ALCOHOLISM Name: Id

Rakibul Islam 1420501030

DEFINATION OF ALCOHOLISM:

Alcoholism is a chronic illness marked by dependence on alcohol consumption that interferes with physical or mental health, and social, family or job responsibilities. This addiction can lead to liver, circulatory and neurological problems.

Introduction

• There are approximately 79,000 deaths attributable to excessive alcohol use each year in the US.

• This makes excessive alcohol use the 3rd leading lifestyle-related cause of death for the nation.

• In the single year 2005, there were more than 1.6 million hospitalizations and more than 4 million emergency room visits for alcohol-related conditions.

Definitions of Patterns of Drinking Alcohol

Binge drinking a. For women, 4 or more drinks during a single

occasion.b. For men, 5 or more drinks during a single occasion.

Heavy drinking a. For women, more than 1 drink per day on average. b. For men, more than 2 drinks per day on average

What Causes Alcoholism?

• Alcoholism is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, biological, and psychological factors.

• Alcoholism often runs in families. This is partially due to genetic factors.

• Although genetics is involved in many cases of alcoholism, children of alcoholic parents do not necessarily become alcoholic.

• In addition, people with no family history of the disease can develop alcoholism.

• Environmental factors also may affect drinking and the development of alcohol abuse and alcoholism.

• They include:1. Influence of family and friends; 2. Cultural attitudes and practices; 3. Ease of obtaining alcohol; and 4. Stress• Depression and anxiety disorders also increase people’s risk of

developing alcohol problems.• People may use alcohol to help deal with symptoms of these

disorders.• However, in some people depression and anxiety can be caused by

the alcohol dependence and go away after they withdraw from alcohol.

A. Immediate Health Risks

• Excessive alcohol use has immediate effects that increase the risk of many harmful health conditions.

• These immediate effects are most often the result of binge drinking and include the following:

1. Unintentional injuries, including traffic injuries, falls, drownings, burns, and unintentional firearm injuries.

2. Violence, including intimate partner violence and child maltreatment.

3. Risky sexual behaviors, including unprotected sex, sex with multiple partners, and increased risk of sexual assault. These behaviors can result in unintended pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases.

4. Miscarriage and stillbirth among pregnant women, and a combination of physical and mental birth defects among children that last throughout life.

5. Alcohol poisoning, a medical emergency that results from high blood alcohol levels that suppress the central nervous system and can cause loss of consciousness, low blood pressure and body temperature, coma, respiratory depression, or death.

Long-Term Health Risks

1. Neurological problems, including dementia, stroke and neuropathy.2. Cardiovascular problems, including myocardial infarction,

cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation and hypertension.3. Psychiatric problems, including depression, anxiety, and suicide.4. Social problems, including unemployment, lost productivity, and

family problems.5. Cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, colon, and breast. 6. Liver diseases, including: a. Alcoholic hepatitis. b. Cirrhosis, c. Other gastrointestinal problems, including pancreatitis and gastritis.

Social Problems

• Alcohol use can make mild social problems worse by causing people to be more irritable and likely to argue and by affecting judgment and control of behavior.

• Misuse of alcohol can lead to a number of moderate and serious social problems including:

1. Losing friends; 2. Losing jobs; 3. Child abuse and domestic violence; 4. Separation of family members; and 5. Divorce. 6.These disorders can have adverse effects on fertility.

7. Further, continued drinking may lead to early menopause.

Financial Problems

• Misuse of alcohol may make current money problems worse and cause new ones, including:

1. Having less money for necessary expenses like food and clothing;

2. Neglecting to pay bills; and • Creating additional expenses, such as extra medical costs,

fines, or car repairs.

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