what is it? electricity is created inside the atom. each substance is made up of atoms. atoms...

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Page 4: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Electrons can move from one atom to another.

When one electron jumps from one to another, another electron must move.

When electrons move quickly from one atom to another, the result is electricity!!

Page 5: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

All object possess an electrical charge.

A charge can either be positive or negative depending on the quantity of

protrons and electrons.

Remember that all electrons

possess a negative charge!

Charges??

Page 6: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Charges??Protons are in the nucleus and have a positive charge.

Atoms having more electronsthan protons will have _________ charge.

++

+

-

--

-

-

--

--

Page 7: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Atoms that possess more protons than electrons will have a ______ charge.

• Determine the charge on these two atoms.

10 electrons 2 electrons 5 protons 5 protons

Charges??

+

+

+

+

+

-

-

-

-

+

Page 8: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 9: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Two objects with opposite charges will

Two objects with the same charges will

attract.

repel.

Page 10: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Opposite charges

will attract

Like charges will repel

Page 11: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 12: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Static Electricity

Static electricity is a charge that stays on the surface of an object.

The electrons move between the objects whenthey come in contact withone another.

Page 13: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Static electricity • Before rubbing the balloon in your hair, the two objects (your body and the balloon) are neutral (the quantity of protons are equal to the number of

electrons. )• After rubbing the balloon in your

hair, the electrons move from your hair to the balloon.

Page 14: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Remember!! PROTONS do not move!!!

• Your hair looses their electrons and the hair has a POSITIVE CHARGE.

Static electricity

Page 15: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 16: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Static electricity

• Each strand is now POSITIVE. Like charges push themselves apart and so that each strand now separates itself from one another.

Page 17: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 18: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Insulators and Conductors

- What are they?

Page 19: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Conductors• A conductor is a material that allows

electric currant to travel easily through it.

• Metals are good conductors.

• Examples: copper, gold, aluminum, brass, silver, stainless steel.

Page 20: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Conductors

Conductors allow electrical

currents to travel easily

because there is a lot of space for the

electrons to move.

Page 21: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Insulators

•An insulator is a material that does not allow electrical currants to travel easily through it.

•Examples: plastic, rubber, glass, wood.

Page 22: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Insulators

Insulatorsblock the

electrons so they they have difficultytravelling through

the material.

Page 23: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 24: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Why is static electricity worse in winter?

Page 25: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Static electricity and winter

•Cold air becomes much drier in winter.

•There are less molecules of water in the air during winter.

•This aggravates the problem of static electricity.

Page 26: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

•Dry air is an insulator, so it does not attract negative charges in our body.

•Normal air is a weak conductor, so a lot of our negative charges are attracted to the air during the other seasons.

Page 27: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

•During winter, static electricity accumulates on our clothes and on painted and polished surfaces.

•Electrons wait until they find a source of protons, and then ZAP!!!

Page 28: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

• Charging by friction

• Charging by contact

• Charging by induction

Page 30: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 31: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

The conductivity of solids

Conductors

Electrons can travel easily

high conductivity

Insulators

Very difficult for electrons to travel

high resistance

rubber

wood

pure water

metal

copper

SUPER CONDUCTORS SEMI INSOLATORSCONDUCTEURS CONDUCTORS

salt water

silver

the Earth the hum

an body

cotton

Page 33: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Electrostatic substances

• NEGATIVE~Objects which gain electrons ~ platinum, gold, rubber,

plastique

Page 35: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

The principal of conservation of charge

• Electrons can neither be created nor destroyed.

• Electrons can move when two objects are in contact but the original number of electrons always stays constant.

Page 36: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 37: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

•Charge it!- Read page 298 - 299 from

textbook.

Page 38: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Charging objects by FRICTION

• When two objects enter in contact many times (friction), the electrons leave one object et enter another.

A B

Page 39: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Charging objects by FRICTION

• Object A acquiers a charge

• Object B acquiers a charge

Ex: Balloon/comb in your hair

Page 40: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 41: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

•The two objects were not already charged but now become charged during the process.

•The two objects possess opposite charges in the end, as the electrons left one object and went to the other.

Page 42: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

List of electrostatic substances

• Acetate• Glass• Wool• Cat hair, human hair• Calcium, magnesium, lead• Silk• Aluminum, zinc• Cotton• Wax• Ebony• Plastic• Carbon, copper, nickel• Rubber• Sulphur• Platinum, gold

Gives away it’s electrons easily

Increasing tendancy to gain electrons

Electrons shared with great difficulty

Page 43: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Reflection questions

• A silk shirt and a pair of wool socks are placed in a dryer. What type of electrical charge will the silk shirt have after being rub with the wool socks? Explain your answer.

• What are the best types of brushes to use in winter: plastic or aluminum? Support your answers.

Page 44: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 45: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Lab demonstration –

what is happening?

Page 46: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Charging objects by CONDUCTION (contact)

• If an object which is already charged TOUCHES a conductor, the electrons will be transfered between the two objects.

Ex: your body and the door knob

Page 47: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Conduction ~ Negative charge

Negative charge

Conductor: carries a negative charge, which means there are more electrons in the conductor

than in the object.

When the conductor touches the object, the electrons will leave the conductor and enter the object.

In the end, the object will have a negative charge

charge négativeNEUTRAL

Page 48: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Conduction ~ Positive charge

+

+NEUTRAL

Conductor: carries a positive charge, which means there are less electrons in the conductor

than the object.

When the conductor touches the object, the electrons will leave the

object and will enter the conductor .

In the end, the object will have a positive charge.

Page 49: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Conduction

Before

During

After

Page 50: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Why do we feel a shock when we walk across carpet?

When you walk acrossthe carpet, the electrons leavethe carpet and attach to your body. Now your body hasextra electrons. When you

touch a doorknob, the electronstransfer to the knob. ZAP!

You feel a discharge of electrons!!

Page 51: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 52: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 53: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Qu’est-ce que c’est?

Les éclairs sont des coups de foudre (bolt) produits par un orage (thunderstorm).

Les orages produisent toujours les éclairs,et ils sont très dangereux. Si vous pouvezentendre le tonnerre, c’est une situationdangereuse.

Page 54: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Qu’est-ce qui cause les éclairs?

• Les éclairs sont des courantes électriques.

À l’intérieur des nuages orageux dans le ciel, il y a plusieurs morceaux de glace (gouttes de pluie gélées). Ces morceaux se frappent pendant qu’ils se déplacent dans l’aire.

Ces collisions causent un courant électrique.

Page 55: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Qu’est-ce qui cause les éclairs?

Après du temps, le nuage est rempli avec des chargesélectriques.

Les charges positives (protons) forment en

haut du nuage, et les charges négativesforment en bas du nuage.

Page 56: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Qu’est-ce qui cause les éclairs?

Les charges contraires s'attirent, alors les protons

(positives) s’alignent sur le terre sous la nuage.

Page 57: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Qu’est-ce qui cause les éclairs?

La charge électrique est concentré sur des choses qui sont hautes (plus haute que la terre) comme des montagnes, arbres ou

personnes.

Page 58: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Qu’est-ce qui cause les éclairs?

Les protons dans ces hautes pointes réagissent avec les électrons négatives, ensuite ZAP! Le foudroiement (lightning strikes!)!

ZAP!!ZAP!!

ZAP!!ZAP!!

ZAP!!ZAP!!

Page 59: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 60: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Les Faits Intéressants

Qu’est-ce que c’est la température des éclairs?

La température des éclairs estenviron 30 000 dégrés Celcius,qui est six fois plus chaud que

lasurface du Soleil!!

Page 61: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Les Faits Intéressants

Quelle couleur, leséclairs sont-elles?

Les éclairs sont claires ou

blanc-jaune, dépanadant de l’arrière-plan.

Page 62: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Les Faits IntéressantsComment peut-on déterminer la

distanceentre nous autres et l’orage?

Il faut compter la quantité de secondes entreles éclairs et le tonnerre.

Diviser ce nombre par 5 pour calculer la quantitéde milles, ensuite multiplier par ~1,6 pour calculerla quantité de kilomètres.

Exemple: 10 seconds entre les éclairs et la tonnerre:

10/5 = 2 x 1,6 = 3,2 kilomètres

Page 63: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Les Faits Intéressants

Qu’est-ce qui cause le tonnerre?

• Le tonnerre est causé par les éclairs.

• Quand un éclair quitte le nuage et voyage à la terre, il ouvre un petit trou qui s’appelle un canal.

Page 64: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Les Faits Intéressants

• Après que la lumière est disparue, l’aire s’enfonde (collapses) sur soi-même. Cette action cause une onde acoustique – le tonnerre.

La raison qu’on voit les éclairs avant d’entendre le tonnerre est que la lumière voyage plus rapidement que les sons.

BOOM!!BOOM!!

Les éclairs

gagnent!!

Page 65: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 66: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 67: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

La Conduction Électrique

• La Conduction est la mouvement des électrons à travers une substance.

• Le mouvement des électrons s’appelle le Courant Électrique.

Page 68: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Sommes-nous des Conducteurs?

• Tout ce qu’on fait est dépendant sur l’électricité qui voyage autour de nos corps.

• Les messages voyagent constamment à et de nos cerveaux.

• Ces messages voyagent comme l’électricité!!

Page 69: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Sommes-nous des Conducteurs?

• Les êtres humaines sont des conducteurs. Ca c’est pourquoi on reçoit des chocs électriques.

• Si le courant électrique est assez grand, on peut être blessé ou tué.

Page 70: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 71: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Conduction

À la fin du conduction, les deux objets possèdent les

mêmes charges.

Page 72: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 73: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

LA RÉCHERCHE INDÉPENDANTE

Après qu’on frotte un ballon dans nos cheveux, le ballon se colle au mur

pendant quelques secondes. Pourquoi?

Page 74: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

•Imagine que quelqu’un a frotté le ballon dans ses cheveux.

•Maintenant le ballon porte une charge négative, et ses cheveux sont positives.

•Quand le ballon négatif s’approche le mur, les électrons dans le ballon rose se répoussent, en laissant les charges positives à côté du ballon.

Page 75: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Ballon AVANT ~ neutre

Le électrons quittent les cheveux et entrent

le ballon

Page 76: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Les cheveux portent une charge POSITIVE

Ballon APRÈS ~ négative

Page 77: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Les électrons dans le ballon sont attirées aux protons dans le mur. Les

électrons dans le mur sont repousées, alors les protons

restent.

L’attraction entre les électrons et les protons

permet le ballonde se coller au mur

Page 78: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

• Le ballon rose se colle avec le mur car les charges similaires s’attirent

• Les électrons vont commencer de quitter le ballon et vont entrer le mur.

• Cela va continuer jusqu’au temps que la quantité d’électrons est égale dans les deux objets.

• Le ballon tombera quand le mur porte la même charge nette (overall) que le ballon rose.

Page 79: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Quand les deux objets possèdent la même

charge le ballon tombera

Page 80: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 81: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

L’INDUCTION ÉLECTROSTATIQUE

• Les 2 objets ne TOUCHENT JAMAIS, ils s’approchent seulement

• À cause qu’il n’y a pas de connexion, les électrons ne vont pas passer d’un objet à une autre, ils vont DÉPLACER DANS les deux objets eux-mêmes

Page 82: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Regardons!!

Page 83: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Charger des objets par L’INDUCTION ÉLECTROSTATIQUE

• OBJET A (déjà chargée) approche OBJET B (un conducteur), mais ne le touche pas.

• Les charges opposés vont se repousser, et la partie d’OBJET B qui est proche à OBJET A aura la charge opposée.

• L’autre côté d’OBJET B aura la même charge que OBJET A

• Une exemple: Les éclairs

Page 84: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 85: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 86: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Les Électroscopes• Les électroscopes

possèdent des feuilles métalliques (très légères) au dessous.

• Les feuilles métalliques sont attachées à une tige métallique avec une sphère métallique en haut.

Feuilles métalliques

Tige métallique

Sphère métallique

Page 87: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Une électroscope

Métal positive

Feuilles métaliiques

Tige métallique

Sphère métallique

L’électroscope est neutre avant d’être chargé. Cela veut dire qu’il y a la même quantité de protons et d’électrons dans l’électroscope.

Page 88: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Décrivons ce qui arrive…• Un objet chargé positivement s’approche

• Les électrons sont attirées, alors ils voyagent au sommet

• Une charge positive reste dans les deux feuilles. Ils se repoussent, et les tiges se lèvent

Page 89: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Décrivons ce qui arrive…

• Une objet chargée négativement s’approche

• Les électrons sont repoussées alors ils voyagent au fond.

• Une charge négative est crée dans les deux feuilles. Ils se repoussent, et les tiges se lèvent

Décrivons ce qui arrive…

Page 90: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

• On peut seulement déterminer la charge sur les feuilles de l’électroscope si on sait déjà la charge sur l’objet qui l’approche.

• Un objet négatif s’approche:~ la sphère devient positive~ les tiges deviennent négatives

• Un objet positif s’approche:~ la sphère devient négative~ les tiges deviennent positives

Une électroscope

Page 91: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 92: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Regardons!!

Page 93: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Regardons!

Page 94: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 95: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Plus avancée…

Page 96: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Plus avancée…

Page 97: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Le Générateur Van de Graff• Le générateur van de Graff est un

appareil qui peut créer et accumuler (build up) une charge électrique sur une sphère métallique.

• Le charge est produit par la friction entre un courroie (belt) en caoutchouc et un rouleur (roller).

• La charge sur le courroie est transfert à la sphère par une brosse.

Page 98: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Danger!! Surtension!! • Le générateur van de

Graff peut créer une charge de 50 000 volts!

• Cette charge est assez forte pour créer des décharges électriques dans son environ

• Les décharges excitent les molécules d’air, en formant la lumière.

Page 99: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Regardons!! Regardons!!

Page 100: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Regardons!!

Page 101: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

L’utilisation de l’induction dans la vie réelle

• La peinture électrisé

• Les précipitateurs électrostatiques

• À faire ~ Choisir un sujet (p.317) ensuite décrire ce qui arrive et comment l’induction l’aide.

Page 102: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 103: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

Comment est-ce l’électricité statique est utilisée pour faire fonctionner un photocopieuse?

Page 104: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons
Page 105: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

La Mise à la Terre (grounding)• Les électrons vont toujours « choisir » la route

qui leur donne la moins de résistance (plus facile).

• Ex: s’il y avait un « choix » entre un fil fait de cuivre et un fil fait d’argent, le courant électrique va passer par la fil fait d’argent (meilleur conducteur = moins de résistance).

• Les fils qui font la mise à la terre donnent une route moins résistante pour le courant électrique

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La Mise à la Terre (grounding)

• Les corps vivants sont des bonnes conducteurs, mais ils ne sont pas des meilleurs conducteurs.

• Les fils dans nos maisons donnent une route peu résistante pour le courant électrique.

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Si quelqu’un touche un fils qui ne

possède pas une prise de terre

(grounding wire), leur corps sera la meilleure route pour le courant

électrique, et la personne sera électrocutée

La Mise à la Terre (grounding)

Page 108: What is it? Electricity is created inside the atom. Each substance is made up of atoms. Atoms contain a nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

La Mise à la Terre (grounding)

Si quelqu’un touche un fils qui

possède uneprise de terre, ce fils

sera la meilleure route pour le courant

électrique, et la personne ne sera

pas électrocutée

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Pourquoi est-ce que les oiseaux ne deviennent pas

électrocutés quand ils perchent sur les fils?

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• Les fils électriques contiennent des fils qui font la mise à terre.

• Cela veut dire que ce route possède moins de résistance électrique.

• L’électricité va choisir de voyager dans la route moins résistante, alors les corps des oiseaux ne seront pas affectées

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Comment fonctionnent les paratonnerres?

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• Si le courant électrique d’un éclair frappe une édifice, il rencontre beaucoup de résistance, ce qui cause un feu

• Une paratonnerre est fait de métal, alors c’est un conducteur. Elle donne une route sans résistance pour le courant électrique.

• Les paratonnerres ont des fils qui sont liées à la Terre, alors le courant est donnée au sol, et l’édifice n’est pas endommagé/brulé.

Comment fonctionnent les paratonnerres?

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Comment fonctionnent les câbles de démarrage (jumper

cables)?

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Comment fonctionnent les câbles de démarrage (jumper

cables)?• On doit lier les fils rouges entre les

deux autos.

• Un côté du fils noir est attaché à la batterie qui marche.

• L’autre côté du fils noir est attaché à quelque chose métallique sur le moteur du voiture qui ne marche pas.

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• Cette situation donne une route de mise à terre. Les électrons peuvent voyager des batteries à la voiture, ensuite à la terre.

• Les personnes qui attachent les cables ne seront pas electrocutés car une route moins résistante (que leur corps) à la terre était crée.

Comment fonctionnent les câbles de démarrage (jumper

cables)?

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Est-ce que l’air est un conducteur ou un isolant?

• D’habitude, l’air est un isolant.

• Si deux objets possèdent des charges qui sont très grandstrès grands, la puissance de leur intégration peut décomposer des molécules d’aire (en pos et nég).

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Est-ce que l’air est un conducteur ou un isolant?

• Les molécules d’aire deviennent chargés, qui fournit une route pour les électrons. Dans ce cas, l’aire est un conducteur.

• Exemple: les éclairs

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Comment est-ce que les étincelles (sparks) sont

formées?

• Les molécules d’air doivent être ionisées (décomposées en ions positives et négatives) premièrement.

• Les ions forment un canal qui laisse les étincelles voyager dans l’air.

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