vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

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Economic analysis and market based instruments for biodiversity / species conservation Vic Adamowicz REES and Alberta Land Institute University of Alberta

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Vic Adamowicz's presentation from SARA at 10 Years conference

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Page 1: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Economic analysis and market based instruments for biodiversity / 

species conservation Vic Adamowicz

REES and Alberta Land InstituteUniversity of Alberta

Page 2: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Outline

• Economic analysis– A Case Study– Setting the stage for Market Based Instruments (MBIs)

• MBIs and Habitat / Biodiversity Conservation– Description– Canadian Examples– Advantages and Drawbacks

• Another case study• Conclusions

Page 3: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

A Case Study (Entem et al 2012)Milk River Watershed in SW Saskatchewan

• 14,923 km2

• Located in the southwest corner of Saskatchewan– Bounded to the west by Alberta and the south by Montana

• The primary land uses: – Agriculture 

• Ranches, Farms and Mixed Farms– Oil and Gas

Page 4: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Historical Range Maps for a Subset of Species

(Entem et al 2012)

Page 5: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Conservation Activities

Agriculture‐related activities considered:– Conservation easements– Reduced stocking rates– Conversion of hay/tame pasture and crops into native grassland

– Shelterbelts in hay/tame pasture and crop fields– Retaining uncut strips in hay fields– Planting native grassland buffers around crop fields

*Also considered oil and gas values in the region(Entem et al 2012)

Page 6: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Spatial Distribution of Costs

(Entem et al 2012)

Page 7: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Cost‐effectiveness Analysis: Cost Curves for Provision of Species at Risk

(Entem et al 2012)

Page 8: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Cost Effectiveness of Multi Species Plans

(Entem et al 2012)

Page 9: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Alternative Programs

(Entem et al 2012)

Page 10: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Market Based Instruments (MBIs)• MBIs for Conservation

– Market Friction• e.g. Certification

– Price Based• e.g. Payments for Ecosystem Services (DU Reverse Auction)

– Quantity Based• e.g. Cap and Trade Systems (TDRs), Offsets (AB Grasslands, ACA )

• Why?– Achieve environmental goal at least cost– Incentives for conservation– Potential economies of scale, technological change?– Mechanism for stakeholder involvement

Page 11: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Stirrett, S, R. Rolfe, and S. Shewchuk, 2012. The Invisible Hand’s GreenThumb; Market Based Instruments for  Environmental Protection In Alberta. Canada WestFoundation. Calgary, ABIsbn 1‐897423‐89‐9Page  7.

Page 12: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Offsets (Coggan et al, 2010; Weber et al 2011, Sustainable Prosperity 2011)

• Voluntary versus Mandatory• Evaluation of offset

– Equivalence or more? Ratios?• Definition of the baseline 

– Additionality? Avoided disturbance?• Spatial aspects• Temporal aspects

– Timing of impacts and outcomes– Permanence?

• Risk• Monitoring• Banking provisions• Public versus Private Lands• Crowding out? 

Page 13: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

eftec, IEEP et.al (2010) The use of market‐based instruments for biodiversity protection –Thecase of habitat banking – Technical Report. (Pages 55 and 56)http://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/index.htm

Page 14: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Alberta Situation

• Alberta Land Stewardship Act– Setting targets, using market based instruments to achieve targets

• Voluntary Offsets• Offset Pilots• Other mechanisms being investigated

– Lease swapping– Transferable Disturbance Rights

Page 15: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species
Page 16: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Case Study 2 ‐ Caribou

• Cost effectiveness analysis (Hauer, et al 2012)• Implications for Offsets?

Page 17: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

http://environment.gov.ab.ca/info/library/8042.pdf

ASRD and ACA 2010

Woodland Caribou in Alberta

Page 18: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Schneider et al 2012

Page 19: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Costs per Self Sustaining Herd

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Percen

t

Self Sustaining Herds

Percent of Net Present Value

100755040

Page 20: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Caribou Case

• Objectives– Habitat?– Population / Density?

• Predator control?• Accelerated reclamation? 

– By when?• Potential for Offsets

– Reclamation / regeneration  (“slow”)– Avoided disturbance (declining baseline?)– Predator control, etc. (?)– Combinations? 

Page 21: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Weber et al, 2011. page 20. https://www.landuse.alberta.ca/Documents/LUF_Experimental_Evaluation_of_Offset_Design_Options_Research_Report‐2011‐11.pdf

Page 22: Vic adamowicz market based approaches to conserve species

Conclusions

• Economic analysis can be used to provide information on cost‐effectiveness, identify approaches to provide incentives for conservation. 

• Market based instruments for biodiversity / species conservation in Canada– Relatively little experience– Considerable potential

• Market design is critical