the high and late middle ages
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THE HIGH AND LATE MIDDLE AGES
Chapter 8
MONARCHS, NOBLES AND THE CHURCH Nobles and the Church had far more
power – land
Battle of Hastings English kings – Christmas day, 1066 William, Duke of Normandy
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR Now the king of England, too Monitored his lands Domesday Book
Royal exchequer
HENRY II Inherited the throne
Traveling justices – what does this sound like?
Common law – legal system based on custom and court rulings
Jury – group of men sworn to speak the truth
HENRY II Wanted to try clergy in royal courts
Thomas Becket says no
Assassinated by four knights
KING JOHN Son of Henry II
Lost lands in Anjou and Normandy
Archbishop of Canterbury issue Innocent III excommunicated him, interdict
KING JOHN 1215 – Magna Carta
Due process of law
habeas corpus
Great Council - Parliament
FRANCE!!! Hugh Capet – Capetians for 300 years!!
987 Thought he was weak Played nobles against each other
PHILIP AUGUSTUS Gained powers and land
Albigensians
LOUIS IX 1226
Persecuted heretics
Two crusades
Traveling justices, ended serfdom, heard cases, became a saint in the church
PHILIIP IV Tried to collect taxes from the clergy
Pope Boniface VIII says “God has set popes over kings and kingdoms”
Philip sends troops to arrest the pope
THE GREAT SCHISM Pope escapes but dies shortly after
Benedict XI dies after eight months
Clement V, a Frenchmen, is elected
Four years later, moves the papal court to Avignon – Why?
THE GREAT SCHISM A new pope is elected in Rome
NOW THERE ARE TWO POPES!!!!!
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Germany to Italy
Otto I becomes the King of Germany
Otto defeats rebellious nobles of the pope so he crowned him “holy”
HENRY IV AND GREGORY VII Gregory made many reforms –
including banning lay investiture
Lay investiture – lay person “invested” bishops with the ring and staff that symbolized their office.
HRE Henry IV is not happy
EXCOMMUNICATION 1076 Henry is excommunicated
Henry repented
Crushed undermining nobles
Sent pope into exile
CONCORDAT OF WORMS 1122
Church has the sole power to elect and invest bishops and the emperor could give them fiefs
FREDERICK I “FREDERICK BARBAROSSA” “Red Beard”
Tried to unite Italy with the HRE
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