what were the middle ages?. periodsperiods early middle ages: 500 – 1000 high...

What were the Middle Ages?

PeriodsEarly Middle Ages: 500 1000

High Middle Ages: 1000 1250

Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

Rome FallsIn 476AD, invaders attacked the city of Rome and ended more than 800 years of glory for the eternal city. Historians mark the fall of Rome as the end of ancient history. The next 1000 years were called the Middle Ages. The beginning of the Middle Ages is often called the Dark Ages because Rome had fallen and life in Europe was hard.Very few could read and write, and no one expected conditions to improve. The only hope for most was their belief in Christianity, and the hope that life in heaven would be better than life on earth.

Europe in the 500s

The Medieval Catholic Church filled the need for power left from the collapse of the classical world. monasticism: St. Benedict Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. libraries to copy books called illuminate manuscripts. monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

Illuminated Manuscripts

Charlemagne: 742 to 814

Charlemagnes Empire

Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

Charlemagnes Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

FeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

A Medieval Castle

Parts of a Medieval Castle

The Road to KnighthoodKNIGHT

SQUIRE

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Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

Code of ChivalryThou shalt believe all that the Church teaches, and shalt observe all its directions. Thou shalt defend the Church. Thou shalt repect all weaknesses, and shalt constitute thyself the defender of them. Thou shalt love the country in the which thou wast born. Thou shalt not recoil before thine enemy. Thou shalt make war against the Infidel without cessation, and without mercy. Thou shalt perform scrupulously thy feudal duties, if they be not contrary to the laws of God. Thou shalt never lie, and shall remain faithful to thy pledged word. Thou shalt be generous, and give largess to everyone. Thou shalt be everywhere and always the champion of the Right and the Good against Injustice and Evil.

The Medieval ManorYou can do it all by yourself!!

Life on the Medieval ManorSerfs at work

Plague/Black Death: Took out 54 million1/3 of population wiped outDefining event(s) of the Middle AgesSpread by fleas which lived on ratsA lack of cleanliness added to their vulnerability: crowded with poor sanitation; ate stale or diseased meat; primitive medicine (people were often advised to not bathe b/c open skin pores might let in the disease).Highly contagious disease nodules would burst around the area of the flea bite.

In 1347, Italian traders returned from the Black Sea from China. Many of the sailors were already dying of the plague, and within days the disease had spread from the port cities to the surrounding countryside. The disease spread as far as England within a year.

William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry)

Evolution of Englands Political System Henry I: Williams son. set up a court system. Exchequer dept. of royal finances. Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.

Evolution of Englands Political System Henry I: Williams son. set up a court system. Exchequer dept. of royal finances. Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.

Magna Carta, 1215 King John I Runnymeade Great Charter monarchs were not above the law. kings had to consult a council of advisors. kings could not tax arbitrarily.

The Beginnings of the British Parliament Great Council: middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. eventually called Parliament. by 1400, two chambers evolved: House of Lords nobles & clergy. House of Commons knights and burgesses.

The Rise of European Monarchies: France

Gothic Architectural Style Pointed arches. High, narrow vaults. Thinner walls. Flying buttresses. Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. Stained-glass windows.Flying Buttresses

Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

Setting Out on Crusade

Christian Crusades: East and West

Medieval Universities

Oxford University

Late Medieval Town Dwellings

Medieval Trade

Medieval GuildsGuild Hall Commercial Monopoly: Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. Controlled prices

Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmiths Shop

Crest of a Coopers Guild