what kind of metrology do we need in 2010? developments in germany and europe

What Kind of MetrologyDo We Need in 2010?Developments in Germany and Europe

Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Manfred KochsiekVice PresidentPhysikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltBraunschweig and Berlin

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Why 2010?Why 2010?

The world is changing! ... and:

• National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) have to be1-2 years ahead of trends and developmentsin trade, industry and science

• High investments need a lead time of ~ 5 years

Planning for 2010 has to start now!

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QuestionsQuestions

• How can we maintain high-quality metrology whilenational budgets are decreasing? Extend cooperation Strategic planning

• What has to be harmonized in metrology? WTO: “Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade”

updated all 3 years

• What are the challenges for European metrology? Support “Free trade, single market” Identify “metrology customers” ...

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Europe in 2010Europe in 2010

• Europe will have grownto ~ 30 member states

25 EU states+ Bulgaria, Romania (2007)+ Turkey, Croatia (?),4 EFTA states(Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland)

European cooperation becomes increasingly important!

Metrology has tobe maintained

or even extended

National budgets are

decreasing“Metrology dilemma”

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Planning in Metrology Planning in Metrology

Former “academic-oriented” approach:

Expand NMI´s capabilities by– lowering measurement uncertainty– extending measurement range– developing new measurement methods

Modern “efficiency-oriented” approach:

Follow customers´ needs...

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Who are our CustomersWho are our Customersand What can we do for Them?and What can we do for Them?

• Politics consulting of governments maintaining metrological infrastructure dismantling of trade barriers

• Science fundamental research measurement and calibration

on highest level

• Trade + Industry

measurement and calibration testing and certification applied research standardization and harmonization

• Society consumer protection occupational health, environment

and safety

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Metrology in GermanyMetrology in Germany

Realization of the unitsRealization of the units

85 verification bodies

350testing centres

> 120 Mio. measurement

units

85 verification bodies

350testing centres

> 120 Mio. measurement

units

Traceability

Dissemination of the units Dissemination of the units

10 000 000 calibrations within industry

250 000 calibrations by DKD for industry

3500 calibrationsby PTB for DKD

Ruhrgas AG

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PTB -PTB -The National Metrology Institute of The National Metrology Institute of GermanyGermany

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt• highest technical authority under the auspices of the

Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour (BMWA)

• founded 1887 as Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt

• annual budget of ~ 125 Mio. Euros

• ~ 1400 staff members (+ 300)

Mission PTB stands for progress and reliability in metrology for the benefit of society, trade, industry, and science.

VisionPTB wants to be the worldwide highest center of competence in the field of metrology as a partner and service provider.

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History of PTBHistory of PTB

Hermann von Helmholtz

1887 Foundation of the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (PTR) inBerlin (H. v. Helmholtz and W. v.Siemens)

1923 Incorporation of the Reichsanstalt fürMaß und Gewicht(Weights and Measures Office)

1946 Rebuilding of PTR in Berlin1950 Foundation of PTB in Braunschweig1953 Affiliation of PTR to PTB as

“Berlin Institute”1977 Foundation of DKD (German Calibration

Service) by government and industry 1990 Incorporation of the metrology section of the ASMW of the former GDR into PTB2002 Close-down of ASMW site in Berlin

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Sites of PTBSites of PTB

Braunschweig

Berlin+

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Profile of TasksProfile of Tasks

• Fundamentals of metrology Realization and dissemination of the SI units

• Metrology for economyIncreasing the efficiency of economy, safeguarding of employment

• Metrology for societyPromotion of consumer protection, safeguarding of living conditions

• International affairsRemoval of technical barriers to trade, unification of metrology

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What Makes PTB DifferentWhat Makes PTB Different

• PTB is not a typical authority 60 % research / development

25 % calibration / services15 % consultation

• PTB is not a typical research institute fundamental research work is necessary for

development, calibration, services, consultingto be done on highest level

PTB´s tasks are stipulated by ~ 30 laws and regulations

• PTB is not a typical authority 60 % research / development

25 % calibration / services15 % consultation

• PTB is not a typical research institute fundamental research work is necessary for

development, calibration, services, consultingto be done on highest level

PTB´s tasks are stipulated by ~ 30 laws and regulations

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Legal Tasks of PTBLegal Tasks of PTB

Staff resources15 % for the legally regulated field

Total revenues 5,5 Mio. € / year

plus 1,5 Mio. € / year (approvals of gambling machines)

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Customers´ NeedsCustomers´ NeedsExample “Time”Example “Time”

quartz clock

10 -8

process control

10 -11

state-of-the-artatomic clock

10 -14

navigation by satellite ± 1 m

initial fundamental research

advancedatomic clocks

10 -17

Reducing Measurement Uncertainty

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> 20 MNlittle need

Customers´ NeedsCustomers´ NeedsExample “Force”Example “Force”

Textile industry

Metrology in medicine

1 N10 N

100 N1 kN

10 kN100 kN

1 MN10 MN

100 MN

Aircraft industry

Surface mining

Space technology

Off-shore industry

Materials testing / Safety engineering

Automobile industry

Material-handling industry

Automatic control

Force scale of PTB1 N 16.5 MN

< 1 N down to µNgrowing need: micro actors forces for micro assembly

Extending Measurement Range for dissemination / traceability

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AFM

Typical applications of small forces

Force in Newton

10-9 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10310-2 10-1 100 101 102

Stylus systems

Atomic Force Microscopes

New PTB FacilityPTB ForceStandard Machines

Hardness measuring

Coordinate measuring


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Piezoelectrical adjustment device

Force transducer(to be investigated)

Electrodynamic force compensation balance

Levermecha-

nismCoil

Magnet

Positionsensor

Equipment for force range 1 mN to 5 N


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Metrology ForesightMetrology Foresight

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Predictions may Fail...Predictions may Fail...

because

1. Innovation is not accepted:“Adaptive light”, moving automobile headlight,

~ 1955 invented by Citroen, re-invented 2005

2. Innovation is misjudged:"You could put in this room... all the radiotelephone

apparatus that the country will ever need”W. W. Dean, President Dean Telephone Company (1907)

"I think there is a world market for about five computers”

Th. Watson, Chairman of IBM (1943)

"640k ought to be enough for anybody” Bill Gates (1981)

“Prediction is very difficult,especially about the future”

Nils Bohr

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How to Recognize ChallengesHow to Recognize Challenges

• Political guidelines

• Contacts with industry, trade, society and science (“bottom-up”)

• Technical seminars, meetings and conferences (national, regional, international)

• Co-operations

• Expert’s reports (evaluations on NMI performance)

• Advice (board of trustees, advisory council)

• Strategic and foresight studies

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• Co-operations




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Modernization of Legal Metrology in Modernization of Legal Metrology in GermanyGermany

Political guidelines• Entrust private bodies with technically orientated tasks• Implementation of the MID• Globalization (MAA of the OIML)

Necessary steps• Market surveillance in Europe• New technologies, i.e. assessment procedures for

measuring systems• New measuring devices, i.e. in deregulated fields: gas,

electricity• Sampling test procedures

Political guidelines• Entrust private bodies with technically orientated tasks• Implementation of the MID• Globalization (MAA of the OIML)

Necessary steps• Market surveillance in Europe• New technologies, i.e. assessment procedures for

measuring systems• New measuring devices, i.e. in deregulated fields: gas,

electricity• Sampling test procedures

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numerous personal contacts

publications, conferences, fairs collaboration in bodies (standardisation etc.) internet investigation new internet-based platform for PTB services,

especially for SMEs

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Communication about our workCommunication about our workPTB-own publicationsPTB-own publications

• Annual Reports

• PTB Reports

• PTB Testing Instructions

• PTB Texts

• Monographs

• Annual Reports

• PTB Reports

• PTB Testing Instructions

• PTB Texts

• Monographs

• “PTB-Mitteilungen”

• “PTBnews”

• “maßstäbe”

• Press releases

• Divers brochures

• “PTB-Mitteilungen”

• “PTBnews”

• “maßstäbe”

• Press releases

• Divers brochures

• Internet homepagewww.ptb.de

• Internet homepagewww.ptb.de

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• Co-operations




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Co-operations: PTB and PartnersCo-operations: PTB and Partners

About 270 co-operations between PTB and

• universitiesi.e. prototype of a balance together with theTechnical University Ilmenau

• industryi.e. nanometer comparator together with thecompany Heidenhain

• research institutes

i.e. use of synchrotron radiation @ BESSY II GmbH

About 270 co-operations between PTB and

• universitiesi.e. prototype of a balance together with theTechnical University Ilmenau

• industryi.e. nanometer comparator together with thecompany Heidenhain

• research institutes

i.e. use of synchrotron radiation @ BESSY II GmbH

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Chip LithographyChip Lithography RoadmapRoadmap

Structure sizes and wavelengths of the projected light

Wavelength

Structure Size

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Industry Co-operationIndustry Co-operation PTB Synchrotron Radiation FacilitiesPTB Synchrotron Radiation Facilities

PTB Radiometry Laboratory@ BESSY II

PTB Willy-Wien-Laboratory@ Metrology Light Source

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Industry Co-operationIndustry Co-operation@ @ BESSY IIBESSY II

EUVL collector mirror

Co-operation with the Carl Zeiss SMT AGCharacterization of mirrors for extreme-UV lithography (EUVL) for the next chip generations

EUV lithography

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Industry Co-operationIndustry Co-operationProject „ABBILD“Project „ABBILD“

Aim:Development of new technologiesfor the mask lithography of the future

Aim:Development of new technologiesfor the mask lithography of the future

A 220 Mio. € project of 20 partner from industry and, research institutesA 220 Mio. € project of 20 partner from industry and, research institutes

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• Co-operations




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ReportsReports / Advice / AdviceEvaluation of PTBEvaluation of PTB

2002: An international commission under management ofH. Weule evaluate PTB

Interactive process, sub-commissions

16. Dez. 2002

April until August

April, August, November

3 Meetings with laboratory inspections

Handing over of the evaluation report

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Evaluation of PTBEvaluation of PTBCommission SuggestionsCommission Suggestions

• PTB-internal issues, i.e.- strengthen customer orientation- specify short-, medium- and long-term needs in metrology- sustain high level of of research work, education and

training• Relation between PTB and ministry, i.e.

- improve resources for PTB- allow more flexibility and autonomy for PTB

• PTB and industry, i.e.- promote technology transfer

• Sustain / improve activities in the metrology fields ofradiometry, primary clocks, quantum electronics,lithography, ionizing radiation, molecular medicine, chemistry, and IT

• PTB-internal issues, i.e.- strengthen customer orientation- specify short-, medium- and long-term needs in metrology- sustain high level of of research work, education and

training• Relation between PTB and ministry, i.e.

- improve resources for PTB- allow more flexibility and autonomy for PTB

• PTB and industry, i.e.- promote technology transfer

• Sustain / improve activities in the metrology fields ofradiometry, primary clocks, quantum electronics,lithography, ionizing radiation, molecular medicine, chemistry, and IT

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• Co-operations




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Strategy & ForesightStrategy & Foresight““Health” as the Engine of GrowthHealth” as the Engine of Growth

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Strategy & ForesightStrategy & ForesightKey Technologies Key Technologies 20102010

Microsystems- and Nanotechnology

IT, Mobile Communication, Networking

Biotechnology, Life Science

Electronic/ Microelectronic

Optical Technologies

Internet, Software, Computing

Production engineering

8057

4650

7347

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4636

4538

2418

30

university/researchall

Technologies with the highest innovation potential (VDE 2002)

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Strategy & ForesightStrategy & Foresight Weighing Technology Weighing Technology

Future technology of balances (Delphi Study 1997)

Assessment after “halftime”

1997 – 2005 – 2010

- Gravimetric and volumetric measurement

- Force and weighing sensor

- Online weighing technology

- Accuracy

- New areas: e.g. automotive engineering

- Consumption area: No new development

Assessment after “halftime”

1997 – 2005 – 2010

- Gravimetric and volumetric measurement

- Force and weighing sensor

- Online weighing technology

- Accuracy

- New areas: e.g. automotive engineering

- Consumption area: No new development

Many things are possible! Is there a need?

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• Co-operations



• Strategic and foresight studies in metrology, i.e.- Kaarls Report (BIPM)- Legal Metrology 2020, Birch Study (OIML) - - MERA / iMERA (EU)

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Strategy & ForesightStrategy & ForesightBIPM - Kaarls ReportBIPM - Kaarls Report

Evolving Needs for Metrology in Trade, Industry andSociety and the Role of the BIPM (2003)

Current and new requirements:• Metrology related to the quality of life• Metrology related to monitoring environmental pollution• Metrology in monitoring climate change

New approaches and technologies:• Traceability to SI or internationally agreed references• Application of information technology• New optical/microwave applications (femtosecond lasers)• Lab-on-a-chip, nanotechnology, microbiology• Commercially available quantum-based primary standards

Evolving Needs for Metrology in Trade, Industry andSociety and the Role of the BIPM (2003)

Current and new requirements:• Metrology related to the quality of life• Metrology related to monitoring environmental pollution• Metrology in monitoring climate change

New approaches and technologies:• Traceability to SI or internationally agreed references• Application of information technology• New optical/microwave applications (femtosecond lasers)• Lab-on-a-chip, nanotechnology, microbiology• Commercially available quantum-based primary standards

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Strategy & ForesightStrategy & Foresight Legal MetrologyLegal Metrology - - OIMLOIML

Workshop “Legal Metrology in 2020”(2002, 150 participants, 45 countries)

Visions for social and political developments and technologies

Results for legal metrology

• More harmonization and world wide acceptance is necessary• New technical challenges are caused by the internet• Global market surveillance is necessary• Participation of developing countries• OIML-Mutual Acceptance Agreement (MAA)

Workshop “Legal Metrology in 2020”(2002, 150 participants, 45 countries)

Visions for social and political developments and technologies

Results for legal metrology

• More harmonization and world wide acceptance is necessary• New technical challenges are caused by the internet• Global market surveillance is necessary• Participation of developing countries• OIML-Mutual Acceptance Agreement (MAA)

„Birch Study“ (2003) http://www.oiml.org/publications/birch_study.html

“Benefit of Legal Metrology for the Economy and Society“

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Strategy & ForesightStrategy & Foresight

MERA StudyMERA Study

= “Metrology in the European Research Area”

FP5 project, 2002-2004, 11 NMIs

Main project tasks:• Inventory control of metrological activities• Develop perspectives for European co-operation• Understand various options for the future of the metrology infrastructure in Europe

Main project tasks:• Inventory control of metrological activities• Develop perspectives for European co-operation• Understand various options for the future of the metrology infrastructure in Europe

Motivation:• Necessity to begin with new fields of work• Growing complexity of tasks• Decreasing budgets• Growing number of NMIs in Europe

Motivation:• Necessity to begin with new fields of work• Growing complexity of tasks• Decreasing budgets• Growing number of NMIs in Europe

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Do we need 30 NMIs in Europe?Do we need 30 NMIs in Europe?Possible Future ScenariosPossible Future Scenarios

A - Comprehensive national provision

C - Specialized centers of excellenceB - Selected standard holders

D - Single European Institute

at present

MERA: future situation

www.euromet.org/docs/pubs/docs/Mera_final_report.pdf

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Main tasks:

• Co-ordinate European metrology research in strategicareas

• Establish an ERA outside the Framework Programme, but with the EC, through “Article 169” action (EU treaty)

• Develop structures for execution of a common EuropeanMetrology Research Programme

• Reappraise EUROMET

Main tasks:

• Co-ordinate European metrology research in strategicareas

• Establish an ERA outside the Framework Programme, but with the EC, through “Article 169” action (EU treaty)

• Develop structures for execution of a common EuropeanMetrology Research Programme

• Reappraise EUROMET

MERA follow-up:MERA follow-up:iMERAiMERA

www.euromet.org/projects/imera

“implementing Metrology in the European Research Area”FP6 project, 2005-200720 partners from 14 countries + IRMM

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Where are we now? Where are we now?

Continue with / improve

• Key technologies (Nano- / micro-, optical , energy, ...)

• Fundamental metrology (Quantum electronics, ...)

• “Quality of life” (Metrology in chemistry, medicine physics, ...)

• Industrial use of quantum standards

• Traffic control (Breath alcohol,...)

Started with • Online and Inline measurements

• Metrological information technology (software testing,...)

• Calibration via internet

• Cross linking with other NMI (e.g. NPL) via internet

Continue with / improve

• Key technologies (Nano- / micro-, optical , energy, ...)

• Fundamental metrology (Quantum electronics, ...)

• “Quality of life” (Metrology in chemistry, medicine physics, ...)

• Industrial use of quantum standards

• Traffic control (Breath alcohol,...)

Started with • Online and Inline measurements

• Metrological information technology (software testing,...)

• Calibration via internet

• Cross linking with other NMI (e.g. NPL) via internet

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New Activities - TNew Activities - To Come? o Come?

• Metrology for biotechnology• Genetic engineering• Dimensionless or “soft” metrology (customer satisfaction): Measurement techniques and models which enable the

objective quantification of properties which aredetermined by human perception. The human response may be in any of the five senses: sight, smell, sound, taste and touch.

– Nobel Price 2004 (research on smell)– Request of automobile industry– Issues: Electronic nose, air design, melodiousness– Helmholtz-Symposium 2002 „To Feel or to Measure“

• Metrology for biotechnology• Genetic engineering• Dimensionless or “soft” metrology (customer satisfaction): Measurement techniques and models which enable the

objective quantification of properties which aredetermined by human perception. The human response may be in any of the five senses: sight, smell, sound, taste and touch.

– Nobel Price 2004 (research on smell)– Request of automobile industry– Issues: Electronic nose, air design, melodiousness– Helmholtz-Symposium 2002 „To Feel or to Measure“

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• Biotechnology and biomedical information technology

• Health care and molecular medicine• Dimensional metrology and in-line

measuring technique• Dynamic measurements• Metrology in chemistry• Software validation and data

security• Quantum metrology and

fundamental constants• Nanotechnology and microsystems

Today & Tomorrow Today & Tomorrow New Activities - ExamplesNew Activities - Examples

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IMEKO

CIPM ILAC/IAF

Global Measurement SystemGlobal Measurement System

GlobalMeasurement

SystemTraceability

to the SI

Harmonizedstandards

Harmonizedlegal regulations

Competence of test laboratories and

certification bodies

Exchange ofknowledge

WTO/OIML ISO/IEC

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National Quality InfrastructureNational Quality Infrastructure

ISO 9000, ISO 14000,HACCP, etc

Product Certification,CE, GS, etc

National Standards

International Standards

Testing, Analysis

Investigation

AccreditationISO Guide 62,65, etc

IAF ILAC

ISO 17025

StandardizationISO CODEX

TestingLaboratories

Intercomparisons

Proficiency tests

Metrology

BIPM

traceability

- NMIs- Calibration Labs

National MSTQ System

Reference MaterialsCalibration of Equipment

Certificate

Certification

- products- processes

NationalValue Chains

Legal Metrology

InternationalMSTQ System

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Thank You!Thank You!

„Measure what is measurable, and make measurable what is not so (yet).”

Linked to Galileo Galilei (1564 -1642)

http://www.ptb.de

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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltNational Metrology Institute of Germany

www.ptb.de

what kind of metrology do we need in 2010? developments in germany and europe

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