2013 hybrid parking flood reservoir mall

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Flood Protection & Parking on the National MallA Hybrid Proposal for a Sustainable and Resilient Mall by

Albert H. Small & National Coalition to Save Our MallDraft#30 032713 March 27, 2013


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Stewards of our National Mall recognize the need to provide flood anddrought protection and to improve public access, parking, and visitoramenities on the Mall. This presentation shows how these needs can be met in one hybrid facility. 2


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Over 25 million visitors come to the National Mall each year toexplore Americas history and heritage and take part in cultural

and civic celebrations. For many, this is a once-in-a-lifetime event. 3


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Those who arrive by motor vehicle find that the Mall lacks access toconvenient parking, a hardship especially for families with small children,school groups, and visitors of limited mobility.

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Access is further reduced by parking limits of2 or 3 hours and rush hourrestrictions on existing spaces. Garages under and near the Mall museumswere closed to the public decades ago.Underground parking proposed in the 1966 National Mall Plan never wasimplemented.

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Buses and cars roam city streets in search of parking, obstructing open spaceand views, causing congestion and pollution in surrounding neighborhoods,and raising security concerns around public buildings.

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Another problem is drought. Mall managing agencies recognize the growingdemand for reliable supplies of water to maintain the health of the entirehistorical landscape and its many trees, gardens, pools, and fountains.

National Gallery of Art Sculpture GardenU.S. Botanic Garden

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Rainwater cisterns installed as part of the turf grass restoration will supply only 30% of the water needed for the grass alone.


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Pennsylvania Avenue in 1889

Hains Point in the 1980s (arrow at Jefferson Memorial)

The 1930 flood

Federal Triangle and Mall area in 2006The most urgent Mall area problem is flooding. The 2006 rain storm thatinundated buildings in the Federal Triangle and Mall area is just the latestin a long history of flooding.

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Federal Triangle Stormwater Drainage StudyMembers of the Federal Triangle Stormwater Working Group:

General Services Administration (GSA) District of Columbia Office of Planning (DCOP) District of Columbia Department of the Environment (DDOE) District of Columbia Homeland Security and Emergency

Management Agency (DC HS&EMA) District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (DC Water) Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC)

National Gallery of Art (NGA) National Park Service (NPS) Smithsonian Institution (SI) U.S. Department of Justice (US DOJ) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA)

In the wake of the 2006 flood, Hurricane Sandy, and other recent storms, there isconsensus on the need for a permanent flood control solution to protect ourmuseums and public buildings and the cultural artifacts they house.Fourteen federal and District of Columbia agencies and institutions outlined theongoing flood threat in this 2011 study and reached consensus on a solution . . .

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. . . in the form oflarge stormwatercisternsbeneath the Mall to collectrunoff during storm events for up to a 200-year flood event (orange plusyellow areas). But government entities lack funding to move ahead. The solution? 10


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KarolinaKawiakaAIA

Create a hybrid parking/flood protection facility beneath the Mall. The parkinggarage, with separate area for buses and cars, will do double duty as a reservoirduring major storm events and include separate irrigation cisterns below. The self-funding parking garage will help offset the capital costs of the facility.

car parking in one section / irrigation below

bus parking in another section / irrigation below

remove cars and buses to use as a stormwater reservoir / irrigation below

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Karo

linaKawiakaAIA

car parking

bus parking

stormwater reservoirOne model is this hybrid parking garage/rainwater reservoir in Rotterdam,The Netherlands. The multi-story garage holds 1,200 cars and approximately2.65 million gallons of water. Several million euros were saved by combiningparking and reservoir functions.

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Rotterdam


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stormwater reservoir

turf grass restorationturf grass restoration

car and bus parking

The Mall hybrid facility solves three major needs: A reservoir able to store 34 million gallons of stormwater until it can be safely pumped into the Tidal Basin. Separate cisterns to collect rainwater, greywater, and groundwater flow from federal buildings for use in irrigation and in times of

drought. Parking for more than 1,000 tour buses and cars to improve public access to the Mall museums and cultural events, while also reducing street congestion, pollution, and security threats.An added benefit is completion of another segment of the National Park

Service turf grass restoration as the green roof of the facility.

irrigation water from rain and groundwater collection

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irrigation water from rain and groundwater collection

parking


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This flexible facility can provide additional benefits: Restrooms, a tourist welcome center, and one or more restaurants. Shower/lounge/snack facilities for bus drivers. Access to and integration with Metro, Circulator, Capital Bikeshare. A police substation to provide security for the Mall area. An educational demonstration of this and other innovative water systems.

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A Comprehensive Solution: As envisioned in this 3-Dmodel, the hybrid facility can consolidate flood control, irrigation, parking,environmental education, and visitor amenities under one roof.

This facility will improve the Malls sustainability and resiliency while also

protecting the integrity of its landscape above ground. 15

KarolinaKawiakaAIA


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National Park Service

National Gallery of ArtGSAmithsonian

Architect of the Capitol

Botanical Garden

District Government

Everyone benefits. But who leads? Jurisdiction over Mallbuildings and lands is divided among numerous entities and no entity has theauthority to develop a project of this complexity. Public Private Partnerships, or P3s, are one successful model used to develop,fund, and complete such major public works projects.

USDA

American public

White House

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Hurricane Sandy was the latest threat. This could be Washington, DC.

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A Sustainable and Resilient National Mall: TheMall will be a national model ofcreative problem-solving in the heart of thecapital and the nation.

This proposed hybrid project is one example ofcomprehensive, visionaryplanning for our National Mall in the 21st century.

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stormwater reservoir

irrigation water

irrigation water

car and bus parking


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Special thanks to Arthur Cotton Moore FAIA who helped conceive and designthe hybrid parking/reservoir concept, and whose expert knowledge of planning and design in Washington, DC, continues to inform this projects development.

Thanks to Karolina Kawiaka AIA and her students at Dartmouth College for developing the 3-dimensional

Illustrations of the parking/reservoir facility. Copyright 2013 National Coalition to Save Our Mall

NATIONAL COALITION TO SAVE OUR MALL www.savethemall.org

[email protected]

The National Coalition to Save Our Mall and Albert H. Smallcontinue to advocate for creation of an independent commission to create the

long-range visionary plan for the National Mall in its 3rdcentury the 3rdCentury Mall.

2013 hybrid parking flood reservoir mall

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