ap psych unit ii

AP PSYCH UNIT II TEST REVIEW

I believe in radical

behaviorism

• B.F Skinner

I started classical conditioning

• Ivan Pavlov

• In Pavlov’s classic experiment, I am the CS

•CS = the Bell

Bobo Doll is my xperiment

Bandura

YOU CAN CALL ME GUSTATION, OR JUST…

Taste

If you use me, I will increase the likelihood of

behavior repeating (I could be positive or negative)

•Reinforcement

You can’t see me or hear me. I am

below your absolute threshold

Subliminal stimulation

THIS STATES THAT DIFFERENCE THRESHOLDS INCREASE IN PROPORTION TO THE SIZE OF THE

ORIGINAL STIMULUS

WEBER’S LAW

I SWEAR I SAW YOU IN THE MALL

FALSE POSITIVE

THE PROCESS OF TAKING STILMULI IMPUT & TURNING IT INTO SOMETHING MEANINGFUL

PERCEPTION

I increase the likelihood that a BX

will be increased

• Positive reinforcement• Negative reinforcement

• I am used to decrease the likelihood that a behavior

will be repeated

• Punishment • Omission training

I connect a new stimulus to an previously established stimulus - response relationship

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

• In Ivan Pavlov’s classical experiment, I am the CR

CR = salivating

• Salivating

• In this experiment, I furthered the understanding

of classical conditioning (oh, and I raised a few ethical

concerns with the APA)

Little Albert & John B. Watson

• Little Albert & John B. Watson

Kinesthetic receptors are found here

Joints and Muscles

Vestibular receptors are found

here

Semicircular Canals

I am a cell in the retina.

I detect black and gray. I am

frequently used in dim lighting

Rods

We are the smallest bones in your body

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

I am a theory that attempts to explain

pain and can be applied to manage

pain

Gate Control Theory

• Cats used to puzzle me, now I explain their

“intrumental conditioning” by the “law of effect”

Edward Thorndike

I include these:texture gradient,

shawdowing, relative size cue, and linear

perspective

Monocular Cues

I, Eleanor Gibson, used this to

determine when children

understand depth perception

VISUAL CLIFF EXPERIMENT

325 × 300 - gynomite.wordpress.com

I am the term used to describe the transformation of stimulus energy into the electrochemical energy of

neural impulses

•TRANSDUCTION

• I carry neural messages to the LGN inside the Thalamus

Optic Nerve

• If your lens consistently focuses am image in front of your retina the opthamologist

will diagnose you

• near-sighted

•This explains afterimages

•Opponent-process theory

What perceptual principle?

• SIZE CONTANCY

What perceptual principle?

•SHAPE CONSTANCY

What did Max Wertheimer

start?

GESTALT

What’s this?

•Reversible figure-ground image

• The thalamus and I help regulate wakefulness, arousal and attention

Reticular Formation

I hang in the brain and I control body temperature, blood pressure, pulse and blood sugar levels

Hypothalamus

• Telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition & telekinesis

are my thing

•Parapsychology

• I go 1 2 3 4 back to 3 2 1, then REM

Sleep Cycle

I show mostly Delta on an EEG

STAGE 4

They call me paradoxical

REM

I can’t sleep!!!

Insomnia

I occur during stage 4

• Sleep walking, bed-wetting, night terrors, sleep talking

I am a drug and I am so depressing

Barbiturates

• Sedatives, tranquilizers, alcohol, valium, Xanax, “roofies”

I am such a “pain killer”

narcotics

• Morphine, heroin, codeine, opium, methadone

I am a stimulant

• Ritalin, ecstasy, nicotine, caffeine, cocaine

The neutral stimulus becomes the?

•Conditioned Stimulus

The UCR always becomes the

CS

The NS always becomes the

CS

In higher order conditioning, the CS is is connected to a new?

NS•  – Bully ---- Anxiety– School + Bully Anxiety• = School = Anxiety• TEST + School Anxiety

– TEST = Anxiety

• “Instrumental Conditioning”, he

believed that his work and

his research was

instrumental in shaping

future BX

Edward Thorndike

Responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli

Generalization

Terminating an aversive action

Escape Learning

This occurs when another NS is attached to an established CS, resulting in new

learning.

Higher Order Conditioning

•

I encourage the likelihood of a

behavior repeating, and you need me to

survive

Primary Reinforcer

I keep failing, so I give up!

Learned Helplessness

Wow Wolfgang…I suddenly got the answer

Insight Learning