ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 1

Wireless Technologies

SURFnet - Relatiedagen 2002

Jan-Willem Tasking

Ericsson Telecommunicatie BV

ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 2

NMTNMT

TACSTACS

WCDMAWCDMA

UMTSUMTS2G2G

3G3G

2.5G2.5G

EDGEEDGE

GPRSGPRS

GSMGSM

AMPSAMPS

D-AMPSD-AMPS

CDMACDMA

IS-95AIS-95A

IS-95BIS-95B

CDMA2000CDMA2000

PDCPDCTDMATDMA

DECTDECTPHSPHS

CT1CT1

WLANWLAN

WI-FIWI-FI

802.11802.11

802.11a802.11a

802.11b802.11b

802.11g802.11g 802.11i802.11i

802.11e802.11e

802.11f802.11f

802.11h802.11h

802.11h802.11h

HiperLan2HiperLan2

DCS1800DCS1800

GSMNAGSMNA

BluetoothBluetooth

802.15802.15

802.1x802.1x

ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 3

Contents

• Evolution of Wireless Technologies

• Wireless Computing Solutions - Positioning

• WLAN Business Drivers

• WLAN Technology

• WCDMA and WLAN

• Technology Evolution, Positioning and Combining

• Summary

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Wide AreaNetwork (~10km)

Local AreaNetwork (~50m)

Personal AreaNetwork (~20m)

Wireless Evolution - Technologies

4GCombined

devices

Wideband

WLAN

Bluetooth

3GWCDMA,

EDGECDMA2000

Digital

DECT, PHS

Infra Red

2GGSM, PDC

TDMA,CDMA

Analog

CT1

“wire”

1GAMPS, NMT,

TACS etc

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IMT2000 International Mobile Telecommunications 2000

ITU/RR International Telecommunication Union/Radio Communication SectorMSS UMTS Mobile Satellite Systems Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

PCS Persona l Communication Services

DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephony

PHS Personal Handy System

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

ITU/RR

Europe

Japan

USA

IMT-2000 IMT-2000

UMTSUMTS MSS

MSS

MSS

MSS MSS

MSS

MSS

MSS

IMT-2000IMT-2000

DE

CT

UM

TS

DE

CT

MS

SR

eg.2

MS

SR

eg

.2

Frequency in MHz

GSM 1800

PHS

PCS

UM

TS

Spectrum Allocation

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Wireless Computing Solutions - Positioning

LAN

Local Area Network/Access- Hot Spots - High speedW-LAN

Mbps1 10 1000,1

Mobility

User Bitrate

3GCellular

2G c

ellu

lar

Wide Area Network (WAN)-Large coverage

Bluetooth

Personal Area Network (PAN)- Connectivity- Cable replacement

Fixed

Walk

Vehicle

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Note: The UTRA requirements are the same as for ITU-R TG 8/1

Indoor/low range

outdoor:

up to 2 Mbit/s

Indoor/low range

outdoor:

up to 2 Mbit/s

User speed maximum

10 km/h

Suburban outdoor:

at least 384 kbit/s

Suburban outdoor:

at least 384 kbit/s

User speed maximum

120 km/h

Rural outdoor:

at least 144 kbit/s

Rural outdoor:

at least 144 kbit/s

User speed maximum

500 km/h

UTRAN – UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 8

WAN

MAN

LAN

Datacom Network Terminology

PAN

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Business Drivers

• Access to Internet and Intranet becomes as vital as voicetelephony in business.

• With Notebooks and PDAs, data Mobility at work includescomputing. Today this is done off-line.

• With W-LANs performing like wired LANs, the officenotebook user will not need to dock.- The same applications as for stationary platforms aresupported with the addition of full data mobility.

There is a strong and growing demand to be always on-line

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• Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS)

• 11 Mbps (CCK), 5.5 Mbps (CCK),2 Mbps (DQPSK), 1 Mbps(DBPSK)

• 2.4 GHz (ISM band)

• Pico-Cellular system

License-Exempt LAN

1GHz 2GHz 3GHz 4GHz 5GHz

License-Exempt ISM

GSM WCDMA

WLAN, IEEE 802.11b

CCK: Complementary Code Keying (RF modulation)DQPSK: Differential Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingDBPSK: Differential Binary Phase Shift KeyingISM: Industrial, Scientific and Medical (radio spectrum)

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802.11 Protocol Stack

• MAC (Media Access Control) Layer– The rules for accessing the wireless medium

• PHY (Physical) Layer– Radio layer

– Modulation, coding etc.

802.11 MAC

802.2

802.11 PHY

IP

UDP/TCP

These layers are specified by IEEE 802.11

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802.11b Spread Spectrum PHY

• Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)

• Baseband signal is spread by a chip sequence

• All STAs and APs use the same chip sequence– this is not CDMA!

After spreading

Frequency

PowerPower

Frequency

Before spreading

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802.11b Channels

• Frequency range: 2400-2483.5 MHz (unlicensed band!)

• Channels numbered 1-14

• Spacing between channels: 5 MHz

• 802.11b bandwith: approx. 20 MHz

• => At most 3 non-overlapping channels– USA: Channels 1, 6, 11 (Channels 12-14 not allowed)

– Europe*: Channels 1, 7, 13 (Channel 14 not allowed)

– Japan: Channel 14 * Some countries are exceptions

Channel 1371

MHz2400

2412 2442 2483.52472

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There is also another 802.11 PHY layer: 802.11a

• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

• Data rates from 6 to 54 Mbps

• 5150-5350 MHz and 5725-5825 MHz (also an unlicensedband)

• 12 non-overlapping channels

• Not allowed in Europe yet– Except for 5150-5250 MHz in some countries.

– Due to lack of DFS and TPC

• Uses the same MAC layer as 802.11bNote: SIFS and DIFS times are different for 802.11a,Backoff slots are different

DFS: Dynamic Frequency SelectionTPC: Transmit Power Control

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Other 802.11 amendments (work in progress in IEEE)

• 802.11e Quality of Service– To support streaming traffic and AV applications

• 802.11f Inter-AP Protocol (IAPP)– Protocol for transporting information between APs

• 802.11g Further high-speed PHY layer extension in the 2.4 GHz band

– OFDM in the 802.11b frequency band (2400-2483.5 MHz)– Data rates from 6 to 54 Mbps

• 802.11h Spectrum and Transmit Power Control – Will make it possible to use 802.11a (5 GHz) in Europe

• 802.11i Enhanced Security– Existing 802.11 (WEP) security is broken– New authentication and encryption algorithms (802.1x)

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WCDMA (UMTS) and 802.11b (WLAN)

• WCDMA– Up to 2 Mbps (384 kbps wide area)– Wide Area Coverage– “Anytime, Anywhere”

• WLAN– Up to 5 Mbps user bitrate (11 Mbps physical layer bitrate)– Local Area Coverage (up to 50 m), Pico-Cellular– “Sometimes, Somewhere”

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WCDMA

GPRS, EDGE

WideArea

Network

LocalArea

Network

Combining Air-Interfaces

WLAN

Not to Scale1 Wide Area cell = ~10 000 WLAN cells

Personal Area Network

Bluetooth

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GPRS/UMTSCore Network

Access Management SystemMOWLAN Manager

Ericsson WLANAuthentication Server (EWAS)

SMS-C

SIGNALLINGGPRS TRAFFICWLAN TRAFFIC

Internet / Intranet

AuC

GPRSRadio

Network

ASN

WLANAP

WLAN

SGSN GGSN

GPRS/UMTS Installations WLAN INSTALLATIONS

Mobile Operator - WLAN Solution

SOG

HLRGSM/UMTSPrepaid system

BGw

Legacy Mobile OperatorNetwork Management

Legacy Mobile OperatorBilling System

Legacy Mobile OperatorSubscriber Management

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Summary

• WLAN is an Attractive Addition to GPRS/WCDMA

• Always online everywhere (indoor & outdoor)– WLAN - Hotspots/Pico-Cellular

– GPRS/WCDMA - Wide Area

• Developments for improving 802.11 ongoing for• Cellplanning (DFS, TPC), Higher Bitrates with 802.11a, g

• Quality of Service, Security

• Combined Solutions - Mobile Operator - WLAN– Roaming, WLAN access management, Reuse of Provisioning

system, transport network, Billing gateway (incl. Prepaid),Subscriber and Authentication mgt.