America and America and GeorgiaGeorgia

In World War IIIn World War II

What started WWII?What started WWII?

Germany- WWI treaty punished the Germany- WWI treaty punished the country, economic problemscountry, economic problems

Hitler- came to power, promised a Hitler- came to power, promised a return to German greatnessreturn to German greatness

Rebuilding a German EmpireRebuilding a German Empire Japan- wanted an empire, land in Japan- wanted an empire, land in

southeast Asia and coast of Chinasoutheast Asia and coast of China

Where the war was fought:Where the war was fought:

European Theater: European Theater: Eastern Europe Eastern Europe and then throughout Europe and then throughout Europe

-GERMANY and Italy invade the -GERMANY and Italy invade the entire European continententire European continent

Pacific TheaterPacific Theater: Asia, Pacific, Islands, : Asia, Pacific, Islands, China- JAPANChina- JAPAN

Axis PowersAxis Powers

Allied PowersAllied PowersFDR, Josef Stalin, and Winston ChurchillFDR, Josef Stalin, and Winston Churchill

Harry Truman, Stalin and ChurchillHarry Truman, Stalin and Churchill

US InvolvementUS Involvement

IsolationismIsolationism: US belief/strategy to : US belief/strategy to keep to itself- not involve itself in keep to itself- not involve itself in world issues and affairs.world issues and affairs.

Stayed out of WWII for quite awhile- Stayed out of WWII for quite awhile- (until the bombing at Pearl Harbor)(until the bombing at Pearl Harbor)

Lend Lease ActLend Lease Act FDR and Congress passed act to be able FDR and Congress passed act to be able

to to lendlend war materials to countries that war materials to countries that were important to our interests. were important to our interests.

German u-boats began sinking American German u-boats began sinking American merchant ships.- (several off GA- SSI and merchant ships.- (several off GA- SSI and Cumberland)Cumberland)

FDR ordered to “FDR ordered to “shoot on sight”shoot on sight”

Attack on Pearl HarborAttack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941December 7, 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,

HawaiiHawaii Brought US into the war- became Brought US into the war- became

part of the ALLIESpart of the ALLIES Over 2,300 killed and 19 ships Over 2,300 killed and 19 ships

destroyeddestroyed ““A date which will live in infamyA date which will live in infamy””

The end of the The end of the depression depression

Men in the MilitaryMen in the Military

Women were in the workforceWomen were in the workforce

Factories making war productsFactories making war products

The European TheaterThe European Theater

The Holocaust and Liberating the The Holocaust and Liberating the Concentration CampsConcentration Camps

Hitler’sHitler’s plan was to “ plan was to “purifypurify” the German ” the German race by race by removing undesirablesremoving undesirables..

concentration camps concentration camps and then and then • killed them in killed them in gas chambersgas chambers

Over 6 million Jews diedOver 6 million Jews died An estimated 11 million people died in An estimated 11 million people died in

the campsthe camps This was the This was the HolocaustHolocaust Allied forces liberated a number of the Allied forces liberated a number of the

campscamps

Georgia and World War IIGeorgia and World War II

1940-still in depression, most still work 1940-still in depression, most still work on farmson farms

War Effort:War Effort: 1- Servicemen1- Servicemen 2-Manufacturing/War Supplies2-Manufacturing/War Supplies 3-Military Training3-Military Training 4-Crops and Supplies4-Crops and Supplies

Economy Improves!Economy Improves!

Georgia’s MilitaryGeorgia’s Military

Over 300,000 Georgia men and women served Over 300,000 Georgia men and women served in the military during the war.in the military during the war.

Almost 7,000 of them died.Almost 7,000 of them died.

Liberty ShipsLiberty Ships

Brunswick and SavannahBrunswick and Savannah Between 1943-44 99 built in BwkBetween 1943-44 99 built in Bwk Employed 16,000 peopleEmployed 16,000 people Quickly builtQuickly built, assembly line, assembly line ““throwaways”, “ugly ducklings”throwaways”, “ugly ducklings” Cargo ships- Cargo ships- supplies, men, weaponssupplies, men, weapons Famous people:Famous people:

• Henry GradyHenry Grady• Howard CoffinHoward Coffin

Glynco Naval Air StationGlynco Naval Air Station

This area is now known as This area is now known as FLETC.FLETC. Only Only Naval station Naval station to house to house every type of every type of

aircraftaircraft Largest Largest blimp base blimp base in the worldin the world Blimps looked for German U-boats and Blimps looked for German U-boats and

escorted Allied shipsescorted Allied ships

Bell Bomber Aircraft CompanyBell Bomber Aircraft Company

Marietta, GA Marietta, GA 19431943 Largest aircraft assembly plant in worldLargest aircraft assembly plant in world BuiltBuilt B-29 bombers B-29 bombers (665 of them)(665 of them) EmployedEmployed: from 1,179 to over : from 1,179 to over

17,000 by the end of the war17,000 by the end of the war Women- Rosie the RiveterWomen- Rosie the Riveter Major defense plant in USMajor defense plant in US Now Now Lockheed MartinLockheed Martin

Training Allied Troops in GATraining Allied Troops in GA GA and Texas had the most training facilitiesGA and Texas had the most training facilities

Camp Stewart Camp Stewart Camp Gordon Camp Gordon Fort Benning Fort Benning Warner Robbins Warner Robbins Southern FieldsSouthern Fields

How GA got so many military How GA got so many military camps:camps:

Lots of Lots of open unused land, good climateopen unused land, good climate Active and powerful leadersActive and powerful leaders:: Carl Vinson-Carl Vinson- US US CongressmanCongressman from from

GeorgiaGeorgia for over 50 yrs, helped create US for over 50 yrs, helped create US AIR FORCE and Navy in the Pacific, helped AIR FORCE and Navy in the Pacific, helped bring military to GAbring military to GA

Richard Russell-Richard Russell- US US Senator from GASenator from GA: over : over 40 yrs, 40 yrs, past governor of GApast governor of GA, supported , supported strong military, supported federal farm strong military, supported federal farm relief, rural electrification, relief, rural electrification, National School National School Lunch Act Lunch Act

Leaders saw this as a way Leaders saw this as a way to help Ga. to help Ga. economicallyeconomically

Camp StewartCamp Stewart

Now called Now called Fort StewartFort Stewart

Near Near SavannahSavannah

Anti-aircraftAnti-aircraft training training

Lots of land- Lots of land- live ammunitionlive ammunition

50,000 troops50,000 troops

280,000 acres- 5 counties280,000 acres- 5 counties

Camp GordonCamp Gordon

AugustaAugusta Largest Largest communication communication center in the center in the

worldworld

Fort BenningFort Benning

Columbus, GAColumbus, GA Largest Largest infantry training post infantry training post in the in the

worldworld

Warner Robins Warner Robins

Air Force BaseAir Force Base 15,000 civilian employees15,000 civilian employees

Southern FieldsSouthern Fields

Western GA- near AmericusWestern GA- near Americus German Prisoner of War CampGerman Prisoner of War Camp

PropagandaPropaganda

Georgia’s Wartime EconomyGeorgia’s Wartime Economy Economy is still rooted in Economy is still rooted in agriculture- agriculture-

diversified a little- dairy, food cropsdiversified a little- dairy, food crops Largest form of manufacturing is textilesLargest form of manufacturing is textiles Coca-ColaCoca-Cola won a won a government contractgovernment contract to to

supply Coke to the soldiers in Europesupply Coke to the soldiers in Europe• Bottling plants were built in Europe and the Bottling plants were built in Europe and the

PacificPacific

Social and Economic Impact of the WarSocial and Economic Impact of the War Two oil tankers were sunk off the coast of Two oil tankers were sunk off the coast of

SSI by German u-boatsSSI by German u-boats PeoplePeople collected and donatedcollected and donated items like items like

scrap metal and rubber to help make scrap metal and rubber to help make weapons and other equipment.weapons and other equipment.

Victory gardensVictory gardens were planted to help were planted to help families at home and troops overseasfamilies at home and troops overseas

Ration cardsRation cards were issued by the were issued by the government on such items as gas, rubber government on such items as gas, rubber tires, and meat & sugar.tires, and meat & sugar.

V-E DayV-E Day

Victory in Europe DayVictory in Europe Day Germany surrendersGermany surrenders May 8, 1945May 8, 1945

The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb The The B-29 bomber B-29 bomber known as the known as the Enola GayEnola Gay

dropped an dropped an atomic bomb atomic bomb on Hiroshima in on Hiroshima in JapanJapan

Three days laterThree days later, a second a-bomb was , a second a-bomb was dropped on dropped on NagasakiNagasaki, also in Japan, also in Japan

Over 110,000 people were killed Over 110,000 people were killed immediately and more than 100,000 immediately and more than 100,000 others died within a few months from others died within a few months from radiation exposureradiation exposure

HiroshimaHiroshima

NagasakiNagasaki

V-J DayV-J Day

Victory over Japan DayVictory over Japan Day Japan surrendersJapan surrenders August 14, 1945August 14, 1945

After Hiroshima and NagasakiAfter Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Postwar GeorgiaPostwar Georgia Baby BoomBaby Boom – A period in time of major – A period in time of major

increases in the number of births. Usually increases in the number of births. Usually happens after wars. happens after wars. (1946-1964)(1946-1964)

Men coming home from war looking for jobs.Men coming home from war looking for jobs. Moved to cities for more opportunities.Moved to cities for more opportunities.

Population Trends in GAPopulation Trends in GA

Between the 1930s and 1960s the Between the 1930s and 1960s the population in the rural areas dropped population in the rural areas dropped significantly as more people significantly as more people moved into moved into the cities the cities looking looking for good paying jobsfor good paying jobs..

Folks that came from other states to GA, Folks that came from other states to GA, moved into the moved into the urban areas due to the urban areas due to the industriesindustries that were springing up. that were springing up.

Changes in Business & IndustryChanges in Business & Industry The average GA yearly income tripled The average GA yearly income tripled

from 1940-1950from 1940-1950 The number of white collar workers grew The number of white collar workers grew

from 20% in 1940 to 33% in 1960from 20% in 1940 to 33% in 1960 The 3 major counties of metropolitan The 3 major counties of metropolitan

Atlanta grew as did Savannah (due to the Atlanta grew as did Savannah (due to the port)port)

The The automobile industry grew as did the automobile industry grew as did the textile industrytextile industry

Labor unionsLabor unions began to form after WWII to began to form after WWII to make sure people had good working make sure people had good working conditionsconditions

Changes in AgricultureChanges in Agriculture MechanizationMechanization

• Tractors replaced sharecroppersTractors replaced sharecroppers Dairy & LivestockDairy & Livestock

• Increase in meat and dairy products during WWIIIncrease in meat and dairy products during WWII• PoultryPoultry is the largest industry in GA is the largest industry in GA

Poultry accounts for half of the state's $4 billion farm Poultry accounts for half of the state's $4 billion farm income. Its economic impact in Georgia is $13.5 billion. On income. Its economic impact in Georgia is $13.5 billion. On an average day, the state produces 24.7 million pounds of an average day, the state produces 24.7 million pounds of chicken meat and 8.2 million table eggs. chicken meat and 8.2 million table eggs.

Improved Farming MethodsImproved Farming Methods• New crops that produced betterNew crops that produced better• New chemicals to control weeds & pestsNew chemicals to control weeds & pests• Better organization of farmsBetter organization of farms

Crop DiversityCrop Diversity• Peanuts, soybeans, & tobacco Peanuts, soybeans, & tobacco = 27%= 27%• Cotton = 2.5%Cotton = 2.5%• Poultry farming and livestock = 50%Poultry farming and livestock = 50%

Growth of AtlantaGrowth of Atlanta TransportationTransportation

• AtlantaAtlanta Hub for railroadsHub for railroads I-75, I-20, & I-85 all intersected hereI-75, I-20, & I-85 all intersected here

• Interstate highway systemInterstate highway system Hartsfield AirportHartsfield Airport

• Home of Delta AirlinesHome of Delta Airlines MARTAMARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit

Authority)Authority)

Lake Sidney LanierLake Sidney Lanier• New source of water for Atlanta areaNew source of water for Atlanta area

Major League SportsMajor League Sports

Falcons, Hawks, BravesFalcons, Hawks, Braves

Huge VENUE- brings in peopleHuge VENUE- brings in people Shows that city is large enough to Shows that city is large enough to

support sportssupport sports and therefore large and therefore large enough to enough to support industry, visitors, support industry, visitors, economyeconomy

Atlanta’s Political LeadershipAtlanta’s Political Leadership

William HartsfieldWilliam Hartsfield• Atlanta’s Atlanta’s longest serving mayorlongest serving mayor• Developed the Developed the Atlanta airportAtlanta airport

Serves more than 78 million passengers Serves more than 78 million passengers annuallyannually

• Supported the Supported the Atlanta zooAtlanta zoo• Reformed the city’s Reformed the city’s police and fire police and fire

departmentsdepartments

Politics in WWII GeorgiaPolitics in WWII Georgia Board of Regents Controversy- “Cocking Affair”Board of Regents Controversy- “Cocking Affair”

• Involved Governor Involved Governor Eugene TalmadgeEugene Talmadge• He tried to He tried to get rid of educators that promoted get rid of educators that promoted

integrating the state’s schoolsintegrating the state’s schools• The Board of Regents would not fire people The Board of Regents would not fire people

just because Talmadge said sojust because Talmadge said so• Talmadge then forced two members of the Talmadge then forced two members of the

board to resign and replaced them with board to resign and replaced them with people who did what he saidpeople who did what he said

• Due to Talmadge’s involvement and the firing Due to Talmadge’s involvement and the firing of two college professors, the Southern of two college professors, the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools Schools took away GA’s accreditation in the took away GA’s accreditation in the public school systempublic school system

Governor Ellis ArnallGovernor Ellis Arnall• Replaced TalmadgeReplaced Talmadge• Promised to reform state Promised to reform state

governmentgovernment• Established the Established the Dept. of CorrectionsDept. of Corrections

Abolished chain gangs and severe Abolished chain gangs and severe punishmentpunishment

• Formed the Formed the Board of Pardons and Board of Pardons and ParolesParoles

• Changed the Changed the voting age from 21 to voting age from 21 to 1818

GA was the first state to let 18-year-GA was the first state to let 18-year-olds voteolds vote

Three Governor’s ControversyThree Governor’s Controversy Eugene TalmadgeEugene Talmadge ran for governor again ran for governor again

in in 19461946• Campaigned on a white supremacy platformCampaigned on a white supremacy platform• Talmadge won the election but died before Talmadge won the election but died before

taking officetaking office Herman TalmadgeHerman Talmadge, Eugene’s son, , Eugene’s son,

received a number of write-in votes and received a number of write-in votes and declared himself the new governordeclared himself the new governor

M.E. ThompsonM.E. Thompson, the Lieutenant Governor , the Lieutenant Governor declared himself the governordeclared himself the governor

Ellis ArnallEllis Arnall said he was still the governor said he was still the governor since no one had been sworn in yetsince no one had been sworn in yet

Controversy ContinuedControversy Continued Herman’s supporters broke into the governor’s Herman’s supporters broke into the governor’s

office and changed the locksoffice and changed the locks• Ellis couldn’t get into his officeEllis couldn’t get into his office• Herman’s supporters said he was the new governor Herman’s supporters said he was the new governor

and gave him the keys to the officeand gave him the keys to the office Ellis set up a temporary office at the Ellis set up a temporary office at the

information booth of the Capitol buildinginformation booth of the Capitol building Lt. Governor Thompson set up a governor’s Lt. Governor Thompson set up a governor’s

office in a nearby buildingoffice in a nearby building The GA Supreme Court ruled Thompson the The GA Supreme Court ruled Thompson the

official governorofficial governor Upon a new election, Herman Talmadge beat Upon a new election, Herman Talmadge beat

Thompson and became the governorThompson and became the governor

PoliticsPoliticsThe The county unit system, that favored the county unit system, that favored the

small rural counties, was ruled small rural counties, was ruled unconstitutionalunconstitutional in the early 60s. in the early 60s.• This changed the face of GA politicsThis changed the face of GA politics