USING COST-PER-USE TO ASSESS

BIG DEALSTim Bucknall (UNCG)

THE CAROLINA CONSORTIUM

Buyer’s Club for NC and SC academic libraries

Includes 149 community colleges, public universities, and private colleges and universities

All deals are opt-in

No central funding

No formal organization, structure, resources, or committees

Nearly 100 current deals (dbs, journals, streaming media, ebooks, discovery tools, library services, etc.)

Over 1110 participants (Averaging about 7.5 schools per deal, and about 11 deals per school)

Annual cost avoidance of about $240 million

CC BIG DEALS

The CC began with 3 Big Deals in 2004- Wiley, Blackwell, and Springer

Current Big Deals include ACS (29 schools), ASTM (5), BE Press (19), Brill (23), CUP (22), Duke UP (12), Elsevier College Editions (14), Elsevier Science Direct (14 NC), IGI Global (3), Mary Ann Liebert (56), OUP (28), Sage Premier (22), Springer (47), Wiley (37).

EVALUATING BIG DEAL USAGE AND COST DATA 2004-11 No coordination. Each school responsible for their own data and decision making. Some schools very data driven. Others never looked at data at all.

May 2012 CC Meeting. General agreement that we are better off sharing data. I asked vendors for 3 years of data for all CC schools in deals with gross cost over $250,000 (ACS, CUP, Elsevier, OUP, Sage, Springer, Wiley).

April 2013 CC Meeting. Shared and discussed data.

Summer 2013. Contacted schools with high CPU’s.

Fall 2013. Large budget cuts for state schools. Some new schools join Big Deals. Some of the highest CPU schools drop out.

CONSORTIUM USE OF CPU

CPU establishes the framework for decision making, but is certainly not the only factor considered. Which other factors are considered? It depends on which CPU we are talking about.

1. Deal level CPU

2. School level CPU

3. Title level CPU

USING CPU AT THE DEAL LEVEL Which deal has the best/worst CPU overall?

Which deals are getting better/worse over time?

Useful at the publisher/consortium level. Less so at the school level.

USING CPU AT THE SCHOOL LEVEL Is my CPU higher/lower than CPU’s of other schools?

Is my CPU higher/lower than CPU’s of peers institutions?

Is my CPU getting better/worse over time?

Is the rate of change increasing/decreasing?

CPU CPU$3,521 267 $13.19 $3,766 476 $7.91 $4,298 146 $29.44 canceled 0 #VALUE!$8,783 5 $1,756.65 $8,783 41 $214.23 $11,205 158 $70.92 $12,200 319 $38.24$4,861 139 $34.97 $4,861 148 $32.84 $5,610 130 $43.16 $6,111 203 $30.10$3,521 205 $17.18 $3,766 388 $9.71 $5,848 372 $15.72 $6,115 570 $10.73$3,521 303 $11.62 $3,521 367 $9.60 $4,698 305 $15.40 $4,843 470 $10.30

$13,320 1,606 $8.29 $13,320 2,811 $4.74 $16,132 1,441 $11.20 $17,621 2,023 $8.71$3,521 516 $6.82 $3,855 543 $7.10 $5,848 520 $11.25 $6,115 803 $7.62$3,521 460 $7.66 $3,766 490 $7.69 $5,848 #DIV/0! $6,115 856 $7.14

$14,049 1,744 $8.06 $14,811 1,030 $14.38 $18,210 1,848 $9.85 $20,959 3,158 $6.64$5,508 665 $8.28 $5,852 985 $5.94 $6,274 925 $6.78 $6,624 1,036 $6.39

$25,034 3,803 $6.58 $25,584 3,749 $6.82 $28,712 4,975 $5.77 $30,308 4,959 $6.11$3,521 730 $4.82 $3,766 730 $5.16 $5,848 819 $7.14 $5,966 1,028 $5.80$4,419 708 $6.24 $4,967 1,030 $4.82 $6,151 1,848 $3.33 $8,747 1,510 $5.79

$14,706 2,330 $6.31 $14,706 2,498 $5.89 $18,011 2,893 $6.23 $18,372 3,301 $5.57$19,337 2,204 $8.77 $18,590 3,489 $5.33 $21,572 4,171 $5.17 $22,845 4,387 $5.21

$5,666 1,836 $3.09 $5,942 1,302 $4.56 $7,898 1,564 $5.05 $8,371 1,611 $5.20$3,521 714 $4.93 $4,856 759 $6.40 $5,090 739 $6.89 $5,296 1,144 $4.63

$33,902 6,050 $5.60 $39,111 7,300 $5.36 $43,278 9,220 $4.69 $46,781 10,257 $4.56$17,863 3,720 $4.80 $18,732 4,725 $3.96 $21,034 5,928 $3.55 $22,313 5,447 $4.10$37,822 13,605 $2.78 $42,420 14,917 $2.84 $48,284 16,318 $2.96 $51,405 14,456 $3.56$17,340 7,578 $2.29 $21,244 5,673 $3.74 $24,656 6,814 $3.62 $26,185 7,458 $3.51$42,337 16,730 $2.53 $46,620 19,219 $2.43 $50,543 21,534 $2.35 $53,347 18,841 $2.83$32,222 9,029 $3.57 $33,757 9,290 $3.63 $34,428 10,889 $3.16 $36,813 13,130 $2.80

$8,688 2,741 $3.17 $9,243 3,122 $2.96 $10,687 3,681 $2.90 $10,901 4,120 $2.65$53,331 31,500 $1.69 $56,449 30,957 $1.82 $63,146 26,524 $2.38 $68,197 26,563 $2.57$59,877 28,360 $2.11 $59,877 27,803 $2.15 $70,165 30,724 $2.28 $74,495 30,539 $2.44

$5,231 1,513 $3.46 $5,528 1,358 $4.07 $5,649 2,184 $2.59 $5,762 2,897 $1.99$3,521 1,787 $1.97 $3,521 2,089 $1.69 $5,803 2,587 $2.24 $6,111 3,862 $1.58

$1,500 1,454 $1.03$93,482 120,522 $0.78 $104,273 116,679 $0.89 $134,334 115,783 $1.16

$452,466 140,848 $3.21 $574,696 267,811 $2.15 $659,200 276,160 $2.39 $724,749 282,185 $2.57

CPU Total PriceNumber of combined CPU

CY 2009 CY 2010 CY 2011 CY 2012Total Price

Number of combined Total Price

Number of combined

Total Price

Number of

USING CPU AT THE TITLE LEVEL Answers the question - “I’m in a big deal with high overall CPU. If I drop out of the deal and subscribe to the most heavily used titles, will my cost per use go up or down?”

COMPARING 3 MODELS

Titles Usage Cost in $100s0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

9

144

60

13

186

100

304319

122

Fifty%Ten+CC Deal

Development and Psychopathology 963 $605.00 $0.63 605.00Journal of Child Language 188 $605.00 $3.22 1,210.00Speculum 45 $180.00 $4.00 1,390.00Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy118 $489.00 $4.14 1,879.00Politics & Gender 67 $281.00 $4.19 2,160.00Popular Music 71 $328.00 $4.62 2,488.00Journal of Economic History 52 $268.00 $5.15 2,756.00Theatre Survey 36 $187.00 $5.19 2,943.00Social Philosophy and Policy 48 $251.00 $5.23 3,194.00Ancient Mesoamerica 75 $422.00 $5.63 3,616.00New Theatre Quarterly 44 $248.00 $5.64 3,864.00Language Teaching 53 $300.00 $5.66 4,164.00Journal of Policy History 19 $109.00 $5.74 4,273.00Applied Psycholinguistics 77 $445.00 $5.78 4,718.00Studies in Second Language Acquisition 55 $320.00 $5.82 5,038.00Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture23 $135.00 $5.87 5,173.00Journal of Latin American Studies 77 $453.00 $5.88 5,626.00Psychological Medicine 228 $1,504.00 $6.60 7,130.00Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 25 $179.00 $7.16 7,309.00International Organization 32 $239.00 $7.47 7,548.00International Labor and Working-Class History17 $127.00 $7.47 7,675.00

USING CPU TO MAKE RENEW/CANCEL DECISIONS Based on the CPU data, we notified schools with CPU over $10

We said that a CPU of $10-19.99 wasn’t necessarily a cause for alarm, but should probably be monitored

We advised people to look pretty hard at anything over $20 CPU

We stated that we considered CPU To be the best single metric To be a flawed metric To be one factor (albeit one of the most influential) among many

We included a list of 20 good reasons a school might stay in a high CPU deal

HIGH CPU RENEW/CANCEL RESULTS Our stats showed just 7 instances across all our deals up for renewal where the cost-per-use was over $20 for usage year 2012.

In four of those cases, schools decided to stay with the deal. In three cases, schools cancelled. So, we had a 43% cancellation rate for big deals greater than $20 per download.

The cancellation rate for schools paying less than $20 per download was 5%.

CONCLUSIONS

- CPU is a strong factor in the renew/cancel decision

- CPU is not the sole factor in the renew/cancel decision

QUESTIONS?

Tim Bucknall – UNCG, and Carolina ConsortiumBucknall@uncg.edu336-256-1216

http://library.uncg.edu/carolinaconsortium