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HPAC ENGI NEERI NG

W EBCAST:

W HATS UP W I TH 9 0 .1 ?

By Larry Spielvogel, PE January 25, 2007

spielvogel@comcast.net

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WHY IS IT GETTING ATTENTION?90.1 VERSIONS VARY

Standard of care for design Compliance option in IECC in most states

Energy benchmark for green buildingprograms

Such as LEED and Green Globes

Federal building compliance benchmark Federal tax deductions

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ONE BASIC PREMISE OF

THE STANDARD

It requires a variety of means

and measures to enableefficient building operation

Especially controls and powerlimits

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ONE CONSEQUENCE OFTHE STANDARD

It provides and requires a variety ofmeans to waste energy efficiently

This is why so many green and LEED

buildings have high energy use

For example, see the September 2004ASHRAE Journal article LessonsLearned High Performance Buildings

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2007 EDITION ALMOST FINAL

Stringency compared with 2004 Published this summer

Updated Users Manual

Major changes from 90.1-2004 Compliance with 62.1-2004, not 62-1999

Revised lighting allowances Fan & boiler energy reductions

Many mostly minor refinements

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CURRENT MAJOR PROPOSALSBUT NOT YET FINAL

Continuous air barrier

Envelope stringency Fenestration stringency

Fuel & energy pricing Economic assumptions

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ADDENDA FREQUENCY

Now every 18 months

Some combined Publication public reviews

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PRESIDENTIAL REQUESTS

30% stringency increase Relative to 90.1-2004

Performance standard Linked criteria

Complete by 2010

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WHAT YOU CAN DO

Comment on these requests Participate on subcommittees

Comment on addenda Submit continuous maintenance proposals

Request interpretations

Sign up for free e-mails http://www.ashrae.org/publications/detail/14934

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90.1 OPTIONS IN IECC

Building envelope Mechanical systems

Service water heating

Lighting

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CURRENT IECC PROPOSALFOR 2007 SUPPLEMENT

Mechanical systems option

Service water heating option

Lighting option

Envelope not an option

ASHRAE very concerned Attempts to reinstate

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DOE DETERMINATION

Under 1992 EPACT DOE mustdetermine if 90.1-2004 saves energy

If so, states directed to implementcodes at least as stringent in 2 years

Determination imminent

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FEDERAL EPACT 2005

New Federal buildings 30% lower energy consumption

If cost effective beyond 90.1

Commercial building tax deductions 50% lower energy costthan 90.1

Up to $1.80 per sf tax deduction

Special lighting interim rules Just extended to December 2008

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ASHRAE SPC 189 Standard For The Design of High-Performance, Green Buildings Except Low-Rise

Residential Buildings

Purpose: the purpose of this standard is to provideminimum requirements for the design of high-performance, green buildings to:

(A) Balance environmental responsibility,resource efficiency, occupant comfort and wellbeing, and community sensitivity, and

(B) Support the goal of the development that

meets the needs of the present withoutcompromising the ability of future generations tomeet their own needs.

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HPAC ENGI NEERI NG

W EBCAST

W HATS UP W I TH 6 2 .1 ?

By Mark S. Lentz, PE

January 25, 2007mlentz@lentzengineering.com

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WHY IS IT GETTING ATTENTION?

Standard of care for design Liability exposure reduction

Federal state and local governmentbuilding compliance programs

Prerequisite for green building programs

such as LEED and Green Globes

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STANDARD REQUIREMENTS

Air quality requirements override energy conservation Requirements are for end results

Two methodologies permitted, one must be used

Ventilation rate procedure Indoor air quality procedure

Documentation is required

Clarifies requirements for VAV systems

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CONSEQUENCES OF STANDARD 62.1

Requirements created a fundamental conflict with objectives ofStandard 90.1 when applied with classical HVAC strategies

Meeting ventilation requirements increases energy use Achieving acceptable rates of ventilation can difficult or impossible under

some circumstances. VAV systems using recirculated air require specialcontrols and design care

Providing efficient building operation is possible but means thedesigner must address this conflict

High performance systems of the future must be able to efficientlyprocess and effectively manage ventilation throughout facilities

Classical HVAC systems were never conceived, are not configured,

and can not be controlled to accomplish this objective This is why the Tried and True but functionally obsolete

approaches of the past have already become the Tried and TrulyAwful solutions of the future

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2007 EDITION ALMOST FINAL Due for publication June 2007

Stringency compared with 2004/2001 Incorporate Addenda N changes which

occurred prior to 62.1-2004

Changes to ventilation rate tables andcomputational methods

Clearly defines computational requirementsfor VAV Systems

Other minor refinements

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PROPOSALSUNDER CONSIDERATION

Expanding areas requiring ozone

control Including industrial occupancies

ETS issue is still alive

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ADDENDA FREQUENCY

Still about every 6 months

Multiple addenda get publishedtogether

Publication public reviews

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WHAT YOU CAN DO Be aware and keep up on Addenda

Understand 62.1 implications for design

Develop new system solutions

Participate in the process

Comment on proposals out for public review

Comment on addenda

Submit continuous maintenance proposals

Request interpretations/clarifications/changes

Sign up for free e-mails

http://www.ashrae.org/publications/detail/14934

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62.1 IN 2007 IMC

Adopting Addenda N tables andcomputation methods

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WHATS NEW -COMPUTATIONAL METHODS

Minimum outdoor air ventilation rates based on area as well asoccupancy

Variable space occupancy determined from time weightedaverage

VAV minimum terminal flows must be computed usingexceptions to 90.1 reheat prohibition

Individual zone (Zi) and critical zone (Zc) outside air fractionvalues computed from VAV MINIMUM, not maximum, flows

System outdoor air fractions

Below Zc = 0.55 computed using Table 6-3

Above Zc = 0.55 reverts to Multiple Spaces Equation

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WHATS NEW 62.1 IMPLICATIONSFOR VAV SYSTEM DESIGN

Ventilation, not cooling, becomes the dominantoperating variable through most hours of operation,often including design conditions

Overall system air delivery rates are no longer

determined by cooling. Extra ventilation forventilation dominated spaces must be accounted forin unit capacity

When recirculation is used, measurement and

dynamic reset of minimum outdoor air requirementsmust be accounted for in design and used to assureadequate outdoor air is delivered to each zone

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KEYS TO RECOGNIZING NON-COMPLIANCE IN VAV SYSTEMS

The requirements of 62.1 and 90.1 are integrated.One can not meet the requirements of one withoutmeeting the requirements of the other. The followingitems are usually indicators of non-compliance on

single path VAV systems Minimum OA ratios lower than 50%

Lack of dynamic reset function for outdoor air

Mixing and recirculation, or lack of heat recovery

Consistent VAV box maximum/minimum flow ratios

Consistent VAV reheat coil leaving air temperatures

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RADON IN TWO SCHOOL ROOMS,DIFFERENT VENTILATION SYSTEMS

11/29/06 10:00 to 12/6 12:00 WI DIV. OF PUBLIC HEALTH

0

5

10

15

20

25

6 12 18 24 6 12 18 24 6 12 18 24 6 12 18 24 6 12 18 24 6 12 18 24 6 12 18 24 6 12 18

TIME, HOUR OF DAY

Radoni

n

Air(pCi/L)

RADON, H. SCHOOL, 100% FRESH, NO RECIRC.

RADON, MIDDLE S., UNIT VENTILATORS

WED FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WEDTHURS

W E E K E N D

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QUESTIONS?