a wealthy tomorrow – prosperous motherland

1

biqreu;a fyg Èkla -fi!Nd.Hu;a uõìula

amPrinting- Department of Government Printing

1948 - 2021

A View on Freedom

ual± aiyosk MtJ Rje;epu njhiyNehf;F

Published by the Department of Government Information

murhq;f jfty; jpizf;fsj;jpd; ntspaPlhFk;

yc»xˆ r±{¯l‰Ü »nr£Ml»Kp‰lª»N r±Y£|pxÃ

A Wealthy Tomorrow – Prosperous Motherland

RgPl;rkhd vjpu;fhyk; - nrsghf;fpakhd jha; ehL

2

A View on Freedom

ual± aiyosk MtJ Rje;epu njhiyNehf;F MtJ Rje;epu

njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

1948 - 2021



yc»xˆ r±{¯l‰Ü »nr£Ml»Kp‰lª»N r±Y£|pxÃ Compiled by Jayatissa Gamage Director (Information) Department of Government Information

Design Concept Anuhas Mahawalage

Published by Department of Government Information

Printed by Department of Government Printing

Scripted by Prof. Sunanda Maddumabandara

Concept by Nalaka Kaluwewa Director General of Government Information

3

MtJ Rje;epu njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

biqreu;a fyg Èkla - fi!Nd.Hu;a uõìula

1948 - 2021


RgPl;rkhd vjpu;fhyk; - nrsghf;fpakhd jha; ehLRgPl;rkhd vjpu;fhyk; - nrsghf;fpakhd jha; ehL

A Wealthy Tomorrow – Prosperous MotherlandA Wealthy Tomorrow – Prosperous Motherland

1948 - 2021









4

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

1948 - 2021

His Excellency Gotabaya Rajapaksa, President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

,yq;if [dehaf Nrhrypr Fbaurpd; [dhjpgjp

mjpNkjF Nfhl;lhga uh[gf;\ mtu;fs;

Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha

ckdêm;s w;s.re f.daGdNh rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud

5

wmf.a ruŒh osjhsfka Ôj;ajk ish¨ ;reK ¥ mq;=kayg

f.!rjŒh f,i Ôj;a úh yelsjk mßos Yla;su;a ;srir wd¾Ólhla

ìys l< hq;= h' ieug ;ukaf.a olaI;dfjka Wmßu M, fk<d.kakg

yels jk /lshdjla ;sìh hq;= h' wmf.a j.lSu ;Dma;su;a rgjeisfhla"

i;=áka Ôj;ajk mjq,la iy .=K.rel iudchla ìys lsÍu h' f,dj

mqrd isÿfjñka mj;sk mdßißl úkdYfha m%;súmdl f,i kshÕfhka

yd .xj;=frka tlúg neg lk cd;shla njg wm m;a ù we;s neúka

fï iqkaor osjhsk h<s;a yß; j¾Kfhka nn<k wkd.; f,dalfha

;srir ixj¾Okfha mrudo¾Yh njg m;a lsÍfï j.lSu o wmg mejÍ

;sfí' fï N+ñh u; iduh keu;s îch h<s me< fkdjkq we;ehs is;+

hq.hl wms ta iduh keu;s me<h fï N+ñh u; frdamKh lf<uq'

tmßoafoka u fi!Nd.Hj;a" iqkaor › ,xldjla wms fï ,la N+ñh ;=<

h<s frdamKh lr Tng msßkukafkuq'

Wmqgd.ekSu - —rg yok fi!Nd.Hfha oelau˜

^msgq wxl i &

f.daGdNh rdcmlaIckdêm;s


ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

6

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

vkJ mofpa ehl;by; thOfpd;w midj;J ,isQu;

AtjpfSk; nfsutkhf thof;$ba> cWjpkpf;f RgPl;rkhd

nghUshjhuj;ij fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;Lk;. midtUf;Fk; jkJ jpwikapd;

%yk;> ,ad;wsT gaid ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba njhopnyhd;W fhzg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. jpUg;jpahd gpui[> kfpo;r;rpahf thof;$ba FLk;gk; kw;Wk;

rpwe;j gz;ghLila r%fj;ij cUthf;FtNj vkJ flikahFk;.

cynfq;Fk; ,lk;ngWk; ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fspd; tpisthf xNu

Neuj;jpy; tul;rp kw;Wk; nts;sg;ngUf;fpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; kf;fshf ehk;

,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. vkJ ,e;j mofpa jpUehl;il kPz;Lk; xU gRikahd

mofpa Njhw;wj;Jld;> vjpu;fhy cyfpd; rpwg;ghd mgptpUj;jpapd;

Kd;Djhuzkhfj; jpfoitf;Fk; nghWg;Gk; vk;KilajhFk;.

,e;ehl;by; mikjp vd;w fdT kPz;Lk; edthfhJ vd;W vz;zpapUe;j

Afj;jpy;> ehk; rkhjhdj;jpd; %yk; me;jf; fdit edthf;fpNdhk;.

mJkl;Lky;yhJ> kPz;Lk; mofpa xU ,yq;if ehl;il ,g;G+kpapy;

cUthf;fp cq;fsplk; ifaspg;Nghk;.

Nfhl;lhga uh[gf;\[dhjpgjp

ehl;ilf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; RgPl;rj;jpd; Nehf;F vd;w jiyg;gpd; fPo; ngwg;gl;ljhFk; - ( gf;fk; i)


ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

7

The other important task will be to create a progressive national economy and a pluralistic society; we have to create an environment that provides our youth and local entrepreneurs with new opportunities, gives everyone new hope and a sense of pride, where people can use their skills, talents and business acumen to be the world leaders in any field of their choice. It is only by empowering our people that we can strengthen and expand the national economy. Our responsibility is to create an enabling environment for a citizen to be prosperous and contented, leading to a happy family, and a law abiding society in Sri Lanka. All over the world, environmental degradation has brought about havoc, and parts of our country have experienced severe drought and floods, simultaneously. It is therefore our responsibility to make our country, an example of sustainable development. At a time when nobody in the world thought it would be possible to bring peace to this country, we brought peace. Similarly, we will make Sri Lanka prosperous and beautiful. I have great faith in our collective ability to do so.

Excerpts from -

Vistas of Prosperity and Splendour (Page No i)

Gotabaya RajapaksaPresident


ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

8

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

1948 - 2021

Honourable Mahinda Rajapaksa, Prime Minister of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

,yq;if [dehaf Nrhrypr Fbaurpd; gpujku; khz;GkpF

k`pe;j uh[gf;\ mtu;fs;

Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha

w.%dud;H .re uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud

9

YS% ,dxflah ish¨ mqrjeishka 73 jeks

cd;sl ksoyia Èkh iurkq ,nkafka

buy;a wNsudkfhks'

hg;aúð;hla njg m;ajQ Èk mgka

ksoyi Èkd .ekSug ,lajeishka l< lemùu

yd igka f,dal b;sydifha kï ord ;sfí'

hqO Yla;sh fuka u foaYmd,k"

wd.ñl yd ixialD;sl uqyqKqjßka o Wml%ñl

wr.,j, fhfoñka ksoyi Èkd.;a w;S;hla

Y%S ,dxflah cd;shg ysñ h'

wo jk úg wmf.a ud;DN+ñhg wjYHj

we;af;a ,enQ ksoyi w¾:j;a lr.ekSfï

l%shdj,sh hs' cd;Ska w;r iuÕsh j¾Okh lr

.ekSu yd wd.ñl ixys¢hdj Bg olajkafka

m%n, msgqn,hls'

úúO wNsfhda. yuqfõ foaYSh;ajh

w.hk wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;shla ;=<ska ud;D

N+ñh ixj¾Okh lrd f.khdfï udj;g wm

±ka m%úIag ù ;sfí'

iEu lafIa;%hlg u isÿúh hq;=

m%;sixialrK wjfndaO lr.ksñka ck;dj

u; ;enQ fi!Nd.Hfha ±lau m%;sm;a;s

ud,dfjka ksoyi ;j;a w¾:j;a jk

úg —biqreu;a fyg Èkla - fi!Nd.Hu;a

uõìula˜ hkak h:d¾;hla jkq we;'

b;sydih mqrdjg u ud;D N+ñhg

tfrys foia úfoia n,fõ. fuka u ;%ia;jdoh

mrdch lsÍfï iaÓr m%;sm;a;shl wms lghq;=

lf<uq' fld;rï wNsfhda. meñ‚h o wmf.a

ud;D N+ñh wm lsis f,ilska mdjd § ke;'

fldúâ - 19 ±ka f,dalh yuqfõ

we;s úYd,;u wNsfhda.hhs' ck;dj fuu

w¾nqofhka ksoyia lr .ekSfï igkg wm

±ka Wr § isà' i;=re n,fõ. mrdch lsÍug

fuka u fldúâ - 19 mrdch lsÍug o Y%S

,dxlsl cd;shla f,i wms keÕS isáuq'

wmf.a ud;D N+ñfha fN!ñl

wLKav;dj yd iaffjß;ajh fjkqfjka

Ôú; mß;Hd. l< yd wmßñ; lemùï l<

ish¨fokdg;a j¾;udkfha tu wNsfhda.

yuqfõ fkdie,S lemjk oE ys;ldó

ish¨fokdg;a udf.a f.!rjh mqo lrñ'

uyskao rdcmlaI w.%dud;H


ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

10

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

Rje;jpuj;Jld;

=

.


ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

midj;J ,yq;ifau;fSk; 73 MtJ

Rje;jpu jpdj;ij kpFe;j ngUikAld;

nfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;.

fhydpj;Jt fhyj;jpypUe;J Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd kf;fspd;

mu;g;gzpg;Gk; Nghuhl;lKk; cyf tuyhw;wpy; ed;F

mwpag;gl;lit.

murpay;> kj kw;Wk; fyhrhu uPjpahf %Nyhgha

Nghuhl;lq;fs; %yk; Rje;jpuk; ngw;w ePz;l

tuyhw;iw ,yq;if Njrk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

ehk; ngw;w Rje;jpuj;ij mu;j;jKs;sjhf;fpf;

nfhs;Sk; nray;KiwNa ,d;W ek; jha;ehl;bw;fhd

Njitahf cs;sJ. ehLfspilNa xw;Wikia

tsu;j;jy; kw;Wk; kj ey;ypzf;fk; vd;gd ,jw;F

tYthd Mjuthf mike;Js;sd.

gy;NtW rthy;fSf;F kj;jpapy; cs;Shu;

cw;gj;jpf;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; nghUshjhu nfhs;if

Clhf jha;ehl;il mgptpUj;jpia Nehf;fp efUk;

ghijapy; ehk; Eioe;Js;Nshk;.

xt;nthU JiwapYk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba

rPu;jpUj;jq;fisg; Gupe;Jnfhz;L> kf;fsplk;

Kd;itf;fg;gl;l RgPl;rj;jpd; Nehf;F nfhs;if

jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf Rje;jpuk; NkYk; mu;j;jKs;sjhFk;

NghJ tskhd vjpu;fhyk; - RgPl;rkhd jha;ehL

vd;gJ ajhu;j;jkhFk;.

tuyhW KOtJk;> jha;ehl;bw;F vjpuhd

cs;Shu; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L rf;jpfisAk;>

gaq;futhjj;ijAk; Njhw;fbf;Fk; xU epiyahd

nfhs;ifapy; ehk; nraw;gl;Nlhk;. vj;jid

rthy;fs; te;jhYk;> ehq;fs; xUNghJk; ek;

jha;ehl;il fhl;bf; nfhLj;jjpy;iy.

nfhtpl; - 19 jw;NghJ cyfk; vjpu;nfhz;Ls;s

kpfg;ngupa rthyhFk;. ,e;neUf;fbapypUe;J

nghJkf;fis tpLtpg;gjw;fhd Nghuhl;lj;ij

ehq;fs; Kd;ndLj;J tUfpd;Nwhk;. vjpupg;

gilfisj; Njhw;fbg;gJ Nghd;Nw> nfhtpl; - 19

njhw;iw Njhw;fbg;gjw;Fk; ,yq;if Njrkhf

ehq;fs; vOe;J epw;Nghk;.

vq;fs; jha;ehl;bd; gpuhe;jpa xUikg;ghL kw;Wk;

,iwahz;ikf;fhf jq;fs; capiuj; jpahfk;

nra;j kw;Wk; kfj;jhd jpahfq;fisr; nra;j

midtUf;Fk; kw;Wk; ,d;W me;j rthy;fSf;F

kj;jpapy; mu;g;gzpg;Gld; nraw;gLk; midtUf;Fk;

ehd; kupahij nrYj;Jfpd;Nwd;.

k`pe;j uh[gf;\gpujk mikr;ru;

11

It is with immense pride that we celebrate our 73rd

Independence Day today. It is an opportunity to remind ourselves of the unfaltering spirit and commitment of our people in the fight for freedom.

Sri Lankans have stood the test of time, fighting many a battle, gallantly, in the long struggle to gain political, religious and cultural independence. Today, we are at a point in our journey where we must work collectively to ensure that the freedom we won, not once but twice, is a meaningful one for all Sri Lankans.

Despite the many challenges we faced as a nation last year, we have embarked on a journey and adopted policies that focus on the growth of the economy by giving preference to locally produced items. The 'Vistas of Prosperity' Manifesto has carefully studied and identified areas in each sector that need reform, to better serve Sri Lankans, not limiting, 'working towards a better tomorrow to achieve a prosperous Sri Lanka', to mere words, but a reality that is tangible and meaningful to all.

History tells the story of a nation and its people who have always stood resolute in battles against any local, foreign and terrorist outfits that threatened the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Sri Lanka. Our people's dedication and patriotism to protect our beautiful motherland reflect how


ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

we, as a nation, have stood against numerous challenges and continue to do so in these trying times. The biggest challenge the world faces today is the COVID-19 global pandemic. As we work collectively towards our shared quest to overcome these perilous times, I believe that the unfaltering Sri Lankan spirit will unite and stand strong in defeating this pandemic and emerge victorious.

In celebrating our Independence, we remember all those who have paid with life and limb to protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of our nation, time and time again. We also take a moment today, to remember those men and women who are the frontline soldiers battling thst current pandemic we are facing. Giving selflessly of their skills and time to protect Sri Lanka and her people.

I express my heartfelt gratitude to all Sri Lankans for their contribution towardsthe success of our motherland. Happy 73rd Independence Day.

Mahinda RajapaksaPrime Minister

12

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

1948 - 2021

Honourable Chamal Rajapaksa, Minister of Irrigation and the State Minister of National Security,

Home Affairs and Disaster Management

nfsut \ky; uh[gf;\>

ePu;g;ghrd mikr;ru; kw;Wk; Njrpa ghJfhg;G> cs;ehl;lYty;fs; kw;Wk;

mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt ,uh[hq;f mikr;ru;

jdßud¾. wud;H" rdcH wdrlaIl"

iajfoaY lghq;= yd wdmod l<ukdlrK rdcH wud;H

.re pu,a rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud

13

hg;aúð; mrdëk;ajfhka ñ§ ì%;dkH

lsÍgfhka ksoyia ùfï f.!rjŒh

yerjqï ,laIHh ud;D N+ñhg tlaù jir

ye;a;E ;=kla imsfrk fï fudfydf;a

iajfoaY lghq;= Ndr wud;Hjrhd f,i

cd;sl ksoyia Èk iurejg iqNdYsxIK tla

lrkafka uy;a jQ wNsudkfhks'

uyskaÞ.ukfhka uQ,drïN jQ ,dxflah

ixialD;sl ck Ôú;h jvd;a wre;a.ekajQ

u. t<fUkafka f,dj wka lsisÿ rglg

fkdfojeks jdß YsIaGdpdrfhka neõ iksgqyka

l< hq;=u h' wndjka" merl=ï krm;Skaf.a

werô nijlal=,u" merl=ï iuqÿf¾ isg

uyje,s mxp uyd c,dY uõìug ckkh l<

jdß bisjreka olajd u lshdmdkafka uõìfï

fi!Nd.Hu;a jQ jdß YsIaGdpdrhhs'

jy,a ufkdaNdjfhka ñ§ ksoyia

Ñka;kSh ukilska f,dal Wreu úYajhg

Þhdo l< úrejka ìysjQ ;srir ij¾Ok

ixl,am úoyd mE fï W;=ï uõìfï j;auka

wNsfhda.h ch.; hq;= j we;af;a tjka w;S;

ó uq;=kaf.a cdkkSh ,laIK ;jÿrg;a uqjy;a

lrñks'

fï wm miqlrñka isákafka cd;shla

f,i tla j ch.; hq;= j we;s wNsfhda.d;aul

hq.hls' f.da,Sh fldúâ 19 jix.;hg ñksia

Ôú; fuka u wm wd¾Ól foayh o wl¾ukH

ùug bv fkd;eîug rchla f,i wm ork

jEhu wre;a .ekaùug kï YS% ,dxlsl wm

ieu tlg tlaù thg úi÷ï fiúh hq;= nj

udf.a yeÕSuhs'

fujr ksoyia Èk f;audj jQ —biqreu;a

fyg Èkla - fi!Nd.Hu;a uõìula˜

m%;sks¾udKh l< yelafla iqjyila ,dxlsl

¥ mq;=kaf.a Ñka;k úma,jhla ;=<ska neõ

iksgqyka l< hq;= h'

mqrka jQ iEu uqvqìula u wiajoaod"

yeu c, ìxÿjlg u W;=ï oyäh iqj| uqiq

fldg" lDIsld¾ñl ck Ôú;hg mK §" jvd;a

ÈhqKq ;dlaI‚l l%u Ndú; lrñka l¾udka;

f.dvkxjd" m%Yia; ckys;jd§ wd¾Ólhla

ìysfldg uõìu ÈkQ ksoyi jvd;a w¾:

.ekaùug yelsfõjdhs m;ñ'

pu,a rdcmlaIjdßud¾. wud;H" rdcH wdrlaIl"

iajfoaY lghq;= yd

wdmod l<ukdlrK rdcH wud;H


ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

14

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

xU Njrkhf ehk; xd;wpize;J flf;f Ntz;ba rthyhd

rfhg;jj;ij ehk; fle;J nry;fpd;Nwhk;. cyfshtpa

nfhtpl; 19 njhw;W fhuzkhf kdpj tho;Tk;>

nghUshjhuKk; Klq;Ftijj; jLg;gjw;fhf ehk; xU

murhf Kd;ndLf;Fk; Kaw;rpfSf;F gpujpgyid

vjpu;ghu;g;gjhapd; ,yq;ifau;fs; vd;wtifapy; ehk;

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Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ vdJ czu;thFk;.

,t;thz;L Rje;jpu jpd nfhz;lhl;l epfo;tpd;

fUg;nghUs;> 'tskhd ehis - RgPl;rkhd jha;ehL"

vd;gjid ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L ,yq;if tho;

re;jjpapdupd; rpe;jid Gul;rpapd; %yk; kl;LNk

,jid kPz;Lk; cUthf;f KbAk; vd;gij ftdj;jpy;

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

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tptrhak;rhu; kf;fs; tho;Tf;F Gj;Japu; toq;fp> kpf

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ifj;njhopy;fis Nkk;gLj;jp> cfe;j [duQ;rf

nghUshjhuj;ij cUthf;fp jha;ehL ntd;nwLj;j

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ehLfpd;Nwd;.

fhydpj;Jt rhu;Gepiy kw;Wk; gpupj;jhdpahtpd;

Ml;rp Mfpatw;wpypUe;J tpLjiy ngw;W>

,j;jUzj;jpy; vOgj;jp%d;whk; (73) Mz;bd;

epiwitnahl;b nfhz;lhlg;gLk;> cs;ehl;lYty;fs;

tplag; nghWg;G mikr;ru; vd;wtifapy;> Njrpa

Rje;jpu jpd nfhz;lhl;lk; njhlu;gpy; vdJ

tho;j;Jr; nra;jpiaj; njuptpf;f fpilj;jijapl;L

ngUkfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;.

k`pe;j Njuupd; tUifAld; Njhd;wpa ,yq;ifapd;

fyhrhuk; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifia kpfTk; mu;j;jkpf;f

ghijia Nehf;fp topelhj;jpr; nry;tNjhL ePu;g;ghrd

ehfuPfj;ij Vw;gLj;jp mJ cyfpd; NtW ve;jnthU

ehl;Lf;Fk; ,uz;lhk; gl;rkhf mikahjthW fhj;j

ngUik vkf;FupaJ. k`hntypapd; Ie;J ngupa

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%yk; ehl;bd; tskhd ePu;g;ghrd ehfuPfk;

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cs;ehl;lYty;fs; kw;Wk; mdu;j;j

Kfhikj;Jt ,uh[hq;f mikr;ru;



ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

15

It is with great pride I am extending my greetings for the National Commemoration

of the Independence of Sri Lanka at this occasion of completing seventy-three years from the day which depicted great and honourable milestone of liberating our country from the colonial oppression of the British crown.

It must be noted that the most meaningful way of Sri Lankan people’s cultural lifestyle, which instigated with the arrival of Arahat Mahinda, derives from our great irrigation civilization second to none in the world. Thus, the great kings of Abhaya and Parakum who constructed tanks such as Basawakkulama and Parakrama Samudra as well as the modern irrigation experts of the five great Mahaweli reservoirs claim the prosperous irrigation civilization of our motherland.

The present-day challenges of this noble motherland, which exemplified the philosophies of sustainable development of the heroes who bestowed world heritages to this universe with a free-thinking mind free from the mentality of slavery, must be overcome by further sharpening the genetic traits of such ancestors.

We are going through a challenging era that we as a nation must overcome collectively. My plea is that all of us Sri Lankans must work together to find solutions to the issues created by the global Covid-19 epidemic, in order to make our efforts as a government meaningful to prevent human lives as well as our economy from being paralyzed.

It should be noted that the theme of this year's Independence Day celebrations, "A Wealthy Tomorrow – Prosperous Motherland" can be recreated through a thought revolution of thousands of Sri Lankan children.

I hope that every barren land of the country will be harvested, every drop of water will be optimally utilized with much efforts for the agricultural revitalization, industries will be flourished using the most advanced technologies and an optimal people-friendly service economy will be resulted towards more meaningful freedom won by our motherland.

Chamal RajapaksaMinister of Irrigation and the State Minister of National Security, Home Affairs and Disaster Management


ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

16

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

17

úchd.ukfha isg mD;=.Sis wdl%uKh olajd jQ jir

fooyilg wêl ld,jljdkqj ;=< mri;=re

Wjÿrej,g uqyqK§ug isÿjqj o b;d flá

ld,mßÉfþoj,§ yer iajlSh ksoyi yd iaffjÍ;ajh

wdrlaId lr.ksñka iajdëk rdcHhla f,i mej;Sug Y%S

,xldjg yels úh' wi,ajeis rgj,ska meñ‚ fpda," mdKavH

jeks úfoaYSh wdl%u‚lhka úiska jßkajr Y%S ,xldjg

n,mEï isÿl< o tjeks úfoaYSh wdl%uKj,g uqyqK§ foaYfha

iajdëk;ajh wdrlaId lr.ekSug Y%S ,dxlsl krm;Syq iy

rgjeisfhda iu;a jQy'

lsisÿ úfoaYSh cd;shlg hg;a j isàu yeu l,ays u

ms<sl=f,ka m%;slafIam l< Y%S ,dxlsl ck;dj jir fooyilg

ksoyia ±lau


18

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

wêl ld,hla ;u ud;DN+ñh hg;a lr.ekSu i|yd lsisjl=g fyda bv

fkdÿka y' wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksfha isg Y%S chj¾Okmqr fldaÜfÜ rdcOdksh

olajd w.k.r fjkia lrñka i;=re wdl%uKj,g id¾:l j uqyqK§u

i|yd jvd;a WÑ; l%fudamdhhsl mßirhla ks¾udKh lr" rg tlafiai;a j

;nd.ekSug Tjqyq lghq;= l<y'

ihjeks mrdl%undyq kf¾kaøhd úiska isß,l wjika jrg tlafiai;a

lrñka ud;DN+ñfha iaffjÍNdjh o talSh;ajh o h<s f.dvkeÕ=fõ h'

Tyqf.ka miq fldaÜfÜ rdcOdksh kj wdrl i;=re n,fõ.j,g uqyqK

ÿkafka h' tys§ m%:u jrg Y%S ,xldjg ngysr cd;Skaf.a wdl%uKj,g

uqyqK§ug isÿ jQ w;r tf;la wdrlaId lrf.k isá uõìfï ksoyi iy

iaffjß;ajh wysñ j Y%S ,dxlslhka mrdëk cd;shla njg m;aùfï miqìu

ks¾udKh úh'

1505 § Y%S ,xldjg meñ‚ mD;=.SiSka fldaÜfÜ rdcOdksh m%:ufhka

;u wKilg k;= lr.;a w;r" th Y%S ,xldjg ksoyi wysñùfï uQ,drïNh

úh' t;eka isg 1815 olajd Y%S ,xldfõ uqyqÿnv m%foaY mD;=.Sis" ,kafoais iy

bx.%Sis hk tjlg f,dj n,j;a u cd;Skaf.a hg;aúð;hla f,i md,kh úh'

iuia; foaYh u úfoaYSh hg;aúð;hla njg m;aùu je<elaùu i|yd lkao

Wvrg rdcHh tu uq¿ ld, jljdkqj ;=< u Èúysñfhka igka lf<a h'

19

tys m%;sM, f,i jßkajr lkao Wvrgg t,a, jQ mD;=.Sis" ,kafoais

iy bx.%Sis wdl%uK u¾okh lr ud;DN+ñfha ksoyi iq/lSug;a uq¿ rg u

úfoaYSh hg;aúð;hla njg m;aùu j<lajd .ekSug;a lkao Wvrg rdcHhg

yels úh'

tfy;a" ngysr wdl%u‚lhkaf.a kùk hqo n,h yd ixúOdkd;aul

l%fudamdh fuka u tjlg lkao Wvrg kdhlhka w;r mej;s n,f,daNS

fNaoNskak;dj fya;=fjka 1815 § iuia; foaYfha u ksoyi wysñ lr.ekSug

Y%S ,dxlslhkag isÿúh'

wysñ jQ ksoyi h<s Èkd.ekSu i|yd jQ wr.,h Wvrg .súiqu w;aika

lsÍu;a iuÕ u wdrïN jQ w;r ta fjkqfjka foaYfma%ó Y%S ,dxlslfhda oyia

.Kkla Èú ms¥y' iajlSh f.afodr" bvlvï" j;=msá wdl%u‚l i;=rd

úiska úkdY lrkq oel oel;a foaYfha yd cd;sfha ksoyi fjkqfjka

wkjr; wr.,hl Tjqyq ksr; jQy'

1818 le/,a, f,i y÷kajkq ,nk" bx.%SiSkag úreoaO cd;sfha m%:u

úuqla;s wr.,h wdrïN jQfha 1817 iema;eïn¾ udifha§ h' lkao Wvrg

rdcOdksh we;=¿ iuia; foaYh u bx.%Siskag mjrd§u iïmQ¾K lrk ,o

Wvrg .súiqu 1815 ud¾;= ui 02 jeks Èk w;aika flreKq w;r" bka jir

20

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

folyudrlg miqj bx.%Sis wdêm;Hhg tfrys ùfrdaOdr úuqla;s wr.,h

wdrïN úh'

1818 Tlaf;dan¾ 06 olajd jirlg;a jeä ld,hla tjlg f,dj

n,j;a wdl%u‚lhl=f.a wú n,hg iy Ok n,hg fkdkeó wLKav

wr.,hl fhÿK fudkrú, lemafmáfmd< úuqla;s kdhlhd fufyh

jQ foaYfma%ó ck;d n,uq¿j úfoaYSh wdêm;Hh uq,skqmqgd oeóug ;rï

Yla;su;a yd cjiïmkak úh'

iajfoaYslhka ;u úuqla;s wr.,h wdrïN l< uq,a wjia:dfõ§ th

b;d blaukska iy myiqfjka wjika l< yels hehs hg;aúð; md,lfhda

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQy' 1817 fkdjeïn¾ ui 17 jeks Èk ,xldfõ wdKavqldr

frdnÜ n%jqkaß.a ,kavkfha hg;aúð; f,alï fj; ,smshla hjñka —u,nd¾

cd;sl jHdc rcq yd ler,sldr Èidj ^lemafmáfmd<& w,a,d .ekSu u;

j¾;udk le/,af,a u¾okh /£ ;sfnk nj Tn;=udg jegfykq we;'

jeäl,a hkakg u;af;ka th isÿfj;ehs uu n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjñ˜ hehs

i|yka lf<a h'

tfy;a wr.,h me;sÍhdu;a iuÕ ;uka mrdchg m;ajkq we;ehs

o ;ukag Y%S ,xldj w;yer hdug isÿjkq we;ehs o wdKavqldrjrhdg

21

jegyq‚' wr.,h wdrïN ù udi wgla .;fjoa§ n%jqkaß.a wdKavqldrjrhd

1818 wfma%,a 12 jeks Èk ì%;dkH hg;aúð; ld¾hd,hg fufia oekajQfha h'

—fkdie,lsh hq;= ;rfï ffO¾hhla ;snqK o úkhla ke;s w¾O

jkpdÍka rxpqjla úiska oejeka; hqO Yla;shla we;s cd;shla fkrmd

yeÍfuka we;sjk wmlS¾;sh wfma wksl=;a bkaÈhdkq hg;ajeishkag krl

wdo¾Yhla jkq we;' trg iïmQ¾K whs;sh wmg ysñùfuka miq th fkrmd

yeÍu isÿùu h' tfia wfkl=;a bkaÈhdkqjka wmg lSlre j isákafka wmf.a

Yla;sh .ek Tjqka we;s lr.;a woyia u;su;dka;rhkays m%;sM,hla f,isks'

tneúka fï m%foaY w;yer oeóu fyda wm w;r mj;ajdf.k hdu ;lafiare

lsÍu wju ;;a;ajfhka fkdl< hq;= neõ ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= jkafka h˜'

mrdchg m;aùfuka ì%;dkH wêrdcHhg we;sjk wjudkh"

wmlS¾;sh iy wjodku úia;r l< wdKavqldrjrhd hqoaOh ch.ekSug

w;sf¾l yuqodj" wdhqO iy wdOdr ,ndfok f,i wdhdpkd lf<a h' bka

udi ;=klg miq Tyq kej;;a okajd isáfha —le/,a, ;ju;a Nhxlr

iajrEmfhka È.ska È.g we§ hk nj˜ h'

1818 foaYfma%ó úuqla;s wr.,h u.ska Y%S ,xldjg ksoyi ,nd.ekSug

;snQ wjia:dj wysñ lrñka wr.,h mrdchg m;aúh' thg fya;= jQfha

22

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

hg;aúð; md,lhkag bkaÈhdfjka iy wdikak m%foaYj,ska w;sf¾l

yuqod LKav iy wú wdhqO f.kajd .ekSug yelsùu;a úuqla;s wr.,fha

kdhlhka w;r fNao we;s ùu;a h' ksoyi i|yd jQ m%:u foaYSh úuqla;s

wr.,h ksoyi fmks fmkS ;sìh§ ta wkqj mrdchg m;aúh'

m<uq jeks úuqla;s wr.,fhka jir ;sylg miq 1848 § Èh;a jQ

fojeks úuqla;s wr.,h hg;aúð; md,kh úiska l%shd;aul l< bvï

fld,a,h" foaYSh lDIsld¾ñl wxYh fkdi,ld yeÍu iy wêl nÿ mekùu

jeks ck;dj mSvdjg m;al< l%shdj,g tfrys j mek ke.=Kq le/,a,la

úh' hg;aúð; md,lhkag fuu wr.,h lDDr f,i u¾okh lsÍug yels

úh' tfy;a w¨;ska mkjk ,o nÿ wj,x.= lsÍug fuu wr.,h fya;=fjka

Tjqkag isÿúh' fuu fojeks úuqla;s wr.,h ksoyia Y%S ,dxlsl md,khla

kej; we;s lsÍu i|yd jQ fojeks ikakoaO ke.S isàu h'

m<uq jeks yd fojeks ikakoaO wr., fofla§ u foaYfma%ñ úuqla;s oE

ys;ldñyQ oyia .Kkla Ôú;laIhg m;ajQy' wr.,j,ska miqj hg;aúð;

md,lhka úiska tu ksoyia igkaj, kdhlhka we;=¿ igkaldóka ish

.Kkla l=ßre f,i >d;kh lrk ,o w;r" Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, foam< o

meyer.kakd ,§'

23

1848 fojeks úuqla;s wr.,fhka miq hg;aúð; md,lhkag tfrys j

ikakoaO wr., kej;=K o wêrdcHjd§ md,kfhka ksoyiaùu i|yd ck;d

jHdmdr /ila wdrïN úh' ,xld cd;sl ix.uh úiska mj;ajdf.k .sh

m%cd;ka;%jd§ m%;sixialrK iy ksoyi i|yd jQ jHdmdrh úúO l%shdud¾.

Tiafia ksoyi Èkd.ekSu i|yd lem ù lghq;= lf<a h' wk.dßl

O¾umd,;=ukaf.a wd.ñl" iudchSh iy ixialD;sl mqk¾Ôjkh i|yd jQ

jHdmdrh nqÿoyu" foaYSh ixialD;sh iy iudc Wreu biau;= lr,Su i|yd

wdOdr úh' mru ú{dkd¾: iud.u fuka u uydfndaê iud.u mdi,a

wOHdmkh kÕdisgqùu i|yd f.k.sh l%shdud¾. u.ska foaYSh wOHdmk

l%ufha úYd, mßj¾;khla we;s úh'

wuoHm jHdmdrh Rcq j u wêrdcHjd§ ixialD;sl wdl%uKhg

tfrys j ck;dj fm<.iajkakla úh' ta w;r u foaYmd,k lafIa;%fha

we;s jQ kj fjkialï o ksoyi i|yd jQ ck;d jHdmdr fm<.eiaùu

i|yd;a Yla;su;a lsÍu i|yd;a fya;= úh'

tfia u" iQßhu,a jHdmdrh ì%;dkH wêrdcHhg tfrys j t<smsg u

m%ldYhg m;a jQ úfrdaO;d jHdmdrhla jQ w;r" tu.ska rg ;=< jdudxYsl

jHdmdrh wdrïN ùu i|yd o bv ie,iq‚' wêrdcHjd§kaf.ka ksoyi

24

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

,nd.ekSu i|yd jdudxYsl jHdmdrfha u;jdo" ck;d fm<.eiaùï iy

f.dú" lïlre ck;dj iïnkaO lr.;a úfrdaO;d jHdmdr o fnfyúka

Wmia:ïNl úh' ì%;dkH hg;aúð; md,kh úiska Y%S ,xldjg ;jÿrg;a

ksoyi ,nd fkd§ isàug fkdyels ;;a;ajhla ks¾udKh ùu i|yd fuu

fm<.eiaùï wdOdr úh'

1948 fmnrjdß ui 04 jeks Èk Y%S ,xldj ksoyia rdcHla njg

m;a úh' i¾jck Pkao n,fhka ;uka leu;s md,lhka f;dard .ekSfï

ksoyi o we;=¿ j NdIKfha" m%ldYkfha iy /iaùfï ksoyi wd§ jQ

m%cd;ka;%jd§ ksoyi N=la;s ú£fï wjia:dj ta wkqj Y%S ,dxlslhkag ysñ

úh' iEu mqoa.,hl=g u" iEu ck fldgilg u ksoyi N=la;s ú£ug bv

ie,fik wdldrfha wd¾Ól iy iudc m%;sixialrK y÷kajd§u i|yd tu

ksoyi Wmfhda.S lr .ekSug Y%S ,xldjg yels úh'

ksoyfia odhdo

jßkajr uyck Pkao l%ufhka n,hg m;a jQ m%Odk foaYmd,k

mlaI rfÜ ixj¾Okh i|yd wkq.ukh l< hq;= wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh

iïnkaOfhka mriamr u; oerej o iudc ixj¾Okh iïnkaOfhka

fndfydaÿrg iudk ms<sfj;a wkq.ukh lf<a h'

25

oYl .Kkdjla hg;aúð; md,khg k;= j ;snQ" ixj¾Okh fjñka

mj;sk rgla jYfhka wd¾Ól iy iudc ixj¾Okh i|yd iqnidOk

m%;sm;a;sj,g m%uqL;djla ,nd§ug ksoyiska miqj n,hg m;a jQ iEu

rchlg u isÿ úh' tu m%;sm;a;sj, uQ,sl wx. jQ ksoyia wOHdmkh" ksoyia

fi!LH fiajdj iy Ôjk meje;au i|yd iykdOdr ,nd§u hk m%;sm;a;s

hï hï fjkialïj,g ,la jqj o ksoyia Y%S ,xldfõ tajd wLKav j

l%shd;aul lr ;sfí' ta fya;=fjka udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh iïnkaOfhka

ksoyiska miq ld,mßÉfþoh ;=< Y%S ,xldj úiska w;alrf.k we;s

m%;sM, w;súYsIag h'

1970 oYlh jkúg Y%S ,xldj ;u iqnidOk wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh u.ska

udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh iïnkaOfhka w;alrf.k ;snQ m%;sM, f,dj

we;eï wd¾Ól úoHd{hkaf.a úfYaI wjOdkhg fhduqjk ;;a;ajhlg m;a

úh' Y%S ,xldj wvq wdodhï uÜgul mej;s wjia:dj,§ mjd by< wdodhï

uÜgul meje;s rgj,g jvd ck Ôú;h kÕdisgqùu iïnkaOfhka m%Yia;

m%;sM, w;alr .ekSug Y%S ,xldj iu;a úh'

wdhq wfmalaIdj" idlaIr;dj wdÈ udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Yl Y%S ,xldj

by< kxjd .;a w;r" urK wkqmd;h" <ore urK wkqmd;h wdÈh

26

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

my< uÜgulg m;alrf.k ;sfí' tu.ska udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh

iïnkaOfhka ol=Kq wdishdfõ by< u m%.;shla w;alrf.k isá rg njg

Y%S ,xldj m;a úh' tfia u" hg;aúð; ;;a;ajfha miq jQ fndfyda rgj,g

jvd Y%S ,dxlsl ck;djf.a Ôjk uÜgu we;eï ld, mßÉfþoj, by<

uÜgulg m;a j ;snq‚'

hg;aúð; jYfhka mej;s ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd rgj,a

fndfyduhl" ksoyi ,nd .ekSfuka miq m%cd;ka;%jd§ md,k l%uh

fjkqjg wd{dodhl md,k l%u ìysfjoa§" i¾jck Pkao n,fhka md,lhka

m;alr .kakd m%cd;ka;%jd§ md,k l%uhla wLKav j mj;ajdf.k hdug

Y%S ,xldjg yels úh'

m%cd;ka;%jd§ md,k l%uhg tfrys j hï hï ld,mßÉfþoj,

wNsfhda. t,a, jqj o ta ish¨ wNsfhda. ch.ekSfuka i¾jck Pkao

n,fhka mj;sk md,k;ka;% fjkia lsÍfï fyda mj;ajd f.k hdfï

fyda l%ufõoh wLKv j ;yjqre lsÍug Y%S ,xldjg yels ù ;sfí'

m%cd;ka;%jdoh Tiafia ksoyi ;yjqre lsÍu

1948 § Y%S ,xldjg ksoyi ysñ jqj o ì%;dkH hg;aúð; md,kfha

wkque;sh u; l%shd;aul lrk ,o fida,anß wdKavql%u jHjia:djg wkqj

27

tu ksoyi fldkafoaisj,g hg;a jQjla neúka iïmQ¾K iajdëk;ajh

N=la;sú£ug rgg yels jQfha ke;' ta wkqj ì%;dkH uy /ðK Y%S ,xldfõ

md,lhd jYfhka ms<s.ekSug o by< wêlrK n,h ì%;dkH m%sú ljqkais,h

u.ska l%shd;aul lsÍug o Y%S ,xldjg isÿ úh'

Y%S ,xldjg WÑ; wdKavql%u jHjia:djla u.ska mQ¾K iajdëk;ajhla

we;slr .ekSu i|yd kj wdKavql%u jHjia:djla iïu; lr.ekSu ms<sn|

jßka jr idlÉPd meje;sh o ta i|yd wjia:dj WodjQfha 1972 ckrc

wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iïu; lr.ekSu;a iu`.sks'

1972 ckrc wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska Y%S ,xldj ckrchla f,i

m%ldYhg m;a l< w;r" tu.ska tx.,ka; uy /ðKf.a ksfhdað;hd f,i

m;a flreKq wdKavqldrOqrh fjkqjg kdñl n,hla iys; ckdêm;sjrhl=

rdcH kdhlhd f,i m;alsÍug o wêlrK l%uh ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ

fYa%IaGdêlrKh wjika Widúh f,i ms<s.ekSug o wjia:dj Wod flß‚'

rg jeishka ish¨fokdf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï ksoyi ;yjqre

flfrk nj ckrc wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ i|yka fõ' tu jHjia:djg

1978 Tlaf;dan¾ ui 04 jeks Èk tl;= l< ixfYdaOk u.ska tf;la

28

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

meje;s kdñl ckdêm;s Oqrh" úOdhl ckdêm;s Oqrhla njg m;a flß‚'

fida,anß wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka miq y÷kajd fokq ,enQ fojeks wdKavql%u

jHjia:dj 1978 § iïu; úh' ish¨fokdf.a u uQ,sl whs;sjdislï ms<s.ekSu

o ish¨ u wdldrfha ksoyi N=la;s ú£ug uyck;djg we;s whs;sh ;yjqre

lsÍu o fuu wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska isÿ úh'

ksoyfia wNsfhda.

uyck;djg ;u whs;sjdislï /l .ksñka ksoyi N=la;s ú£ug

we;s whs;sh ksoyiska miq we;s jQ ish¨ u wdKavql%u jHjia:d u.ska

;yjqre lr ;sfí' fida,anß jHjia:dj fjkqjg lsisÿ rglg" cd;shlg"

wdh;khlg ne£ula fyda j.lSula fyda fkdue;s j furg ck;dj úiska

m;alrkq ,nk jHjia:dodhlh u.ska iy úOdhlh u.ska rg md,kh

jk iajdëk wêlrK moaO;shlska iukaú; wdKavql%u jHjia:djla u.ska

Y%S ,xldfõ iEu mqoa.,hl=g u ksoyi N=la;s ú£ug we;s whs;sh ;yjqre

lr ;sfí'

ksoyiska miq we;s jQ foaYmd,ksl" iudchSh iy wd¾Ól fjkialï

u.ska rfÜ ck;djf.a Ôjk uÜgu by< kexùug o Tjqkaf.a m%cd;ka;%Sh

whs;sh ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd o lghq;= fhdod ;sfí' tfia jqj o ksoyiska

miq ld,mßÉfþoh ;=< ksoyi wdrlaId lr.ekSu iy mj;ajd f.khdu

29

ms<sn| j o ck Ôú;h iy rfÜ hymeje;au wdrlaId lr.ekSu iïnkaOfhka

o úúOdldrfha wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK§ug Y%S ,xldjg isÿ úh'

.xj;=r" iq<s iq<x yd kdhhEï jeks iajdNdúl Wmøjj,g o

uef,aßhd" fvx.= jeks úúO frda.dndO wdY%s; úm;a;sj,g o uqyqK§ug

rgg isÿúh' fuu iajdNdúl úm;a w;r oreKq u jHikh jQfha 2004

jif¾ Y%S ,xldj uqyqK ÿka iqkdñ jHikhhs' foaYmd,k wNsfhda. w;r

1956" 1978" 1983 ckjd¾.sl w¾nqo" 1962 rdcH úfrdaë l=uka;%Kh" 1971 iy

1988 ikakoaO wr., iy ;sia jirl l=ßre hqoaOh úfYaIs; fõ'

W;=re kef.kysr muKla fkdj uq¿ rg u w÷re j<dfjka jid.;a

oYl ;=kla mqrd meje;s l=ßre ;%ia;jd§ hqoaOh 2009 jif¾§ tjl meje;s

rch úiska iyuq,ska u foaYfhka ;=rka lr iuia; Y%S ,dxlslhkag u

ìfhka" ieflka f;dr j ksoyfia Ôj;aùug wjia:dj Wod lr§u furg

ck;d yoj;a ;=< iod fkdueflk wurŒh u;l igykla fõ'

wd¾Ól iy fi!LH w¾nqo w;r 2020 wdrïN jQ fldúâ 19 jHikh

m%uqL fõ' fuu ish¨ wNsfhda. yuqfõ Y%S ,xldj fkdie,S lghq;= lr

ch.;a w;r" tu wNsfhda. kej; we;s fkdùug kj fjkialï y÷kajd§u

o ta ta wjia:dj, mej;s rch úiska lghq;= lrk ,§'

30

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

73 jeks ksoyi iurk wjia:dj jkúg fldúâ 19 jix.;h Y%S

,xldjg oeä wNsfhda.hla ù ;sfí' óg fmr meje;s ksoyia Èk W;aijj,

wNsudkj;a nj iy úÑ;%j;a nj ta whqßka u fuu jif¾ ksoyia Èk

W;aijh i|yd iïmQ¾Kfhka u fhdod.ekSu o .eg¨jls'

ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xldj uqyqKÿka wNsfhda.j,§ Bg wod< fmr

w;aoelSï yd mQ¾jdo¾Y wkqj hñka tu wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK§ug yels úh'

iqkdñ jeks fmr w;aoelSï rys; wNsfhda.hl§ jqj o foia úfoia ish¨

md¾Yajj, u iyfhda.fhka iy wdOdrfhka tu jHjikhg uqyqK§ug;a

b;d flá ld,hla ;=< kej; rg h:d;;a;ajhg m;a lsÍug;a yels úh'

tfia jqj o fldúâ 19 jix.;h óg fmr uqyqK ÿka lsisÿ

jHikhla iuÕ iei¢h fkdyels" iudcfha iEu lafIa;%hla u wvmK

lrk jHikhla njg m;a j ;sfí' fuh Y%S ,xldjg muKla n,mdk

;;a;ajhla fkdjk w;r" f,dj ÈhqKq u iy n,j;a rgj,g o W!k

ixj¾ê; rgj,g o tl fia n,md we;'

kshñ; mßÈ ue;sjrK meje;aùu" jHjia:dodhlfha /iaùï

meje;aùu yd wêlrK kvq úNd. meje;aùu wd§ jQ rgl hymeje;au

;yjqre flfrk iqúfYaIs wjYH;d fuka u mqoa., yuqùï" isß;a úß;a

31

iy iudc iïnkaO;d mj;ajd .ekSu jeks uQ,sl iudc yrj, meje;au

o fuu fldúâ 19 jHikh fya;=fjka wNsfhda.hg ,la ù we;' wd¾Ól

jYfhka ksIamdok lafIa;%h l%uj;a j mj;ajd f.khdu ms<sn| j .eg¨

we;s ù ;sfí' jix.;h i|yd tkak;a Ndú;h u.ska fuu jHikh ;=rka

lsÍug yelsjkq we;ehs wfmalaId l<yels jqj o ;j;a fndfyda l,la

fï jix.;h iuÕ Ôj;a fjñka wd¾Ól" iudc iy foaYmd,k meje;au

idudkH mßÈ isÿlr.ekSug isÿ j ;sfí' iuia; f,dalhg u fuu oreKq

wNsfhda.fhka je<lS isàu wiSre ld¾hhla ù we;'

73 jeks ksoyia Èkh jkúg fldúâ 19 jix.;fha fojeks /,a,g

uqyqK§ug rgg isÿ j we;' Y%S ,xldfõ iuia; ksIamdok lafIa;%h u

jix.;fha n,mEug yiq j ;sfí' rfÜ úfoaY úksuh Wmhk m%Odk

wd¾Ól wxY jk wmkhk" ixpdrl iy úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh jeks ish¨

wxY wjysr ù we;s w;r" w;HjYH wdydr øjH wdkhkh jeks wxYj,g

o ÿIalr;d we;s j ;sfí' lDIsld¾ñl" l¾udka; iy fiajd hk m%Odk

wd¾Ól wxY ;=k u fuu jHikfha wys;lr n,mEug k;= j we;'

tjeks ;;a;ajhl§ ksoyia ieureu ksis whqßka N=la;s ú£ug wjYH

mßirh ks¾udKh lsÍu ÿIalr h' wd.ñl ksoyi iajlSh wd.udkql+,

32

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

j;ams<sfj;a mj;ajd .ekSug fkdyelsùfuka o NdIKfha ksoyi /iaùï

meje;aùug fkdyelsùfuka o m%ldYkfha ksoyi ikaksfõok iy

ckudOH lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hdug we;s j ;sfnk ndOlj,ska o wjysr

ù ;sfí'

Y%S ,xldfõ fldúâ 19 fojeks /,a, m<uq /,a,g jvd fjkia j"

flál,la ;=<§ b;d fõ.fhka me;sr .sfha h' rch fuu fojeks fldúâ

/,af,a jHdma;sh je<elaùu i|yd hdka;%Khla ilia l< w;r" frda.h

y÷kd.ekSfï mÍlaIK m%udKh o jeä lf<a h' fldúâ wdidÈ;

frda.ska ish¨fokd u frday,a .;lsÍu i|yd wjYH myiqlï ie,iSug

o wdidÈ;hkaf.a wdY%s;hka y÷kd.ekSug iy ksfrdaOdhkh lsÍu i|yd

myiqlï ie,iSug o lghq;= lf<a h' rcfha iy mqoa.,sl wxYfha ld¾hd,

iy wdh;kj, lghq;= iSud lsÍug o isÿjQ w;r" Kh jdßl f.ùï wdÈh

iïnkaOfhka iyk ie,iSug o ixprK iSud mkjk ,o wjia:dj,§ tu

m%foaYj, ck;djg iyk ie,iSug o rch lghq;= lf<a h'

fï wdldrhg fldúâ 19 jix.;h md,kh lsÍug lghq;= lrk

w;r u rcfha yd fm!oa.,sl wxY fiajlhkaf.a jegqma f.ùu iy;sl lsÍu"

fiajd" ksIamdok lghq;= wjysr ù we;s fyda jid oud fyda we;s wdh;k

i|yd iyk ie,iSu" w;HjYH fiajd ndOdjlska f;dr j mj;ajdf.k

33

hdu yd fldúâ 19 jHikh fya;=fjka úfoaYj, wirK jQ Y%S ,dxlslhka

mshjfrka mshjr furgg f.kajd .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu jeks ld¾hhka

fjkqfjka iDcq j ueÈy;aùug iy tA i|yd wjYH uQ,H m%;smdok fkdwvqj

,nd§ug o rch lghq;= lf<a h'


fï jkúg uq¿ f,dalh u uqyqK§ we;s oejeka; u wNsfhda.h

fldúâ 19 jix.;h msgqoelSu jqj o ta i|yd ;srir úi÷ula ,nd§u

fjkqfjka ksYaÑ; l%shdud¾.hlg t<eöug iuia; f,dal m%cdjg u yels

ù fkdue;' tjeks ;;a;ajhla ;=< ckÔú;h idudkH mßÈ mj;ajdf.k

hdug;a wd¾Ól wNsfhda.j,g úi÷ï ,nd§ug;a rg h:dj;a lsÍu i|yd

wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok Wmdhud¾. Èh;a lsÍug;a rch lghq;= lf<a h'

2019 ckdêm;sjrKfha§;a 2020 md¾,sfïka;= uyue;sjrKfha§;a

furg w;snyq;r ck;dj rg yok fi!Nd.Hfha oelau m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh

wkqu; l< w;r" md¾,sfïka;=fõ ;=fkka foll ckjrula ,ndfoñka

tu m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh l%shd;aul lsÍfï j.lSu rchg mjrd we;' ta

wkqj fujr ksoyia Èk ieureu —biqreu;a fyg Èkla - fi!Nd.Hu;a

uõìula˜ hk f;audj hgf;a iurkq ,nkafka —rg yok fi!Nd.Hfha

oelau˜ m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh u.ska m%ldYs; rg yok ie,iqï iy l%fudamdh

34

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

u.ska rfÜ bÈß ixj¾Ok oelau ;j ;j;a furg ck;djg wjOdrKh

lsÍfï wruqKq fmroeß j h'

9 jeks md¾,sfïka;=fõ ux., ieish wu;ñka w;s.re ckdêm;s

f.daGdNh rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud rg yok iajlSh m%;sm;a;sh meyeÈ,s lrñka"

;u md,kh hgf;a .=K.rel" úkh.rel" kS;s.rel iudchla rfÜ

f.dvkef.ñka mj;sk nj;a rfÜ wdrlaIdj h<s iqrlaIs; lsÍug lghq;=

lr we;s nj;a ´kE u mqrjeishl=g ;ukaf.a iy ;u mjqf,a wdrlaIdj

.ek ìh fkdù ksoyfia Ôj;aúh yels jgmsgdjla ilid we;s nj;a fmkajd

ÿkafka h'

—rg yok fi!Nd.Hfha oelau˜ m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh yqÿ ue;sjrK

fmdfrdkaÿ ud,djlska Tíng .sh meyeÈ,s foaYmd,k" wd¾Ól" iudÔh

iy ixialD;sl o¾Ykhla u; mokï jQ l%fudamdh iys; mq¿,a ixj¾Ok

ie,iquls' tu ixj¾Ok b,lal imqrd.ekSu i|yd jk fhdackd we;=<;a

2021 jirg wod< whjeh f,aLkh i|yd md¾,sfïka;=fõ ;=fkka follg

jeä nyq;r wkque;shla ,enqKq w;r" ta wkqj fuu jif¾§ —rg yok

fi!Nd.Hfha oelau˜ m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkfha we;=<;a fhdackd l%shd;aul

lsÍu i|yd wjYH uQ,H iïm;a Wmfhdackhg o tu.ska wjia:dj Wod ù

we;'

35

ffcj úúO;ajfhka fmdfydi;a yd ixialD;sluh jYfhka

fm%!V cd;sl Wreuhlska msßmqka wmf.a ud;DN+ñh mßir ixfõ§ ;srir

ixj¾Okhlg lem jQ rgla iy cd;shla f,i fi!Nd.Hfha oelau hgf;a

biau;= lsÍug 2021 whjeh f,aLkh u.ska wjYH Yla;sh yd ffO¾hh

ie,fik nj o im: lr we;'

rg wkfmalaIs; jHikhlg f.dÿre j ;snqK o iuia; ck;djf.a

Ôjfkdamdh iqrlaIs; l< yels jkqfha o Tjqkaf.a ffoksl Èúmeje;au

idudkH ;;a;ajhlska mj;ajdf.k hd yels jkqfha o rfÜ ksIamdok

l%shdj,sh Wmßu f,iska u wLKav j l%shd;aulùug bv m%ia:d ie,iSu

u.sks' fldúâ 19 jix.;h wdrïN jQ uq,a jljdkqfõ§ rg u jid oeóug

lghq;= lsÍu fya;=fjka wd¾Ól j¾Ok fõ.h RK uÜgulg m;a úh'

tfia jqj o jix.;h mj;sk m%foaY yer wfkla m%foaYj, wd¾Ól iy

ksIamdok lghq;= ndOdjlska f;dr j mj;ajdf.k hdug yelsùu ksid 2020

wjika ld¾;=fõ§ tu ;;a;ajh Ok wd¾Ól j¾Okhl uÜgug m;alr

.ekSug yels úh'

fujeks fmr fkdjQ úrE" widudkH iy ìhlre jgmsgdjla ;=<

wd¾Ólfha Okd;aul ;;a;ajhla we;s lr.ekSu w;sYh ÿIalr ld¾hhls'

36

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

tfia jqj o —biqreu;a fyg Èkla - fi!Nd.Hu;a uõìula˜ Wodlr .ekSu

i|yd rfÜ ckÔú;h h:d;;a;ajhg m;a lr .ksñka by< wd¾Ól"

iudc iy ixialD;sl ixj¾Okhla <Õdlr .ekSug lghq;= l< hq;= j

we;' —M,odhS mqrjeisfhla" i;=áka Ôj;ajk mjq,la" .=K.rel iudchla

iy fi!Nd.Hu;a foaYhla f.dvkeÕSu˜ rcfha wruqK nj w;s.re ckdêm;s

f.daGdNh rdcmlaI uy;d ;u m%;sm;a;s m%ldYh md¾,sfïka;=jg bÈßm;a

lrñka m%ldY lf<a h' foia úfoia lsisÿ n,fõ.hlg wjk; fkdù rfÜ

iaffjß;ajh /l .ksñka" ck;dj wdrlaId lr.ksñka rg fi!Nd.Hh lrd

f.khdug wmg j.lSula mejÍ we;ehs o rfÜ wkd.; mrmqr fjkqfjka

j;auka mrmqr tu j.lSu bgql< hq;= j we;ehs o t;=ud i|yka lr ;sfí'

iefjd u tld fuka fujeks wkfmalaIs; jHikj,§ ffO¾hu;a j

uqyqK§fuka yd rfÜ ixj¾Okh i|yd iuia; cd;sfha u lemùu iy

odhl;ajh ,nd §fuka ksoyfiys wdiajdoh yd iqjodhl nj ienE f,i u

w;aú£ug wmg yelsjkq we;'

37

ntw;wpg; ghij njhlf;fk; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau;

Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F cl;gl;l ,uz;lhapuk;

tUlq;fSf;F Nkw;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; vjpu;g;G>

mr;RWj;jiy ,yq;ifapdhy; vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;b Vw;gl;l

NghjpYk;> FWfpa fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; mjd; Rje;jpuj;ijAk;>

,iwahz;ikiaAk; ghJfhf;Fk; mNjNtisapy; xU

Rje;jpu ehlhf jd;id fhj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F ,yq;ifapdhy;

Kbe;jJ. may; ehLfspypUe;J te;j Nrho> ghz;ba

kd;du;fisg; Nghd;W ntspehl;ltu;fspdhy; mt;tg;NghJ

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gil vLg;Gf;fspdhy; ,yq;if

mOj;jj;jpw;Fs;shd NghjpYk;> mt;thwhd ntspehl;L

gilnaLg;Gf;fis vjpu;nfhz;L ehl;bd; Rje;jpuj;ij

ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F ,yq;ifauhfpa Mz;fspdhYk;>

ehl;L kf;fspdhYk; Kbe;jJ.

ve;jnthU ntspehl;L ,dj;jtUf;Fk;

mbikg;gl;bUg;gij midj;J re;ju;g;gq;fspYk;



38

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

mUtUg;ghd epiyapy; mjid epuhfupj;j ,yq;if kf;fs;

,uz;lhapuk; tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf jkJ jha; ehl;il

mbikg;gLj;Jtjw;F vtUf;Fk; ,lkspf;ftpy;iy. mEuhjGuk;

,uhr;rpaj;jpy; ,Ue;J = n[atu;jdGu Nfhl;il ,uhr;rpak;

tiuapy; jiyefuj;ij khw;wp vjpupfspd; gilnaLg;gGf;fis

ntw;wpfukhf vjpu;nfhs;tjw;F kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd %Nyhgha

#oiy cUthf;fp ehl;by; midtiuAk; xw;Wikahf itj;jpUf;f

,tu;fs; cioj;jdu;.

6 MtJ guhf;fpukghF kd;dhpdhy; ,Wjpahf ,yq;if

xd;wpizf;fg;gl;L jha;ehl;bd; ,iwahz;ikAk; xw;WikAk;

kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;lJ. mtiu njhlu;e;J Nfhl;il

,uhr;rpaj;jpy; Gjpa tifapyhd vjphpfspd; vjpu;g;G rf;jpfs;

vjpu;f;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mjhtJ Kjy; Kiwahf ,yq;if>

Nkw;fj;Nja ehl;ltupd; gilnaLg;ig vjpu;f;nfhs;sNtz;b

Vw;gl;ljpdhy;; ghJfhf;fg;gl;bUe;j jha; ehl;bd; Rje;jpuk;> ,iwik

,of;fg;gl;L ,yq;ifau; Njhy;tp fz;l ,dj;jtuhd epiyikf;F

js;sg;gLk; gpd;Gyk; cUthdJ.

1505 Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;iff;F tUifj;je;j Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau;

Nfhl;il ,uhr;rpaj;ij Kjyhtjhf jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs;

nfhz;L te;jJld; ,J ,yq;iff;fhd Rje;jpuj;ij ,of;Fk;

39

Muk;gkhf mike;jJ. md;W Kjy; 1815 Mz;L tiu ,yq;ifapd;

fiuNahu gpuNjrk; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau;> xy;yhe;ju; kw;Wk; Mq;fpNyau;

Nghd;w mjhtJ mg;nghOJ cyfpy; typikg;ngw;wpUe;j ehLfspd;

fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpf;F mbikg;gl;lJ. nkhj;j ehLk; ntspehl;L

fhydpj;Jtj;jpw;F mbikg;gLk; epiyia jLg;gjw;fhf fz;b

,uhr;rpaj;jpd; (fe;j clul;l) kd;du; Ml;rp fhyk; jdJ KO

typikAlDk; NghuhbaJ.

,jd; gadhf mbf;fb fz;b ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; kPJ Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau;

xy;yhe;ju; kw;Wk; Mq;fpNyau; Nghd;w Mf;fpukpg;ghsh;fspdhy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gilnaLg;ig jLj;J jha;ehl;bd; Rje;jpuj;ij

ghJfhg;gjw;Fk;> KO ehLk; ntspehl;L fhydpahtij jLg;gjw;Fk;

fz;b ,uhr;rpaj;jpdhy; Kbe;jJ.

,Ug;gpDk;> Nkw;fj;Nja gilnaLg;ghsu;fspd; etPd ,uhZt

rf;jp kw;Wk; jpl;lkpl;l %Nyhghaj;ijg; Nghd;W mg;nghOJ fz;b

,uhr;rpaj;jpd; jiytu;fsplk; epytpa mjpfhu Nghl;b fhuzkhf

1815 Mk; Mz;by; nkhj;j ehLk; Rje;jpuj;ij ,of;Fk; epiyikf;F

js;sg;gl;lJ.

,of;fg;gl;l Rje;jpuj;ij kPz;Lk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd

Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fz;b cld;gbf;if ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lij mLj;J

40

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

Muk;gkhdJld;> mjw;fhf ehl;Lg;gw;W kpf;f Mapuf;fzf;fhd

,yq;ifau;fs; capu;j;jpahfk; nra;jdu;. gilnaLf;fg;gl;l

vjpupfshy; jq;fs; tPLfs;> fhzpfs; kw;Wk; Njhl;lq;fs;

mopf;fg;gl;lij Neubahf fz;l NghjpYk; mtu;fs; ehL kw;Wk;

Njrj;jpd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhf ,iltplhJ Nghuhl;lj;ij Kd;ndLj;jdu;.

1818 Mk; Mz;L fpsu;r;rpahf milahsg;gLj;jg;gLk;>

Mq;fpNyaUf;F vjpuhd Njrj;jpd; KjyhtJ tpLjiy Nghuhl;lk;

1817 Mk; Mz;L Muk;gkhdJ. fz;b kd;du; cs;spl;l

,uhr;rpaj;jpd; nkhj;j ehl;ilAk; Mq;fpNyaUf;F toq;Ftjw;fhf

KOikg;gLj;jg;gl;l fz;b cld;gbf;if (fe;j clul;l) 1815 Mk;

Mz;L khu;r; khjk; 02 Mk; jpfjp ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. mj;NjhL

,jpy; ,uz;liu tUlq;fSf;F gpd;du; Mq;fpNyau; Mjpf;fj;jpw;F

vjpuhd KjyhtJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk; Muk;gkhdJ.

1818 Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgu; khjk; 06 Mk; jpfjp tiuapy;

xU tUl fhyj;jpw;F Nkyhf mg;nghOJ cyfpd; typikg;ngw;w

Mf;fpukpg;ghsupd; MAj rf;jp kw;Wk; gzkpLf;Ff;F vjpuhf

njhlu;r;rpahf fpsu;r;rpapy; <Lgl;l tPuu; nfg;gl;bnghy tpLjiy

Nghuhl;lj; jiythpdhy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l KjyhtJ ehl;Lg;gw;W

41

kf;fs; rf;jp mikg;G ntspehl;L Mjpf;fj;ij xopf;Fk; msTf;F

tYthfTk;> Mw;wYlDk; ,Ue;jik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

G+u;tpf kf;fs; jkJ tpLjiy Nghuhl;lj;ij Muk;gpj;j

NghJ mjd; Muk;g re;ju;g;gj;jpy; fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpahsu;fs;

mij tpiuthfTk;> ,yFthfTk; Kwpabf;f KbAk; vd;W

vjpu;g;ghu;j;jdu;. 1817 Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; khjk; 17 Mk; jpfjp

mg;nghOJ ,yq;ifapd; MSeuhfapUe;j nuhNgu;l; gpuTd;upf;

(Robert Brownrigg) yz;ldpy; cs;s fhydpj;Jt nrayhsUf;F fbjk;

xd;iw mDg;gpitj;jhu;. me;j fbjj;jpy; jw;Nghija fpsu;r;rpia

mlf;fFtJ (nfg;gl;bnghy)it ifJ nra;tjd; %yNk vd

ePq;fs; Gupe;Jnfhs;tPu;fs;. ePz;lfhyk; nry;tjw;F Kd;du; mJ

,lk;ngWk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.

,Ug;gpDk;> fpsu;r;rp njhlUtij mLj;J jhk; Njhy;tpia

jOt Ntz;b Vw;gLk; vd;Wk; jkf;F ,yq;ifia iftpl;L nry;Yk;

epiy Vw;gLk; vd;Wk;> MSeUf;F Njhd;wpaJ. fpsu;r;rp Muk;gkhfp

8 khj fhyk; fle;j Ntisapy; gpuTd;upf; MSeu; 1818 Mk;

Mz;L Vg;uy; khjk; 17 Mk; jpfjp gpupj;jhdpa fhydpj;Jtj;jpw;F

gpd;tUkhW vOjpapUe;jhu;.

42

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

“mw;gkhd ijupak; ,Ue;jNghjpYk; xOf;fkw;w kpUfj;jdkhd

xU $l;lj;jpduhy; kfj;jhd ,uhZt typikAldhd gilia

ehl;by; ,Ue;J ntspNaw;Wtjpy; cs;s fsq;fk; ekJ gpw ,e;jpa

mbik Fbkf;fSf;Fk; xU Nkhrkhd Kd;khjpupahf mikAk;.

ehl;il KOikahf mbikg;gLj;jpa gpd;du; ehk;> mq;fpUe;J

ntspNaw tha;g;ghf mikAk;. Vida ,e;jpau;fs; ekJ typikapd;

fhuzkhfNt mtu;fs; ekf;Ff; fPo;g;gbfpwhu;fs;. ,;jd; fhuzkhf

ehk; ,e;j gpuNjrq;fis iftpLjy; my;yJ guhkupj;jy; Fwpj;j

tplaj;ij Fiwj;J kjpg;gPL nra;af;$lhJ vd;gij ftdj;jpy;

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.”

Njhy;tpia jOtpa gpupj;jhdpa fhydpj;Jtj;jpdUf;F

Vw;gLk; mtkhdk; kw;Wk; Mgj;J Fwpj;J tpgupj;j MSeu;

Aj;jj;ij ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;F Nkyjpf ,uhZtk;> MAjk; kw;Wk;

cjtpfis toq;FkhWk; Nfhupf;if tpLj;jhu;. ,jid njhlu;e;J

3 khjq;fSf;F gpd;du; kPz;Lk; Fwpg;gpl;l tplak; vd;dntdpy;

“fpsu;r;rp njhlu;e;Jk; gaq;fu tbtk; vLj;J mr;RWj;Jfpd;wJ” vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.

1818 Mk; Mz;L ehl;Lg;gw;W nfhz;l tpLjiy Nghuhl;lj;jpd;

%yk; ,yq;iff;F Rje;jpuj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf ,Ue;j

43

re;ju;g;gk; ,of;fg;gl;L Nghuhl;lk; Njhy;tpaile;jJ. ,e;jpahtpypUe;J

te;j fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpahsu;fs; kw;Wk; mz;ba gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s

Nkyjpf ,uhZt nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; MAjg; nghUl;fis nfhz;L

tUtjw;F Kbe;jjpdhy;> tpLjiy Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jiytu;fs;

kj;jpapy; gpsT Vw;gl;lik Kjyhdit ,jw;F fhuzkhFk;.

Rje;jpuj;Jf;fhd KjyhtJ ehl;Lg;gw;W tpLjiy Nghuhl;lj;jpy;

Rje;jpuk; ntspg;gilahf fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk; mjw;fikthf mJ

Njhy;tpaile;jJ.

KjyhtJ Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lk; 30 tUlq;fSf;F gpd;du;

mjhtJ 1848 Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,uz;lhtJ Rje;jpug;

Nghuhl;lk; fhydpj;Jt epu;thfj;jpdhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;l fhzpf;

nfhs;is> Njrpa tptrhaj; Jiwiaf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shik

kw;Wk; mjpf tup Rkj;jg;gl;lik Nghd;wit nghJ kf;fis Rikf;F

cs;shf;fpa nraw;ghLfSf;F vjpuhf Vw;gl;l fpsu;r;rpahFk;.

fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpahsu;fspdhy; ,e;j fpsu;r;rpia nfh^ukhd

eltbf;if %yk; xLf;Ftjw;F Kbe;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> Gjpjhf

Rkj;jg;gl;l tupia ,uj;J nra;tjw;F ,e;j Nghuhl;lk; fhuzkhf

mike;jJ. ,J ,uz;lhtJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Rje;jpu

,yq;if epu;thfj;ij kPz;Lk; Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd ,uz;lhtJ

MAj vOr;rpahf cUntLj;jJ.

44

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

KjyhtJ kw;Wk; ,uz;lhtJ MAjg; Nghuhl;lk;

,uz;bYk; ehl;Lg;gw;W tpLjiyAld; njhlu;Ggl;l Mjuthsu;fs;

Mapuf;fzf;fhNdhu; capupoe;jdu;. Nghuhl;lq;fspd; gpd;du;

fhydpj;Jt epu;thfj;jpdhy; ,e;j Rje;jpu Nghuhl;l jiytu;fs;

cs;spl;l E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd Nghuhl;l tPuu;fs; nfh^ukhd Kiwapy;

nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lJld;> mtu;fsJ FLk;g nrhj;Jf;fSk;

mgfupf;fg;gl;ld.

1848 Mk; Mz;L ,uz;lhtJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;Jf;F

gpd;du; fhydpj;Jt epu;thfj;jpw;F vjpuhf MAjg; Nghuhl;lk;

jiynaLj;jJ. Vfhjpgj;jpa Ml;rpapy; ,Ue;J tpLgLtjw;fhf

kf;fs; mikg;Gfs; gy Muk;gkhfpd. ,yq;if Njrpa rq;fj;jpdhy;

elj;jg;gl;L te;j [dehafthjpfspd; rPu;jpUj;jq;fs; kw;Wk;

Rje;jpuj;Jf;fhd mikg;Gf;fs; gy;NtW nraw;ghLfs; Clhf

Rje;jpuj;ij ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;fhf mu;g;gzpg;Gld; nraw;gl;ld.

mdfhupf ju;kghy mtu;fspd; kjk;> r%fk; kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu

kPs; cUthf;fj;Jf;fhd mikg;G> ngsj;jk;> Njrpa fyhr;rhuk;>

r%f cupikia ,jd; %yk; Vw;gLj;jtjw;F cjtpaJ. Kw;wpYk;

,iwapay; epWtdj;ijg;Nghd;W k`h Nghjp epWtdj;jpdhy;

toq;fg;gLk; ghlrhiyf; fy;tpia Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

45

Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l eltbf;ifapd; %yk; Njrpa fy;tp Kiw ghupa

mstpyhd khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

kJ Nghijf;F vjpuhd (mkhj;ag;g ntahghua / Amadyapa

Viyaparaya) vd;w mikg;G Neubahf Vfhjpgj;jpathjpfspd; fyhr;rhu

Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhf kf;fis xd;W jpul;baJ. mNjNtis

murpay; JiwapYk; Vw;gl;l Gjpa khw;wKk; Rje;jpuj;Jf;fhd kf;fs;

mikg;Gf;fis xd;W jpul;Ltjw;fhfTk;> tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk;

VJthf mike;jJ. ,NjNghd;W #upaky; vd;w mikg;gpd;

eltbf;if gpupj;jhdpa Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpw;F vjpuhf gfpuq;fkhf

gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;l vjpu;g;G eltbf;ifahdJld;> mjd; %yk; ehl;by;

,lJrhup mikg;Gf;fs; Muk;gkhtjw;F trjpahfTk; mike;jJ.

Vfhjpgj;jpathjpfsplk; ,Ue;J Rje;jpuj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf

,lJrhup mikg;Gf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs;> rpj;jhe;jq;fs;> nghJkf;fis

xd;W jpul;baJld; tptrhapfs;> njhopyhsu;fs; MfpNahiu

njhlu;GgLj;jp vjpu;g;G eltbf;iffSf;F gpd;Gykhf mike;jd.

gpupj;jhdpa fhydpj;Jt epu;thfj;jpdhy; ,yq;iff;F njhlu;e;Jk;

Rje;jpuj;ij toq;fhjpUg;gjw;F Kbahj epiy> xd;W jpuz;l

epiyia Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

1948 Mk; Mz;L ngg;utup khjk; 04 Mk; jpfjp ,yq;if Rje;jpu

ehlhdJ. ru;t[d thf;F gyj;Jld; jhk; tpUk;Gk; epu;thfj;jpdiu

46

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

njupT nra;Ak; Rje;jpuk; cs;spl;l Ngr;R Rje;jpuk;> fUj;Jf;fis

ntspapLjy; kw;Wk; $l;lq;fis elj;Jtjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; Nghd;w

[dehaf Rje;jpuq;fis mDgtpf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; ,jw;fikthf

,yq;ifau;fSf;F fpilj;jJ. midj;J egu;fSf;Fk; Rje;jpuj;ij

mDgtpf;ff;$ba tifapy; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f kWrPuikg;ig

mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,e;j Rje;jpuj;ij gad;gLj;Jtjw;F

,yq;ifapdhy; Kbe;Js;sJ.

Rje;jpuj;jpd; gupR

mbf;fb nghJ kf;fs; thf;F Kiwapd; fPo; mjpfhuj;Jf;F

njupthd gpujhd fl;rpfspdhy; ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf filg;gpbf;f

Ntz;ba nghUshjhu nfhs;if njhlu;gpy; khWgl;l fUj;Jf;fis

nfhz;bUe;j NghjpYk;> r%f mgptpUj;jp njhlu;gpy; ngUk;ghYk;

nghJthd eilKiwNa filg;gpbf;fg;gl;lJ.

gy jrhg;j fhykhf fhydpj;Jt epu;thfj;jpw;F

mbikg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;j mgptpUj;jpiaf; nfhz;l ehL vd;w

uPjpapy; nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; r%f mgptpUj;jpf;fhfTk;> Nrkey

nfhs;iffSf;Fk; rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;du; njupthd midj;J

murhq;fq;fSk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fpd. ,e;j nfhs;ifapy;

Kf;fpa gpupthd ,ytrf;fy;tp> ,ytr Rfhjhu Nrit kw;Wk;

tho;tjw;fhd epthuzj;ij toq;Fjy; Nghd;w nfhs;iffspy;

47

rpy khw;wq;fSf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l NghjpYk;> Rje;jpu ,yq;ifapy;

mit njhlu;r;rpahf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,jd; fhuzkhf

kdpjts mgptpUj;jp njhlu;gpy; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;du; fhyj;jpw;F

Vw;w tifapy; ,yq;ifapdhy; ngwg;gl;Ls;s ngWNgWfs;

ghhpajhFk;.

1970 Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpastpy; ,yq;if jdJ

Nrkey nghUshjhuf; nfhs;if %yk; kdpjts mgptpUj;jp

njhlu;gpy; mile;Js;s ngWNgWfis cyfpy; rpy nghUshjhu

tpQ;Qhdpfspdhy; ftdk; nrYj;jf;$ba epiyikia

mile;Js;sJ. ,yq;if Fiwe;j tUkhdj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;j

NghjpYk; Mff;$ba tUkhd epiyapy; cs;s ehLfspYk; ghu;f;f

nghJ kf;fspd; tho;f;if epiyapy; Kd;Ndw;wk; Mff;$ba

ngWNgw;iw miltjw;F ,yq;ifapdhy; Kbe;Js;sJ.

MAl;fhyk;> fy;tp mwpT Nghd;w kdpjts mgptpUj;jp

Rl;nlz;zpy; ,yq;if Nkk;gl;Ls;sJld;> kuz tpfpjk;> Foe;ij

kuztpfpjk; Mfpad Fiwthd tpfpjj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sd. ,jd;

%yk; kdpjts mgptpUj;jp njhlu;gpy; njw;fhrpahtpy; Mff; $ba

tsu;r;rp tPjj;ij nfhz;Ls;s ehlhf ,yq;if jpfo;fpd;wJ.

,NjNghd;W mbikg;gLj;jg;gl;l fhydpj;Jt epu;thfj;jpw;F gpd;du;

48

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

ngUk;ghyhd ehLfspYk; ghu;f;f ,yq;if kf;fspd; tho;thjhu

epiy rpy fhyg;gFjpapy; Mff;$ba kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

fhydpj;Jt epu;thfk; vd;w uPjpapy; epytpa mgptpUj;jpiaf;

nfhz;l ngUk;ghyhd ehLfs; Rje;jpuk; ngw;w gpd;du; [dehaf

epu;thf Kiwf;F gjpyhf ru;thjpfhu Ml;rpfs; Njhd;wpa NghJ

ru;t[d thf;Fupik gyj;jpd; %yk; njupT nra;ag;gl;l [dehaf

epu;thf Kiwia njhlu;r;rpahf Kd;ndLg;gjw;F ,yq;ifapdhy;

Kbe;Js;sJ.

[dehaf epu;thf Kiwf;F vjpuhf rpy fhyg;gFjpapy;

rthy;fs; Vw;gl;l NghjpYk; mt;thwhd midj;J rthy;fisAk;

ntw;wpnfhz;L ru;t[d thf;Fupik gyj;jpd; %ykhd epu;thf

nghwpKiwia khw;Wjy; my;yJ Kd;ndLj;jy; Nghd;w

eltbf;iffis njhlu;r;rpahf cWjp nra;tjw;F ,yq;ifapdhy;

Kbe;Js;sJ.

[dehafj;jpd; Clhf Rje;jpuj;ij cWjp nra;jy;

1948 Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;iff;F Rje;jpuk; fpilj;j

NghjpYk; gpupl;ldpd; fhydpj;Jt epu;thfj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;

nraw;gLj;jg;gl;l Nrhy;gup murpay; ahg;gpw;F mikthf me;j

Rje;jpuj;jpd; epge;jidfSf;F cl;gl;l NghjpYk; KOikahd

49

Rje;jpuj;ij mDgtpg;gjw;F ehl;bdhy; Kbahky; NghdJ.

,jw;fikthf gpupl;ldpd; kfhuhzpia ,yq;ifapd; epu;thf uPjpapy;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; cau; ePjp kd;wj;jpd; mjpfhuk; gpupl;ldpd;

gpuG rig (Privy Council) Clhf eilKiwg;gLj;jNtz;ba epiyAk;

,yq;iff;F Vw;gl;lJ.

,yq;iff;F nghUj;jkhd murpay; ahg;gpd; %yk;

KOikahd Rje;jpuj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Gjpa murpay;

ahg;G xd;iw epiwNtw;WtJ njhlu;ghf mbf;fb Ngr;Rthu;j;ij

eilngw;w NghjpYk; mjw;fhd re;ju;g;gk; 1972 Mk; Mz;L FbauR

murpay; ahg;G epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJld; fpilj;jJ.

1972 Mk; Mz;L FbauR murpay; ahg;gpd; %yk; ,yq;if

Fbaurhf gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;ljd; %yk; ngupa gpupj;jhdpahtpd;

gpujpepjp vd;w uPjpapy; epakpf;fg;gl;l MSeUf;F gjpyhf ngaustpyhd

mjpfhuj;ijf; nfhz;l epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp xUtiu mur

jiytuhf epakpg;gjw;Fk; ePjpkd;w Kiwapd; %yk; ,yq;ifapd;

cau; ePjpkd;wk; ,Wjp ePjpkd;wkhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd re;ju;g;gk;

fpilj;jJ.

ehl;L kf;fs; midtupdJk; mbg;gil cupik Rje;jpuk; cWjp

nra;ag;gLtjhf FbauR murpay; ahg;gpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j

50

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

ahg;gpw;F 1978 Mk; Mz;L xf;Nlhgu; khjk; 4 Mk; jpfjp xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l

jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk; mJtiuapy; epytpa ngaustpyhd [dhjpgjp

gjtp epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp gjtpahf epakpf;fg;gl;lJ. Nrhy;gup

murpay; ahg;gpw;F gpd;du; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,uz;lhtJ murpay;

ahg;G 1978 Mk; Mz;L epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. midtuJk; mbg;gil

cupikia Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;> midj;J tifapyhd Rje;jpuj;ij

mDgtpg;gjw;F nghJ kf;fSf;Fupa cupikia cWjp nra;jy;

,e;j murpay; ahg;gpd; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

Rje;jpuj;jpd; rthy;fs;

nghJ kf;fs; jkJ cupikfisg; ghJfhj;J Rje;jpuj;ij

mDgtpg;gjw;F cs;s cupik Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;du; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l

midj;J murpay; ahg;gpd; %yKk; cWjp nra;ag;gl;lJ. Nrhy;gup

murpay; ahg;gpw;F gjpyhf ve;jnthU ehl;bd; ,dj;jpw;F my;yJ

epWtdj;jpw;F fl;Lg;gLjy; my;yJ nghWg;G mw;w nghJ kf;fspdhy;

epakpf;fg;gl;l rl;l kd;wj;jpd; %yk; kw;Wk; epiwNtw;W mjpfhupapd;

%yKk; ehL epUtfpf;fg;gLk; RahjPd ePjpkd;w fl;likg;igf;

nfhz;l murpay; ahg;gpd; %yk; ,yq;ifapd; midj;J egu;fSf;Fk;

Rje;jpuj;ij mDgtpg;gjw;fhd cupik cWjp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;du; Vw;gl;l murpay;> r%f kw;Wk;

nghUshjhu khw;wq;fs; %yk; nghJ kf;fspd; tho;thjhu epiyia

51

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mtu;fspd; [dehaf cupikia cWjp

nra;tjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. ,Ug;gpDk;

Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;duhd Neu fhyg;gFjpapy; Rje;jpuj;ij ghJfhj;jy;

kw;Wk; Kd;ndLg;gJ njhlu;ghfTk; nghJ kf;fspd; tho;f;if kw;Wk;

ehl;bd; eyd;> ghJfhg;ig cWjp nra;tJ njhlu;gpy; gy;NtW

tifapy; rthy;fis ,yq;if vjpu;nfhs;sNtz;b Vw;gl;lJ.

nts;sk;> #whtsp kw;Wk; kz;rupT Nghd;w ,aw;if

mdu;j;jq;fSf;Fk; kNyupah> nlq;F Nghd;w gy;NtW Neha;fSld;

njhlu;Ggl;l mdu;j;;jq;fisAk; ehL vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;b Vw;gl;lJ.

,e;j ,aw;if mdu;j;jj;Jf;F kj;jpapy; kpf Nkhrkhd mdu;j;jk;

2004 Mk; Mz;by; Rdhkp vd;w flw; Nguiy MFk;. murpay;

rthy;fSf;F kj;jpapy; 1956> 1978> 1983 Mfpa Mz;Lfspd; ,d

uPjpapyhd neUf;fb> 1962 Mk; Mz;L muRf;F vjpuhd rjp> 1971

kw;Wk; 1988 Mk; Mz;Lfspd; Vw;gl;l gaq;futhjk; kw;Wk; 30

tUl fhy nfh^u Aj;jk; Nghd;wit tpNrlkhf Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

tlf;F fpof;F kj;jpukd;wp KO ehl;ilAk; ,USf;Fs; js;spa

30 tUl fhykhf epytpa nfh^u gaq;futhj Aj;jk; 2009 Mk;

Mz;lstpy; mg;NghJ ,Ue;j murhq;fj;jpdhy; KOikahf ehl;by;

,Ue;J Jilj;J vwpag;gl;L midj;J ,yq;ifau;fSk; mr;rk;

52

A View on Freedom


njhiyNehf;F

ksoyia ±lau

A View on Freedom

,d;wp Rje;jpukhf tho;tjw;fhd re;ju;g;gk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lik ,e;j

ehl;L kf;fspd; ,jaq;fspy; vd;Wk; kwf;f Kbahj cd;djkhd

epidTfshFk;.

nghUshjhu kw;Wk; Rfhjhu neUf;fbfSf;F kj;jpapy;

2020 Mk; Mz;L Muk;gkhd nfhtpl; 19 itu]; njhw;W Kf;fpa

,lk;ngWtJld;> ,e;j midj;J rthy;fSf;F kj;jpapy; ,yq;if

jsuhJ nraw;gl;L ntw;wp nfhz;Ls;sJld;> ,e;j rthy; kPz;Lk;

Vw;glhJ ,Ug;gjw;F khw;wj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jp me;j re;ju;g;gj;jpy;

,Ue;j murhq;fk; vd;w uPjpapy; nraw;gLfpd;wJ.

73 MtJ Rje;jpu jpdj;ij nfhz;lhLk; ,e;j

re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; nfhtpl; - 19 njhw;W ,yq;iff;F ngUk; rthyhf

mike;Js;sJ. ,jw;F Kd;du; eilngw;w Rje;jpu jpd itgtk;

ngUikf;FupajhfTk;> rpwg;ghdjhfTk; mike;jJld; ,e;j

tUlj;jpy; ,e;j Rje;jpu jpd itgtj;jpw;fhf ,jid KOikahf

gad;gLj;JtJ gpur;rpidahFk;.

Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;du; ,yq;if vjpu;nfhz;l rthy;fspy;

mjw;fikthf Kd;ida mDgtk; kw;Wk; vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSf;F

mikthf ,e;j rthy;fis vjpu;nfhs;tjw;F Kbe;Js;sJ. Rdhkp

53

Nghd;w Kd;ida mDgtj;Jldhd rthy;fspYk; $l cs;ehl;L

ntspehl;L midj;J jug;gpdupdJk; xj;Jiog;G kw;Wk; cjtpAld;

me;j mdu;j;jj;ij vjpu;nfhs;tjw;Fk; kpf FWfpa fhyj;jpw;Fs;

ehl;il ];jpu epiyf;F Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; Kbe;jJ. ,Ue;j

NghjpYk; nfhtpl; njhw;iw ,jw;F Kd;du; vjpu;nfhz;l ve;jnthU

NguopTlNdh my;yJ NtNwJlNdh xg;gpl KbahJ. r%fj;jpy;

midj;J JiwfisAk; Klf;Fk; mdu;j;jkhf ,J mike;Js;sJ.

,J ,yq;iff;F khj;jpuk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; epiy my;y

mj;NjhL tsu;r;rp fz;l kw;Wk; mjpfhukpf;f ehLfisAk;

tsu;r;rpailahj ehLfisAk; ,J rkdhf ghjpj;Js;sJ.

Fwpg;gpl;l tifapy; Nju;jiy elj;Jjy;> murpay; ahg;G

$l;lq;fis elj;Jjy;> ePjpkd;w tof;Ffis elj;Jjy; Nghd;wit

ehnlhd;wpd; ey;tho;it cWjp nra;Ak; rpwg;ghd tplaq;fshFk;.

,NjNghd;W r%f Jiwapy; re;jpg;Gf;fs; rk;ujhaq;fs; kw;Wk;

njhlu;Gfis Kd;ndLj;jy; Nghd;w mbg;gil r%f tpOkpaq;fspd;

,Ug;Gf;fSk; ,e;j nfhtpl; mdu;j;jj;jpdhy; rthYf;F

cs;shfpAs;sJ. nghUshjhu uPjpapy; cw;gj;jp Jiwia Kiwahf

Kd;ndLj;jy; njhlu;gpYk; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gl;Ls;sd.

njhw;Wf;fhd jLg;G+rpia gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ,e;j

njhw;iw ,y;yhnjhopf;f KbAk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l NghjpYk;>

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NkYk; gy fhyk; nfhtpl; njhw;Wld; tho;e;J nghUshjhu>

r%f kw;Wk; murpay; ,Ug;ig nghJthd tifapy; Nkw;nfhs;s

Ntz;bNaw;gLk;. cyfj;jpw;Fk; ,e;j nfh^ukhd rthiyj; jLg;gJ

ngUk; rpukj;jpw;Fupa tplakhf mike;Js;sJ.

73 MtJ Re;jpu jpdkstpy; nfhtpl; njhw;wpd; 2 MtJ

miyia ehL vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,yq;ifapd;

nkhj;j cw;gj;jp JiwAk; nfhtpl; njhw;wpdhy; mOj;jj;jpw;F

cs;shfpAs;sJ. ehl;bd; ntspehl;L nryhtzpiag; ngWk; gpujhd

nghUshjhu Jiwahd Vw;Wkjp> Rw;Wyh kw;Wk; ntspehl;L Nrit

– Nghd;w midj;J JiwfSk; jilg;gl;Ls;sd. mj;jpahtrpa

czTg;nghUl;fspd; ,wf;Fkjp Nghd;w JiwfspYk; rpukq;fs;

Vw;gl;Ls;sd. tptrhak;> ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; Nrit Nghd;w

gpujhd nghUshjhu 3 gpupTfSk; ,e;j njhw;wpdhy; fLikahf

ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,t;thwhd epiyikf;F kj;jpapy; Rje;jpuj;ij nfhz;lhLtJ

cupa tifapy; mDgtpg;gjw;F Njitahd #oiy cUthf;FtJ

rpukkhdjhFk;. kj Rje;jpuk;> jkJ kj ghuk;gupaj;Jf;fhf

Nghuhbaik Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; Ngr;R Rje;jpuk;> $l;lq;fis

elj;j Kbahik %yKk;> fUj;J Rje;jpuk; njhlu;ghly; kw;Wk;

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Clf eltbf;iffis Kd;ndLg;gjpy; Vw;gl;Ls;s jil %yKk;

,ilA+W Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

,yq;ifapy; nfhtpl; ,uz;lhtJ miy KjyhtJ

miyapYk; ghu;f;f khw;wkile;J FWfpa fhyj;jpw;Fs; kpf Ntfkhf

gutpaJ.

murhq;fk; ,e;j ,uz;lhtJ nfhtpl; miy guTtij jLg;gjw;fhd

nghwpKiw xd;iw jahupj;jJld; Nehia ,dq;fhz;gjw;fhd

gupNrhjid vz;zpf;iffisAk; mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

nfhtpl; njhw;Wf;Fs;shd Nehahsu; midtiuAk;

itj;jparhiyf;Fs; cs;thq;Ftjw;F Njitahd

trjpfisr; nra;jJld;> njhw;Wf;Fs;shdtu;fSld;

njhlu;Gfisf; nfhz;bUe;jtu;fis milahsk; fhz;gjw;Fk;

jdpikg;gLj;jYf;Fkhd trjpfisr; nra;tjw;Fk; eltbf;if

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. murhq;fk; kw;Wk; jdpahu; Jiw

mYtyfq;fs; kw;Wk; epWtd eltbf;iffis tiuaWf;fNtz;b

Vw;gl;Ls;sJld;> jtizf; nfhLg;gdTfisr; nrYj;JtJ

njhlu;gpy; epthuzk; toq;Ftjw;Fk; gaz tiuaiw tpjpf;fg;gl;l

re;ju;g;gq;fspy; me;j gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s kf;fSf;F epthuzk;

toq;Ftjw;Fk; murhq;fk; eltbf;if Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

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,e;j tifapy; nfhtpl; njhw;W gutiyj; jLg;gjw;F

eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJld;> murhq;fk; kw;Wk; jdpahu;

Jiw Copau;fspd; rk;gsk; nrYj;jg;gLtij cWjp nra;jy;>

Nrit kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp eltbf;iffSf;F jilahfTs;s my;yJ

%lg;gl;Ls;s epWtdq;fSf;F epthuzk; toq;Fjy;> mj;jpahtrpa

Nritfs; jilfs; ,d;wp elj;jg;gLtjw;fhfTk;> nfhtpl;

njhw;wpd; fhuzkhf ntspehLfspy; rpukq;fis vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s

,yq;ifau;fis ehl;Lf;F mioj;J tUtjw;fhd eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gazpfSf;fhf Neubahf jiyapl;L mjw;fhd

epjpia xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; murhq;fk; xOq;Ffis Nkw;nfhz;lJ.


jw;nghOJ KO cyfKk; vjpu;nfhz;Ls;s ghupa rthy;

nfhtpl; - 19 njhw;iw ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;Fk; me;j Ngz;jF jPu;itg;

ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;fhf Fwpg;gpl;l nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F

midj;J cyf r%fj;jpw;Fk; Kbe;Js;sJ. ,t;thwhd Kiwapy;

kf;fs; tho;f;ifia toik Nghd;W Kd;ndLg;gjw;Fk;> nghUshjhu

mgptpUj;jp %Nyhghaq;fis Kd;ndLg;gjw;Fk; murhq;fk;

nraw;gl;Ls;sJ.

2019 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w [dhjpgjp Nju;jypYk; 2020

Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w ghuhSkd;w nghJj; Nju;jypYk; ehl;by;

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ngUk;ghd;ikahd kf;fs; ehl;il fl;bnaOg;Gk; nrsghf;fpa

njhiyNehf;F nfhs;ifg; gpufldj;jpw;F mq;fPfhuk; toq;fpaJld;>

ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; 3 ,y; 2 kf;fs; Mizia toq;fp me;j nfhs;ifia

eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; nghWg;ig murhq;fj;jpw;F toq;fpAs;sdu;.

,jw;fikthf ,k;Kiw Rje;jpu jpd nfhz;lhl;lk; ‘RgPl;rkhd vjpu;fhyk; - nrsg;ghf;fpakhd jha; ehL’ vd;w njhdpnghUspd;

fPo; nfhz;lhlg;gLk; ‘ehl;il fl;bnaOg;GNthk; nrsghf;fpa

njhiyNehf;F’ vd;w nfhs;if gpufldj;jpd; %yk; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;s

ehl;il fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd jpl;lk; kw;Wk; %Nyhghaq;fs; %yk;

ehl;bd; vjpu;fhy mgptpUj;jp> njhiyNehf;F kw;Wk; NkYk; ,e;j

ehl;L kf;fSf;F typAWj;Jk; Nehf;fj;JlNdNa MFk;.

09 MtJ ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; Muk;g $l;lj; njhlupy;

ciuahw;wpa mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp Nfhl;lhga uh[gf;\ mtu;fs;

ehl;il fl;bnaOg;Gk; jdJ nfhs;ifia njspTgLj;jp> jkJ

epu;thfj;jpw;F gz;Gfis kjpf;Fk; kw;Wk; rl;lj;ij kjpf;Fk;

r%fnkhd;W fl;bnaOg;gl;L tUtjhfTk;> ehl;bd; ghJfhg;ig

kPz;Lk; cWjp nra;tjw;F xOq;Ffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUg;gjhfTk;>

ve;jnthU gpui[f;Fk; jkJ kw;Wk; jkJ FLk;g ghJfhg;G Fwpj;J

gakpd;wp Rje;jpukhf thof;$ba #oy; cUthf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhfTk;

Rl;bf;fhl;bdhu;.

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‘‘ehl;il fl;bnaOg;Gk; nrsghf;fpa njhiyNehf;F” nfhs;if gpufldj;jpw;F cupa Nju;jy; thf;FWjpfSf;F mg;ghy;

njspthd murpay;> nghUshjhuk;> r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu

vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSf;F mbg;gilahd %Nyhghaj;Jldhd mgptpUj;jp

jpl;lkhFk;. ,e;j mgptpUj;jp ,yf;if G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhd

MNyhridfis cs;slf;fpa 2021 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd tuT

nryTj;jpl;l Mtzj;Jf;fhf ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; 3 ,y; 2 f;F Nkw;gl;l

mq;fPfhuk; fpilj;jJld;> ,jw;fikthf ,e;j tUlj;jpy; ‘ehl;il

fl;bnaOg;Gk; nrsghf;fpa njhiyNehf;F nfhs;if gpufldj;jpy;’ cs;slf;fg;gl;l MNyhridfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F

Njitahd epjp ts gad;ghl;Lf;Fk; ,jd; %yk; re;ju;g;gk;

fpilj;Js;sJ. gy;Yapu; ngUf;fj;jpyhd tsk; kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu

uPjpahf ngUikiaf; nfhz;l Njrpa kuGupikiaf; nfhz;l

vkJ jha; ehl;bd; #oy; Rw;Wr;#oy; czu;jpwd; epiyj;jd;ik

mgptpUj;jpf;F mu;g;gzpj;j ehL kw;Wk; Njrpa ,dj;jtu; vd;w

uPjpapy; nrsghf;fpa njhiy Nehf;fpd; fPo; Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F 2021

Mk; Mz;L tuT nryTj;jpl;l Mtzj;jpd; %yk; Njitahd tY

kw;Wk; Cf;fk; toq;fg;gLtjhf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ehL vjpu;ghuhj Nguopthy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk; nkhj;j

kf;fspd; tho;thjhuj;ij ghJfhf;ff; $bajhfTs;sJ. mtu;fspd;

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ehshe;j tho;f;ifia toik Nghd;W Kd;ndLf;ff;$ba tifapy;

ehl;bd; cw;gj;jp nraw;ghLfs; Mff;$ba tifapy; njhlu;;r;rpahf

nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F trjpfs; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. nfhtpl; njhw;W

Muk;gpj;j Kjy; fhyfl;lj;jpy; KO ehl;ilAk; Klf;Ftjw;F

eltbf;if Nkw;nfhz;likahy; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp Ntfk; ke;j

epiyia mile;jJ. mg;gb ,Ue;j NghjpYk; njhw;W epytpa

gpuNjrq;fs; jtpu;e;j Vida gpuNjrq;fspy; nghUshjhu kw;Wk;

cw;gj;jp eltbf;iffis jilapd;wp Kd;ndLg;gjw;F Kbe;jikahy;

2020 Mk; Mz;L ,Wjpf; fhyhz;L gFjpapy; ,e;j epiyikapd;

rkdhd nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpia nfhz;Ltu Kbe;jJ.

,t;thwhf Kd;ndhUNghJk; ,y;yhj mrhjhuz kw;Wk;

mr;rj;Jld; $ba #oYf;F kj;jpapy; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lik kpfTk; fbdkhd gzpahf mike;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;>

‘tskhd ehL nrsghf;fpa jha; ehl;il’ cUthf;Ftjw;fhf

ehl;L kf;fs; tho;f;ifia toik epiyf;F Kd;ndLj;J cau;

nghUshjhu> r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu mgptpUj;jpia miltjw;fhf

nraw;glNtz;bAs;sJ. kfpo;r;rpAld; thof;$ba FLk;gk;>

ew;gz;Gfis kjpf;Fk; r%fk; kw;Wk; nrsghf;fpak; kpf;f ehl;il

fl;bnaOg;Gjy; Nghd;wd murhq;fj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk; vd;W

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mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp Nfhl;lhga uh[gf;\ mtu;fs; jkJ nfhs;if

gpufldj;ij ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; rku;g;gpj;J njuptpj;jpUe;jhu;.

cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;L ve;jnthU rf;jpfSf;Fk; fPo;g;gbahJ

ehl;bd; ,iwahz;ikia ghJfhj;J nghJkf;fspd; ghJfhg;ig

cWjp nra;J ehl;il nrsghf;fpaj;ij Nehf;fp Kd;ndLg;gjw;fhd

nghWg;G vkf;F toq;fg;gl;bUg;gjhfTk;> ehl;bd; vjpu;fhy

jiyKiwapdUf;fhf jw;Nghija jiyKiwapdu; me;j nghWg;ig

epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mtu; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.

ehk; midtUk; xd;whf ,t;thwhd vjpu;ghuhj Nguopit

tYTld; vjpu;nfhz;L ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf KO NjrKk;

mu;g;gzpg;Gld; gq;fspg;ig toq;fp Rje;jpuj;jpd; cj;Ntfj;ijAk;>

Fzg;gLj;jiyAk; ePq;fs; cz;ikapNyNa mDgtpf;ff; $bajhf

,Uf;Fk;.

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Despite constant foreign invasions for over two thousand years in the past, since the arrival of Prince Vijaya to the Portuguese

onslaught, except in a short spell of time, Sri Lanka remained an Independent State by safeguarding her freedom and sovereignty. Resisting the influence made by foreign invaders such as Cholas and Pandyas from neighboring countries, Sri Lanka’s ancient kings and the citizens faced the enemies with valor and protected the territory of the land.

People of Sri Lanka who rejected and abhorred to live under the hands of any foreign nation allowed nobody to conquer their motherland for the past two thousand years. From the eras of the Kingdom

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of Anuradhapura to Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, adopted ground strategies, relocated the capital of the country and faced the enemy onslaughts successfully, and took measures to unite the country thereafter.

King Parakkramabahu XI united this land by rebuilding its sovereignty and unitary status for the last time. At the end of his rule, the Kingdom of Kotte faced a novel force of enemies. That is, Sri Lanka was compelled to face the invaders from the West for the first time, and the freedom of the motherland and its sovereignty they protected for years were lost. Since then, circumstances were created for Sri Lankans to live in a defeated nation.

Portuguese who arrived in Sri Lanka in 1505, first dominated the Kingdom of Kotte. That was the beginning for Sri Lanka to lose its Independence. Since then, the coastal areas of the country were controlled by the world’s most powerful nations at that time, the Portuguese, the Dutch, and the British until 1815. The Kandyan Kingdom made all possible commitments taking life risks to prevent the entire island from falling to the hands of a foreign colony.

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The Portuguese, the Dutch, and the British forces launched attacks on the Kandyan Kingdom time to time but the Kingdom in the upcountry was able to face such attacks successfully and prevent the entire island from falling into the hands of the invading armies.

However, in the face of modern warfare and the organized strategies of the Western invaders, as well as the divisions among the power-hungry local leaders in The Kandyan Kingdom at that time, Sri Lankan lost the freedom of the entire island in 1815.

The struggle to regain the lost-freedom began with the signing of the Kandyan Convention and, thousands of patriotic Sri Lankans sacrificed themselves in the battle against the enemy. Witnessing their households and ancestral real estates were destroyed by the enemy, they engaged in an unending struggle for the freedom of the country and its people. The first revolution by the nation against the British Invaders that is titled 1818-Uva Wellassa Uprising, initiated in September 1817. The final phase of the Kandyan Convention that conferred the entire island including the Kingdom of Kandy was signed on March

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2, 1815, and two and a half year later, the great revolution against the British Colony was commenced.

Having engaged in a constant struggle against one of the world most powerful invaders, the Patriotic People’s Force which was commanded by heroic rebel leader Monarawila Keppetipola successfully eliminated the foreign hegemony that reigned the country for over one year until October 6, 1818.

At the beginning of the freedom struggle launched by Sri Lankans, the Colonial rulers expected that they would be able to crush it easily within a short time. The British Governor in Sri Lanka at that time, Robert Brownrigg wrote to the Colony Secretary on November 17, 1817, ‘Your Lordship will observe that the suppression of the present insurrection depends almost entirely upon the capture of the Malaba Pretender and the rebel Desave, events which may, and I hope will take place ere long’. However, as the struggle widespread, he thought that he would be defeated thereby compelling him to leave Sri Lanka. Eight months after the struggle was launched, Governor Brownrigg

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informed the Colonial Office in London, on April 12, 1818. “Besides the disgrace to a great Military Nation in being expelled by a horde of semi-Barbarians, without discipline and but little courage, the bad example that such an expulsion, after a quiet Possession, would tend to give to our other Indian subjects, whose obedience can only be considered the consequence of their the opinion of our Strength, ought not to be least taken into consideration, in weighing the subject of retaining or abandoning these Provinces’’.

The Governor described the disgrace, disrepute, and the threat that could humiliate the British Monarch if his invasion army was defeated and appealed him to send reinforcements including additional troops, weapons, and other assistance to fight the war. Three months later, he informed again ‘the insurrection is continuing. ‘The insurrection still continues to bear an alarming appearance’… The patriotic Rebellion struggle was defeated in 1818 and Sri Lanka lost the opportunity to gain Independence. The reason is that British Colonial rulers brought additional troops and armory

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from India and the neighboring Colonies. The infightings that had already divided the rebel leaders added insult to injury. Ultimately, the first local revolutionary struggle for freedom was defeated in that manner.

Thirty years after the first rebellion, the second rebellion was launched in 1848. It struggled against the land grab by the Colonial rule, negligence of local industry, and excessive tax that angered the common man. The Colonial rulers crushed the struggle heinously but it forced the rulers to withdraw the newly imposed taxes. This armed upheaval was the second attempt to win free governance for Sri Lanka.

Thousands of local compatriots who loved their motherland were killed in both the first and the second freedom struggles. After crushing the struggles, the Colonial rulers massacred hundreds of local fighters and their leaders and, looted their family property as well.

Armed struggles against Colonial rulers saw instant death after wiping out the Second Rebellion in 1848 but different people’s

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movements were emerged to free the nation from the clutches of the imperialists. The Movement for Democratic Reforms and Freedom led by Lanka Jathika Sangamaya committed to winning freedom through various activities. The Movement for Religious Social and Cultural Renovation led by Anagarika Dharmapala immensely assisted in promoting Buddhism, local culture, and social traditions. A substantial change took place in the local education system on the strength of the activities carried out to restore the school education by the Buddhist Theosophical Society and Maha Bodhi Society. People directly rallied around the Temperance Movement against the foreign culture that was invading local traditions. At the same time, new changes took place in the political arena that also helped reinforce and strengthen the people’s movements for freedom.

Simultaneously, Suriyamal Movement openly declared its objections to the British imperialists. The activities of the movement were instrumental in initiating Left-wing politics in the country.

The opinions of the Left-wing, their potential to rally round the people and the other campaigns organized with the participation

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of farmer and laborer communities were gradually on the increase. The British imperialists could no longer resist the increasing protests which created a situation where they failed to deny Independence to Sri Lanka.

Subsequently, Sri Lanka declared an Independence State on February 4, 1948. People were bestowed with democratic freedom including universal franchise, freedom of expression, and freedom of assembly. Sri Lanka was also used such Independence to introduce new economic and social reforms to enable each person and every community to enjoy the fruits of new freedom.

Dividends of Independence Although the mainstream political parties that came to power from time to time under the universal franchise, and held different opinions on the development of the country, they held similar policies to a certain extent about the social development.

Having lived under Colonial rulers for decades, every government that came to power after Independence was obliged to give priority to welfare policies in its economic and social

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development agendas. Basic concepts of such policies are free education, free health service, and subsidies. Some revisions were made from time to time but they have continued uninterruptedly within the independent Sri Lanka. As a result, Sri Lanka’s achievement in the human resources development sector after Independence is remarkable. The success in the human resource development that achieved through her welfare economic policies by the 1970s was drawn to the special attention of certain global economists. Although Sri Lanka’s revenues remained at a low level, it was able to build a better lifestyle than that of the ones in other countries with high income levels.

The country has also enabled to increase the lifespan of its people, human development ratios such as literacy, and has maintained the death rate and child death rate at low levels. As a result, Sri Lanka achieved the highest progress in the human development in South Asia.

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Simultaneously, the lifestyle of Sri Lankans remained considerably at a higher level than that of the lifestyle of most of her fellow colonies.

In addition, Sri Lanka adopted a democratic governing system where the universal franchise is exercised to elect the rulers while many other colonies fell into authoritarian systems after they received Independence. The democratic governing system was threatened on several occasions in the past. Sri Lanka successfully exercised the universal franchise to change certain governments or ensure the continuity of the existing systems.

Ratification of Independence through Democracy Despite Sri Lanka was declared an Independent State in 1948, conditions were imposed under the Soulbury Constitution was implemented by the British Colonial Rulers. Therefore, the country was not able to enjoy full freedom. Accordingly, Sri Lanka had to accept the Queen of Great Britain as its ruler and implement the upper judiciary powers through the British Privy Council.

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In this backdrop, intermittent discussions took place to pass a new Constitution that would give full freedom to the country. The humble attempts were realized when a Republic Constitution was passed in 1972.

1972 Republic Constitution declared Sri Lanka as a Republic and, the Queen’s representative or Governor’s position was replaced with an executive presidency and head of the State which carries only nominal powers. In addition, the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka was recognized as the top Court of the country.

The Republic Constitution states that it ensures the fundamental rights and freedom of every citizen in the country. An Amendment was made to the Republic Constitution on October 4, 1978, thereby empowering the existing nominal President post as an executive President post. The second constitution introduced after Soulbery Constitution was passed in 1978. This new constitution also assured the fundamental rights of every citizen and ensured the people to enjoy all forms of freedom.

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Challenges before Independence All the Constitutions that were passed after Independence have ensured the people of their rights and freedom. Instead of Soulbury Constitution, a home-grown new Constitution has assured the rights of every individual, his or her rights to enjoy freedom. It has no obligation to any country, any nation or institution. No does it have responsibility on them as well. The people used their universal franchise to elect the Executive and the Legislature to govern the country where there is an Independent Judiciary system.

The political, social, and economic changes that took place after Independence have contributed to uplift the living standards of the people thereby ensuring them their democratic rights. However, Sri Lanka had to face various challenges to safeguard and continue Independence, protect the good governance of the country and the day to day lives of the people during the period after receiving freedom.

The country had to face natural disasters such as floods, cyclone, earth slips and; epidemics such as Malaria and Dengue. The worst among them was the Asian Tsunami that devastated

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the country, especially the coastal areas of the island in December 2004. In addition, the ethnic crisis in 1956, 1978, 1983, and mutiny in 1962, terrorism in 1971 and 1988, and the 30-year civil war are major among the political crises.

However, the bloody civil war which had covered the entire island with gloomy clouds, especially the North and the East for nearly three decades was eliminated from the land by the then government in power in 2009. Creating a peaceful environment for all Sri Lankans to lead a life in peace, without fear and suspicion is an eternal moment that has inscribed in the hearts of every Sri Lankan to be remembered with respect.

At the same time, the COVID-19 epidemic that broke out in early 2020 is key among economic and health crises. Sri Lanka firmly stood in front of these challenges and the governments in power at that time took measures to prevent the repetition of similar events.

The COVID-19 epidemic has posed a grave challenge on Sri Lanka as she is celebrating the 73rd Independence Day today. Therefore, celebrating Independence Day with all pomp and

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pageantry as exercised in the past is questionable. The country followed its previous experiences and precedency to face new challenges of the day. Even without prior experiences of the Tsunami, the country was able to face the calamity with the support of the local and foreign donors to rebuild the nation within a short time.

However, the onslaught of the COVID-19 epidemic cannot be compared with any other calamity that our country has faced in the past. It has attacked equally the most powerful countries as well as the under-developed countries.

The existence of good governance in many countries has been threatened by the COVID-19 epidemic thereby delaying elections, parliament sessions, and hearing of court cases. Social gatherings, practicing customs, and relationships by the members of the society have also been challenged.

Issues have emerged in continuing smooth economic activities in the production sector. The epidemic could be eliminated when anti-coronavirus vaccines reach the health sectors but people

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will be forced to live with the deadly virus and continue economic, social and political activities for a long time.

The country is facing the second wave of the Coronavirus epidemic as it is celebrating the 73rd Independence Day.

The entire local and export production sectors have been threatened by the COVID-19 epidemic. Tourism and foreign employment were gravely affected consequently losing valuable foreign exchange earnings. The import of essential commodities has also been affected. The three main economic sectors, Agriculture, Industry, and Services have badly affected by the deadly virus threat.

In such a backdrop, people are deprived of a conducive environment to enjoy the true spirit of Independence. Freedom to practise religious rites, freedom of expression, and freedom for assembly were limited. Communication and media activities are also hindered. The Second Wave of COVID-19 spread rapidly than the first within a short period. Government increased the number of PCR

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and Rapid Antigen tests, facility centers to accommodate the patients, and took measures to quarantine the close contacts of the infected patients.

State and private sector institutions were compelled to limit their functions, concessions were granted borrowers to pay their debts and reliefs were provided to residents when travel restrictions are imposed in their localities.

In addition, payment of salaries to government and private sector is assured, steps were taken to provide concession to temporarily closed manufacturing and service institutions, continuing essential services and making arrangements to bring down stranded Sri Lankan expatriates under several steps.

A Wealthy Tomorrow – Prosperous Motherland The majority of voters gave a strong mandate in 2019 Presidential Election as well as in 2020 General Election for ‘Vision of Prosperity’ election manifesto. A two-third majority is ensured in parliament thereby giving the responsibility to implement such an action plan. Accordingly, the 73rd Independence Day is celebrated

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under the theme of A Wealthy Tomorrow and Prosperous Motherland thereby ensuring the people of the promises they were pledged under the Vision of Prosperity Election Manifesto.

Explaining his Vision of Prosperity to rebuild the country during his address to the inauguration of the 9th parliament, His Excellency President Gotabaya Rajapaksa said that a society of values, disciplines and law-abiding people are being created under his rule, national defence has been restored thereby all citizens to live without fear.

In addition, the action plan of the Vision of Prosperity is already sanctioned by parliament and necessary allocations have been made to implement them in 2021 in order to make it a reality rather than remain black and white as any other popular election manifestos in the past.

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1948 - 2021









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A View on Freedom


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A View on Freedom

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a wealthy tomorrow – prosperous motherland

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