water resources management ا درا ا ةرادإ water …...•capacity-building of national...
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Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������Water Resources Management Programme
Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
ا����ون �� ��ان ا��� ا��� ا�����Nubian Sandstone Aquifer
CooperationCairo, Egypt, November 29, 2017
Khaled M. AbuZeid, PhD, PE.
Regional Water Director, CEDARE
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� �دارة ا���ارد ا������ ������ ���اري����ا����� ا�
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������Water Resources Management Programme
Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Source : ArcAtlas, Digital
Chart of the World (DCW) by ESRI
Prepared by CEDARE 1998
The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer
N
EW
S
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Kyom
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ingui
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oangoa
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Ouham
Ni le
Ground Water Age (1000 yers)
3 - 8
9 - 13
14 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 30
31 - 35
36 - 41
lakes
canals
intermittent stream
lake
stream
# Wells
1000 0 1000 Kilometers
Web: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Source : ArcAtlas, Digital
Chart of the World (DCW) by ESRI
Prepared by CEDARE 1998
The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer
N
EW
S
500 0 500 1000 Kilometers
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Lol
White Nile
Kyom
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Ouham
Sue
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Kuru
Boro
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Wina
Mbere
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Jur
Va
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enz
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ingui
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Nzoro
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oangoa
Ouarra
Pibor
Les i
Bah
r az Zeraf
Albert Nile
Ouham
Nile
Precipitation (mm)
0
1 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 400
401 - 600
601 - 1000
1001 - 1400
lakes
canals
intermittent stream
lake
stream
# Wells
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Non-Renewable Groundwater
Petrified Trees = Old Water
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
وع ا��� ا������ �� ������
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
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2
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Sustaining Tourism & RecreationSwimming in Groundwater Springs in Egypt
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Sustaining AgricultureSiwa Oasis in the Western Desert of Egypt
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Sustaining Ecosystems
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Regional Strategy for the Utilization of the Nubian Sandstone Groundwater Aquifer
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
DEVELOPMENT OF A REGIONAL STRATEGY
Environmentally and socially sustainable utilizationand management of a vast common property resource by:
• creating an enabling environment
• capacity-building of national institutions in 4 countries
• formulating a regional groundwater development plan
• integrating socio-economic dimensions
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
RTRC
NSAS Regional
Programme
(CEDARE)
Chad NC
Libya NC
Egypt NC
RPSC
Sudan NC
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
3
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E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
TECHNICAL FRAMEWORKRegional Information System
Web: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
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600
450
650
250
500
1502
50
0
500
100
350
400
450
0
250
300
450
84. 7
72. 7
58. 079.6
42. 8
48.6 94.0
80.074. 7
53. 0
145.0
184. 0
268. 0
163. 0
126. 1
140.3 149.7
128. 0
148.2
156.2
135. 0
249.3
137. 0228. 0
235.0
247. 0
256. 0
242. 0
128. 0
128.0
129. 0
125.0
117.0
134. 0
250.0215.0
154. 0
174.0
242.0
150.0
118.0
135. 0
107.0
412. 2424.6
396.9387.8
417.5
272. 4
278.9
277. 1
269. 0
307.0
287.0
751. 1
823. 5
247.0270.0
509.0
510.0
346.0
324. 0
497.0
490.0
521.0504.0
756. 0
415.4
275.0
495.0
410. 0
484.0
232. 0
187. 0
145.0
419. 6
415. 4
376.8
440.3
476. 7
476.6
292. 2
337.0
390. 0
253.8
500.0
377.0
529. 0
460.0 435. 0
220.0
213.0207.0
222.0
233. 0
243.0
251. 2
296.6
236.0
189. 6
615.0
1171. 0
TECHNICAL FRAMEWORKRegional GIS Thematic Maps
GeologyAquifer LayersBase of AquiferTransmissivityAquitardsTopographyRainfallGroundwater - levels- salinity- abstractions- drawdowns
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
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34°
M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a
Red
Sea
Ni l
e Ri
v er
A1-NC-43
B1-NC-43
J1-81a
A1-33
E1-65
B1-65
ZZ1-6
A1-81
C1-46
H1-2
B1-65
EE 1-65
CR1-65
CC 1-65
B1-114
J1-a-65
I1-41
G1-126
A1-88
T1-65
E1-31
E1-47
O1-82
B1-2
N1-82
P1-65
G1-31
B1-31
D1-65
F1-65
U1-65Y1-65
T2-65O1-65
FF1-65
G1-82
BB 1-65
Bett y 1
Bahariya 1
Diyor
Abu GharadiAbu Sennan
Ghoroud 1WD 7-1
Qatt ara r im
Abu S ubeiha
Foram 1
Siw a 1Zeitan 1
Kohla 2
Faghur 1
W-Faghur 1
Sharib-1El Gindi
El Desouqi
W Selima
El Bab
Loc vii
B1-71
EE1-71D1-65
D1-71
A1-71
C1-71
DD 1-71
T1-71
Marsa Mat ru
Kanayis 1
Mamura 1
Dawabis-1
Shushan-1
N Ghazal at-
Ghazalat -1
Bahrein-1
NB 42-1
ct -1
Burg El A ra
Dabaa-1
Nashfa-1
Howar
Um Hil al
Ammonit e-1
El Atrun
Um barka 1
Kattanya 1
NB 42-1
Wadi E l Nat
Abou R oash1El-Basur
Gibb Afia-1Gibb Afi a-2
Rabat-1
Wadi-el ray
Ennedi
A-19
bas1
bas2
bas4
bas5
bas6
bas7
bas8
bas9
bas10
bas11
bas12
bas13
bas14
bas15
Ain Hussein
Dakh. Basin
Ex-2
EX-3
E1-81
G1-97
Ghorab-1
H1-65
Kif ar-1
Kohla-1
LLL1-6
Masara-3
N. West
Upper NileP
Wadi H ow ar
B1-18
A1-35
B1-12
A1-82
Umm El-Quso
Garmashine
DW Kurkur
HS1HS4
HS3
DW1
Malaab El K
DW 4
A'
A
B'
B
CC'
Regional Geological Cross Sections
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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16° 1
6°
18° 18
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20° 2
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22° 2
2°
24°
24°
26° 2
6°
28° 2
8°
30°
30°
32° 3
2°
18°
20°
20°
22°
22°
24°
24°
26°
26°
28°
28°
30°
30°
32°
32°
34°
34°
M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a
Red
Sea
Ni l
e Ri
v er
A1-NC-43
B1-NC-43
J1-81a
A1-33
E1-65
B1-65
ZZ1-6
A1-81
C1-46
H1-2
B1-65
EE 1-65
CR1-65
CC 1-65
B1-114
J1-a-65
I1-41
G1-126
A1-88
T1-65
E1-31
E1-47
O1-82
B1-2
N1-82
P1-65
G1-31
B1-31
D1-65
F1-65
U1-65Y1-65
T2-65O1-65
FF1-65
G1-82
BB 1-65
Bett y 1
Bahariya 1
Diyor
Abu GharadiAbu Sennan
Ghoroud 1WD 7-1
Qatt ara r im
Abu S ubeiha
Foram 1
Siw a 1Zeitan 1
Kohla 2
Faghur 1
W-Faghur 1
Sharib-1El Gindi
El Desouqi
W Selima
El Bab
Loc vii
B1-71
EE1-71D1-65
D1-71
A1-71
C1-71
DD 1-71
T1-71
Marsa Mat ru
Kanayis 1
Mamura 1
Dawabis-1
Shushan-1
N Ghazal at-
Ghazalat -1
Bahrein-1
NB 42-1
ct -1
Burg El A ra
Dabaa-1
Nashfa-1
Howar
Um Hil al
Ammonit e-1
El Atrun
Um barka 1
Kattanya 1
NB 42-1
Wadi E l Nat
Abou R oash1El-Basur
Gibb Afia-1Gibb Afi a-2
Rabat-1
Wadi-el ray
Ennedi
A-19
bas1
bas2
bas4
bas5
bas6
bas7
bas8
bas9
bas10
bas11
bas12
bas13
bas14
bas15
Ain Hussein
Dakh. Basin
Ex-2
EX-3
E1-81
G1-97
Ghorab-1
H1-65
Kif ar-1
Kohla-1
LLL1-6
Masara-3
N. West
Upper NileP
Wadi H ow ar
B1-18
A1-35
B1-12
A1-82
Umm El-Quso
Garmashine
DW Kurkur
HS1HS4
HS3
DW1
Malaab El K
DW 4
A'
A
B'
B
CC'
Simplified Regional Cross SectionsNubian / Post-Nubian
4
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Regional Transmissivity Map of the Nubian
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E-mail: [email protected]
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TECHNICAL FRAMEWORKRegional Numerical Finite Element Model
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
� assess current regional impacts
� assess impacts of future expansion
� recommend strategies to minimise negative impacts (transboundary conflicts, optimize yields and drawdowns, protect groundwater quality)
� provide boundary conditions for local models
USE OF AQUIFER NUMERICAL MODEL
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Nubian Focal Points “2002”
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������Water Resources Management Programme
Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
� regular monitoring of Nubian Aquifer through a regional network including:
� annual abstraction for all production sites
� EC measurements for each abstraction site (with complete chemical analysis after major changes)
� aquifer water-level measurements at specified locations
� international sharing of data generated by the monitoring programme
REGIONAL COOPERATION AGREEMENT
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E-mail: [email protected]
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CEDARE Nubian Agreement 1
5
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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� Storing and documenting the different data, covering all fields relevant to the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System.
� Processing, analysis and display of basic data
� Preparing the input parameters which are needed for the modeling at different scales, and calibration of the groundwater model and comparison of the results of
modeling with other data for planning and decision making.
� Provide an easy link between the participating countries through a system ensuring the exchange and flow of
information.
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E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
CEDARE Nubian Agreement 2
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������Water Resources Management Programme
Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
� Yearly extraction in every extraction site, specifying geographical location and number of producing wells and springs in each site.
� Representative Electrical Conductivity measurements (EC), taken once a year in each extraction site, followed by a complete chemical
analysis if drastic changes in salinity is observed.
� Water level measurements taken twice a year in the locations shown
in the attached maps and tables. The proposed monitoring network
is subject to changes upon the feedback of the National Coordinators of the concerned countries.
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
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Nubian SAP Agreement
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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The Vision for the NSAS
� To assure rational and equitable management of
the NSAS for sustainable socio-economic
development and the protection of biodiversity
and land resources whilst ensuring no
detrimental effects on the shared aquifer
countries.
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E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
� Section 2: Description and importance of the NSAS- presents a brief summary of the natural and human resources of the region and
summarises the socio-economic pressures on the NSAS.
� Section 3: Approach adopted to SADA/SAP preparation- the
preparation of the SADA and SAP has followed the GEF best
practices in identifying and prioritising the key transboundary issues and their causes, leading to a common vision for the future use and
protection of the NSAS.
� Section 4: Strategy for protecting the water resources and
ecosystem of the NSAS- presents the agreed management
principles for managing the shared aquifer and defines water resources and ecosystem objectives that though the defined
management actions will ensure that the Joint Authority and national
institutions are better resourced (human capacity and facilities) to address the transboundary issues.
6
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E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
� Section 5: Legal and institutional framework for SAP implementation- provides an analysis on the Joint Authority's
agreements and assesses the compatibility of these to implement
the SAP
� Section 6: Monitoring and evaluation of SAP implementation-
following best practices identified in GEF projects, process, stress reduction and ecosystem/socio-economic indicators are identified
that could be utilised by the Joint Authority (and National agencies)
to monitor the progress of SAP implementation.
� Section 7: Next steps- this SAP provides an overview of actions that
are needed at the regional level or are shared by the NSAS countries. However there is a future need to develop detailed
National Action Plans to implement national actions. In addition
more details and full cost-benefit assessments are required on the Management Actions (Annex 1) to assess the efficacy of the various
options and to identify sources and level of finances required.
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Nubian Aquifer State of the Water
(SOW) Reports
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Whole Aquifer Indicators Units
Water & Availability
Internal Renewable Groundwater (IRG) BCM/Year
Total Exploitable Non-Renewable Ground Water Resources BCM/Year
Country’s Area Inside The Aquifer km2 (Mapped)
Potential Volume for Each Country BCM
Inflow to Each Country BCM/Year
Outflow from Each Country BCM/Year
Pieozometric Water Heads Meters (Mapped)
Depth from water to Basement/ Confining Layer (Unconfined Aquifer) Meters (Mapped)
Depth to Water Table (Unconfined Aquifer) Meters (Mapped)
Depth to Pieozometric Surface (Confined Aquifer) Meters (Mapped)
Depth to the bottom of confined layer (Confined aquifer) Meters (Mapped)
Water & Uses
Withdrawals from Blue Groundwater BCM/Year
Annual Withdrawals from Exploitable Non-Renewable Groundwater BCM/Year
Accumulative Withdrawals from Exploitable Non-Renewable Groundwater BCM/Year
Extraction Zones of The Aquifer Numbers/ Mapped
Annually Observed Drawdown (Average & Mapped) Meters
Water & Land Use Change
Total Irrigated Agricultural Land ha
Total Rainfed Agricultural Land ha
Total Pasture Area ha
Total Forests Area ha
Urban Encroachment on Agricultural Land ha/Year
The Decrease in Groundwater Recharge caused by Urban Encroachment BCM/Year
Aquifer SOW Indicators
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������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������Water Resources Management Programme
Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Whole Aquifer Indicators Units
Water & Population
Total Aquifer bound and dependent population Number
Internal Renewable Water Resources Per Capita CM/Capita
Groundwater Withdrawal Per Capita CM/Capita
Renewable Water Resources per Capita (for the whole country population)
Water & Quality
Concentration of Chloride in The Aquifers Domain PPM/ Mapped
Nitrate Concentration PPM/ Mapped
Electric Conductivity 1/OHM (S/M)
Total Dissolved Solids PPM/ Mapped
Fluoride Concentration PPM/ Mapped
Water & Ecosystems
Number of Groundwater Based Ecosystems Number
Number of RAMSAR Wetlands in The Aquifer Domain Number
Number of Endangered Species Number
Number of Invasive Species Number
Water & Governance
IWRM Plan (Yes/No) Yes/No
Well Permits to date CM/Capita
Volumetric Groundwater Rights BCM/Year
Unlicensed Groundwater Abstractions BCM/Year
Water & Politics
Dependency Ratio of Each Riparian Country %
Bilateral / Multilateral Agreements & Cooperation Protocol or MOUs Between Riparians Number
Presence of Other Transboudray Bodies in Riparian Countries Number
Presence of other Water Resources BCM/Year
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E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Geographical Extent of NAS & PNAS
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������Water Resources Management Programme
Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
1. WATER & AVAILABILITY
7
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������Water Resources Management Programme
Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ������Water Resources Management Programme
Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Theoretically Possible Annual Non Renewable Water Resources (100 years Utilization, 50 m maximum drawdown
Porosity: 14%, 15,000 BCM
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E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
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-20.0
10
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5025
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-25
025
150
125
100
75
5025
0
0
25100200
400
-50
14° 1
4°
16° 1
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18° 1
8°
20° 2
0°
22° 2
2°
24° 2
4°
26° 2
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28° 2
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2°
18°
20°
20°
22°
22°
24°
24°
26°
26°
28°
28°
30°
30°
32°
32°
34°
34°
M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a
Red
Sea
Egypt
Libya
SudanChad
L A K
E
N
Ni le
Riv
e r
50
25
0
0
-25
Initial Water Level
of PNAS (1960)
Initial Water Level
of NAS (1960)
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Egypt
Libya
SudanChad
L A K E
N
A S
E R
Nile
Riv
er
14° 1
4°
16° 1
6°
18
° 18°
20
° 20
°
22
° 22
°
24
° 24
°
26
° 26°
28
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20°
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22°
24°
24°
26°
26°
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28°
30°
30°
32°
32°
34°
34°
M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a
Red
Sea
96. 06
84. 70
80.50
42.76
73.09
67. 76
52. 40
82. 80
96. 50
53.00
337. 00238. 40 253. 77
231. 00
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130. 29
242. 00
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146.50
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148. 92
145.90138.60
126.10
132. 99
152. 85
125. 87
162. 55
112. 50
134. 10
247.97
257. 00
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138. 60
-57.00
145.40
257. 00
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135.25
107. 00
154.00
137. 40
410. 88
412.16424. 57
400. 44
387.75
376. 00
435. 00
277. 00
500. 00
460.00
529. 00
376. 60
529. 00
277. 10
269. 10
307.02
286. 60
296. 64
251. 21
235.97
615.00
189. 63
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823. 50
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207.00
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688. 40
623.50
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521. 00504.00
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324.00
718. 80
509.00
675.40
247. 00
627. 00
510.00
1171. 00
600
500
250
200
400
500
300
350
150
200
550
10
0
-50
110
01
0 00
900
750
0
700
650
500
450
100
40
0
300
200
150
50
100
497. 00
100
50
250
300
350
400
550600
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500
450
400
350
200
250
150
450
400
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
-800000 -600000 -400000 -200000 0 200000 400000 600000 800000
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Nort h Sari r
South Sar ir
W es t Sarir
El Far af ra
Siwa
J alo- Ojla
Aswan
AlexandriaPort Said
SuezCairo
Benghazi
KhartoumOmdurman
Tubruq
Ajdabiya
Tazerbo
Al Jawf
AwjilahJalu
Al Jaghbub
Selima Oasis
Dongola
Siwa
Mut
Farafra
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Bahareya
Rebyana
Matan Bishara
Matan As Sarra
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Uzi
Biltine
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-200
-100
0
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200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
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Scenario 2 (Nubian) depth to water 2000
Nubian Depth to Water in 2000
8
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Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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-600000
-400000
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El Far af ra
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Benghazi
KhartoumOmdurman
Tubruq
Ajdabiya
Tazerbo
Al Jawf
AwjilahJalu
Al Jaghbub
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Farafra
Kharga
Bahareya
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Karima
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Owienat W30
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Wadi Howar
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Derna
Matrouh
Bir Misaha
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Bir Safsaf
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-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
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Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
WATER & USES
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
GW Depletion in Aljawf, Libya
11-2001 6-2012
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E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
NSAS Development Patterns - EGYPT
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
PNSAS Development Patterns - EGYPT
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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NSAS Development Patterns - LIBYA
9
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E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
PNSAS Development Patterns - LIBYA
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Figure (5.19) - Water Level Hydrographs of Observation Wells
in Kharga Oasis
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00Year
Wate
r E
levatio
n in
m f
rom
sea le
vel
Umm El-Qusur El Malaa El-Kharga 8
Garmashin 23 West Sanddune Baris 20
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E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Figure (5.21) - Water Level Hydrographs of Observation Wells in
Dakhla Oasis
120.00
125.00
130.00
135.00
140.00
145.00
150.00
155.00
160.00
66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00
Year
Wate
r Ele
vatio
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sea le
vel
Qur El Malek Mut Airport
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Cumulative Withdrawals From NSAS and PNSAS in Egypt (MCM)
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E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Cumulative Withdrawals From NSAS and PNSAS in Libya (MCM)
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Total Cumulative Withdrawals From NSAS and PNSAS in Egypt and Libya (MCM)
10
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
WATER & QUALITY
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
#
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Ni le
Riv
er
24
° 24
°
26
° 26°
28° 2
8°
30° 3
0°
32
° 32
°
18° 20° 22° 24° 26° 28° 30° 32° 34°
M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a
Red
Sea
45.5
42.042.057.5
50.0
42.531.5
26.0
72.0
51.5 36.054.5
42.525.8
70.0
60.048.5
33.572.7
54.5
0.3
1.690.0
1.586.0
100.075.0
2.1 2.642.522.0
24.09.05.5
15.0
70.040.0
0.7
0.1
1.22.0
0.35.5
1.8
0.1
0.6
1.6
139.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
50.0
60.0
50.0
12.0
130.0
4.0
38.0
5.0
2.8
1.0
6.0
87.0
185.0
7.0
65.0
9.1
19.0
72.0
17.5
225.0
10
50100
150
200
50
100
50
10
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50
100
Water Quality of NSAS (Chloride Concentration)
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
WATER & ECOSYSTEMS
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
Siwa Lake, Egypt
2-12-2003 12-19-2012
Web: www.cedare.org
E-mail: [email protected] إدارة ا���ارد ا������
Water Resources ManagementWeb: water.cedare.int
E-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
SDG 6.5.2 Alternative
� I-15-5- Ratio of Riparian Countries with Agreements to Riparian Countries: The number of riparian
countries, with water Benefit Sharing and/or Water Cooperation bilateral and/or multilateral agreements with
the concerned country, as a percentage of the number of countries that are riparians to existing transboundary aquifers or river basins shared with that
country. (riparian countries may be recounted as many times as the number of different transboundary
aquifer/river basins they may be sharing with the concerned country)
Web: water.cedare.intE-mail: [email protected]
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Copyright © 2017, Khaled M. AbuZeid, CEDARE
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