Read Succeed

UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON. LCC.

Section 5F

Chapter 2 Vocabulary

GENOVEVA PASTRANA:

• a person who pleads the cause of another person in a court of law

• a person who pleads for or behalf in another cause or policy.

• a person who works for a cause or group

Examples:

• “Some health advocates believe that unhealthy foods should not be

available in certain places.” (p.57)1

• A passionate lawyer advocate for civil rights.

Chapter 2 Vocabulary

GENOVEVA PASTRANA:

• doing or involving a lot of sitting : not doing or involving much

physical activity

• Sitting down and not moving

Examples:

• “Are those who live a sedentary life more prone to certain illnesses

than are more active types of people?” (p.58)1

• Their health conditions were caused by their sedentary lifestyles.

• This work is making people sedentary.

Chapter 2 Vocabulary

GENOVEVA PASTRANA:

• Definition : a substance that plants, animals, and people need for

grow and live ; a substance which is needed to be alive.

Examples:

• “As a result of this trend, such terms as nutrient, fiber, and saturated

fats have entered the mainstream.” (p.59)1

• Fruits and vegetables are essentials nutrients.

• Breakfast is enriched with nutrient proteins and vitamins.

Chapter 2 Vocabulary

GENOVEVA PASTRANA:

Definition: Come into view or become known or regarded as something

or to rise or appear from a hidden or unknown place or condition.

Examples:

• “Surprise, somewhat surprisingly, has emerged as a theme in my

recent work.” (p.71)1

• Problems have been emerged since we repaired the pipeline .

• a diver emerging from the water

Chapter 2 Vocabulary

GENOVEVA PASTRANA:

Definition: Think of (something that will or might happen in the future);

to expect or look ahead to (something) with pleasure to look forward to

(something) ; to do something before someone else

Examples:

• “The provincial government of Upper Austria convened a think tank experts

to help them anticipate and prepare for upcoming, societal surprises, in

pursuit of the best possible health, and social vital, for their population of 1.6

million people.” (p.71)1

• The author anticipated objections to his theory

Definition: strength, or a sense of purpose

Example 1: “The provincial government of Upper Austria convened a think tank of experts to help them anticipate and prepare for upcoming, societal surprises, in pursuit of the best possible health, and social vitality, for their population of 1.6 million people.” (p.71)1

Example 2: “His whole personality has this playful but serious nature, playful about life, vitality,” Hancock told CNN.

Lynette

Definition: outwardly appearing, or evident

Example 1: “After all, when you are asked to speak on a topic in which you ostensibly have expertise, you really aren’t supposed to be surprised.” (p.72)1

Example 2: He is also concerned about how much money is filtered through what are ostensibly consultants. (BBC)

Lynette

Definition: in general; on the whole

Example 1:” By and large, if you are surprised in a discussion of your own field, it means you haven’t been doing your homework!” (p.72)1

Example 2: These are the kinds of things that, by and large, should have bipartisan support. (WHITEHOUSE)

Lynette

Definition: to compare or contrast something.

Example 1: “But then I thought about the juxtaposition between what was going on in that auditorium, and outside of it- and did have a surprise to share.” (p.72)1

Example 2: This juxtaposition of simple and complex is a common trait of many traditional Korean arts and crafts. (ENGADGET)

Lynette

Definition: “an extreme diet that involves injections of HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)

Example 1: The Dukan diet is merely bad; the HCG diet is potentially deadly.” (p.72)1

Example 2: The Federal Trade Commission forced the Simeon Management Corporation to halt its deceptive advertising, and the HCG diet all but faded away as a miracle weight loss cure until Trudeau resurrected it.

Lynette

• The Dukan Diet is a diet plan originating in France. It is a protein-based

diet designed by a French doctor Pierre Dukan.

Examples:

“The Dukan Diet is a best-selling global phenomenon” (p.72)1

“The Dukan Diet is not healthful, and not sustainable”Ekram Alibrahim, 5F

• Definition: Able to be used without being completely used up or destroyed

Examples:“ The Dukan Diet is not healthful, and not sustainable” (p.72)1

“The government should do more to promote sustainable agriculture”

Root: sustain + ableEkram Alibrahim, 5F

• Definition: Relating to marriage or a wedding ceremony

Examples:

“The Dukan Diet is a best-selling global phenomenon because it has helped several women in the royal wedding party slim down for nuptial” (p.72)1

“The nuptial ceremony was performed on Sunday the 20th July, 1995”

Origin: Middle French & LatinEkram Alibrahim, 5F

• Definition: Causing death, or able to cause death

Examples:

“The HCG Diet combines hormone injections which all published studies show to be useless for weight loss, with extreme calories restriction that studies show can be lethal.” (p.72)1

“She was given a lethal dose of potassium chloride.”

Origin: Latin letalis, lethalis, from letum deathEkram Alibrahim, 5F

• Definition: Cover or overspread (something) with water or flood • To cause (someone or something) to receive or take in a large amount of things

at the same time• Examples:“The popularity of this concept is an open invitation to food manufacturers to start inundating us with “fructose free” junk food.” (p.73)1

“The company was inundated with inquiries about heat stress”

Origin: from Latin inundāre to flood, from unda waveEkram Alibrahim, 5F

Definition: the processional entry of a victorious general into ancient Rome.Examples:

• Example1: “Perhaps that’s the triumph of my own hope over experience, but what a happy surprise it would be!” (p.73)1

• Example2:We celebrated our triumph all over the school last year .

Zengxing 5F

Definition: Read carefully and understand what has been said.

Examples:

• Example: “It is the reader’s responsibility to read between the lines and figure out the author’s implied main idea.” (p.73)1

• Example2:We should pay attention to read between the lines when we have a read test.

Zengxing 5F

• Definition: Decreased or absent blood flow through an artery. Examples:

• Example1：”Strong proponents of veganism state that any consumption of animal products is wrong and that feeding animals products to children is forcing them into a life of obesity, clogged arteries, and chronic diet-related diseases.” (p.82)1

• Example2: High levels of cholesterol in the blood may produce clogged arteries.

Root:

• Clog (verb): Anything that hinders or obstructs.

Zengxing 5F

• Definition: It is the practice of refrain from using any animal product whatever for food, clothing, or any other purpose.

Examples:

• Example1:”Strong proponents of veganism state that any consumption of animal products is wrong and that feeding animals products to children is forcing them into a life of obesity,clogged arteries,andchronic diet-related diseases.” (p.82)1

• Example2: Veganism is against feeding children with animal products.

• Root (noun):

Vegan: a vegetarian who omits all animal products from the diet.

Zengxing 5F

• Definition: a person who argues in favor of something; an advocate.Examples:

• Example1: “Strong proponents of veganism state that any consumption of animal products is wrong and that feeding animals products to children is forcing them into a life of obesity, clogged arteries, and chronic diet-related diseases.” (p.84)1

• Example2: Once the clout of an advocate is weakened, the stage is set for dismissal of the proponent 's position.Root:

Propose (verb): to offer or suggest (a matter, subject, case, etc.) for consideration.

Zengxing 5F

Definition: - Noun: an excessive load or amount.

- Verb: load with too great a burden or cargo.

Examples:

- “You’re overloading on produce.” (p.89)1

- There is a danger, in short, of information overload.

Root:

Over + load.

Ai Nguyen 5F

• Definition: - Noun: A secret store of something

A hiding place or hideout. . - Verb: store (something) safely and secretly in a specified place.

Examples:- “You’re stashing foods in see-through containers.” (p.89)1

- It helps to keep a stash of small bills in your wallet for cab drivers, hotelporters and bar staff.

Root:Blend of stow and cache

Ai Nguyen 5F

Definition: succeed in forcing a way into or through (a thing).

Examples:

- “Because low-fat and non-fat milk varieties are thinner than whole milk, light can penetrate them more easily.” (p.89)1

- Wherever the wax has seeped through the fabric, the dye will not penetrate.

Derivatives:

Unpenetrated (adj)

Ai Nguyen 5F

• Definition:

- Adj: not able to be seen through; not transparent.

- Noun: an opaque thing or substance.

Examples:

- “Instead, keep them in their original boxes or in opaque containers and

stash them in your kitchen cabinets.” (p.89)1

- The fabric is opaque translucent so the taillights shine through

Ai Nguyen 5F

• Definition:

- Adj: cooked or browned in a pan containing a small quantity of butter,

oil, or other fat.

- Verb: to cook in a small amount of fat; pan-fry.

Examples:

- “Then set them aside for at least 10 minutes before sautéing.” (p.89)1

- saute alligator meat in a small amount of olive oil until tender, and set aside

Ai Nguyen 5F

• Definition: To increase or further improve the good quality.

Examples:

• “Herbs and spices not only enhance the flavor of your cooking without adding some fat or sodium.” (p.90)1

• This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company.

• Root: From Anglo-Norman French enhauncer.

Mohammed 5F

• Definition: To study food science.

Examples:

• “A nutrition advisor to the American Institute for Cancer Research in Washington D.C.” (p.91)1

• Nutrition information is now provided on the back of most food products.

• Root: From late Latin nutritio(n), from nutrire ‘feed, nourish.

Mohammed 5F

• Definition: Without any energy for doing something.

Examples:

• “Many of us think about getting enough iron only when we feel lethargic or

fatigued.” (p.91)1

• The weather made them feel lethargic.

• Root: From Latin lethargicus.

Mohammed 5F

• Definition: To prevent something from happening.

Examples:

• “On the other hand, drinking tea or coffee at meals can inhibit how much iron we absorb by up to 60 percent.” (p.91)1

• A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child

• Root: From Latin inhibere ‘hinder’

Mohammed 5F

• Definition: To include a large number or range of things.

Examples:

• “It encompasses how we consume, digest, metabolize, and store nutrients and how these nutrients affect our body.” (p.99)1

• The fog soon encompassed the whole valley.

• Root: En-, in- ‘within’ + compass.

Mohammed 5F

• Definition: a disease caused by not eating foods such as fruit and vegetables that contain vitamin C.

1. “The cause of scurvy, which is a vitamin C deficiency, was discovered in the first few years of the 20th, Dr. Joseph Goldberger successfully controlled outbreaks of several fatal infectious diseases, from yellow fever in Louisiana to typhus in Mexico.” (p. 99)

2. Pirates usually contract scurvy due to the lack of fruits and or vegetables that was provided to them during their long trips out to the sea.

Root:

Scurf + -y

Lan Tran

• Definition: lack of necessary chemical or food is needed to sustain life.

1. “Early research in nutrition focused on making the link between nutrient deficiencies and illness.” (p.99)

2. Anorexia is often caused by nutrient deficiency and psychological problems.

Root (Deficiency):

Deficient (verb/noun)

Lan Tran

• Definition: To try to deal with a difficult problem.

1. “So it wasn’t surprising that, in 1914, the Surgeon General of the United States chose him to tackle another disease thought to be infectious that was raging throughout the South.” (p.100)

2. There is more than one way to tackle the problem.

Root:

Middle English takel gear, apparatus < Middle Low German; akinto take

Lan Tran

• Definition: having plenty of money, nice houses, expensive things etc[= wealthy]

1. “Why, in fact, did it overwhelmingly affect impoverished Southerners, while leaving their affluent (and well-fed) neighbors healthy? “(p.100)

2. We live in an affluent neighborhood.

Root:

equivalent to af- af- +flu- flow + -ent -ent

Lan Tran

• Definition: active and determined.

• 1. “We can perform more strenuous activities for longer periods of time when we eat a nutritious diet, whereas an inadequate or excessive food intake can make us lethargic.” (p.101)1

• 2. Sherry's been making a strenuous effort to lose weight.

Related forms:strenuously (adverb)

Lan Tran

Definition: continuing a long time or recurring frequently.

Example 1: “In addition to preventing nutrient deficiency diseases, a healthful diet can reduce your risk for chronic diseases.” (p.102)

Example 2: Chronic pain is defined as pain that has lasted longer than three to six months.

Root:

chrón (os)time + -ikos -ic

Fabian Ibanez

• Definition:The total number of cases of a disease in a given population at a specific time.

Example 1: “In the United States and many developed nations, the prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased over the past 16 years.” (p.102)

Example 2: Information on prevalence can be used for health planning, resource

allocation, and an estimate of cancer survivorship.

Root:

Prevalent (noun): widespread; of wide extent or occurrence; in general use or

acceptance.

Fabian Ibanez

• Definition: To weigh carefully in the mind; consider thoughtfully.

Example 1: “The causes of childhood obesity are complicated, but for years

researchers have been pondering the effects of TV advertising.” (p.106)

Example 2: Students of class 5F are pondering his college options.

Root:

Ponder (verb): from Latin ponderāre to weigh, consider, from pondus weight;

related to pendere to weigh.

Fabian Ibanez

• Definition: Thinks something is true without certainty

Example 1: “The researchers used a statistical test that presumes TV ads lead to obesity but made calculations to address other influences such as income and the number of nearby fast-food restaurants.” (p.107)1

Example 2: If you presume something, it means you act as though it's

true before all the evidence is in.

Root:

Equivalent to prae- pre- + sūmere to take up, suppose

Fabian Ibanez

• Definition: Keeping within reasonable or proper limits; not extreme, excessive, or intense.

Example 1: “A lot of people consume fast food in moderate amounts and it

doesn’t harm their health” (p.107)1

Example 2: If you moderate a discussion, you help two or more people have

a reasonable conversation.

Derivatives:

Moderatly (adv)Fabian Ibanez

1) Read to Succeed. A thematic approach to academic reading. Rothman, David;

Warsi Jilani. Ed. Pearson, 2013. Chapter 2.

2) Webster’s Dictionary. McIntosh Colin. Cambridge University Press, 2011.

3) Collins Compact Plus Dictionary. Airlie Mariee. HarperCollins Publisher,2007.

4) http://dictionary.reference.com/

5) http://www.thesaurus.com/