03- architectural space from modernism to deconstruction – a critical view

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١ ﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ: ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﻤﺼﺭ، ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ، ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ، ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ٣٥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ،، ٣ ﻤﺎﻴﻭ، ٢٠٠٧ . ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻍ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ. ﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻨﻭﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﻘﺴﻡ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺭﻴﺩ: nouby٣٠٠٠@yahoo.com Abstract The research dilemma of this paper lies in the arguable differences on the directions of deconstruction theory in architecture. The primary inquiry of this study focuses on these differences in addition to identifying the contributions of deconstruction on architectural spaces. However difficult, the paper provides an attempt through a comparison between the architectural theories of modernism and deconstruction (represented by Mies Van Der Rohe and Frank Owen Gehry respectively), in terms of thoughts and works in relation to architectural spaces. The research methodology adopts a critical view by conducting a comparative analysis study for architectural spaces in modernism and deconstruction. Some of the important results of this study include asserting that architectural spaces are principally different in deconstruction compared to modernism in their boundaries, status, and the architectural character of buildings enclosing these spaces. The substantial change of the architectural spaces in deconstruction has come out through the variances of space boundaries, their architectural status internally and externally, and examining new shapes that are not bounded to familiar rules. This is in addition to stimulating the observer’s view and attracting the attention while navigating the space wherein exquisite and natural views are utilized. ﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻑ ﺠﺩﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺇﺸﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺤﻭﻟـﻪ ﻴـﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ، ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺤﻭل ﻫل ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻑ، ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ؟ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻍ ﻴﺨﺹ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﺩﻤﺘﻪ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﻫﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻴﺤﺎﻭل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤـﺎﺭﻱ ﻤـﻥ؛ ﻜل ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻍ" ﺠﻴﺭﻱ ﺃﻭﻴﻥ ﻓﺭﺍﻨﻙ" ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ، ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻤﺜﻼ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ" ﺩﺭﺭﻭﻩ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻤﻴﺱ" ﻤﻤﺜﻼ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ. ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺍﺜـﺔ ﻋﻤـﺎﺭﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ. ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ؛ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻋﻤـﺎﺭﺓ ﻋـﻥ ﺠـﺫﺭﻴﺎ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ، ﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻠﻔﺔ. ﻓﺭﺍﻏـﺎﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺠﺫﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻍ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘـﺼﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺃﺴـﻠﻭﺏ ﻫﻴﺌﺘـﻪ ﺘﺴﺘﻨ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ، ﺒﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻕ ﻓـﻲ ﻨﺠﺎﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩ ﻓﻜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻨﺘﺒﺎﻫﻪ ﻭﺠﺫﺏ ﻤـﺸﺎﻫﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻅﺭ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻍ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺠﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ، ﺘﺤﻘﻴ ﻭﻜﺄﻨﻤﺎ، ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻭﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ، ﻟﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻍ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ.

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Abstract The research dilemma of this paper lies in the arguable differences on the directions of deconstruction theory in architecture. The primary inquiry of this study focuses on these differences in addition to identifying the contributions of deconstruction on architectural spaces. However difficult, the paper provides an attempt through a comparison between the architectural theories of modernism and deconstruction (represented by Mies Van Der Rohe and Frank Owen Gehry respectively), in terms of thoughts and works in relation to architectural spaces. The research methodology adopts a critical view by conducting a comparative analysis study for architectural spaces in modernism and deconstruction. Some of the important results of this study include asserting that architectural spaces are principally different in deconstruction compared to modernism in their boundaries, status, and the architectural character of buildings enclosing these spaces. The substantial change of the architectural spaces in deconstruction has come out through the variances of space boundaries, their architectural status internally and externally, and examining new shapes that are not bounded to familiar rules. This is in addition to stimulating the observers view and attracting the attention while navigating the space wherein exquisite and natural views are utilized. ." " " " . . .

- . . - " " Sigfrid Giedion " " Space, Time and Architecture . . )(. " " Greenough " " Constant Defoux " " "" Choisy"" Donaldson . . Raum )( "" Hegel " " Heinrich Wolflin )(. )(. . " " Frank Lloyd Wright :)( .Giedion, S.(). Space, Time and Architecture )( )(. )( )(. )(

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)(.Kaufmann, E. & Ben Raeburn. (). Frank Lloyd Wright, Writings & Buildings, p )( )(. ) (. )( - .Ching, F. D. K.(). Architecture: Form, Space & Order, pp )( )(.

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)( " ." - Asensio, N. (). Great Architects, Atrium Group, Barcelona, Spain. Banham, R. (). Age of Masters, The Architectural Press, London. Ching, F. D. K.(). Architecture: Form, Space & Order, Van Nostrand Company, Inc., New York Giedion, S.(). Space, Time and Architecture, Cambridge, Massachustts Harvard University Press. Kaufmann, E. & Ben Raeburn. (). Frank Lloyd Wright, Writings & Buildings, Horizon Press, INC, U.S.A. Norberg-Schulz C.(). Meaning in Western Architecture, Studio Vista, London. : http://members.aol.com/richpat//Picnew.htm http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/fa/mies.html http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/iit/iit.html http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/spain/barcelona/mies/pavilion.html http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/spain/bilbao/gehryguggenheim/guggenheimindex.html http://www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/gsapp/BT/GATEWAY/FARNSWTH/images.html http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Guggenheim_Bilbao.html http://www.lostandfoundproductions.org/glass.html http://www.miesbcn.com/Pabelloneng.htm http://www.vitruvio.ch/arc/contemporary/-/americancenter.htm http://www.vitruvio.ch/arc/contemporary/-/seagrambuilding.html http://www.vitruvio.ch/arc/contemporary/-/vitradesignmuseum.htm http://www.volny.cz/tugendhat/ Saggio, A. (). Digital Gehry: Material Resistance / Digital Construct, Birkhauser.