unit 1. living things.ppt

UNIT 1. LIVING THINGS. PLANTS

In this unit you are going to learn:

● Seres vivos e inertes. Diferenciación.● Organización interna de los seres vivos● Estructura de los seres vivos: células, tejidos, órganos,

aparatos y sistemas.● Características y clasificación de los seres vivos.● Las plantas. Estructura y fisiología. La fotosíntesis y su

importancia para la vida en la tierra.

1.1. Living and non-living things

● In nature there are non-living things, such as rocks and minerals, and living things, such as animals and plants.

● All living things depend on life processes to stay alive: nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction.


Life processes:

● Nutrition provides two things: substances that living things need to grow and energy to carry out life processes.

1.1. Living and non-living thing

Life processes:

● Sensitivity enables living things to react to what they perceive around them


Life processes:

● Reproduction enables living things to create offspring similar to themselves


Let's practice...

● Open your workbook , write the date and do the following exercises.

● EXERCISE 1 AND 2

● Mind map : draft

1.2. Internal organization of living things

● You and I are considered living things, individual organisms.● All living things, or organisms, are formed of microscopic units called

cells.● There are many different types of cells and they carry out the basic

life processes: they feed, they react to what they perceive around them, and they produce new cells identical to themselves.

● Cells are so small, you need a microscope to see them.

1.2. Internal organization of living thingsCells● All cells are very small, but they can differ in size. For example, brain

cells, known as neurons, are much bigger than blood cells.● Cells can also differ in shape. For example:● Blood cells are round.● Muscle cells are elongated.● Intestine cells are block-shaped.● Neurons are star-shaped


Cells have three main parts:● The membrane is a covering which

surrounds the cell and separates it from the outside.

● The nucleus is the part which controls the functions of the cell.

● The cytoplasm is the liquid between the nucleus and the membrane. It is formed by water with different substances dissolved in it. The cytoplasm contains lots of organelles that carry out different functions.


Animal and plant cells are different.● Animal cells can be many different shapes,● Plant cells are usually bigger and have a regular shape. They also have

a hard cell wall around the membrane. This is why some plant stems are very hard. Plant cells have special organelles called chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis.


Let’s learn more about animal and plant cells.

EXERCISE: Draw a cell on your notebook and label its parts


● All living things are made up of cells. Animals and plants are formed by a large number of cells which are organized according to their functions. They are called multicellular living things.

● Other living things are made up of a single cell. They are called unicellular living things. These living things are found everywhere: in water, in soil, in the air and in our bodies. However, you can only see them through a microscope.

● Let’s watch a video about cells.● Do you want to learn more?● You can watch this video at home.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BZEA4areBM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTa4j6eRV0s


Let's practice...


● EXERCISE 3,4,5

● Continue with our mind map

1.3. The structure of living things


1-Cells● In multicellular organisms, such as animals, groups of cells work

together to carry out a variety of functions. Each type of cell has a specific function within the organism.


2-Tissues● Groups of the same type of cells join together to form tissues.● Our body has several types of tissues. For example, muscle tissue is

made up of muscle cells, and bone tissue is made up of bone cells. All the cells which form a tissue perform a common function. For example, cells in muscle tissue produce movement.

1.3. The structure of living things3-Organs● Tissues join together to form organs. All the tissues in an organ work

together to perform a common function.● The stomach, the heart and the kidneys are human organs. Each

organ carries out an specific function.● For example, our tongue is an organ which consists of several tissues:

muscle tissue, shich allows the tongue to move; epithelial tissue, which covers the tongue; and nervous tissue, which is made up of nerve cells. These tissues work together so that the tongue functions properly.


4-Systems● Organs join together to form

systems. Organs within systems work together to perform a common function.

● For example, our body has a circulatory system that is made up of the heart, blood, blood vessels and lymph.


5-Organisms● Finally, all the different types of systems in our body work together to

form an organism, which is a complete living thing

1.3. The structure of living things● Some of the main systems in human beings are:

● Let’s watch a video about this!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRFykdf4kDc


Let's practice...


● EXERCISE 7,8,9

● Continue with our mind map


1.4. Classification of living things● Living things are classified into large groups called kingdoms. There

are five kingdoms:● The animal kingdom● The plant kingdom● The fungi kingdom● The protists kingdom● The monera kingdom

1.4. Classification of living things

Animals● Animals are multicellular living things that eat other living things.

They can move from one place to another, and the can react quickly to stimuli. To do this, they have a nervous system and sense organs.


Plants● Plants are multicellular living things that use sunlight and substances

from the soil and air to make their own food. Plants cannot move around because they are fixed to the ground


Fungi● Fungi can be unicellullar, but

most are multicellular. They are usually found underground, on pieces of wood or on decomposing food, like mildew.

● Like animals, fungi do not make their own food. They depend on other organisms for food. Like plants, they cannot move by themselves and are fixed to something.


Fungi● Some fungi produce mushrooms. Mushrooms are the visible part of a

fungus. Mushrooms are formed by long threads called hyphae that grow underground to absorb food. Later, a mushroom grows above ground, so that the fungus can reproduce.


Monera● All organisms in this kingdom are unicellular. They can be found on

land, in the air, in water and inside other living things.● Bacteria belong to the Monera Kingdom. Bacteria are the most

abundant of all living things. They can be found everywhere in the world.

● Bacteria are the smallest living things. They can only be seen through a microscope. For this reason, the are called microorganisms or microbes.


Monera or bacteria● Some bacteria are helpful, like the ones we use to make yoghurt,

cheese or bread. Some bacteria are harmful because they can cause diseases like pharyngitis or cholera.

1.4. Classification of living thingsProtist● Protists are usualli unicellular, but some are multicellular. Most

protists are found in water.

1.4. Classification of living thingsViruses● Viruses are microscopic and can cause disease. Most scientists don’t

consider viruses living things because they don’t take in nutrients, they produce no waste products, they don’t grow and they don’t respond to stimuli. In order to reproduce they must always be inside another living thing.

● They cause illnesses like influenza, measles, chicken pox and AIDS.


Let's practice...

● Open your Notebook , write the date and do the following exercises.

• Write a table with the five kingdoms and living things for each group

• Do exercises 10,11 from your workbook

• Continue with our mind map

1.3. The structure of living things1.4. Classification of living things


Let’s practice:

Review activities

1.5.Plants● Plants are multicellular living things.

● PARTS: Plants have three main parts: roots, stems and leaves.

● NUTRITION: They make their own food by using sunlight and substances from air and water. so they are autotrophs. Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. Plants need air, water and mineral salts to make their food. They use sunlight as their source of energy. This process is called photosynthesis.

● SENSITIVITY They are fixed to the ground so they cannot move about.● CLASIFICATION : Grasses are plants with soft, flexible stems. Trees

and shrubs are plants with hard, woody stems

1.5.Plants

● REPRODUCTION ● Plants can reproduce with or without flowers or seeds. When there is

no flowers involved we call this asexual reproduction. One example is when plants reproduce from cuttings.

● Flowers contain the reproductive organs of a plant. The main parts of a flower are the calyx, corolla, stamens and pistil.

● Fruits form inside the flowers. Inside the fruits there are seeds

1.5.Plants

● Parts of a plant

1.5.Plants

1.5.Plants● There are more tan 250,000 different species of plants on Earth. All

plants can be classified in two main groups: non-flowering and flowering.

1.5.Plants

Non-flowering plants●Non-flowering plants do not produce flowers or fruit. They reproduce with spores. Spores are special cells that germinate and grow into new plants. Spores have a hard cover for protection.●There are two main groups of non-flowering plants: mosses and ferns. Mosses and ferns grow in dark, humid places because they need moist conditions to survive.

1.5.Plants● Remember:

1.5.Plants


Let's practice...

● Open your Workbook , write the date and do the following exercises.

• Do exercises 12,13,14,15, from your workbook

• Finish with our mind map

1.3. The structure of living things1.4. Classification of living things

1.5.Plants

Plant nutrition Photosynthesis● 1 Water and mineral salts are very

important for plant nutrition. Mineral salts from the soil dissolve in water. Plants absorb water and minerals from the soil through their roots hairs. The mixture of water and mineral salts, called raw sap, travels up the stem to the leaves.

1.5.Plants● 2 Through the leaves the plant absorbs Carbon dioxide.

● Chlorophyll is a green substance which traps sunlight. Chlorophyll gives plants their green colour.

● 3 The plant use energy in sunlight to transform carbon dioxide and water&minerals (raw sap) into sugar (elaborated sap)

1.5.Plants

● Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis, so the process can only take place during the day.

● Plants release oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis.

1.5.Plants

Plant respiration.● Plants need to breathe. They take in oxygen from the air and give off

carbon dioxide.● During photosynthesis, the opposite occurs. Plants take in carbon

dioxide and give off oxygen. However, plants produce more oxygen than they can use. As a result, forests are an important source of oxygen.

1.5.Plants

All plants have sensitivity: they react to changes in the environement:● Roots always grow downwards, and stems always grow upwards,

even if the ground is sloping.● Stems and leaves grow towards light● Vines, such as grapevines, wrap themselves round a support and

grow along it.● The mimosa plant is capable of rapid movement: its leaves close if

you touch it.● Plants can distinguish the seasons by the number of hours of daylight

and darkness. Days get longer and nights get shorter in spring when plants normally grow flowers.

1.5.Plants


Let's practice...

● Open your Workbook , write the date and do the following exercises.

• Do exercises 16,17,18,19 from your workbook

• Finish with our mind map

1.3. The structure of living things1.4. Classification of living things1.5.Plants

Review activities

Let’s practice

Review activities

unit 1. living things.ppt

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