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Inside:AERTP: Celebrating a UniqueTraining ProgramInnovative Young Broadcasters2002 Manicaros Award WinnersThe First Casualty of War: WartimeReportingNew Faces at the NEMBC

Embracing Training,Empowering the

Community

Contents3 AERTP: A Unique Program Under Threat

4 Funding the community broadcastingsector

5 AERTP: A Unique Training Program

6 In Their Own Words

7 Tips for Better Broadcasting

8 Adelaide Hosts the 2002 NEMBCConference

9 Promoting and Celebrating EthnicCommunity Broadcasting

11 Access and Generational Change

14 Building a Successful Multicultural Society

16 NEMBC Women’s Committee

17 New Faces at the NEMBC

18 Radio and Emerging Communities

19 Innovative Young Broadcasters – 2002Manicaros Winners

20 In the Spotlight

21 No More Pauline Hanson Stories

23 News YOU Can Use! The Ethnic NewsDigest

24 $$$$$ MONEY $$$$$

26 Station News

30 Message to Ethnic and MulticulturalBroadcasters

31 We Respond to the Minister

32 The First Casualty of War: WartimeReporting

PRESIDENT’S PENThe 2002 NEMBC Conference, held inAdelaide in November, focused onimproving participation in ethnicbroadcasting amongst youth andemerging communities. Another focuswas the continuation of the AustralianEthnic Radio Training Project (AERTP).

These issues are shaping the NEMBC’s course in theimmediate future.

As reported elsewhere in this issue of The EthnicBroadcaster, the highlight of the conference was thepresence, (the greatest ever at an NEMBC conference),and active participation of young people and delegatesfrom new and emerging communities. That fifty percentof the delegates were women is an encouraging sign ofchange. The issue of increased youth involvement inethnic community broadcasting has now largely passedthe stage of discussion and debate and has entered thestage of practical implementation and the allocation ofNEMBC and station resources to ensure tangibleoutcomes.

The next NEMBC Executive meeting will be held on 5 –6 April. The Executive will discuss and act upon 2002Conference proposals especially those regardingincreased youth involvement. The Conference proposalto ensure greater involvement and representation byethnic broadcasters in remote communities must alsoreceive early consideration.

Work has begun on the Emerging and RefugeeCommunities Project, an 18-month project funded bythe Department of Immigration, Multicultural andIndigenous Affairs (DIMIA). Indira Narayan, anexperienced trainer and broadcaster, is developing andimplementing the project.

On the critical question of increased funding to thesector, the NEMBC continues to be active, within ethniccommunities and in meetings with politicians andGovernment Ministers. Additional funding is essential tokeep pace with ever escalating costs and sectorexpansion and is particularly required for thecontinuation of the Australian Ethnic Radio TrainingProject.

On the 17th February we met with the Minister forCommunications, Information Technology and the Arts,Senator Alston, to explain our position and press ourcase on funding issues. Although the Ministerexpressed interest in our position, he stressed that theGovernment’s priorities in this year’s budget aredefence and security.

Cover photo: Current AERTP 3ZZZ trainees L-R: Tony Chan; Elina Polkane; KarenWong Kar Hang; Kevin Garcia; Larissa Romensky (AERTP trainer). Photo by PonchHawkes

In this difficult and ethnically and racially divisive time itis imperative that ethnic community broadcasters beprovided with more resources to maintain their moraland social support for the policy of multiculturalism andfor harmonious relations between peoples and nations.

George ZangalisNEMBC President

The Ethnic Broadcaster, Autumn 2003 - 3

Over the last ten years theAustralian Ethnic RadioTraining Project (AERTP) hastrained over 3000 ethniccommunity broadcasters inradio skills. 23,000 modules oftraining have been deliveredto participants from 82different language groups.Community groups as diverseas Tamil and Turkish, Hmongand Hungarian, Cantoneseand Croatian have benefitedfrom the high level trainingtheir broadcasters havereceived.

The AERTP is a unique programdeveloped from scratch tospecifically cater to the trainingneeds of ethnic communitybroadcasters. Continually refinedover a decade, the AERTP is not arehash of training developed for

English speaking broadcasters inthe commercial or nationalbroadcasting sectors.

AERTP courses are fully accreditedand aligned to the national trainingpackage and yet they are incredibly

cost-effective. The AustralianNational Training Authority’s AnnualReport states that “in 2000, theaverage national cost of providingone hour of training was $12.70”.The average hourly cost of AERTPtraining is half of that, at $6.50 perhour, or $250,000 a year. Despitethe success and cost-effectiveness

of the AERTP continued funding isstill in doubt.

Volunteers are the heart and soul ofcommunity broadcasting, Theycome from a wide variety ofbackgrounds. Most have had no

previous experience inbroadcasting. The training offeredby the AERTP has been a criticalfactor in the ever-increasing qualityand consistency of the work ofvolunteer presenters in our sector.

It has been suggested that theAERTP should move to a user pays

AERTP:

“Promoting harmony and understanding is not simply a matter ofmulticulturalism – it is also a matter of security. A narrow focus onthe military, the police and intelligence underestimates our realsecurity needs.”

L-R: Tamil Ramesh (Kurdish Program) and current AERTP 3ZZZ trainees Jack (Chi Wah) Tai, Kevin Garcia,Karen Wong Kar Hang, Haidy Eskander, Elina Polkane, Tony Chan, Larissa Romensky (AERTP trainer).Photo by Ponch Hawkes

ThreatA Unique Program Under

4 - The Ethnic Broadcaster, Autumn 2003

basis – that volunteers who alreadydonate their time and energy to theservice of their community shouldpay for the privilege. This would bea huge backwards step for ethniccommunity broadcasting. It wouldseriously affect the ability ofbroadcasters from new andemerging communities, as well asyoung people and women, to get onair and raise their broadcastingskills.

While the Federal Governmentacknowledges the value of theAERTP it has not yet agreed tocontinue funding the service. Wehave had courteous hearings fromthe Minister for Citizenship and

In February a delegation from the communitybroadcasting sector travelled to Canberra tosupport the sector’s funding submission in thecontext of the next Federal Budget. ExecutiveOfficer Darce Cassidy represented the NEMBC.

The group met with senior advisers to members of theExpenditure Review Committee. They included advisersto the Prime Minister, the Minister for Communications,Information Technology and the Arts, the Minister forFinance, the Minister for Environment and Heritage andthe Assistant Treasurer.

Later in February the delegation built on the previousdiscussions in Canberra with a meeting in Melbournewith Senator Alston, the Minister for Communications.

Funding the communitybroadcasting sector

Multicultural Affairs, Mr. Hardgrave,and the Minister forCommunications, InformationTechnology and the Arts, SenatorAlston. To date however neither hasbeen prepared to commit funds tothe AERTP.

The response has been thatfunding is not assured and thatdefence and security are highpriorities on the funding agenda.We understand that, but suggestthat perhaps the government’sconcept of security is too narrow.

Multiculturalism has been verysuccessful in Australia – ours hasbeen a peaceful and comparativelytolerant society in recent years.Ethnic community broadcasting hasbeen a powerful force in promotingunderstanding and harmonybetween different communities.With the threat of war in Iraq andwith the reality of terrorist attacks inNew York and Bali, tensions arerising. Promoting harmony andunderstanding is not simply amatter of multiculturalism – it is alsoa matter of security. A narrow focus

on the military, the police andintelligence underestimates our realsecurity needs.

As George Zangalis points out inhis letter to the Minister forCitizenship and Multicultural Affairs,the AERTP has played a major rolein breaking down racial prejudice inthe media. At this critical time thereis no logic in cutting short thissuccessful program.

At a recent strategy meeting of theNational Ethnic Radio TrainingTaskforce (NERTT) strong supportwas expressed for the continuedfunding of the AERTP. Chaired byProfessor Mary Kalantzis, Dean ofEducation at RMIT University, andincluding representatives from theSBS, the ABC and the trainingsector, the NERTT has reaffirmedits support for the AERTP. NERTTmembers will work with the NEMBCover the coming months to ensurethat the AERTP continues to skilland empower the next generation ofethnic community broadcasters.

“After immensely enjoying theAERTP training, I applied tobecome a trainer and wasaccepted. I love the whole conceptof skills sharing, especially whenworking with people from diversecultural backgrounds”

Josine Wepter, ethnic broadcasterand AERTP trainer.

In this meeting the NEMBC was represented by thePresident, George Zangalis.

In early March the group again traveled to Canberrawhere they met Gary Hardgrave, Minister forCitizenship & Multicultural Affairs; Laurie Ferguson,Shadow Minister for Citizenship & Multicultural Affairs;Bob McMullen, Shadow Minister for the Arts; AndrewBartlett, Leader of the Democrats; and Lindsay Tanner,Shadow Minister for Communications.

The NEMBC will keep working hard on this issue withother organisations in the community broadcastingsector. Meantime we will keep you up to date with anydevelopments in the critical area of funding to oursector.


AERTP:HOW IT WORKSThe Australian Ethnic RadioTraining Project (AERTP) is nowaligned to the national trainingpackage covering radio.

WHAT IS A NATIONALTRAINING PACKAGE?National training packages havebeen developed by the State andFederal bodies responsible fortraining to establish standards thatspell out the skills and knowledgenecessary to undertake particularroles in broadcasting. It alsoprovides a nationally agreedapproach in determining howthese skills are to be assessed inorder to issue a qualification.

The qualifications are recognisednationally.

WHAT QUALIFICATIONS AREOFFERED THROUGH AERTP?

Each of the four courses deliveredthrough AERTP is designed to havea production outcome if they areundertaken as part of a certificatecourse, however individual topics inthe Certificates III and IV can alsobe delivered independently of oneanother.

CERTIFICATE II INBROADCASTING (RADIO)There are two ways in which theCertificate II in Broadcasting (radio)can be undertaken through AERTP.It can be offered either as a generalintroduction to radio broadcasting,(Foundations of Broadcasting), oras an introduction to news andcurrent affairs. These are stand-alone courses.

CERTIFICATE III INBROADCASTING (RADIO)The topics covered in the CertificateIII in Broadcasting (radio) are theessential skills for radio productionand presentation:

CERTIFICATES WITHIN THETRAINING PROGRAMAVAILABLE THROUGH AERTP

Certificate II in Broadcasting (radio)– Foundations in broadcasting

Certificate II in Broadcasting (radio)– News and Current Affairs

Certificate III in Broadcasting (radio)

Certificate IV in Broadcasting (radio)

A Unique Training ProgramCommittees, Processes andPolicies

Building Your AudienceGetting SponsorsMusic for RadioWebsite DesignBasic On-line AudioAdvanced On-line Audio

For more information regardingthe training program check out ourwebsite www.nembc.org.auunder Training.

’

Current AERTP 3ZZZ trainees L-R: TonyChan; Elina Polkane; Karen Wong KarHang; Kevin Garcia; Larissa Romensky(AERTP trainer). Photo by Ponch Hawkes

AERTP COORDINATORLEAVES THE NEMBCHelen Bowman, the AERTPCoordinator, has not renewedher contract and will be leavingthe NEMBC in early April.

The NEMBC wishes Helen wellin her future endeavors andacknowledges with appreciationthe huge contribution that shehas made to the AERTP duringher time here.

The AERTP Coordinator’sposition is currently beingadvertised and will be filledwithin the next 5–6 weeks.

Introduction to RadioStudio Use and RecordingBroadcast Law and StandardsProgram Preparation and

EvaluationScripting and Writing for RadioProgram PresentationBroadcasters, their Communities

and Cultural DiversityInterviewing for RadioEditingIntroduction to the InternetPortable Recording

CERTIFICATE IV INBROADCASTING (RADIO)A Certificate IV in Broadcasting(radio) can be built through thefollowing topics:

TalkbackPromotional AnnouncementsMaking a DocumentaryProgram ResearchNews and Current AffairsSpecial Events BroadcastingBilingual BroadcastingOral History


AERTP:In Their Own Words

Ethnic broadcasting incommunity radio stations hasestablished a training cultureand this culture, in turn, hasimproved the quality ofethnic programming.

“…the Government iscertainly aware that theeffectiveness of the lastthree years of additionalfunding has been enhancedby the success of the EthnicRadio Training Fund inproviding training grants thathave not only improvedaccess to the airwaves forethnic language groups, butalso the quality ofprogramming.”

Fiona Poletti, FormerMinisterial Adviser forBroadcasting Media and theArts

10 years of AERTP = a huge contribution to the ethnic broadcastingsector:

� 3000 ethnic community broadcasters trained in radio production andpresentation skills.

� 23,000 modules of training delivered.

� 82 different language groups benefiting from trained broadcasters

“The practical training was really useful. Apart from content, we had theopportunity to meet with people from other communities to exchange programmingideas and get an insight into other cultures. Earlier, I was very formal in mypresentation. The training gave me the confidence to speak more informally andperson to person to our listeners. I understand now, how radio with its use of voiceworks differently to other media, such as newspapers.”

Vijay Wardhen (3ZZZ Hindi Program) – AERTP trainee

Federal Government, local government, and vocationaleducation authorities acknowledge the project’s value.

“I’m very pleased to support the work being undertaken forthe community by volunteer ethnic broadcasters and localcommunity stations. I believe that the AERTP is performingwell in the ACT and there is strong support for the AERTPamongst the Canberra Community.”

Garry Humphries – former Chief Minister ACT

“Our broadcastersappreciate the fact that thetraining they do is not onlyinteresting but alsoprovides them with aqualification which isrecognised nationally.”Maureen O’Keeffe – 3ZZZStation Manager

Current AERTP 3ZZZtrainee HaidyEskander. Photo byPonch Hawkes

Current AERTP 3ZZZ trainee Kevin Garcia with LarissaRomensky (AERTP trainer). Photo by Ponch Hawkes

Current AERTP 3ZZZ trainees L-R: Elina Polkane, KarenWong Kar Hang, Kevin Garcia. Photo by Ponch Hawkes


This is an edited version of apresentation MaureenO’Keeffe delivered at the 2002NEMBC Conference.

Access to the airwaves is aprivilege and brings with itresponsibilities. For ethniccommunity broadcasters the mainresponsibility is to make programsthat serve their community.

Many volunteer broadcasters havebeen producing regular programsfor 10 or more years, others are juststarting out. Whatever your level ofexperience, it never hurts to taketime to reflect on your programsand try and make them that little bitbetter, by doing so you will beserving your community better.

Here are a few tips for betterbroadcasting:

1. KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE

Ethnic broadcasters do tend to knowtheir audience better than most radiobroadcasters. You are likely to meetwith people who listen to yourprogram and you may be a memberof cultural and social organizations,so you do get to know part of youraudience first hand. But is that reallythe full picture?

Do you know the total population ofyour group? Are they all young orolder or a mix? How many migratedin the ‘50s and ‘60s and how manyare newly arrived? What aboutsecond and third generations, doyou consider they are part of youraudience?

The ABS and other organisationssuch as migrant resource centerscan help with this information.

Tips forBETTER BROADCASTINGto Your Community

Gather as much information as youcan so you are equipped with theknowledge of the real size of yourpotential audience.

With this knowledge you are in theunique and responsible position ofbeing able to serve this audience.

2. SERVE YOUR AUDIENCE

Once you have gathered someinformation on your community,take a close look at your programand ask yourself if it has somethingfor everyone and truly reflects theneeds of the community? If theanswer is yes -congratulations! Ifnot, think about ways to startintroducing new segments into theprogram that will fill in the gaps.

A good way to start is by aiming tochange just five minutes of yourprogram. In those 5 minutes youcould introduce a new segment fornewly arrived migrants, a segmentin English for second and thirdgeneration members of yourcommunity or get a young person into present a short piece.

With gradual change you are ableto keep your old audience, whilealso appealing to new listeners.

3. GET IT RIGHT IN THE STUDIO

Being a volunteer does not excuseyou from performing technical tasksprofessionally.

Be sure you are familiar with all theequipment in the studio prior tousing it.

Make sure your guests usemicrophones correctly and you avoidunnecessary noise and silence.Maintain a consistent volume levelfor the entire broadcast.

Unexpected things will happen fromtime to time but you should alwaysaim for technical perfection. Thatway your listeners can concentrateon what you are saying rather thanbeing distracted by technicalmistakes.

4. LISTEN TO YOUR PROGRAM

How often do you record and reallylisten to your program and I meanactively listen, to the format of theshow, the technical quality and thetype of music?

Does is sound fresh, alive andinviting? Does it serve the needs ofall members of your community? Is ittechnically as perfect as it can be?

It is a good idea to regularly listenback to your program, perhapsonce every 3–6 months andcritically assess how it’s going. Youand your program team should bethe best critics. Often well meaningfriends and family will tell you theylove the show but perhaps won’toffer you the feedback you reallyneed.

By following these four steps youwill make better programs thatbetter serve your community. For allof us that should be the ultimategoal.

Maureen O’Keeffe3ZZZ Station Manager


The 2002 NEMBC Conference: Access = OurFuture: Generational Change, held in Adelaideon the weekend of the 15–17 November, was ahighlight of the year. A time where we had theopportunity to catch up with fellowbroadcasters from around Australia. A time torenew friendships and to make new ones.

Friday afternoon saw Joanne Fettke chair the sessionAccess & participation for young people and emergingcommunities in programmes and stations. This was avery lively session with a varied range of broadcastersparticipating both from the table and from the floor.Three general workshops focused on practical accessand participation strategies / activities for stations andprogrammers for increasing youth and emergingcommunity participation.

Friday evening, broadcasters chose to find their ownentertainment, with many touring the streets of Adelaideand enjoying the many eateries that we have to offer.Many of our younger delegates attended some localnightspots and danced the night away.

Saturday morning and down to business. The keynotespeaker was The Hon. Stephanie Key, Minister for theStatus of Women and also Minister for Youth andEmerging Communities. The Minister outlined her rolewithin her portfolios, and how ethnic community radio isimportant to her.

Serafina Maiorano, who has worked extensively in thearea of cultural development in the arts, with aparticular focus on the participation of culturally diversecommunities and culturally diverse youth in the arts,gave us an excellent insight into the integration ofethnic broadcasting and the arts.

There were various plenary and workshops throughoutthe day on subjects such as working with refugees,better broadcasting, content, presentation & linking up,copy writing for sponsorships and funding. The plenaryon funding gave George Zangalis the opportunity to

Adelaide Hosts the2002 NEMBCConference

The NEMBC wishes to thank 5EBI for being such fantastic hosts!

overview the situation of AERTP funding. He explainedwhat the NEMBC had done so far and what it intendedto do in the future, to make sure that the AERTPfunding does not dry up as is the Government’sintention. John Martin from the CommunityBroadcasting Foundation presented the CBF’sguidelines and the availability of the many grants thatbroadcasters & stations may apply for.

The last session of the day gave broadcasters a chanceto meet up with broadcasters of the same nationalities,to swap ideas and learn about their counterparts.

Sunday morning opened with pollie time. The Hon. GaryHardgrave, Minister for Citizenship and MulticulturalAffairs, outlined what the Government was doing forethnic radio and confirmed the government’s commitmentto the sector. Mr Laurie Ferguson, Shadow Minister forMulticultural Affairs, highlighted the importance of ethnicradio and importance of youth and emerging communities.

The policy forum consisting of Codes of Practice, (JanMcArthur), and the Digital Delivery Network, (DavidSice), rounded off the conference as everyone said theirgood-byes and returned to the many parts of Australia.

See you in 2003.

Brenda Degenhart (5EBI-FM)

L-R: George Zangalis (President - NEMBC); Hon. Michael Atkinson(SA State Minister for Multicultural Affairs); Wally Thachuk (5EBI);Nenita Lopez-Weekes (2MCE-FM); Bill Edmonds (5EBI); CouncillorBob Angrove. Photo courtesy of Nenita Weekes


Broadcasters from all overAustralia descended inAdelaide last year where theyattended the 2002 NEMBCConference. The theme forthis conference was ‘Accessand Generational Change’. Iwas fortunate to be able toattend this conference andrepresent 2MCE-FMcommunity radio station. Thiswas my second NEMBCconference, and I noticed amuch greater involvement ofwomen and young people.

The main focus of the 2002Conference concerned getting moreyoung people involved in ethnicradio programming and improvingmedia access for newly arrivedimmigrant communities. Ethnicradio has relatively few youngcontributors. It is dominated byelderly European men, so there hasbeen a campaign to get moreparticipation from females, non-Europeans and young people. Thisis proving successful and a newWomen’s Committee has been setup which includes fellow PinoyJudith Ventic from Darwin.

The official opening and receptionwas held in the Adelaide Town Hall,hosted by Councilor Bob AngroveAM, and addressed by the Hon.Michael Atkinson, the SA StateMinister for Multicultural Affairs,who in his speech stressed thatradio is an excellent guide to bringthe community together.

Celebratingand PromotingEthnic Community Broadcasting

The National EthnicM u l t i c u l t u r a lBroadcasters CouncilConference 2002

SPEAKERS

The conference commenced withvarious speakers identifyingimportant issues for programmersand stations and examples ofsuccessful activities at stations.

Maarten de Weerd, (5EBI &NEMBC Youth Committee), spokeof youth issues such asinvolvement in decision making andappropriate music for the youngerprogrammer and listener. Therewere also suggestions onmulticultural youth programming,such as multicultural youth news,issues, music, and the importanceof new ideas needed for programcontinuity.

Naim Saifullah, (2XX & NEMBCYouth Committee - ACT), alsostressed the importance of gettingmore young people to participateand suggested some promotions aswell as direct contact with the youth.

Nicola Joseph, (NEMBC EmergingCommunities Committee),

presented a recent survey onfunded program languages where afew questions were raisedconcerning the hours allocated tovarious languages. The Committeehas also produced a handbook,which has been sent to all stationsincluding 2MCE. In the handbookmanagers are familiarised with thebarriers to broadcasting experiencedby emerging communities such as:language skills, migrant’s prioritieswhen they first arrived, and the lackof a migrant centre in the area.There are also suggestions on howto attract the young and fund raisingoptions, how to address incentivesand lack of resources for buyingmusic for programs.

Marguerite Rooke, (NEMBCEmerging Communities Committeeand Alice Springs Migrant ResourceCentre), spoke of her initiallyunsuccessful attempt to have aradio program, because of lack ofsupport in a very small community.She has now managed to establish

L-R: Nenita Lopez-Weekes, Ian Stanistreet (CBF), Marguerite Rooke(8CCC / Alice Springs Migrant Resource Centre), Darce Cassidy(NEMBC), Deb Welch (Radio Adelaide / CBF), Graeme Story (AERTPtrainer). Photo courtesy of Nenita Weekes


a multicultural program whereeverybody provides input and haspeople from about 15-20 differentnationalities involved. She alsostressed the importance of radio inremote areas, the importance ofcooperation and community spirit inthe bush, and the support neededfrom ethnic organisations in order tocontinue this program.

Osai Faiva, an NEMBC Executivemember, also shared hisexperience as an ethnicbroadcaster. He pointed out theimportance of being in touch withthe community through radio andthe concept of networking and towear the shoes of clients, tounderstand their needs and tochallenge attempts to getparticipants in a one size fits allmanner.

The second day began with akeynote address by the Hon.Stephanie Key, SA Minster forYouth and the Status for Women.She said that radio is the bestprovider for information on womenand it is important that women haveaccess to it in the community. It wasemphasised that older people muststay connected with the young, thatall could learn from the young, andadded that this was particularlyimportant in aging communities.

Serafina Maiorano talked aboutAccess and Generational Change.She has an Italian background andwas a delegate at The InternationalYouth Conference in Europe.Serafina spoke about the role ofcommunity radio and about youngpeople’s participation. She foundout that young people are just notinvolved, dislike the music on ethnicradio, and have a belongingproblem. She also spoke about herexperiences with an aboriginal elderabout letting go and allowing theyounger generation to continuetheir work.

Margaret Bako, an Adelaide basedrefugee and emerging communitiesworker and translator, spoke aboutthe issues singles mothers face andhow she established a youth

workshop where the importance oftheir culture were stressed.

WORKSHOPS

Ms Maureen O’Keeffe, 3ZZZStation Manager, led a discussionon better broadcasting: content,presentation and linking up.

Ramkumar Konesparamoorthy (TopFM), Jack Petit (1 CMS) and DarceCassidy (NEMBC) facilitated aworkshop on better broadcasting.

MAJOR SPONSORS SPONSORS

John Martin talked about fundingand the role of the CommunityBroadcasting Foundation.

We had a good time socially,visiting a Turkish Restaurant, wherewe were entertained by a bellydancer, and later a dinner to thefamous Eagle on the Hill restaurantoverlooking Adelaide, where wedanced to an exotic band from theSudan in Africa.

Getting young people to participatein ethnic community radio, orindeed in any kind of communityactivity is difficult. Part of theproblem is to do with language. Thegeneral view is that as much of theprogramming as possible is in themother tongue. I have problemswith this myself.

On my program, I provide news inPilipino, interviews in English and dobilingual introductions to records. Ifthe whole program was purely inPilipino, it would not please myCebuano listeners, nor Filipino’sAustralian partners and certainlywouldn’t appeal to the younger oneswho were born in Australia.

I feel that ethnic broadcastingshould inform and entertain, andmost importantly open doors notclose them. The openness ofFilipinos in Australia has paid hugedividends. Have you noticed thatdespite two recent horrific murdersinvolving Filipinos, no one in themedia has suggested this is typicalof Philippine culture or that weshould all go back or not be allowedhere in the first place. So I think weshould not only celebrate andpromote our culture, but also share itwith all Australians, to help removeignorance, fear and prejudice.Nenita Weekes2MCE-FM

Judith Ventic (NEMBC Women’s Committee) & NenitaLopez-Weekes. Photo courtesy of Nenita Lopez-Weekes


Firstly I wish to acknowledgethe land on which we meet isKaurna land.

I have been invited to speak withyou today about strategies thatincrease involvement from youngpeople. I can only offer strategiesthat relate to my own fields ofpractice – that I believe may alsorelate to your field of practice –which is the extraordinary mediumof radio. So please accept thisoffering today as that, and comingfrom a listener and interviewee ofcommunity radio, rather than aseasoned producer and presenter.

Although I must say every time I getto a radio mike a part of me alwayswishes I could learn so much moreabout this medium – I just love it!

In providing strategies I would liketo share with you my own personalexperiences as a youngerAustralian and child of migration –experiences that have led me tostrongly support the current themesof this conference – Our Future:Access and Generational Change.

Over the years I have had theopportunity to work with diversecultural communities, and inaddition to my own Italiancommunity in South Australia, andto a certain extent interstate andoverseas. This has provided mewith a valuable insight as a young

Edited version of Serafina Maiorano’s Keynote Address at the 2002 NEMBC Conference

&Conference 2002

in Ethnic Community Broadcasting

Accessgenerational change

Our Future:

woman into the ‘workings’ of myown post World War ll migrantcommunity.

I have had the opportunity to meetwith people of diverse generationsand have sat through manycommittee meetings. In the pastthese meetings have often led todiscussions about the lack of youthparticipation and intergenerationaldialogue in cultural and communityactivities. I have heard overrecurring periods of time statementssuch as:

“We tried to involve young peoplebut there aren’t any.”“We tried to involve young peoplebut they don’t want to come.”“They don’t speak the language.”“Their musical tastes are different toours.”

I have specifically seen this occur insome community club environments– a ‘space of belonging’ created forand by the community at aparticular period in time and whichnow struggles to gain theattendance of young people of thatculture.

I see community radio as anothervital ‘space’ for community andcultural belonging. Given thatculture is constantly changing itreally is essential that all thesecommunity spaces need tochallenge their own notion of

existence in order to endure andevolve over time.

These spaces are incredibly vital …intimate … at times a lifeline toone’s identity … and should neverbe underestimated.

So this leads me to reflect on thepurpose of this medium…

WHAT IS THE ROLE OFCOMMUNITY RADIO?I acknowledge that you can allanswer this question much betterthan I can.

What excites me is the rolecommunity radio has as a means ofpublic civic participation.

Radio is an extraordinary tool – itkeeps sustaining itself. Over 99% ofpeople own a radio – we wake up toit in the morning, have breakfastwith it, go to bed with it, drive with itand jog with it. It is such an intimatecommunication tool and also a formof empowerment, entertainmentand education. It is a companion –it has sustained itself because ofthe pure need that people have tocommunicate. It has provided theopportunity for people to hear andconverse in their own languagesfrom the privacy of their own homesto the public realms of ourcommunities. It has played a part inshaping our world and the way weinteract with it.


I would like to offer some strategiesthat I believe are essential increating new pathways inpartnership with young people:

1. ACTIVE PARTICIPATION ANDREPRESENTATION IN THEDECISION MAKING PROCESS –IN DEVELOPING POLICIES,CONTENT, PRODUCTION ANDMARKETING.I have been attending a seminarover the past week presented bythe Australian Institute of CompanyDirectors entitled ‘Board Women’. Iwas fortunate enough to be offereda scholarship to attend this seminar,whose main aim was to ‘draw’women of diverse generations anddiverse cultures ‘out of thewoodwork’ as potential or currentboard members – decision makers.

In an article about the seminar inWednesday’s The Advertiser itstated:

“Social and cultural diversity was asimportant to producing balancedboards as getting more women (andyouth) involved … Alternative pointsof view and a wider range ofexperiences and skills made forstronger and effective boards …Younger people have different waysof looking at an organisation’sperformance than people of moremature years … Diversity providesa check and balance to askdifferent questions … and make theright decision for the business ororganisation.”

This quote is just as relevant tocommunity radio stations and theircommittees/boards. In addition, it isvital that we go beyond the notionof a single youth representative oncommittees. Generational diversityneeds to be equally represented, asa means of democratic process andsmart business.

If community radio stations want toincrease their listener base thenthey have to look at the future – the

youth of various cultures. They thenneed to bring youth into thedecision making process – so thatyoung people can be part ofdecisions about producing contentfor programs and also marketingthe programs.

2. HOW TO ACTIVATEGENERATIONAL CHANGE?I believe we have come to a point inour history, where electedcommittees now have theresponsibility to consider the nextphase, and to consider thefollowing:

How do we create the space for theelders to feel at ease – when thetime has come – to let go?

How do we create the space forcommunity elders to beacknowledged for the vital workthey have done in establishing andmaintaining a viable space forcommunication, education andempowerment?

How does a handover occur thatacknowledges the past (in all itssuccesses and failures) whilstgenerating a vibrant space for thenew (and allowing for all itssuccesses and failures)?

3. YOUNG PEOPLE ARE KEYPLAYERS IN THEREVITALISATION OF CULTUREAND A LINK TO THEIR GLOBALDIASPORA.Do we see our communities as partof a growing global diaspora – anabundant resource of networks andcontent for stories just waiting to betapped?

Is it the role of radio to promotecultural revitalisation with secondand third generation Australians?

Is it the role of radio to create otherspaces for international interculturalexchange programs with youngpeople of their diaspora?

These new diaspora are part of agrowing multicultural, multilingual

Australia. They are perfectlypositioned to be a key resource akey resource in the establishmentof vibrant and exciting globaldialogues for community radio.

What role can the NEMBC play indeveloping opportunities forinternational intercultural exchangeprograms for young people? Forexample, can the NEMBC partnerwith other similar community radiobodies across the world to establishinternational professionaldevelopment exchanges for youngradio producers / presenters?

I see culturally diverse youngpeople as an incredible globalresource. In 2000 I attended aconference in Rome where theItalian government brought togetheryoung people from all over theworld. It was an incrediblyopportunity for us to meet eachother, make links culturally andprofessionally. These internationalopportunities provide valuablecultural content for youthprogramming and foster importantnetworks that are relevant to them.They also allow the stories ofmigration to be brought to otheraudiences in diverse ways.

How wonderful would it be to havescholarships / professionaldevelopment opportunities,established through private,community and governmentpartnerships, where young peopleof a particular diaspora were giventhe chance to meet other youngpeople of their diaspora across theworld, with the aim of developingcontent together, etc? In certaincircumstances, young people wouldneed to learn the language, orimprove existing language skills, asa means of communication.

Perhaps this type of dialogue cancommence with on line streamingprojects, the Internet is the perfectspace for young people from allover the world to communicate and


Serafina Maiorano is a freelanceproducer, project manager andcultural worker.

She has worked in the area ofcultural development in the arts,with a particular focus on theparticipation of culturally diversecommunities and culturally diverseyouth in the arts.

Her areas of expertise also includecommunications and partnershipdevelopment.

Serafina was until 2002 the VicePresident of COMITES SA (Councilfor Italians Abroad in SouthAustralia), where she advocated forthe representation of youth andwomen. She has been a board

learn. I am told that in particular theVietnamese community is quiteactive in this area. Stations mightact as a source of funding andprofessional development forfostering these global relationshipsamongst youth - a pilot projectalong these lines would be awonderful way to encourage youthparticipation and engagement.

I believe that community radio is atan important cross roads in time,and look forward to an excitingfuture.

I wish to thank you once again forinviting me here today and wouldwelcome a continued dialogue onstrategies for a future that leads toaccess and generational change.

A 230 page illustrated book byand for those who made ithappen.

From 200 hours a week ofethnic broadcasting in 1975 to2000 hours in 2002, through 100radio stations all over Australia.

� Breaking the monolingual,monocultural mediastranglehold

� Establishing principles ofaccess and equity

� Helping to build amulticultural Australiansociety

� Resisting governmentattempts to control andmanipulate

member of the Australian Networkfor Art and Technology and theWomen’s Advisory Council in SouthAustralia, and is currently a boardmember of the Adelaide FringeFestival, Graham F Smith PeaceTrust and AustraliaDonna.

She has held various roles over theyears: Communications andBusiness Manager, Parallelo artscompany; Communications Co-ordinator, Adelaide Festival 2002;Producer of ‘Rainforest for anAustralian Desert’ public artwork(SA Tourism Commission’s 2002Year of the Outback event);Campaign Coordinator, Justice forRefugees SA and Project Manager,Urban Theatre Projects.

� The closure of 3ZZ and thefight back

� The ABC reaction

� The struggles for acceptanceand celebration of diversitywithin the communitybroadcasting sector (CBAA,CBF, 3CR)

� The threat and challenge ofcommercial ethnicbroadcasting andsubstandard overseasimports

� Generational changes

Available from 3ZZZ on tel: (03)9415 1928, or the NEMBC onTel: (03) 9486 9549.

$12 plus $5 postage and handling

From 3ZZ to 3ZZZA Short History of Ethnic Broadcasting

in AustraliaA 3ZZZ publication byGeorge Zangalis


This conference comes at atime of considerableuncertainty, a time when peopleare perhaps more inclined toperceive cultural differencesbetween themselves andothers, rather than seeing thethings that unite us.Australia is perhaps luckier thansome other countries in this respect– thanks to our healthy and vibrantmulticulturalism.

Ethnic community broadcasting hasplayed a powerful role in building asuccessful and cohesive multiculturalsociety for almost 30 years. It hasgiven a voice to those Australians forwhom the mainstream media cannotadequately cater. It has opened theeyes and ears of all of us to thediversity of our social, cultural andpolitical life.

One hundred and four stationsaround Australia broadcast someethnic community programmingTogether they produce about 1700hours of programming a week inalmost 100 languages, broadcastingto the 2.9 million Australians whospeak a language other than Englishat home.

They do this remarkable job with thehelp of 4000 volunteers – ethniccommunity broadcasting’s biggestasset and its greatest strength.

When ethnic community broadcastingbegan, its audience was made up ofpeople who had migrated to Australiain the 1950s and 60s. Ethnicbroadcasting was a lifeline for these

Building aSuccessfulMulticulturalSocietyEdited version of Gary Hardgrave’s speech to the NEMBC Conference,November 2002.

postwar generations of migrants –broadcasting news, current affairs,information and music in their ownlanguages. Ethnic communitybroadcasting was the link betweenthem and the broader community. Ithelped them become a part of thatbroader community.

In 2002, the audience profile haschanged. Not only must ethniccommunity broadcasting continueto provide news, information andentertainment to the older, well-established ethnic communities, itmust help the more recent waves ofmigrants and refugees. Ethnicbroadcasting helps these newarrivals gain access to governmentinformation and programs. It helpsthem establish and then maintainvital community networks andsupport structures.

A proportion of ethnic communityradio’s audience is made up of youngpeople. Some speak languagesother than English at home.

Their participation is essential tothe future of ethnic broadcasting. Itwould be a terrible waste if theexperience and wisdom of thepioneers of ethnic broadcasting

began and ended with thosepioneers. I commend the work of theNEMBC Youth Committee indeveloping initiatives to encouragegreater involvement of young people.

More than any previous Government,this Government has made a hugecommitment to ethnic communitybroadcasting. In the first year of ourfirst term, we announced aninfrastructure package comprisingsome $10.5 million in special purposefunding. Over the past six years thishas been used to fund multiculturalbroadcasting, the Community RadioSatellite Service, the CommunityBroadcasting Database and theCommunity Access Network – 208computers bringing the sector intothe Internet age.

In the 2002-3 Budget theGovernment reaffirmed itscommitment to ethnic communitybroadcasting, renewing targetedfunding for another four years.

I am sure you feel the governmentcould do more. The sector has beenlobbying for funding for the AustralianEthnic Radio Training Project(AERTP) to be renewed in the nextFederal Budget, for example.

The sector has been telling thegovernment for a long time that it isone of the main sources of mediatraining in Australia. Let me assureyou that the Governmentrecognises the significantcontribution of AERTP – the onlyethnic language based source oftraining for ethnic broadcasters.

The Government will weigh up thesector’s funding proposal along withmany others it will evaluate in thecontext of next year’s Budget.

However the Budget will be verytight this year, with demand forsecurity and defence spending highon the government’s agenda. Itwould be in the sector’s bestinterests – as it would be in theinterests of community broadcastingmore widely – to investigate otherpossibilities for ongoing funding.Hon. Gary Hardgrave MPMinister for Citizenship andMulticultural Affairs


It is instructive to realise thatethnic communitybroadcasting predates muchof the migrant settlementinfrastructure such as MigrantResource Centres that wenow take for granted. Peopleare now unaware of thecrucial struggles thatoccurred for theestablishment of ethnicbroadcasting, and communitycontrol of your stations.

In a few weeks time my partycelebrates the 30th anniversary ofthe election of the WhitlamGovernment. In doing so I amconfident we will remember that thegovernment was the first toseriously acknowledge the realitythat Australia was, and is, not amonolingual or monoculturalsociety. It grappled, not alwayssuccessfully, to provide access andequity to Australians whose firstlanguage was not English.

As George Zangalis has frequentlyreminded both Lindsay Tanner andmyself, the sector has grown toover 100 stations around Australia.It produces programming in almost100 languages with the assistanceof some 4000 volunteers. With farless taxpayer support you cover 50per cent more languages than SBSradio and deliver three times asmuch original programming.

To me your work does not justcontribute to the dissemination of

news and information, important asthey are. Nor do you just entertain.For many newly arrived ethniccommunities, struggling with thedifficulties of settling in a newcountry, your broadcasting work istruly about community building. Itprovides a means for isolated

families and individuals to linktogether, take action and fight forrecognition and rights. Equallyimportant is your role in helpingsecond and subsequentgenerations to retain the languageskills and culture of their parents.Thirdly you provide companionshipand support to the elderly membersof more established communities,as they often revert later in life tothe almost exclusive use of theirmother tongue.

Volunteers are the backbone ofyour sector. Many volunteers speakhighly of the skills, personalnetworks and self-confidence that

they developed . My parliamentarycolleague Maria Vamvakinou recallsher own experience in co-hosting acurrent affairs program on one ofyour stations. She is now in theFederal Parliament and a colleaguefrom that program is now aproducer of the Lateline program onABC TV. She reminds me that shealso learnt then that producingbroadcast programs is time-consuming and often frustrating.

Learning as I have about this skillsdevelopment aspect, I remaincritical of the Government’s failureto ensure a secure financial futurefor the Australian Ethnic RadioTraining Project. In the past nineyears, that project has providedaccredited training to mare than2500 ethnic broadcasters fromabout 80 separate languagegroups. Broadcasters havecompleted over 21,000 trainingmodules. The project has over 140trainers nationally and participantsfrom language groups as diverse asTamil, Turkish, Latvian, Spanish,and Somali. The training providesbroadcasters with on-site andextremely cost-effective experience.I certainly know its value and

strongly believe it deservescontinuing support.

Unfortunately, while the number ofstations providing ethnicbroadcasting has significantlyincreased in recent years, fundingfor the training project will beexhausted at the end of thisfinancial year. I understand itrequires a commitment for around$250,000 a year to continue,benefiting over 200 traineebroadcasters each year. Promptaction should be taken to enablethis to happen.

Laurie Ferguson MPShadow Minister for Citizenship andMulticultural Affairs

“Australia…is not a monolingual or monocultural society”

Edited version of Laurie Ferguson’s speech to the NEMBC Conference,November 2002.

Broadcasting isAboutCommunityBuilding


The past twelvemonths have beenan exciting time forthe Women’sCommittee. Weheld two nationaltelephoneconferences plus aface to faceconference in June 2002,giving committee membersopportunities to get togetherand to plan for the next year.Our Committee applied for a grantto the Community BroadcastingFoundation to produce a brochure.We would like to thank the CBF forapproving the grant, and also 6EBAfor their tremendous contribution.The vibrant colours used in thebrochure are recognised worldwideand correspond to those ofInternational Women’s Day. Thebrochure outlines the Charter of theCommittee and the MissionStatement, which reads as follows:

The NEMBC Women’s Committeeencourages active participation ofwomen broadcasters in education,and informing communities aboutculturally diverse issues, and itrecommends the involvement ofwomen in decision making.

Also included in the brochure aredetails of projects alreadyundertaken including:

� The Women’ s Survey – toascertain the level ofinvolvement by womenbroadcasters

N E M B CW o m e n’sCommittee

� International Women’s DayMessages – multilingualcassettes and CD’s producedover two consecutive years

� Migrant Women in theWorkforce – an oral historyseries of ten programs on CDproduced by migrant womencommunity broadcasters, tellingof the experiences of coming toa new country and the strugglesencountered

The Hon. Stephanie Key, SAMinister for the Status of Womenand Youth, launched the brochurein November 2002 in Adelaide, atthe NEMBC Conference. TheMinister made particular referenceto the fact that women inbroadcasting have come a longway; the days when radio wasdefinitely a man’s world are gone.Women can now use the media todistribute and access informationon diverse issues, where languagehad previously been a barrier formany years.

If you would like to receive a copyof the brochure, please call eitherthe NEMBC Secretariat or theWomen’s Committee member inyour State.

At the telephoneconference held inFebruary 2003, theCommitteeundertook, as oneof its projects for2003, to produce amultilingual CD ofsongs sung by

women from various ethnicbackgrounds.

Strategies, topics and guest speakersfor the Women’s workshops at the2003 national conference will befinalised at the face to face Women’sconference to be held in June 2003.If you have any suggestions or issuesthat you would like to discuss, pleasecall Darce Cassidy at the NEMBCSecretariat on (03) 9486 9549 or theWomen’s Committee representativein your State.

Brenda Degenhart and Karina CeronWomen’s Committee members

Members of the NEMBC Women’sCommittee are:Karina Ceron (Convenor), Tasmania– Tel: (03) 6244 1000Brenda Degenhart, South Australia– Tel: (08) 8211 7635Jiselle Hanna, Victoria – Tel: (03)9419 8377Blanca Llorente, New South Wales– Tel: (02) 9662 1618Badihe Mohebbi, Queensland – Tel:(07) 3366 9880Dana Popovich, Western Australia –Tel: (08) 9227 5958Judith Ventic, Northern Territory –Tel: (08) 8945 2631To be appointed – AustralianCapital Territory


Darce Cassidy –Executive Officer

Darce has anextensivebackground inbroadcasting,managementand advocacy.

He was a foundation member of3CR Melbourne, working with thestation between 1975 and 1989. Heserved on the committee for muchof that time and was involved in theintroduction of community languageprograms to the station. He was theinitial trainer and facilitator for theGreek program.

Darce worked with the Box HillCollege of TAFE to design anddeliver some of the first trainingprograms for SBS Radio, andlectured in Media Studies at RMITwhere he taught a course in mediapolitics.

He was state Secretary of the ABCUnion (now amalgamated with theCPSU) for five years and worked formany years for the ABC. He workedfor Four Corners and This DayTonight in television and for AM, PMand Background Briefing in radio.

He was state manager of the ABCin South Australia between 1989and 1997.

RebekahPasqualini –AdministrativeOfficer andEthnic NewsDigestCoordinator

RebekahPasqualini has

extensive experience in officeadministration for both commercialand cultural organisations.

Rebekah worked as EventsCoordinator for the Australian FilmInstitute where she managed theAustralian Cinémathèque andassisted in the development anddelivery of AFI Festivals and ScreenEvents. In 2002 Rebekah workedas part of the Multimedia Teachersand Trainers ProfessionalDevelopment Project atOPENChannel. Rebekah was aWomen in Film & Television (WIFT)board member from 2000–2002.

Rebekah has a B.A. inCommunications (Media Studies)and a strong background in writingand online content. She hasextensive experience in workingwith culturally diverse communitiesand enjoys liaising with a widerange of people.

Rebekah appreciates the crucialrole that ethnic communitybroadcasters have played infostering a vibrant multiculturalsociety. She recognises theimportance of forums thatencourage inclusiveness andmultiplicity, of languages, culturesand experiences. Rebekah looksforward to encouraging the greaterparticipation of those currentlyunderrepresented in ethniccommunity broadcasting; youngpeople, women, newly arrivedmigrants and refugees.

NewFacesat theNEMBC

Photos by Ponch Haw

kes

Indira Narayan –New, Emergingand RefugeeCommunitiesProject Officer

Indira joined theNEMBC inJanuary 2003.

The project that she runs issupported by a grant from theDepartment of Immigration andMulticultural and Indigenous Affairsand by the NEMBC and 3ZZZ.

Indira works part time to promoteaccess to broadcasting foremerging and refugee communitiesin Victoria. Indira facilitates accessto radio training and airtime as wellas information flow to thesecommunities about communityradio.

Indira has been working incommunity radio for five yearsprincipally with 3CR where sheworked as a trainer and has madecurrent affairs programs. She hasbeen a member of the 3CRManagement Committee for the lasttwo and a half years, and has alsoworked with the station’sInternational Women’s DayCollective and Indigenous LiaisonCommittee. Indira currently workspart-time as 3CR’s EthnicResources and DevelopmentWorker.

Indira produces two nationalprograms for community radio,which are distributed through theCBAA’s satellite service. EarthMatters is an environmental issuesprogram. Accent of Women is aprogram by and about women fromculturally and linguistically diversebackgrounds.


The NEMBC has identified theneed to facilitate new migrantcommunities’ access tocommunity broadcasting. Thisis part of a broaderrecognition that moreservices need to be directedtowards newer communitiesin Australia who don’t havethe support structures or theEnglish skills that oldergroups possess.

In 2002 the Myer Foundationsupported an NEMBC emergingcommunities project co-ordinatedby Nicola Joseph. Nicola producedthe Working with Emerging andRefugee Communities publicationand a Handbook for CommunityRadio Stations .

In 2003 Indira Narayan wasemployed to co-ordinate theNEMBC New, Emerging andRefugee Communities Project. Thisproject is Victorian based andfunded by DIMIA’s CommunitySettlement Services Scheme. Indirawill be:

� working with Victorian communityradio stations to increase accessfor emerging communities

� increasing support forbroadcasters from emergingcommunities

� promoting community radiothrough liaison with emergingcommunities

� co-ordinating radio broadcastingtraining programs for emergingcommunities

� liaising with organisations andgovernment to facilitateimportant settlement informationfor emerging communities

THE STATION HANDBOOK� aims to assist in the

development of workingrelationships betweencommunity radio stations andnew, emerging and refugeecommunities

� was sent to community radiostations hosting ethnicbroadcasting

� provides a list of emergingcommunities and contactorganisations who may provideinformation, funding and support

� encourages radio stations toallow several levels of entry tothe airwaves

� provides information onbroadcasting funding availablefor emerging communities

� is available atwww.nembc.org.au or throughIndira.

RADIO FOR EMERGINGCOMMUNITIES BROCHURESOften new communities are unsureof how to become involved inbroadcasting and may havedifficulties with urgent issues likefinding work and housing. Thebrochures inform new and emergingcommunities about communityradio. Brochures are in English,Somali, Amharic, Farsi, Arabic,Thai, Cambodian (Khmer), BahasaIndonesia and Bosnian.

They are available atwww.nembc.org.au or throughIndira.

TRAINING FOR EMERGINGCOMMUNITIES� is available for potential

broadcasters from emergingcommunities in Victoria

Radio and EmergingCommunities

� is also available for new orcurrent members of broadcastteams from emergingcommunities

FUNDING FOR EMERGINGCOMMUNITIESSee the Community BroadcastingFoundation websitewww.cbf.com.au for more info andapplication due dates.

NEW COMMUNITIES CBF GRANT� $1500 one off grant available

within the first year ofbroadcasting to assist programestablishment. Funding is alsoavailable for refugeecommunities

� If your community is emergingbut is not listed on the CBFwebsite you can still apply

NEW ETHNIC LANGUAGEGROUPS (ETHNIC CBF GRANTS)� You’re eligible for a grant to

purchase program materials ifyou’re presenting a program in alanguage not previouslybroadcast on the station

FOR FURTHER INFORMATIONCONTACT:

Indira NarayanNew, Emerging & RefugeeCommunities Outreach, Trainingand Broadcasting Project Officer10am – 3pm Mondays, Tuesdays &ThursdaysMail: NEMBC, PO Box 1144,Collingwood, VIC 3066Office and Studios:3ZZZ, 1st Floor 144,George St, FitzroyT: 03 9415 1928F: 03 9415 1818 e: [email protected]


The Tony Manicaros Award supports projectsof significance for ethnic communitybroadcasting. The award commemorates andcelebrates Tony Manicaros’ work for ethniccommunity broadcasting on a station, stateand national basis. Full time ethnic communitybroadcasting stations, ethnic umbrella groupsand the Community Broadcasting Foundationfund the award. It is open to stations,programming groups and individuals.

In 2002, creative and innovative projects encouragingyouth or emerging communities’ participation in ethniccommunity broadcasting at a station level were apriority. The winners were announced at the NEMBCconference in November and in a surprise developmenttwo fantastic projects were each awarded the grant of$1500. The lucky winners are:

TONGAN COMMUNITY RADIO OF SA @ 5EBIThe Tongan Community Radio (TCR) of SA wasestablished in Oct 21 2001, as the first Tongan radioprogram in SA broadcasting in both Tongan andEnglish. Since TCR’s inception, 5EBI has trained 3adults and 3 youths in community broadcasting. Theyoung people don’t speak Tongan; hence, they arerostered together with Tongan speaking adults to present

the half-hour weekly bilingual program for the 150-200Tongan residents in Adelaide. They are now learning theTongan language. The winning project aims to:

� extend cultural experiences of the young peopleinvolved in broadcasting

� establish networks amongst Tongan broadcasters,especially youth

� teach cultural ‘etiquettes’ of broadcasting to largerTongan audiences (e.g in Sydney and Canberra)

� provide opportunities for young broadcasters to gainexperience with different programming formats

TRIA XARAKIRI @ 3ZZZ – NO BORDERSTria Xarakiri, the weekly Greek youth program on 3ZZZ,was a joint winner of the 2002 Tony Manicaros Awardfor their No Borders project. No Borders is a series often minute radio documentaries on the concept ofborders as it relates to refugees and other displacedpeople. The programs aim to explore the politics behindborders in terms of government power and the wayborders are constructed with regard to ethnicity andpolitics. The producers want to examine the way thecommunity is constructed, maintained and controlledthrough these boundaries and the rhetoric behind them.

Applications for the 2003 Tony Manicaros Award will beavailable from May 2003 on the website:www.nembc.org.au and in the next edition of TheEthnic Broadcaster.

Innovative YoungBroadcasters

2002 Tony ManicarosAward Winners

Tria Xarakiri – NoBorders – team.George Staurias,Vasso Zangalis,Phillip Kalantzis-Cope, TonyPappos, MichelleMyshka Lay, VayaPashos.

Members of Tongan Community Radio (TCR) in theircommunal garden. L-R: Pepe Afimeimo’unga, ‘Ailini Steen(Youth Radio), Tau Ma’ake, Anne Ma’ake, Naomi Tupola(Youth Radio), Ross and Albert Beauchamp at foreground.


In the Spotlight was a free,one-day event aimed atpromoting increasedunderstanding of the mediaamongst young people, andfostering dialogue betweenmedia agencies and youngpeople.

It also provided an excellentopportunity to showcase the wealthof independent media produced byyoung people.

In the Spotlight attracted over 200participants and was presented bythe Youth Affairs Council of Victoria,the Centre For Adolescent Health,Inner City Regional YouthCommittee and the City of PortPhillip.

The NEMBC presented a workshopon youth broadcasting and ethniccommunity radio, as well as havinga display. Considering the interestshown on the day and the successof the NEMBC workshop it reallywas an excellent opportunity to getour message out there.

The event was opened by theVictorian Minister for Youth Affairs,the Hon. Jacinta Allan MP, and Cityof Port Phillip Mayor Darren Ray. Inthe morning there an interactivediscussion – How does a mediastory develop? The afternoonsession consisted of concurrentworkshops presented byorganisations such as Channel 31,SYN FM, 3RRR, and of course theNEMBC!

GET INVOLVED! GET HEARD!Youth Broadcasting and EthnicCommunity Radio – the NEMBCworkshop. Fifteen young peopleand media workers attended the

A Melbourne forumon young peopleand the media.

In theSPOTLIGHT

workshop includingClaudine Ellis – 3ZZZProjects & Youth Officer,Nigel Slater – Manager of8CCC FM and delegatesfrom the Youth AffairsCouncil and the City ofPort Phillip.

Youth broadcaster TamaraRiqueleme joined JiselleHanna in discussion onvarious issues concerningyouth involvement in ethniccommunity radio. Tamara spoke ofher experiences in ethniccommunity broadcasting and alsoabout the proposals encouragingyouth participation that came out ofthe 2002 NEMBC Conference.

Jiselle gave a general introductionto ethnic and multiculturalcommunity broadcasting and talkedabout young people in the contextof non-English languagebroadcasting. She also focused onNEMBC initiatives to promoteincreased youth participation,including the Youth Committee’ssuccessful push for changes to CBFfunding guidelines for ethnic youthprograms. Other topics covered

Tamara Riqueleme is a Year 9student at Northcote High and co-presents a show called MujeresLatino Americanas (Latin AmericanWomen) on 3CR with MarisolSalinas and Andrea Aguilera.(Thursdays 6.30 – 7.30pm).

Jiselle Hanna has been aCommunity Broadcaster for threeyears. She currently holds theposition of Secretary on 3CR’sCommittee of Management. Jiselle isthe NEMBC Women’s Committee’sVictorian representative and is alsoinvolved with the CBAA’s NationalYouth Media Network. She is part ofa team that produces Accent ofWomen on 3CR – a program by andabout women from culturally andlinguistically diverse backgrounds.

were racism and language barriers,and training for young ethnicbroadcasters.

Rebekah Pasqualini and Jisellespoke about the importance ofyoung people from emerging andrefugee communities getting accessto the airwaves – in the context ofthe NEMBC’s New, Emerging andRefugee Communities Project.

Jiselle Hanna and Tamara Riqueleme

Tamara Riqueleme


When the Ethnic NewsDigest started PaulineHanson’s One NationParty had just hitcentre stage in themedia. It was both ablessing and a cursefor END.

On one hand, Hanson hadforced the race issue to theforefront of an electioncampaign. There wereplenty of stories where immigrationand racism were discussed. On theother, the more I wrote about her,the more complaints I got that wewere giving her far too muchattention. I could see their point, soI compromised by reducing thenumber of stories which mentionedHanson. Recently, one of the ENDtranslators emailed me saying thatthey hoped her return to politics inNSW did not mean she would bemaking a comeback to END. I tookthe point.

My greatest critics are the ENDtranslators. It is not unusual for meto be challenged by one of themany dedicated translators who in

many cases have been working forthe service since it started.Sometimes the criticism might beabout accuracy, at other times it isabout an editorial decision. Thedebate by email can be interestingand lively.

There are many considerationsbehind the editorial decisions madefor the Ethnic News Digest. Thestarting point has to be theaudience. Imagining andreimagining ethnic audiences is afavorite pastime of the ENDjournalist. While the AustralianBureau of Statistics helps out withsome hard facts from time to time,this “imagining” is largely based on

common sense andkeeping one’s eyes open.Ethnic audiences mightinclude people who runsmall businesses,university graduates andstudents, families (some ofwhom live overseas),factory workers andprofessionals. These“assumptions” mean that Ihave given high priority tostories about the GST and

small business, unfair dismissallaws and other small business’issues. Also stories aboutimmigration laws (for people lookingat family reunion etc), workers’rights and education have alsobeen a major feature of END.Stories which deal with issues oflanguage and cultural maintenanceas well as cultural diversity areautomatically considered forinclusion.

The priorities of the NEMBC alsohave some influence on the choicesof stories for END. At one stage inthe service’s history, the NEMBCWomen’s Committee indicated theirdissatisfaction with the lack of

NO morePAULINE HANSONIn 1998, Nicola Joseph was given the job of writing“Australian news for ethnic audiences”. In this article sheexplains how she decides what stories make it to END.

stories


women’s stories in END. A faircriticism, I think, of any newsservice and one that remainsconstantly on the list of END’seditorial considerations. In recentmonths issues of childcare and paidmaternity leave have featuredregularly. It is also important thatwherever possible migrant womenare represented in END as beingmore than mothers, housewivesand good cooks. Equally, the workof the NEMBC youth committee hasresulted in END being conscious ofthe misrepresentation of ethnicyouth in the news. As a result,stories about so-called ethnic gangsprobably don’t feature as much inEND as they do in other newsservices. There is a real attempt tobalance positives and negativeshere.

In 2002 a Survey on END was conducted. It was one ofthe largest surveys ever undertaken in communitybroadcasting, with around 250 responses from aroundAustralia.

Amongst the survey findings we found that the EthnicNews Digest is:

� a popular service used by around 360 programmerseach week

� used by around 50% of all programs that broadcastin the languages translated

� used at around 50% of the 104 stations thatbroadcast in community languages

� a valuable resource at rural & regional stations aswell as being used at almost all fulltime metropolitanstations

� used by a number of organisations, governmentdepartments and political parties.

News Broadcasters Use:The Ethnic News Digest

Of course the other big factor inchoosing END stories is the factthat it is a national service, sostories have to be of nationalimportance. At the same time,stories about local achievements orissues can be of interest to ethnicaudiences nationally, especially if itabout a local project which hasbeen successful.

The idea of END came aboutbecause in most cases,broadcasters were only includingnews from their home country intheir programs. END is used bymost broadcasters as their localnews content. At the same time insome cases, the lines betweennational and international issuesbecome blurred. The present Iraqi

crisis for example, or issues likeglobalisation and refugees cannotbe ignored.

Finally there are some issues whichmay not be obvious for inclusion inEND bulletins but which I feel havetheir place. Indigenous issues, forexample, are important for tworeasons. The first is that theseissues are part of the wider debateabout race in Australia. The secondis that the gap between ethniccommunities and indigenouscommunities has often appearedwider than the gap between blackand white Australians. Once againmisrepresentation in the mediameans that newcomers to Australiaoften have the wrong impression ofindigenous Australians. END tries toset this record straight.


TRANSLATORSWANTED!!!We would like to make contact with translators in thefollowing languages: Arabic / Bosnian / Cambodian(Khmer) / Cantonese / Czech / Farsi / German / Greek /Samoan / Somali / Thai / Tongan.

You need to have internet access and be able totranslate 4–5 short stories three times per week.Interested? Send an email to [email protected] orcall Rebekah Pasqualini (END Co-ordinator) on (613)9486 9549.

The Ethnic News Digest is available atwww.nembc.org.au.

The Ethnic News Digest is theNEMBC’s Australian News andCurrent Affairs service.

It is a web based news service with shortAustralian news stories written specificallyfor use by community radio broadcasters.Stories are updated three times a weekand are translated into 16 differentlanguages by a group of dedicatedvolunteer translators.

The Digest is free and is designed to helpbroadcasters cover Australian news andcurrent affairs stories on their programs, inaddition to their coverage of localcommunity and overseas news. As thestories are already written the servicesaves programmers valuable time inpreparing news stories. Using the Digestalso means broadcasters avoid copyrightproblems, which arise from usingcommercial sources.

The Digest is your news service, so makesure you use it!

� Go to www.nembc.org.au andclick on the language you prefer to use.

� Download the stories and you’re readyto go to air!

END NEWS STORIES ARE CURRENTLYAVAILABLE IN:

Amharic [Ethiopian]

Dutch

English

Espanol (Spanish)

Francais (French)

Hravatzki (Croatian)

Indonesian

Italiano

Macedonian

Polish

Portuguese – News stories are againavailable in Portuguese

Pycckom (Russian)

Serbian

Sinhala (Sinhalese)

Tagalog [Filipino]

Turkish

Vietnamese

News YOUCan Use!The Ethnic News Digest


CBF Grant DeadlinesGrant Program Round Due date

Ethnic Grants Rd 2, 2002/03 9 April 03

Ethnic Training Grants Rd 3, 2002/03 12 May 03

Indigenous Grants Rd 2, 2002/03 4 April 03

RPH Grants Rd 2, 2002/03 11 April 03

General Grants Rd 1, 2003/04 26 September 03

NTN Network Subsidy Rd 1, 2003/04 11 July 2003

AMRAP Grants Rd 2, 2002/03 To be confirmed

DDN Infrastructure 2002/03 To be confirmed

CAN Infrastructure 2002/03 Any time

Satellite Equipment 2002/03 Any time

For more information about CBF grants, including guidelines, application

forms and grant reporting refer to the CBF website www.cbf.com.au/grants.htm.

ETHNIC YOUTH PARTICIPATIONGRANTS

The CBF is pleased to announcethe launch of a new grant categoryto support ethnic youth communitybroadcasting. Developed inconsultation with the NEMBC YouthCommittee, the “YouthParticipation” grants are to assistprojects that will encourageinvolvement of ethnic youth in localcommunity radio stations. Radiostations or incorporated ethnicbroadcasting groups (such asumbrella groups) can apply for upto $1,500 to conduct activities orprojects such as concerts, opendays, or promotional campaignsthat will result in increased ethnic ormulticultural youth programmingand increased ethnic youthparticipation in station decisionmaking and planning structures andprocesses. Examples of suitableinitiatives are described on theNEMBC website.

OTHER ETHNIC GRANTOPPORTUNITIES

Other grant categories in the EthnicGrants round, which has justopened, include Ethnic ProgramGrants and Development Grants forNew Program Groups, New,Emerging & Refugee Communities,and Innovation projects. Guidelinesand application forms for EthnicGrants Round 2 - 2002/03 are

available from the CBF website,www.cbf.com.au. Submissionsmust be received by the CBF by9 April 2003.

RECOGNISING SUPPORT FORNEW, EMERGING AND REFUGEECOMMUNITIES

The CBF wishes to ensure that ithas accurate information regardingthe level of support provided tonew, emerging and refugeecommunities involved in ethniccommunity broadcasting. Asinformation to date has only beensought on the language content offunded programs rather than morespecific audience information it has

been difficult to recognise new,emerging and refugee communitiesthat share the same language asmore established ethnic groups. Forexample a program aimed at anemerging Ecuadorian community inSydney could not be easilydistinguished from programsserving the general Spanishspeaking community.

It would be helpful if whencompleting the Program Details toaccompany your station’sprogramming application (CBFForm E.4), applicants could indicatewhether their program has as atarget audience a particular culturalgroup. For example, if your program

Community BroadcastingFoundation News

$$$$ $$$$MONEY


Source: CBAA | Date: 14-11-02 / www.cbonline.org.au

The Australian Broadcasting Authority has registered revised codes ofpractice for the community broadcasting sector. The revised codeswere developed by the sector as facilitated by the CommunityBroadcasting Association of Australia (CBAA). They replace thoseoriginally registered by the ABA in January 1995. They reflect theoutcome of a review of the codes conducted by the CBAA during2002. The codes have been modified to take account of changes incommunity attitudes, the concerns of complainants to the ABA and theviews of the community broadcasting sector. The codes apply to allcommunity broadcasting licensees.

ABA Chairman Professor David Flint said that the revised codes wouldfurther enhance the effectiveness of the co-regulatory scheme.

”The CBAA has worked to ensure that the codes continue to addressconcerns about access to and participation in the communitybroadcasting sector, and best practice in complaint handling and theresolution of disputes within stations.”

For information about the review process and a summary of feedbackprovided see the CBAA website www.cbaa.org.au.

Community Radio Stations licensed since 1 December 2002Licence Date Name State Locality Frequency

01-May-03 Northern Midlands Community Broadcasters Inc. TAS Northern Midlands 95.7 FM

04-Apr-03 South East Christian Broadcasters Inc. SA Mt. Gambier 104.9 FM

01-Mar-03 Yass Community Radio Association Incorporated NSW Yass 100.3 FM

01-Mar-03 Heritage Radio Association WA Armadale 107.3 FM

01-Mar-03 BOD FM Inc. TAS Break O’Day 93.7 FM

01-Mar-03 Radio VLU2-FM Announcers Assoc. Inc. WA Christmas Island 102.1 FM

01-Mar-03 Kalamunda Community Radio Inc. WA Kalamunda 102.5 FM

01-Mar-03 Port Hedlands Indigenous Media Aboriginal Corp. WA Port Hedland 101.3 FM

09-Feb-03 Riverina Christian Radio Inc. NSW Wagga Wagga 107.9 FM

02-Feb-03 Tasman Community Broadcasters Inc. TAS Tasman Peninsula 97.7 FM

01-Feb-03 Portuguese Cultural & Recreational Centre WA Inc. WA Fremantle 91.3 FM

01-Feb-03 Gosford Christian Broadcasters Ltd. NSW Gosford 94.9 FM

23-Dec-02 Tasmanian University Broadcasters Inc. TAS South Hobart 99.3 FM

06-Dec-02 Great Southern FM C.B.A. Inc. SA Victor Harbour 90.1 FM

06-Dec-02 Encounter FM Community Broadcasters Assoc. Inc. SA Fleurieu Peninsula 89.3 FM

INDUSTRY NEWS: NewCodes of Practice

is in Arabic, is it aimed primarily atlisteners from Syria? This level ofdetail will assist the CBF to gaugethe level of its support for new andemerging communities.

CBF GRANT ACQUITTALREQUIREMENTS

Please remember that if yourstation is applying for any currentCBF grants all overdue GrantReports, audited annual financialstatements and Statement byAuditor to the CBF must be lodgedwith the CBF before any new grantscan be processed. You shouldcontact the CBF if you are unable tomeet the reporting deadline orrequire advice regarding any aspectof the CBF’s grant application andacquittal processes.


Movimento FM again hosted the biggestItalian Party kicking off the New Year. This yearMovimento FM’s Dolce harbour cruise was onthe stunning “Lady Rose” – the biggest andnewest cruising catamaran on SydneyHarbour. It had licensed bars, a cocktail deck,large dance floor and wrap around decks on alllevels with 360 degrees views.

Friday 10th of January saw a huge crowd of over 400people board the boat at the Star City casino wharf.The Movimento crew were swept off their feet servingpizza, gelato and dolci.

DJs Mr C, Stefano, Cheeky Steve and DJ ROQ kept thecrowd happy playing all the best in R’n’B, Dance, EuroDance, the greatest and latest Italian dance tracks andthe good old tarantella! Plus our very own Cicciu wasMC for the night.

We were fortunateenough to havetwo special guestson board: Bobofrom the SBSshow Fat Pizzaentertaining thecrowd with hisstand up comedyas well as Elio, thedesigner of the

STATION NEWS

3ZZZ is looking forward to a veryactive year. Two new staffappointments have been made.Claudine Ellis has been employedfull time as a youth developmentofficer and Dave Pithouse will beworking part time in radio production.Both Claudine and Dave were firstemployed under a Traineeshipscheme at the station for 12 months.Staff and volunteers are delightedthat they will be staying on.

New Focus at 3ZZZPizza’s Bobo and friends.

Anthony “Mr.C” Colombo(Movimento FM / NEMBC YouthCommittee).

DOLCE 3The sweetest sounds of summer

upcoming‘Collezione Elio’Shirt range. Therewere giveaways anda competition withgreat prizes.

The night was agreat successfulsell-out event andhuge thank-yousmust go out to allthat attended as wellas the MovimentoFM crew andsponsors for makingthe night possible.

Movimento FM is an Italian community radio program onRadio 2000 on 98.5FM. It organises, supports, promotesand participates in various community activities and highprofile events, acting as ambassadors of Italian language,culture and goodwill. Movimento FM is produced andmanaged by a dedicated team of young Italo-Australianvolunteers with several years of experience in radiobroadcasting, radio production and other business skills.

Movimento FM goes to air every Monday to Thursday at5.00pm and Saturdays at 6.00pm Radio 2000 98.5. Youcan email us on [email protected].

Cathy Giannini

Young people and women will bethe focus of two new committees atthe station. An inaugural meeting ofinterested people saw great supportfor the idea of exploring ways inwhich both women and youngpeople would be more activelyinvolved in all aspects of thestation.

Initially separate committees forwomen and young people will beformed with a view of makingrecommendations to the board.

3ZZZ will soon be moving into its finalphase of studio redevelopment. Lastyear saw the completion of a brandnew studio as well as refurbishmentof two others. This year a newproduction space will be fitted outspecifically for voice recordings andStudio 3 will be refurbished in linewith the other studios. Thecompletion of this project will bringuniformity to all studios, hopefullymaking life a little easier for allbroadcasters and trainers.


AROUND AUSTRALIA

Young broadcasters at 1CMS

Laura Aoun and Nabil Adhami –1CMS ArabicYouth Program

Young people have beenshowing increasing interest inthe radio, and somecommunities already havespecial youth programsrunning.

We have now six youth programs,Tutti Frutti, French youth, Serbianyouth, Tongan youth, Sinhaleseyouth and YALA. Three of themhave been broadcasting for quitesome time, even for years, like TuttiFrutti and the French youngsters.Tutti Frutti is an independent youthprogram broadcasting three times a

On Wednesday 19 February 6EBA-FM hosted theGovernor of the State of WA Lt. General JohnSanderson AC and Mrs. Lorraine Sanderson. Theywere guests of the women’s program Connectionsproduced and presented by Diane Popovich, SamarNaseem and Elaine Pearman. This program has beenrunning for five years and covers many issues ofconcern to women. (Wednesdays 10:30 a.m. –1:00 p.m.)

One of the segments is Crime Stoppers, produced inpartnership with the Crime Stoppers Unit of the WAPolice. The Vice-Regal couple were invited to visitthe station at a Crime Stoppers award presentationlast October.

The Governor talked about his life before becomingthe WA Vice-Regal representative, his patronage ofCrime Stoppers, as well as outlining the importanceof ethnic media as a lifeline to so many in thecommunity from non-English speaking backgrounds.

Vice-Regal

Mrs. Sanderson talked about her patronage of around100 community charities and groups and promised toparticipate in the program, official duties permitting.

The Vice- Regal couple met with members of theMRTA of WA Inc. Council, (license holders of 6EBA-FM), their wives and Paul Pearman, Station Managerthanked the Connections team for their efforts.

Diane Popovich (6EBA)

Governor of WA visits 6EBA-FM. L—R: Alessandro Lutero(President MRTA of WA Inc), Mrs Joyce Lutero, HisExcellency Lt General John Sanderson AC, Mrs LorraineSanderson, Elaine Pearman and Samar Naseem.

week, in English. The other fourprograms broadcast in theirrespective languages, usually oncea week. The Tongan, Sinhalese andthe Serbian programs are allconnected to the adult languageprograms for the same languages.The newest one is YALA, Lebaneseyouth talking Arabic. This programis the only program in Arabic.

Ragnheidur Olafsdottir – secretary ofthe Ethnic Broadcasting Council,Canberra


Radio 4EB at the Australia Day Parade

Suddenly, I find myself with a‘strange’ flag in my hands and Iimmediately felt part of the greatAustralian celebration. It was a longtime ago when Captain ArthurPhillip and the First Fleet raised theflag on Australia’s first Europeansettlement at Sydney Cove: 26January 1788.

215 years later on a quiet Sundayafternoon a group of people fromRadio 4EB, headed by RobertTaylor, are preparing to take part in

‘World Radio’ 6EBA-FM is Perth’s only fulltimecommunity multi-lingual radio station. Itbroadcasts in approximately 50 languages andhas been on air in its own right for 12 years.

The past year has been one of immense activity andchange, starting in March 2002 with the upgrading of thestudios with new 16 channel desks, a computer basedrecording / editing suite, and a music delivery system. Allbroadcasters have been trained in the new equipment.

In June the Premier of WA and Minister for MulticulturalInterests, Hon. Dr. Geoff Gallop, officially opened the

Way Out Westupgraded studios. Dr. Gallop also presented lifetimememberships of our association, (MRTA of WA Inc.), toMr. Alessandro Lutero, (MRTA President) and Ms. DianePopovich, (MRTA Treasurer). This was in honour of the“exemplary service to the Association and constantcommitment to Multicultural broadcasting in Perth WA”they have given over 26 and 22 years respectively.

In February 2003 a new 5KW solid state transmitterreplaced our original transmitter which was used forstandby purposes.

On 6 March there was the official launch of a StateGovernment Office of Multicultural Interests one and ahalf-hour radio program which will promote the benefits ofmulticulturalism to mainstream Western Australia. WAPremier, Dr. Gallop, will participate with a monthly talkbacksegment. Emerging communities not already on-air mayhave access to the airwaves through program segments.

A new Constitution will shortly be presented tomembers for their approval. It includes a completereview of all procedures, rules and regulations toensure the station continues to grow and comply withall relevant legislation.

2003–2004 looks like being another year of change anddevelopment. Happy broadcasting!Paul Pearman6EBA Station Manager

Brisbane’s Australia Day Parade.This time it is all about going on theroad and not on air! People runningaround with traditional Polishcostumes, barbecues,advertisements, and home-made-flyers. A nice Finnish girl is wearingthe 4EB cap too: great for the heatand the sun!

Among street performers, marchingbands and community groups in theprocession, Radio 4EB finds its wayacross Victoria Bridge and alongGrey Street, finishing up at Ernest

Street, South Bank. While drivingthrough the parade, a great numberof people stare at the van, somelook astonished at the 4EB CD theysuddenly find in their hands. Yessmile please today is the Day, youhave to celebrate… and Radio 4EBis here to represent the culturaldiversity of Australia. This is themessage. This is Australian presentpast and future, just keep smilingand try to contribute to the processof building a culture. And on thewhole you know it is a lot of fun!Rosa Merlini

Ok let’s be Austrayan

STATION NEWS

MRTA Council and Station Manager - 6EBA


4EBWorld Circuitry CDWorld Circuitry – From the Woodford Folk Festival 2002/03 has beenreleased. It’s a limited edition CD distributed to stations across Australia topromote the featured artists who have either brought themselves or theirmusic from around the world and now reside and perform throughoutAustralia.

Rick Heritage, who broadcasts 4EB’s World Music Programme GlobalGrooves, (Wednesday nights from 10.15pm), has worked with the artists onthe CD to produce a quality line up of artists that performed at the recentWoodford Folk Festival.

There are 13 different artists on the compilation and the CD covers avariety of styles. One important point about the Woodford Folk Festival isthe variety of artists that perform each year and we have tried to capturethe feel of the festival.

The compilation CD was funded by AMRAP and is for promotional useonly so it will not be available in record stores. Please contact 4EB FM on(07) 3240 8600 or via email: [email protected] for more information.

UNAUSTRALIAN features a varietyof Australian musical talent. Fromhuge bands like Killing Heidi, LivingEnd and Something for Kate tounsigned bands such as BoatPeople. There’s the beatsorientated tunes of Sonic Animationand Regurgitator and the laid backsounds of Alex Lloyd and JimmyLittle. Rock out to bands like Even,Bodyjar and 28 Days.

Red Hot Green Black is a charityorganisation promoting awarenessof environment and indigenousissues. They’re keen for ethniccommunity broadcasters to accessexciting Australian artists onUNAUSTRALIAN, and will postcopies of the CD, anywhere inAustralia – FREE OF CHARGE.

For FREE copies ofUNAUSTRALIAN please contact:Scott Alderson [email protected].

AROUND AUSTRALIA

FREE CD!!!!!!UNAUSTRALIAN

3 Disk CD-RomCompilation

The bush fires in Canberra on18 January also affectedCanberra Multicultural Service(1CMS) radio station.

It was pure luck that the house itselfdid not burn down, as the housenext door did, together with 529other houses in Canberra. Theradio station was closed down fornearly a month after the fire,because of technical issues, andwas finally reopened on16 February.

Even though we did not haveaccess to the studios in thebeginning of February, we decidedto participate in the NationalMulticultural Festival in Canberra on8 February, broadcasting from avan in Civic, close to the centre ofthe festival.The location enabled us

to create a nice spot for people toenjoy their food while listening toour programs – a rest from thenoisy main street.

The CMS radio broadcasts 32languages each week, and musicfrom at least as many differentcountries. Some languagecommunities broadcast up to eighthours a week, while others do oneto two hours a week.

Ragnheidur Olafsdottir – secretaryof the Ethnic Broadcasting Council(EBC), Canberra.

Lucky escape for 1CMS


The Hon. Gary Hardgrave MP Parliament House, Canberra ACT 2600

Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs Telephone: (02) 6277 7890

Facsimile: (02) 6273 0434

Message to Ethnic and Multicultural Broadcasters

I am writing to you in your role as a member of Australia’s ethnic and community media. As such, you provide an

important service, not only to your direct audience but to the communities they are part of and the whole country. Thank

you for your ongoing contribution to Australian multiculturalism

Recent events, especially the terrorist attacks in America in September 2001 and in Bali in October 2002, have changed

the way we see both ourselves and our world. Security issues and Australia’s role in the wider world have both emerged

as issues of concern for us all.

As you are no doubt aware, the Government is doing everything it can to make us safe at home. It is also co-operating

in international anti-terrorism initiatives. But where personal security is an issue and where tragedy has already touched

many lives, emotions will run high. There have already been acts of violence and vilification directed at fellow Australians

and their communities.

Freedom of speech is a powerful right, and an integral part of Australian democracy. However, there is a corresponding

responsibility, especially for the media, not to abuse this power by inciting hatred or violence. This responsibility is

perhaps even greater for ethnic and community media organisations, which are often uniquely trusted by their

communities to summarise and interpret events in Australia and across the world.

In this role, you are important community leaders. You are ideally placed to moderate and resolve the anger that may

emerge in times of stress, and to direct productive debate on the issues we need to focus on. I hope you will accept this

challenge: to use your hearts and minds, as well as your influence, to rise to the defence of our community harmony and

contribute productively to our future.

As a simple example, let me draw your attention to Harmony Day, which is celebrated on 21 March every year. It provides

an opportunity for Australians to think about our community’s success as a multicultural society, to re-commit to

continuing respect, goodwill and understanding between Australians of all backgrounds, and to say no to racism. You

may want to consider how you can promote Harmony Day in the lead up to March 2003. For more information, see

www.immi.gov.au/multicultural/harmonyday.

As well as your role within Australia, ethnic and community media often have an ambassadorial role in depicting Australia

for overseas audiences. It may be easy to be heard if the message focuses on and amplifies negative pictures of life in

Australia, such as injustices or dangers to your communities. I hope you will resist the temptation to exaggerate such

stories and remember also to tell the good news stories about our considerable democratic freedoms and the resilience

of community harmony.

We are more than separate communities, coincidentally sharing the same geographical location. We are Australians

together, sharing a future together. I ask you to respect the spirit of inclusiveness that underwrites Australian

multiculturalism, and to reflect in your work a belonging and loyalty to not just your own communities, but the wider

Australian community too.

I commend you on your work as a voice of multicultural Australia. In these challenging times, I look forward to your

continuing contribution to protecting the society that we have built together, and to attaining all that the future promises.

Yours sincerely

Gary Hardgrave

Message to Ethnic andMulticultural Broadcasters


In January the Ministerfor Citizenship andMulticultural Affairs, MrGary Hardgrave, wrote toethnic broadcastersaround Australia urgingthem to avoid racialvilification on theairwaves and also toavoid painting a negativepicture of Australia.

Mr Hardgrave asked theNEMBC to pass his letter onto our members, and we aredoing so by publishing it inThe Ethnic Broadcaster,overleaf.

While we have agreed todistribute the Minister’s letterto our members, we haveconcerns about some aspectsof it. We expressed thoseconcerns in a reply to MrHardgrave, which we alsopublish here. In summary, wethink Mr Hardgrave was ill-advised to single out ethniccommunity broadcasters,especially when their recordfor promoting tolerance andharmony is much better thanthat of the commercial sector.

We respond to theMinister 28 January 2003

Hon. Gary Hardgrave MPMinister for Citizenship and Multicultural AffairsParliament HouseCanberra ACT 2600

Dear Gary

Thank you for your letter of January 8th and for your kind words about the work of the NEMBC. Alsothank you for speaking to our national conference recently. We will publish your letter in the nextedition of our newsletter, The Ethnic Broadcaster, together with this response.No doubt you have seen media reports of the NEMBC’s response to your letter to ethnic communitybroadcasters. We have concerns about some aspects of your letter, which I would like to elaboratehere.

All Australians have an obligation to avoid incitement to hatred or violence. We are concerned thatrather than promoting community harmony, singling out ethnic community broadcasters may have theopposite effect. We fear that those with prejudices against some ethnic communities may interpretyour letter (or more likely, media reports of your letter) as confirming those prejudices.People of non-English speaking background take Australian citizenship, and its responsibilities,seriously. As you know a much higher proportion of migrants from non-English speaking countriestake out Australian citizenship than migrants from England and New Zealand. It worries us then thatthe public may get the impression that the government believes that migrants of non English speakingbackground are not properly fulfilling their responsibilities as citizens.I know that you have been personally supportive of the Australian Ethnic Radio Training Project(AERTP). I would like to remind you of the critical role this project has played in fostering bettercommunity relations. The Broadcast Law and Standards module of the AERTP program, in addition tocovering legal issues such as defamation and contempt of court, deals explicitly and extensively withthe issues of racial vilification and the CBAA Code of Practice. This unit deals in detail with the CBAACode of Practice which provides, inter alia that :• Community stations must “Incorporate programming policies which oppose and attempt to break

down prejudice on the basis of race, sex, nationality, religion, disability, ethnic background, ageor sexual preference”

• Broadcasters “shall not broadcast material which may stereotype, incite, vilify, or perpetuatehatred against, or attempt to demean any person or group on the basis of ethnicity, nationality,race, gender, sexual preference, religion, age or physical or mental disability.”

It is the single most subscribed module of the 28 topics covered by the program, and more than 80%of the 3000 AERTP participants have successfully completed the Broadcast Law and Standards unit.Training of ethnic and multicultural broadcasters through the AERTP has been one of the NEMBC’smost effective ways of opposing incitement to racial hatred in our sector. For your information a copyof the training support notes used by the accredited trainers who have delivered this course to wellover 2000 broadcasters are enclosed.The government now has an excellent opportunity to give practical effect to its professed concern aboutincitement to hatred in the media by agreeing to continue funding the Australian Ethnic Radio TrainingProject.

Yours sincerelyGeorge ZangalisPresident


Facts do not ceaseto exist becausethey are ignored.—Aldous Huxley

Radio is a powerfulmedium and in times ofwar provides one of theonly forums availablefor ordinary people toexpress their opinions. As veteranAustralian journalist John Pilgercommented recently, “The quality ofdebate amongst the public has beenhigh… but the media has not reallycontributed to the debate”.1 Apartfrom ‘Letters to the Editor’ and thevaluable space for discussion radioprovides, Pilger criticised the media’slevel of debate surrounding the Iraqcrisis as “poor, because so muchspace and time is channelling andechoing the official viewpoint.”

The primarily non-commercialnature of community broadcastingmeans that unlike most mainstreammedia, ethnic communitybroadcasters are in the morepowerful position of informing theircommunities without the samepressure to conform to the wishesof advertisers and owners. Thehistory of ethnic community radiohas been one of comparativeopenness – to differing ideas andviewpoints – and most importantly

Wartime Reporting and EthnicCommunity Broadcasting

access. The access it offers toordinary people to participate in thedissemination of ideas andinformation and to access the powerthat the media has in our society.

This article looks at wartime reportingand the task broadcasters face overthe coming months in recognising thepropaganda generated by all sides ofthe conflict. It offers a guide to findinginformation from a multitude ofalternative sources to presentcomprehensive and balancedprograms.

“The first casualty when war comes,is truth,” said American SenatorHiram Johnson in 1917, and thisseems truer now than ever asconflict rages in Iraq. In times ofwar, particularly unpopular wars,most governments seek to controlpublic opinion by the carefulmanipulation of informationprovided by the media.

In wartime the media is oftenregarded, especially by the military,

as a problem to bemanaged and variousforms of censorship areapplied. Free and openpublic discussion isrestricted and dissentbecomes ‘unpatriotic’.

Journalist andacademic, Professor

Jacqueline Sharkey, spoke to RadioNational on the difficulty of accuratereporting in an age of spin-doctoringand tight controls over the media:

“...the Pentagon has learned that themore it controls information, and themore it prevents independent accessto information on the battlefield, themore likely the Pentagon and theWhite House are to maintain publicsupport for a military conflict…….itisn’t just the real time informationthat’s the problem, it’s history itselfthat’s the problem here, because ifreporters are not allowed to evenobserve activities on the battlefield,even again if they can’t report themright away, then there’s no chancethat the public will ever have anobjective assessment on thesemilitary operations.”2

Journalists in many countries,especially those working underdictatorships in countries such as Iraqare censored, often persecuted and

The First Casualtyof War

1 ‘Pilger criticises war reporting in Newspapers and TV’ Radioinfo 31/01/03 www.radioinfo.com.au/newsitem.php?id=822


sometimes murdered. Despite thepopular expectation that functioningdemocracies require a stronglyindependent ‘watchdog’ press, inWestern societies also there areefforts to stifle political debate and tolimit the war correspondent’s role asa seeker of truth.

POOL COVERAGE ANDCENSORSHIP BY ACCESSMedia commentators warn that dueto military secrecy and governmentspin doctoring, reporters are beingprevented from portraying a full andaccurate picture of the conflict inIraq. The main problem, as in the1991 Gulf War, is obtaining real ‘onthe ground’ access.

Most journalists covering the Iraqwar are restricted to the ‘pool’ atCoalition Command Central inQatar. During the Gulf Warindependent access to thebattlefield by the media wasdiscouraged also. Reporters wererestricted to Riadh, Saudi Arabia.They were provided with footageand fed information during dailymilitary briefings. The image andstory starved news media then usedthis material, generally withoutindependent verification.

As Professor Sharkey recalls “whatyou got was a lot of reporting thatreally was nothing more than kindof a show that the Pentagon wouldput on for the day. There was verylittle access to any kind of actualoperations. And what this did ofcourse was allow the Pentagon intheir daily briefings in Washingtonand in Riad, to show these thingslike the gun camera footage thatshowed these unerring militarystrikes with these smart bombs, andit wasn’t until after the war that thepress learned that only 8.8% of thebombs dropped on Iraq actually had

precision guidance mechanismsand the rest of them were so-calleddumb bombs. 72,000 tonnes ofthem, and no-one really knew whatthose things had hit.”3

WHERE ARE THE AUSTRALIANTROOPS?Australian reporters areexperiencing difficulties in accessingAustralian troops. Since troops leftfor the Gulf in late January there hasbeen very little coverage in theAustralian media, yet there has beenextensive coverage both here andoverseas of the operations ofAmerican and British troops.Considering the general oppositionof the Australian public,demonstrated in recent peacemarches around the country, to warand the commitment of Australiantroops, this seems to be part of apolitical, not a military agenda.

The Minister for Defence, SenatorHill, claims he supports mediaaccess to Australian troops. Yet thenews that a law firm, Clayton Utz,was hired by the Department ofDefence to draw up strictagreements for journalists to signprior to receiving accreditation tocover the war is an ominous sign.The military then told the Australianmedia “all journalists intending tocover coalition operations mustseek accreditation from U.S.Central Command HQ in the Gulf” 4

‘EMBEDDED’ JOURNALISTSJournalists from corporate medianetworks across the world haveflocked to Kuwait to join ‘the pool’and become ‘embedded’ in the U.S.military – supposedly to see the warat first hand. Robert Fisk writes thatthey are likely to get “the kind ofcoverage that every reporter andevery general wants: a few facts,good pictures and nothing dirty to

make the viewers throw up on thebreakfast table.”5

In late February, 500 journalistsbegan the pre-war training processthat the U.S. Department ofDefence calls ‘embedding for life’.During the war they’re ‘embedded’in military units and according to theU.S. follow them “all the way to thevictory parade”. 6

During the Gulf War the U.S. militarycalled this process the ‘buddy-buddy’ relationship. It entailscourses in chemical and biologicalwarfare and other military training forjournalists going to “the front”. At thesame time CNN allowed Pentagon“trainees” into their newsroom.

Foreign journalists in Iraq work understrict supervision from Iraqiintelligence with constant threats ofexpulsion, restricted freedom ofmovement and access to information.Rejecting the relative safety of‘embedding’, many journalists in Iraqare braving the dangers of warfare,providing us with the onlyindependent Western footage frominside Iraq. Non-embeddedjournalists will be essential when thestory shifts to that of post-war Iraq.Arab media organisations such as Al-Jazeera also provide independentnews from inside Iraq.

SELF-CENSORSHIP AND‘SCRIPT APPROVAL’Journalists practice forms of self-censorship essential to maintaininga career in the mainstream mediaand know that asking the ‘right’questions is as important aslearning never to ask the ‘wrong’ones. Government and militarybriefings are usually scripted interms of both the questions askedand answers given. So called‘Gatekeepers’ (editors, owners) inthe media determine what is news

2 Radio National – The Media Report 4/10/01 – www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/mediarpt/stories/s401589.htm3 Radio National – The Media Report4 Where are our troops?’ – ABC’s Media Watch 24/02/03 – www.abc.net.au/mediawatch/transcripts/s791714.htm5 ‘War Journalists Should Not Be Cosying Up To The Military’ Robert Fisk 21/01/03 – www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=15&ItemID=28956 ‘Reporters await ‘embedding’ for US eye-view of Iraq’ ABC Radio’s ‘The World Today’ 24/02/03 – www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/s791319.htm


and all journalists know what theiremployers expect of them.

CNN, having introduced a new anti-journalistic system of ‘Script Approval’in time for the invasion of Iraq, hastaken ‘editorial control’ to newheights. This policy means that alljournalists working outside the U.S.must submit their scripts (or copy) tohead office in Atlanta for approval.7

Trevor Bormann, a former Gulf Warreporter now reporting in Baghdad forthe ABC’s Foreign Correspondent,understands the propaganda pushbetter than most. As he told RadioNational “Clearly the challenge for thePentagon and indeed thegovernment of the United States is towin the media war, because this timethey can’t claim the high moralground, public opinion seems to beagainst them in this war. So that willmake their challenge ever moreimportant to win over hearts andminds and the media is the device bywhich they will do that.”8

INDEPENDENT MEDIA AND THESEARCH FOR ALTERNATIVETRUTHSThere is a one fundamentaldifference between the 1991 GulfWar and today and that is thephenomenal rise of the Internetaccompanied by a worldwideexplosion of alternative andindependent news sources. Ethniccommunity radio is an integral partof this proliferation of alternativevoices and information sources.

Ethnic broadcasters in Australia willbe well aware of the possibilities theInternet offers to users who wish tocast “their net far wider as theysearch for explanation andcontext”.9 When sourcing contentfor news and current affairs,entertainment and music for theirprogrammes, the Internet is a

revolutionary and inexpensive toolfor broadcasters to utilise.

It is just as important for communitybroadcasters to research and drawmaterial from widely varying sourcesas it is to question the official line,and the depth of knowledge theInternet offers is mind-boggling. Thepropaganda push becomesproblematic when broadcasters andmedia consumers can easily accessa multitude of viewpoints. The powerof the Internet lies in its immediacyand accessibility.

We are living in a unique time inhistory – a time where people neednot exist as isolated and powerlessspectators informed by a corporatemass media. A time where they canseek out knowledge and connect withpeople around the world on a scaleunimaginable even 10 years ago. Atime where ordinary Australians canexpress a multitude of views andencourage open debate within theircommunities by accessing thethriving medium of community radio.

Adam Porter, founder of YearZero,a ‘disobedient’ Internet based UKcurrent affairs quarterly, envisions“…an alternative news network thatwill eventually rival traditionalmedia. “It’s really patronising toassume, as the mainstream mediaoften does,” he says, “that ordinarypeople don’t talk about Iraq, asylumor economics down the pub. Youcan go all around the world and findsimilar things and it’s the web that’sbringing them together.”10

CELEBRATING DIVERSITY ANDPROMOTING PEACEEthnic broadcasters have the right,along with every other Australian, tofreedom of speech – to questionand discuss openly governmentpolicies, both domestic and foreign.They also have the responsibility to

abide by Australian broadcastinglaws. When providing current affairsand news they have the addedresponsibility, like all journalists, tobe fair and unbiased, to researchthoroughly and to present manydifferent opinions and points ofview. In wartime these rights andresponsibilities become especiallyimportant as tensions and fears risewithin the community.

It is important overseas news andcurrent affairs are not just recycledfor ethnic radio listeners. This iswhere the NEMBC’s Ethnic NewsDigest is an indispensable serviceas it’s designed to help broadcasterscover Australian news and currentaffairs stories on their programs, inaddition to their coverage of localcommunity and overseas news.

Australia is physically an island butculturally and intellectually willnever be. Ethnic broadcasters areuniquely placed both to assist theircommunities in maintaining contactwith their countries of origin and incultivating worldwide links withalternative media organisations.

Over the coming months coverageof the Iraq conflict and its aftermathneed not only focus on conflict andviolence – wartime broadcastingshould also be about peace. Themassive peace movement growingaround the world relies on the workof ordinary people – to talk about itin their communities and in themedia. Interview people in yourcommunity about their work towardspeace, and give space in yourprograms to ideas and opinions thatcounter war.

Above all stay true to the proudhistory within ethnic broadcasting offurthering multiculturalism andpromoting understanding andharmony between communities.Rebekah Pasqualini

7 ‘Censored: A New CNN System Of ‘Script Approval’ Suggests The Pentagon Will Have Nothing To Worry About’ By Robert Fisk 25/02/03 – www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=21&ItemID=31228 ‘Caught in the war “pool”’ Radio National – ‘The Media Report’ 6/2/03 – www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/mediarpt/stories/s777173.htm9 ‘Spin caught in a web trap’ The Guardian 17/02/03 – http://media.guardian.co.uk/iraqandthemedia/story/0,12823,897330,00.html10 ‘Spin caught in a web trap’ The Guardian


ONLINE ALTERNATIVE MEDIASITES

Afrikan Frontline Network –www.afrikan.net/

Al Jazeera – www.al-jazeera.com/(Arabic) – http://english.aljazeera.net (English)

Association For ProgressiveCommunication – www.apc.org/english/index.htm (English &Spanish)

Disinfopedia – the encyclopedia ofpropaganda –www.disinfopedia.org/wiki.phtml

Electronic Intifada –www.electronicintifada.net

The Indy Press Association Site –www.indypress.org/

International ProgressivePublications Network –www.ippn.ws/index.cfm

iraqjournal.org –www.iraqjournal.org/

Media Channel –www.mediachannel.org/

Reporters Sans Frontiers –www.rsf.fr/ (French, English &Spanish)

YearZero – www.yearzero.org

ZNet – ZNET is a huge websiteupdated many times daily anddesigned to convey information andprovide community. ZNet offersinformation through an extensivedaily commentary program featuringwriters such as Robert Fisk, GeorgeMonbiot, John Pilger and NoamChomsky, interviews, diverse watchareas and sub-sites, archives andlinks.

ZNET – www.zmag.org/weluser.htm

ZNET Alternative Media Resources– www.zmag.org/altmediaresources.htm

ZNET is translated into the followinglanguages:

Spanish – www.zmag.org/Spanish/index.htm

Italian – www.zmag.org/Italy/index.htm

Turkish/Kurdish – www.zmag.org/Turkey/index.htm

Japanese – www.hct.zaq.ne.jp/akubi/ZNetJ.html

Czech/Slovak – www.zmag.org/Slovak/index.htm

French – www.ao.qc.ca/traductions/znet/tableznet.html

Bulgarian – www.zmag.org/Bulgaria/index.htm

Swedish – http://hem2.passagen.se/cyberc/parecon/index.htm

INDY MEDIA SITES

Belgium, Europe – http://belgium.indymedia.org/

Congo, Africa – http://congo.indymedia.org/ (French &English)

France, Europe – http://france.indymedia.org/

Israel – www.indymedia.org.il/

Italy, Europe – http://italy.indymedia.org/

Melbourne, AUS –www.melbourne.indymedia.org/

Mexico – http://mexico.indymedia.org/ (Spanish)

Prague, Europe – http://prague.indymedia.org/

Quebec – http://quebec.indymedia.org/

Sydney, AUS – http://sydney.indymedia.org/

NON-COMMERCIAL &COMMUNITY RADIO INFO /RESOURCE SITES

National Ethnic & MulticulturalBroadcasters Council –www.nembc.org.au

The World Association ofCommunity Broadcasters (AMARC)– www.amarc.org (English,French, Spanish)

Non-Commercial Radio aroundNorth America and the World –www.gumbopages.com/other-radio.html

The Pacifica Network –www.pacifica.org/

Radio 4 All – www.radio4all.org/(huge list of links to alternative radio

stations worldwide)

INTERNATIONAL ALTERNATIVERADIO SHOWS / STATIONS

Black Liberation Radio – http://burn.ucsd.edu/~blr/

BZU OutLoud: Berzeit UniversityRadio (Palestine) – http://home.birzeit.edu/outloud/

Radio Campus Paris –www.radiocampusparis.org/(French)

Radio Free World (Idyllwild,California) –www.radiofreeworld.com/

Radio Havana Cuba –www.radiohc.org/ (English,French, Portuguese, Spanish)

Radio Netherlands – www.rnw.nl/cgi-bin/home/enhome.pl (Dutch,English, French, Indonesian,Portuguese, Spanish)

Radio Z Nuernberg – www.radio-z.net/ (German)

TUC Radio – www.tucradio.org/about.html

Vancouver Cooperative Radio –www.vcn.bc.ca/cfro/

WBAI (New York City PacificaRadio) – www.wbai.org/

MEDIA SITES WITH AUDIO FILES

CounterSpin (FAIR) –www.webactive.com/cspin/

Hightower Radio –www.webactive.com/hightower/

Pacifica Network News –www.webactive.com/webactive/pacifica/pnn.html

Women’s International NewsGathering Service (WINGS) –www.wings.org/

NEMBC Executive

President: George Zangalis, VICVice-President: Victor Marillanca, ACTSecretary: Marisol Salinas, VICTreasurer: Joanne Fettke, QLDMembers: Hans Degenhart, SA

Osai Faiva, NSWPeter Ho, QLDAlex Lutero, WARamkumar Konesparamoorthy, NTKarina Ceron, TAS

NEMBC StaffExecutive Officer: Darce Cassidy – [email protected] Officer: Rebekah Pasqualini – [email protected], Emerging & Refugee Communities Outreach, Training and Broadcasting ProjectOfficer: Indira Narayan – [email protected] Coordinator: Helen Bowman – [email protected]: Denis WestEthnic News Digest Coordinator: Rebekah Pasqualini – [email protected] News Digest Journalist: Nicola Joseph – [email protected]

Editorial Review Committee:Osai FaivaGeorge Zangalis

Editorial Team:Darce CassidyRebekah Pasqualini

The Ethnic Broadcaster Coordinator: Rebekah PasqualiniNewsletter Design and Layout: Michael NolanNewsletter Printers: M & T Printers Co.

The Ethnic Broadcaster is the quarterly journal of the National Ethnic and MulticulturalBroadcasters’ Council (NEMBC).

The views expressed in The Ethnic Broadcaster are not necessarily the views of theNEMBC.

NEMBC Office and Contact Details1st Floor, 156 George StreetFitzroy VIC 3065Postal Address:PO Box 1144Collingwood VIC 3066Phone: 03 9486 9549Fax: 03 9486 9499Email: [email protected]: www.nembc.org.auTh

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Bro

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ster Introducing YOUR SAY! – an exciting addition to The Ethnic Broadcaster.

Your Say! is a forum for our readers, so take advantage of it and send us yourletters for publication in the next edition.We also welcome contributions to The Ethnic Broadcaster, especially fromNEMBC members.Advertise in The Ethnic Broadcaster – please contact us for rates.

For more information please contact Rebekah Pasqualini on 03 9486 9549 orvia email: [email protected].

CHECK OUT THE NEMBC WEBSITE: www.nembc.org.au

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