WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES?

A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state

entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed

seas.

KAZAKHSTAN

• Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan,

and Turkmenistan

• Kazakhstan is a member of the United Nations, WTO, CIS, the Eurasian

Economic Union, CSTO, SCO, OSCE, OIC, and TURKSOY.

CIS - Commonwealth of Independent States

CSTO - Collective Security Treaty Organization

OSCE - Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

TURKSOY - International Organization of Turkic Culture

COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY ORGANIZATION

• An intergovernmental military alliance that was signed on 15

May 1992

UKATNY ISLAND•Ukatnyy or Ukatny is an island in the northern Caspian

Sea. It is located off the eastern end of the mouths of

the Volga

•According to Russia administratively this island belongs

to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but

Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its

historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region

VOZROZHDENIYA ISLAND

• The former island's territory is split between Uzbekistan and

Kazakhstan. In 1954, the Soviet Union constructed a biological

weapons test site called Aralsk-7 there and on the neighboring

Komsomolskiy Island

• Aral Sea - The shrinking of the Aral Sea has been called "one of

the planet's worst environmental disasters"

BAIKONUR COSMODROME

• Baikonur Cosmodrome is the world's first and largest

operational space launch facility. The spaceport is located in

the desert steppe of Baikonur, about 200 kilometres (124 mi)

east of the Aral Sea and north of the river Syr Darya.

• The spaceport is currently leased by the Kazakh Government

to Russia until 2050, and is managed jointly by the Roscosmos

State Corporation and the Russian Aerospace Forces.

NOTES

• Both Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, and Vostok 1, the first human

spaceflight, were launched from Baikonur. The launch pad used for both

missions was renamed Gagarin's Start in honor of Russian Soviet

cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, pilot of Vostok 1 and first human in space.

IAEA OPENS WORLD’S FIRST LOW ENRICHED URANIUM BANK IN KAZAKHSTAN

MAJOR RIVERS OF KAZAKHSTAN

• Turgai - Located in the TurgaiValley of Kazakhstan is The Turgai

River with an average water flow of about nine cubic meters per

second and drains its water into the endorheic basin.

• Irtyish - The Irtysh is a river which is also the main tributary of the

Ob River which passes through Russia, China, and Kazakhstan.

• Ishim - The Ishim River passes through both Kazakhstan and

Russia. The Ishim River is a tributary of the Irtysh River and is

slightly navigable.

ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN

•The economy of Kazakhstan is the largest economy in

Central Asia.

•GDP - Increase$461 billion (PPP, 2016)

• Increase$218billion (nominal, 2016)

REASON

INDIA-KAZAKHSTAN RELATIONS

• Prabal Dostyk 2017 – Joint military exercise between India and

Kazakhstan concluded

• The exercise was held in cantonment town of Bakloh in

Himachal Pradesh

• Prabal Dostyk which means “Robust Friendship,” began in 2016.

The first edition of the exercise took place in Karaganda,

Kazakhstan.

HIGHLIGHTS OF INDIA- KAZAKHSTAN RELATIONS

After the independence of Kazakhstan from

erstwhile USSR, India was one of the first nations

to recognize Kazakhstan as an independent state.

Diplomatic relations were established in February

1992.

• Kazakhstan is India largest trading partner in Central Asia.

Bilateral trade during April-Dec 2015 stood at US$ 412.39

million.

• The exports from India to Kazakhstan during this period

amounted to US$ 113.16 million and exports from Kazakhstan

to India were US$ 299.23 million. Major products exported to

• Kazakhstanare pharmaceuticals and medical products, tea,

machinery & equipment and raw tobacco. Major products

imported by India are oil, uranium, asbestos and titanium.