unit 6_the primary sector

8/3/2019 Unit 6_the Primary Sector

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Topic 6

The primarysector


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Agricultural space Farming

Fishing

Forestry

Mining Quarrying


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PHYSICAL FACTORS IN

AGRICULTURE1.- Climate:Rainfall: most need between 900mm and 1200mm peryear.Temperature - crops need the temperature to be above10C to be able to grow


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GREENHOUSE


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GREENHOUSES IN ALMERIA


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PHYSICAL FACTORS IN

AGRICULTURE

2.- Relief-

Sunny and shady sides of mountains.Exposure to the windIncline of slopes.Altitude


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TERRACED


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PHYSICAL FACTORS IN

AGRICULTURE

3.- Soil

Thickness: deep soil is more appropriate for thecultivation of most crops because roots have more spaceto expand.


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Nutrients: the more appropriate nutrients

the soil has, the better it is for agriculture.


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Vegetation Vegetation provides the soil with humus,

so the more vegetation an area shas, themore fertile the soil will be


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POPULATION GROWTH

ECONOMIC ANDTECHNOLOGICAL

CONDITIONS

LAND OWNERSHIP

FARM SIZE

AGRICULTURALPOLICY

CUSTOMS

HUMAN FACTORS IN

AGRICULTURE


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POPULATION GROWTH Need to produce more food.

A decrease in population means land isabandoned.


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ECONOMIC AND

TECHNOLOGICAL CONDITIONS


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LAND OWNERSHIP Individual ownership or

several people Municipality

Cooperative

Company

To lease it or work it as

sharecropper Day labourers


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FARM SIZE Smallholdings

or large estates


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AGRICULTURAL POLICY Measures and actions taken by national

government and international institutionsthat affect crops and farming


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CUSTOMS It affects the

composition ofagriculturalspace.


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Structure of agricultural space Cultivated space

Inhabited space


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Cultivated space

Plots or field that can be classified

Size

Small: Less than 1 Ha

Medium: Btw 1 Ha and 10 Ha

Large: More than 10 Ha

Shape

Regular

Irregular

Boundaries

Bocage

Oppenfield


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THE SHAPE

REGULAR

IRREGULAR


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THE SIZE

LARGE ESTATE

SMALLHOLDING


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THE LIMITS

OPENFIELD

BOCAGE


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Inhabited space

This is the area where people live. It

consists of individual farms, villages andsmall towns.


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THE CROP SYSTEM


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THE USE OF WATER

DRY FARMING

IRRIGATED


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THE VARIETY OF CROPS

MONOCULTURE

VARIED CROP FARMING


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THE DESTINY OF PRODUCTIONSUBSISTENCE

COMMERCIAL


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THE RURAL SETTLEMENT

NUCLEATED

DISPERSED


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2.2 Agricultural landscapes

SUBSISTENCEFARMING

Slash and burntagriculture (Shiftingcultivation) where smallareas of forest arecleared and the land iscultivated for a few yearsuntil it loses its fertility;then a move is made to anew location. Its anomadic system offarming.


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-

pQng2qZbqQ


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Intensive subsistence farming such as

the cultivation of rice in southern andeastern Asia.

COMMERCIAL


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COMMERCIAL

AGRICULTURE


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Types Advanced agriculture of Europe

Mediterranean agriculture Extensive NEW WORLD agriculture.

Plantations


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Advanced agriculture of Europe


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Mediterranean agriculture Rain-fed and irrigated

E t i NEW WORLD


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Extensive NEW WORLD

agriculture. Large farms employ few workers and use

a lot of machinery (mostly cereals)

Pl t ti


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Plantations

Large estates with monocultures of cocoa,

tea, coffee, bananas and pineapples.


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Commercial or subsistence?


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Commercial or subsistence?

Li t k f i


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Livestock farming This type of farming obtains different products

from animals.

Types:

Cattle (cows, oxen, bulls)

Sheep, goars, rabbits, horses, mules and poultry.


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Types of livestock farming Capital investment and

labour Extensive livestock

farming.

Capital investment is lowand productivity low.

Graze on large pastures

in open air.

Intensive livestock farming


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Intensive livestock farming

Capital investment+labour+productivity high. Cattle are farmed


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Food and feeding methods Grazing livestock

Confined livestock Semi-confined livestock

Grazing livestock


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Grazing livestock

Animals feed on grass

Confined livestock


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Confined livestock

Animals eat feed

Semi-confined livestock


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Semi-confined livestock

In summer, grass.


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Mobility of livestock Nomadic herding


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Transhumance (seasonal migration of

livestock)


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Sedentary livestock farming


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Forest exploitation Utilisation of forest products:timber, cork,

resin Silviculture has to be managed so that,

forests are cultivated to obtain products

from them.

Forest


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Forest

exploitation Its the utilisation

of forestproducts: timber,cork, resin, etc.


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Principal uses Manufacture of furniture, planks, telegraph

poles.


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Fishing and the use of the sea Techniques.

Longline fishing Trawling

Lift-netting

Longline fishing


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Longline fishing

Trawling


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Trawling

Lift netting


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Lift-netting

Coastal fishing


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Coastal fishing

Sardines, squid, anchovies, clams,

prawns

Offshore fishing and deep-sea


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fishing Cod=bacalao

Swordfish=pez espada Tuna=atn

Hake=merluza

Swordfish


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Swordfish

Tuna=atn


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Tuna=atn

Hake=merluza


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Hake=merluza

Use of the sea


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Use of the sea

Seaweed

Algae (for food)

Minerals

Salt.

Drinking water. Source of energy

Transport

Industries, ports and tourist facilities in coastalareas.

Aquaculture (acuicultura)


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Aquaculture (acuicultura)

Development of aquaculture to avoid the

depleiton of fishing grounds.

Fish farm


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Fish farm


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Gilthead (dorada)


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Gilthead (dorada)

Sea bass (lubina)


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Sea bass (lubina)

Turbot (rodaballo)


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Turbot (rodaballo)

Trout


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Changes in rural areas


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C a ges u a a eas

Demographic

changes. Foreign workers

(ageing population)

Changes in agricultural landscapes


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g g p


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Development of new activities


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Other activities besides agriculture and

livestock farming. Industry

Tourism

Changes in construction


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Single-family houses

Second homes.

Environmental consequences


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Soil erosion

Pesticides Fertilisers

Depleiton of water resources


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Overexploitation of forests


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Forest fires

O fi hi D l it f fi h t k


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Overfishing: Depleiton of fish stocks

Damage marine environments.


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Ecological agriculture


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Natural fertilisers and seeds


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Natural methods to combat pests.


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Improved irrigation systems.


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Prevention and extinction of forest fires


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Reforestation with native species

Invasive species


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Regulation of fishing


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Control the size of species caught.


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Reduction of catches


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Prohibition of trawling


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Development of aquaculture.

unit 6_the primary sector

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