif rnf ol rQvd kuf rrD awmh [kyif qd k prS wf wG ifonf/ od kY&mwG if ,if ;od kYjynf vH k;uRwf pnf ;vH k;nD ñG wf cJ h csd ef rS m tvG efyif enf ;yg;

onf/ taemf&xmeef ;ouf (at'D 1044-1077) 33 ES pf? bk&if h aemif eef ;ouft'D 1550-1581) 31ES pf? tavmif ;bk&m;eef ;ouf (at'D 1752-1760)pfES if h Ad kvf csKyf atmif qef ; 2ES pf (1945-1947) pkpk aygif ; 74ES pf om jref rmwd k Y

nf;pnf ;vH k;vH k;&S dcJ h Muavonf/jref rmwd k Y onf acgif ;aqmif omaumif ;ygu ol rwl aomaemuf vd kuf aumif ;

jzpf cJ h aMumif ;ud k wwd ,t*F vdyf-jref rmppfyG J tNyD ; e,f csJ Uqef Yusif a&;a'oEÅ&ufyG J rsm;u azmf jyaeonf/ *syef acwf ü olomqE´&S dygu &S if bk&if vkyf íif onf [k Ad kvf csKyf atmifqef ;ukd ,fwkd if ajymMum;cJ hzl;onf/ ,if ;onfawmuf xl ;cRef ajymif ajrmuf onf h acgif ;aqmif aumif ;ud k jref rmwd kif ;&if ;om;wd k Y

nfrQvd kvm;awmifh wonfud k azmfjyaeonf h Oyrmom"uwpf ckyifjzpf onf/rdkif ;tqufquf üvnf ; jref rmwd kY ud k,f h xD ;ud k,fh eef ;ud k,f h MuiS mef;jzif h ta&S Uwmif tm&S ü bkef ;vuf ½H k;qef Y wef ;Ek d if cJ h onf rS m acgif ;aqmif aumif ;ES if h aemufuf aumif ;wd kY a&S UoG m;aemuf vd kuf nD ñGwf rQwaom umvüjzpf onf/Ekd if iH a&;odyÜ Hynm&S if pma&;q&mBuD ;wpf OD ;u 4if ;\yx0DEkd if iH a&;pmtkyf

if ]Ekd if iH BuD ;rsm;teD ; aexk d if&onf h Ek d if iH i,fuav;rsm;twGuf ta&;tBuD ;qk H ;rsKd;om;tusKd ;pD ;yG m;rS m tcsif ;csif ;a&yuf r0if onf h pnf ;vk H ;nD ñG wf a&;&atmifnf aqmuf a&;jzpf avonf/ jref rmEkd if iH vl OD ;a&tajctaeES if h yx0DEkd if iH a&;ud kvvmvQif tvG ef&if av;zG ,f tcsufud kawG U&onf/ ajrmufbuf ü vl OD ;a&e;aygif ; 1000 ausmf&S d onf h w½kwfEkd if iH&S dNyD; taemuf buf ü vl OD ;a&oef ;0 &Sd onf h tdE´ d ,Ekd if iH&S d ayonf/ taemuf ajrmuf rS b*F vm;a'h&S f onf vnf ;OD;a&oef ;aygif ;100ausmf aeonf/ ,if ;vl OD ;a&xl xyf vS onf hEk d if iH BuD ;ok H ;Ek d if iHMum;wG if vl OD ;a&oef ;aygif ; 40 ausmf rQom&S d aom jref rmEkd if iH \tajctaerS m

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20 twG J 2? trSwf 241 (7-12-2014) we*FaEGUPPER MYANMAR

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