waste to energy presentation_7!30!13
DESCRIPTION
Waste to Energy PreesentationTRANSCRIPT
Technologies
Waste to Energy
JP HoffmanSiemens
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– Why WtE?– Before Putting Into Service– Challenges– Opportunities– Risks– Rewards– Lessons Learned
Agenda
Waste Material Utilization: Reuse, Recycle, Energy Recovery
http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/RRC/waste_material_utilization.html
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Why Waste-to-Energy?
Benefits• Reduce U.S. dependence on
fossil fuels• Increase energy security• Reduce GHG emissions • Meet future policy emissions
controls
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Reduction of GHG• Avoided methane emissions from landfills• Avoided CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion• Avoided CO2 emissions from metals production
Water • Use• Discharges
Environmental Aspects1
1 – http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/municipal-sw.html
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Solid Waste Generation• MSW Waste-to-Energy generation creates a solid waste called ASH• Depending on state and local restrictions, non-hazardous ash may be
disposed of in a MSW landfill or recycled for use in roads, parking lots, or daily covering for sanitary landfills
Environmental Aspects
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Before Putting into Service
Applicable Concept and Design• Feedstock management• Design/Build/Operate/Maintain Agreement
Environmental Considerations• Air Emissions Permit • Water Use/Discharge Permit• Environmental Impact Requirement• Regulatory Conformance
Preliminary Requirements1
1 – http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/faq.html
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Before Putting into Service
Siting• Permits• Waste Availability/Supply Commitments• Ash Disposal (landfill) Capacity
Financing Options• Contract Vehicles / PPA / EUL• Incentives & Guarantees• Exploration Expense• Tax Credits
Preliminary Requirements1
1 – http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/faq.html
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Public Opposition• Environmental groups often form opposition against new WtE plants
regardless of technology used• Need to understand the impact this may have on permitting process, utility
process and financing options• Understand timeline for public notification
Technical and Performance Issues• System must meet performance criteria to remain economically viable• Newer, more experimental systems are risky because they have no
demonstrated performance records
Facing Challenges
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Cost Challenges• Exploration• New Infrastructure• New Generation Plant
Waste Stream Supply Issues• Lack of supply could void any third party guarantee
Funding and Financial Issues• Changes in government contract vehicles and/or restrictions• Lack of seed money for start-up projects
Facing Challenges
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Scale Issues• Long term growth must be considered when determining applicable size
of plant• Smaller scale projects have higher levelized costs of production
Lack of Support for Decision Making• Lack of defined, documented economic, environmental, and technology
performance metrics to inform the decision-making process and states’ varying definitions of municipal solid waste, biomass, and WTE
Facing Challenges
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ACHIEVE ENERGY MANDATESEnergy security and availability• Promotes long-term affordable
energy prices
Reduces waste stream direct and indirect costs• Tipping fees of disposal• New landfill cell opening fees• Transportation costs• Labor costs
New Opportunities
Provides base-load power • Augment on-site intermittent
renewable energy generation technologies• Solar and Wind
• Unconsumed/overproduced electricity could be sold to the utility
Valuable by-products for use in other areas• Bottom ash • Biogas • Bio-char• Bio-oil
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Under-trained staff performing incorrect operation and maintenance procedures• Improper O&M can cause low production or failure of systems
Energy price escalation• Evolving energy landscape leads to difficulty forecasting energy prices• Utility energy pricing fluctuation based on market conditions
Waste Stream Supply• Intended use of buildings may change over time • Conservation methods may change volume or type of waste stream produced
Understanding Risks
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Changing Emissions Standards/Environmental Legislation• Increasingly stringent emission standards may create future costs to comply if
goals are not aggressive enough in design
Plant Equity• Useful life is considered to be 20+ years
– Current market estimate at 20+ years
Understanding Risks
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Contract Clarification• Risk Responsibility Matrix• Understanding of scope of supply, limits of liability, liquidated damages,
defects liability, periods, intellectual property, interface agreements and financial projections/guarantees prior to signing contracts
Funding• High capital costs for Waste-to-Energy plant• Construction costs based on specific time period, if completion is delayed,
damages may accumulate
Understanding Risks
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Increased energy security and energy savings • May allow installation to increase and change mission objectives, diverting
energy spend for other uses
Prestige associated with achievement of energy goals• Plants are eligible for REC credits that may be sold to other energy users to
offset carbon footprint and provide additional funding for the installation
As technologies are used and refined, the next generation becomes less expensive and more efficient
Earning Rewards
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Market• Look for projects with financial incentives, skilled workforces, adequate
transmission and abundant input source
Project Team• Create a team with decision makers, compliance officers, financial
experts and appropriate engineering staff• Find common goals and determine generation misconceptions early to
prevent unnecessary roadblocks during negotiations
Lessons Learned
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Project Schedule• Projects that are shovel ready can better adapt to changing conditions • Understand the environmental regulations required prior to committing to a
schedule, certain studies can only be performed during specific intervals within the year
Site Considerations• Clearly defining the level of priority for project development and creating
master site and energy plans can help resolve any land-use conflicts existing at potential sites
Lessons Learned
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Utility Regulations as Barriers• Interconnection, net-metering
O&M is Key for Success• Improper maintenance reduces system efficiency and threatens the useful life
of equipment.
Training• Required interval training and proper documentation
Feedstock management
Lessons Learned
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Questions?