wireless technologies
DESCRIPTION
wifiTRANSCRIPT
Wireless TechnologiesJanuary 27, 2005
IEEE 802.11 Technologies
Amer Hassan, Architect
January 27, 2005
January 27, 2005
January 27, 2005
January 27, 2005
RAN
*
January 27, 2005
Growing 802.11 Standards
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
802.11c provides required information to ensure proper bridge operations, focusing on improving MAC layer for better bridging. This project is completed, and related procedures are part of the IEEE 802.11c standard. Product developers utilize this standard when developing access points. There's really not much in this standard relevant to wireless LAN installers.
802.11ma It provides Enhancements to the current 802.11 Standard to provide Technical Corrections and Clarifications
*
January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Industry Status
Increased interest in cellular/Wi-Fi handsets. Choice split between .11a or .11g
Price gap for .11g and .11a/g is decreasing rapidly; .11b only devices on steep decline
Voice over Wi-Fi becoming reality with technical enhancements - WMM, .11i, .11k, .11r
Security solutions acceptable (WPA2, PEAPv2); security deployment issues being addressed
Hotspot roaming agreements identified as critical to carriers & ISPs
Standardization started for 802.11n with 2 strong proposals
Some carriers prefer handset with .11a over .11g due to the presence of interference in the 2.4 GHz band
WBA: Wireless Broadband Forum founded by major carriers to address roaming agreements for Wi-Fi
UMA: unlicensed Mobile Access
HSDPA providing ~ 4.8 Mbps (peak 10-14 Mbps)
Regional area networking (RAN) is a new term
*
January 27, 2005
Justified ROI Saves on infrastructure & real estate Improves productivity in manufacture plants Allows flexible employee work practices
Concerned 802.11 security is not adequate
Compensates for limits of current technology Regulates access via VPN, looking for WPA2 Deployed secure technology EAP-TLS, .1X
Concerned 802.11 standards unstable (11a, 11b, 11g…)
Deployed what meets current needs Planning to upgrade to .11a then .11 n
Concerned about managing another network & provisioning users
Agrees management & diagnostic tools lacking Deployments are tightly controlled Not a show stopper compared to ROI
Waiting for the benefits to outweigh the risks
*
January 27, 2005
Potential Wi-Fi Scenarios
January 27, 2005
*
January 27, 2005
Range: reliable wireless networking throughout the home
High fidelity A/V: good Quality of Service for high quality audio and video
Throughput!
HDTV-1080 in Japan @ 20 Mbps (MPEG2)
Next generation Media Center will support 2 concurrent video streaming, and by .11n ratification 4 concurrent streaming
For 3 streams in the home, with picture-in-picture, and Internet access, 100Mbps UDP level throughput is easily consumed
Self forming: a collection of access points to form a coherent & secure home network with minimal user intervention
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
Wireless outsold wired home networking gear for the first time in 2004
US Home Networking Purchases
Three minutes:
Homes with wired networks still outnumbered those homes with wireless networks
*
January 27, 2005
Highest possible consumer satisfaction… consumers will blame the Service Provider
QoS is primary requirement – video and high throughput (mobile) data sessions
Management capability to the devices
Secure mobility support: Handoff & Mesh
High rate for outdoor to indoor 150m operation
*
January 27, 2005
High return on investment
High level of security
Diagnosis
January 27, 2005
Applications and target markets
Constant (low jitter)
Constant (low jitter)
Variable
Variable
January 27, 2005
IEEE 802.11 Initiative: start of .11n
Develop next generation Wi-Fi capable of much higher throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100Mbps, as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP)
Modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY) and the 802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) are allowed with baseline 802.11 & its amendments to support high throughput
Evaluation metrics: throughput, range, network capacity, (peak and average power consumption), spectral flexibility, backward compatibility, and coexistence (3 channel models)
*
January 27, 2005
Intra-room, Room to room, Indoor to outdoor, Large multi-family dwelling
Small/medium office
Large office
Large space: indoor/outdoor
*
January 27, 2005
HT rate supported in 20MHz channel
at least one mode of operation supports 100Mbps throughput at the top of the MAC SAP in a 20 MHz channel
Works in the 5 GHz bands
Protocol supports 5GHz bands (including those supported by .11a)
.11a backwards compatibility
Some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal should be backwards compatible with .11a
.11g backwards compatibility
*
January 27, 2005
Requirement
Description
.11e QoS support
The proposal must permit implementation of the 802.11e options within a .11n STA
Spectral Efficiency
The highest throughput mode of the proposal should achieve a spectral efficiency of at least 3 bps/Hz for the PSDU
Control of support for legacy STA from .11n AP
A .11n AP can be configured to reject or accept associations from legacy STA because they are legacy STA
Windows Networking and Device Technologies – Microsoft Confidential
AmerH January 20, 2005
Link Level Throughput & Range
Range
80
150
20
25
Throughput
Business
Infotainment
Services
January 27, 2005
.11 n proposals
TGn Sync
TGn Sync
Qualcom and Mitsubishi merged with TGn Sync
*
January 27, 2005
Par/5 Criteria: March ’03
Functional Requirements: Nov ‘03
Usage Models: May ’04
Comparison Criteria: May ‘04
January 27, 2005
Key Points
TGn SYNC
Agere, Atheros Cisco, Intel, Mitsubishi Philips, Sony Toshiba, Qualcom, Nortel, Samsung, Marvel, Panasonic, Tohoku Univ, Nokia, Infocom Research, Sanyo
Broadcom, TI, Airgo Networks, Conexant, Buffalo, Ralink, ETRI, HNS, Realtek, STM, TrellisWare, Winbond Electronics
UDP data rate
200+ Mbps/40 MHz
100+ Mbps/20 MHz
MAC basic technology
Packet sizes
January 27, 2005
Features
WWISE
Bandwidth
(M) 20MHz mode (M) 40MHz, whenever regulatory domain permits this extension
(M) 20 MHz mode (O) 40 MHz mode
MIMO-OFDM-SDM
Higher code rate (R)
Regular coding scheme
(M) Convolutional code
(M) Convolutional code
Advanced Coding scheme
AmerH January 20, 2005
Some overhead will be induced to identify each MPDU
*
January 27, 2005
January 27, 2005
Turbo coding
High gate count (800K), but no IPR
Space-time block coding (Alamouti)
Keep it simple!
LDPC: 800K gates, with 10 to 12 iterations, and < 6 usec @ 240 MHz/540 Mbps, rate ½ to 5/6
Gain about 2 dB over CC
*
January 27, 2005
BT PAN module UWB Strategic exploration
Few BT PAN products No IP over UWB spec WW regulations for UWB
WLAN: 802.11
Fragmented user experience Poor penetration in enterprise Multiple auth protocols Several .11n proposals
WiMAX: 802.16
January 27, 2005
Usability: demand interoperability, and improved UIs for wireless technologies
Security: demand Standards based security with 802.1X, PEAP & PEAP-SIM, and WPA1&2
Availability & coexistence: share spectrum with minimum interference
[email protected]
January 27, 2005
January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Alliance Mission Statement
Certify the interoperability of products and services based on IEEE 802.11 technology
*
January 27, 2005
New Certificate & Logo
Helps retailers and consumers
January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Alliance Roadmap
January 27, 2005
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.
Chart1
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Sheet2
Sheet3
January 27, 2005
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.
Chart3
2003
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
502.2
413.3
11.5
81.4
220.3
791.7
1.2
164
203.3
922.9
3.1
517.3
105.6
675
3.7
1343.3
61.1
590.1
4.6
2006.5
43.1
553.5
5.2
2456.1
Sheet1
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Gaming Consoles/Handhelds
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
802.11b
502.2
220.3
203.3
105.6
61.1
43.1
802.11g
413.3
791.7
922.9
675
590.1
553.5
802.11a
11.5
1.2
3.1
3.7
4.6
5.2
81.4
164
517.3
1343.3
2006.5
2456.1
1008.4
1177.2
1646.6
2127.6
2662.3
3057.9
Sheet1
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
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2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
194.5
66.5
66.4
7.5
9.5
2.9
0
244.1
306.3
110.9
162.7
58.5
56.6
11.4
23.5
27.7
69.3
362.2
343.2
62
146.6
55.8
54.3
20.7
120.2
152.4
121.2
549.3
385
41.1
127.3
46.1
50
34.5
220.5
290.3
253.7
651.1
424.9
29.3
101.1
32.3
40.3
48.6
319.8
540.3
417.5
682.6
462.1
17.6
81.7
20.1
32.3
69.1
437.6
611
578
723.3
492.9
12.1
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet3
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
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0
0
0
0
0
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues by Standard, 2003 - 2008 ($M)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
January 27, 2005
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.
*Chart is estimate based on data in IDC Brief
Chart4
2003
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
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2007
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2008
2008
2008
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
10
17
22
25
7.5
10
14.5
15
6
9
12.5
12
5.5
8
9
9
5
6.5
8
8
5
5.5
7
7
Sheet1
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Gaming Consoles/Handhelds
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
802.11b
502.2
220.3
203.3
105.6
61.1
43.1
802.11g
413.3
791.7
922.9
675
590.1
553.5
802.11a
11.5
1.2
3.1
3.7
4.6
5.2
81.4
164
517.3
1343.3
2006.5
2456.1
1008.4
1177.2
1646.6
2127.6
2662.3
3057.9
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
802.11b
10
7.5
6
5.5
5
5
802.11g
17
10
9
8
6.5
5.5
802.11a
22
14.5
12.5
9
8
7
25
15
12
9
8
7
Sheet1
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
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2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
194.5
66.5
66.4
7.5
9.5
2.9
0
244.1
306.3
110.9
162.7
58.5
56.6
11.4
23.5
27.7
69.3
362.2
343.2
62
146.6
55.8
54.3
20.7
120.2
152.4
121.2
549.3
385
41.1
127.3
46.1
50
34.5
220.5
290.3
253.7
651.1
424.9
29.3
101.1
32.3
40.3
48.6
319.8
540.3
417.5
682.6
462.1
17.6
81.7
20.1
32.3
69.1
437.6
611
578
723.3
492.9
12.1
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues by Standard, 2003 - 2008 ($M)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
January 27, 2005
2008 WLAN Semiconductor Revenues in Consumer Devices by Application (n = $611 M)
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.
Chart2
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Gaming Consoles/Handhelds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet3
ï
ï
î
ï
ï
í
ì
Ï
802.11a
802.11g
802.11b
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
200320042005200620072008
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
IEEE 802.11 Technologies
Amer Hassan, Architect
January 27, 2005
January 27, 2005
January 27, 2005
January 27, 2005
RAN
*
January 27, 2005
Growing 802.11 Standards
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
802.11c provides required information to ensure proper bridge operations, focusing on improving MAC layer for better bridging. This project is completed, and related procedures are part of the IEEE 802.11c standard. Product developers utilize this standard when developing access points. There's really not much in this standard relevant to wireless LAN installers.
802.11ma It provides Enhancements to the current 802.11 Standard to provide Technical Corrections and Clarifications
*
January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Industry Status
Increased interest in cellular/Wi-Fi handsets. Choice split between .11a or .11g
Price gap for .11g and .11a/g is decreasing rapidly; .11b only devices on steep decline
Voice over Wi-Fi becoming reality with technical enhancements - WMM, .11i, .11k, .11r
Security solutions acceptable (WPA2, PEAPv2); security deployment issues being addressed
Hotspot roaming agreements identified as critical to carriers & ISPs
Standardization started for 802.11n with 2 strong proposals
Some carriers prefer handset with .11a over .11g due to the presence of interference in the 2.4 GHz band
WBA: Wireless Broadband Forum founded by major carriers to address roaming agreements for Wi-Fi
UMA: unlicensed Mobile Access
HSDPA providing ~ 4.8 Mbps (peak 10-14 Mbps)
Regional area networking (RAN) is a new term
*
January 27, 2005
Justified ROI Saves on infrastructure & real estate Improves productivity in manufacture plants Allows flexible employee work practices
Concerned 802.11 security is not adequate
Compensates for limits of current technology Regulates access via VPN, looking for WPA2 Deployed secure technology EAP-TLS, .1X
Concerned 802.11 standards unstable (11a, 11b, 11g…)
Deployed what meets current needs Planning to upgrade to .11a then .11 n
Concerned about managing another network & provisioning users
Agrees management & diagnostic tools lacking Deployments are tightly controlled Not a show stopper compared to ROI
Waiting for the benefits to outweigh the risks
*
January 27, 2005
Potential Wi-Fi Scenarios
January 27, 2005
*
January 27, 2005
Range: reliable wireless networking throughout the home
High fidelity A/V: good Quality of Service for high quality audio and video
Throughput!
HDTV-1080 in Japan @ 20 Mbps (MPEG2)
Next generation Media Center will support 2 concurrent video streaming, and by .11n ratification 4 concurrent streaming
For 3 streams in the home, with picture-in-picture, and Internet access, 100Mbps UDP level throughput is easily consumed
Self forming: a collection of access points to form a coherent & secure home network with minimal user intervention
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
Wireless outsold wired home networking gear for the first time in 2004
US Home Networking Purchases
Three minutes:
Homes with wired networks still outnumbered those homes with wireless networks
*
January 27, 2005
Highest possible consumer satisfaction… consumers will blame the Service Provider
QoS is primary requirement – video and high throughput (mobile) data sessions
Management capability to the devices
Secure mobility support: Handoff & Mesh
High rate for outdoor to indoor 150m operation
*
January 27, 2005
High return on investment
High level of security
Diagnosis
January 27, 2005
Applications and target markets
Constant (low jitter)
Constant (low jitter)
Variable
Variable
January 27, 2005
IEEE 802.11 Initiative: start of .11n
Develop next generation Wi-Fi capable of much higher throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100Mbps, as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP)
Modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY) and the 802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) are allowed with baseline 802.11 & its amendments to support high throughput
Evaluation metrics: throughput, range, network capacity, (peak and average power consumption), spectral flexibility, backward compatibility, and coexistence (3 channel models)
*
January 27, 2005
Intra-room, Room to room, Indoor to outdoor, Large multi-family dwelling
Small/medium office
Large office
Large space: indoor/outdoor
*
January 27, 2005
HT rate supported in 20MHz channel
at least one mode of operation supports 100Mbps throughput at the top of the MAC SAP in a 20 MHz channel
Works in the 5 GHz bands
Protocol supports 5GHz bands (including those supported by .11a)
.11a backwards compatibility
Some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal should be backwards compatible with .11a
.11g backwards compatibility
*
January 27, 2005
Requirement
Description
.11e QoS support
The proposal must permit implementation of the 802.11e options within a .11n STA
Spectral Efficiency
The highest throughput mode of the proposal should achieve a spectral efficiency of at least 3 bps/Hz for the PSDU
Control of support for legacy STA from .11n AP
A .11n AP can be configured to reject or accept associations from legacy STA because they are legacy STA
Windows Networking and Device Technologies – Microsoft Confidential
AmerH January 20, 2005
Link Level Throughput & Range
Range
80
150
20
25
Throughput
Business
Infotainment
Services
January 27, 2005
.11 n proposals
TGn Sync
TGn Sync
Qualcom and Mitsubishi merged with TGn Sync
*
January 27, 2005
Par/5 Criteria: March ’03
Functional Requirements: Nov ‘03
Usage Models: May ’04
Comparison Criteria: May ‘04
January 27, 2005
Key Points
TGn SYNC
Agere, Atheros Cisco, Intel, Mitsubishi Philips, Sony Toshiba, Qualcom, Nortel, Samsung, Marvel, Panasonic, Tohoku Univ, Nokia, Infocom Research, Sanyo
Broadcom, TI, Airgo Networks, Conexant, Buffalo, Ralink, ETRI, HNS, Realtek, STM, TrellisWare, Winbond Electronics
UDP data rate
200+ Mbps/40 MHz
100+ Mbps/20 MHz
MAC basic technology
Packet sizes
January 27, 2005
Features
WWISE
Bandwidth
(M) 20MHz mode (M) 40MHz, whenever regulatory domain permits this extension
(M) 20 MHz mode (O) 40 MHz mode
MIMO-OFDM-SDM
Higher code rate (R)
Regular coding scheme
(M) Convolutional code
(M) Convolutional code
Advanced Coding scheme
AmerH January 20, 2005
Some overhead will be induced to identify each MPDU
*
January 27, 2005
January 27, 2005
Turbo coding
High gate count (800K), but no IPR
Space-time block coding (Alamouti)
Keep it simple!
LDPC: 800K gates, with 10 to 12 iterations, and < 6 usec @ 240 MHz/540 Mbps, rate ½ to 5/6
Gain about 2 dB over CC
*
January 27, 2005
BT PAN module UWB Strategic exploration
Few BT PAN products No IP over UWB spec WW regulations for UWB
WLAN: 802.11
Fragmented user experience Poor penetration in enterprise Multiple auth protocols Several .11n proposals
WiMAX: 802.16
January 27, 2005
Usability: demand interoperability, and improved UIs for wireless technologies
Security: demand Standards based security with 802.1X, PEAP & PEAP-SIM, and WPA1&2
Availability & coexistence: share spectrum with minimum interference
[email protected]
January 27, 2005
January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Alliance Mission Statement
Certify the interoperability of products and services based on IEEE 802.11 technology
*
January 27, 2005
New Certificate & Logo
Helps retailers and consumers
January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Alliance Roadmap
January 27, 2005
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.
Chart1
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
2005
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2008
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
0
0
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0
0
Sheet2
Sheet3
January 27, 2005
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.
Chart3
2003
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
502.2
413.3
11.5
81.4
220.3
791.7
1.2
164
203.3
922.9
3.1
517.3
105.6
675
3.7
1343.3
61.1
590.1
4.6
2006.5
43.1
553.5
5.2
2456.1
Sheet1
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Gaming Consoles/Handhelds
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
802.11b
502.2
220.3
203.3
105.6
61.1
43.1
802.11g
413.3
791.7
922.9
675
590.1
553.5
802.11a
11.5
1.2
3.1
3.7
4.6
5.2
81.4
164
517.3
1343.3
2006.5
2456.1
1008.4
1177.2
1646.6
2127.6
2662.3
3057.9
Sheet1
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
194.5
66.5
66.4
7.5
9.5
2.9
0
244.1
306.3
110.9
162.7
58.5
56.6
11.4
23.5
27.7
69.3
362.2
343.2
62
146.6
55.8
54.3
20.7
120.2
152.4
121.2
549.3
385
41.1
127.3
46.1
50
34.5
220.5
290.3
253.7
651.1
424.9
29.3
101.1
32.3
40.3
48.6
319.8
540.3
417.5
682.6
462.1
17.6
81.7
20.1
32.3
69.1
437.6
611
578
723.3
492.9
12.1
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues by Standard, 2003 - 2008 ($M)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
January 27, 2005
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.
*Chart is estimate based on data in IDC Brief
Chart4
2003
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
10
17
22
25
7.5
10
14.5
15
6
9
12.5
12
5.5
8
9
9
5
6.5
8
8
5
5.5
7
7
Sheet1
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Gaming Consoles/Handhelds
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
802.11b
502.2
220.3
203.3
105.6
61.1
43.1
802.11g
413.3
791.7
922.9
675
590.1
553.5
802.11a
11.5
1.2
3.1
3.7
4.6
5.2
81.4
164
517.3
1343.3
2006.5
2456.1
1008.4
1177.2
1646.6
2127.6
2662.3
3057.9
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
802.11b
10
7.5
6
5.5
5
5
802.11g
17
10
9
8
6.5
5.5
802.11a
22
14.5
12.5
9
8
7
25
15
12
9
8
7
Sheet1
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
194.5
66.5
66.4
7.5
9.5
2.9
0
244.1
306.3
110.9
162.7
58.5
56.6
11.4
23.5
27.7
69.3
362.2
343.2
62
146.6
55.8
54.3
20.7
120.2
152.4
121.2
549.3
385
41.1
127.3
46.1
50
34.5
220.5
290.3
253.7
651.1
424.9
29.3
101.1
32.3
40.3
48.6
319.8
540.3
417.5
682.6
462.1
17.6
81.7
20.1
32.3
69.1
437.6
611
578
723.3
492.9
12.1
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues by Standard, 2003 - 2008 ($M)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
January 27, 2005
2008 WLAN Semiconductor Revenues in Consumer Devices by Application (n = $611 M)
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.
Chart2
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Gaming Consoles/Handhelds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
Sheet3
ï
ï
î
ï
ï
í
ì
Ï
802.11a
802.11g
802.11b
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
200320042005200620072008
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a