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BRT and BHLS Evolution
Worldwide
Dario Hidalgo, PhD
Director Transport Practice
EMBARQ Signature Initiative
WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities
Contents
Introduction
BRT and BHLS Evolution Worldwide
BRT and BHLS in Different Markets
Discussion
BRT
“flexible, rubber-tired
form of rapid transit
that combines stations,
vehicles, services,
running ways and
information
technologies into an
integrated system with
strong identity”
(Levinson et. al, 2003b)
Key BRT Components
Segregated
Busways
Stations with
prepayment and
level boarding
Large buses with
multiple doors
Distinctive Image
Centralized Control
Macrobús – Guadalajara
BHLS “is an urban transport system
integrating a bus, but within
new conditions providing an
increase in performance
thanks to a triple optimization
of:
The internal characteristics of
the technical and commercial
offer.
The integration of this offer
into the whole public
transport network.
The integration of this
network into the urban area”
(Finn et. al, 2011)
Cambridge, UK
Key BHLS Components (for better performance)
The Busway – Nantes
Running
ways
Stations
Vehicles
Intelligent Transportation
Systems (ITS), operation
management tools
Identity of the
BHLS scheme
BHLS COST
Bus priority systems in the world
# of cities and length (km) per country
2 km
320 km
80 km
1
13 8
5
33
3
1
6
3
19
2
8 1
20
2
2 2
1
10
1
1
2
1
1
1 19
3 1
1
3 1
1
3
3
1
195 cities = 402 corridors = 5,229 km
700 km
1
1 1
5
1
1
source: BRTData.org, September 2015
1
1
3
2
5
1
3
1
1
Bus priority systems in the world
# of cities and daily demand per country (M pax/day)
195 cities = 32,498,456 pax/day
8
5
33
1
6
3
19 2
8 1
2
2 1
10
1
1
2
1
1 19
3
12 M
pax/day
1
3
1
13
20
1
3
2.5 M
1.5 M
0.5 M
0.05 M
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
source: BRTData.org, September 2015
Oceania 2 countries
6 cities
8 corridors
0.43 M pax/day
96 km
Latin America and
the Caribbean 12 countries
63 cities
198 corridors
20,03 M pax/day
1,745 km
Africa 2 countries
3 cities
4 corridors
0.26 M pax/day
83 km
Asia 11 countries
40 cities
77 corridors
8.73 M pax/day
1,429 km
Europe 14 countries
56 cities
69 corridors
1.98 M pax/day
935 km
USA and Canada 2 countries
27 cities
46 corridors
1.04 M pax/day
942 km
Bus priority systems in the world
Daily demand per region adds up to 32 M pax/day
source: BRTData.org, September 2015
Before 1990 (21 cities)
1991 - 2000 (20 cities)
2001 - 2010 (104 cities)
625
605
2979
Since 2011 (50 cities)
1020
625
1230
4209
5229
Bus priority systems in the world
evolution # of cities and km per decade
Cum
ula
tive length
(km
)
source: BRTData.org, September 2015
Bus priority systems in the world
Planned / in
construction
(141 cities)
In expansion
(48 cities)
source: BRTData.org, September 2015
0
40
80
120
160
200
0
5
10
15
20
25
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Cu
mu
lative
Nu
mb
er
of C
itie
s
Ne
w C
itie
s
2010: Guanghou
2000: Bogotá
(TransMilenio)
Evolution of the number of cities per year
Bus priority systems in the world
1972/2010*: Lima
* Busway / BRT year commencement
1974/1991*: Curitiba
1968: Liège
source: BRTData.org, September 2015
Evolution of total length of systems
Bus priority systems in the world
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Cu
mu
lative
le
ng
th (
km
)
Co
nstr
ucte
d le
ng
th (
km
)
source: BRTData.org, August 2015
Contents
Introduction
BRT and BHLS Evolution Worldwide
BRT and BHLS in Different Markets
Discussion
Curitiba, RIT, 72 km median busways
1.2 million passengers per day
Initial Bus Corridor 1972
Full BRT in 1991
1. Making buses run like surface metro –
Curitiba 1982
median bus-ways longitudinally
segregated
tube stations with fare
prepayment and level access
physical and fare integration
dispatch control at terminal
stations.
differentiated services:
Expresso, Ligerao, Ligeirinho,
Interbairros, Alimentador
Special services downtown,
hospitals, touristic bus, schools
2010
Evolution of the Integrated Network
Source: Prefeitura de Curitiba, Parana
“Linha Verde” Curitiba
Corredor de 18 Km
2009
Fotos: Prefeitura de Curitiba, Parana
Capacity Expansion
“Corredor Boqueirao”
2010
Fo
to: P
refe
itu
ra d
e C
uritib
a, P
ara
na
2. Implementing buses of high level of service,
The Trans Val de Marne TVM – Paris 1993
Implementing buses of high level of service,
The Trans Val de Marne TVM – Paris 1993
Is the most used BHLS
1993 (13 km) and 2007
(7 km)
20 km bus lanes, 95%
dedicated, mostly
central segregated
29 stations (@ 700m)
39 articulated buses,
specially designed and
branded for the system
Implementing buses of high level of service,
The Trans Val de Marne TVM – Paris 1993
Information systems
23 km/h
17 km/h minimum peak
3.5 min headway (peak)
Interval plus 3 minutes
for 96% of the pax
66,000 trips/day,
growing 7% per year
Good integration with
pedestrians and rail
(4 RER and 1 subway) New vehicle Créalis for the BHLS routes
3. Expanding capacity with advanced operations
Bogotá, 2000
Very high capacity
48,000 pphpd
Bogotá, TransMilenio, 112 Km busways
2,4 million pax/day
Express Way Lanes
TransMilenio, Bogota
New Fleet of Bi-articulated Buses Euro V
Downtown Transit Mall (Eje Ambiental)
Photo
: G
. K
ash, Julio
2011
User Perception of the Travel Modes In Bogota
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Colectivo 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6
TransMilenio 4.6 4.1 4.1 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0
Bus/Ejecutivo 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.1
Buseta 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.8
Source: User perception survey “Bogotá
¿Cómo Vamos?” 2006 y 2009
4. Integrating transit services across
modes and services – Santiago 2007
Single process
(¿big bang?)
Fare integration
Route optimization
Formalization of
providers
Elimination of
“competition on the
street”
The planning and implementation team was too
optimistic – implementation had troubles
Lack of proper
infrastructure for the
trunk services
Stations without
prepaid area
Inadequate transfer
facilities
Lack of centralized
dispatch and control
Large subsidies
Despite the initial difficulties, Santiago has
risen to a higher level of performance
The current system is
better than the one it
replaced
Travel times have
reduced
Large decreases in
emissions
Substantial reductions
in fatalities and injuries
Still a lot to improve
Traffic Crashes in Santiago Source: CONACET
6366
4951
3406 3291 3047 2937
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
High commercial
speed
42 km/h
5. Introducing high speed buses on
expressways – Istanbul 2008
45 Km central bus ways on
expressway (100% segregated)
Long station platforms -90m,
separated 1.1 km on average
Non-grade queue jumpers to
access the Bosphorus Bridge,
(mixed traffic)
Low floor buses (articulated
and bi-articulated)
23,000 passengers/ hour/
direction, 15 sec interval
800,000 passengers/day
35,800 pax/day/km
6. Reducing transfers with direct services –
Guangzhou 2010
22.5 km corridor
Long stations –from
55m to 260m, with
overtaking lanes
Combines multiple
direct services on the
same infrastructure.
27,000 pphpd
350 buses phpd
800,000 passengers per
day
Contents
Introduction
BRT and BHLS Evolution Worldwide
BRT and BHLS in Different Markets
Discussion
237,000 Pax/día
497,000
Pax/día
552,000
Pax/día
814,000
Pax/día
1,114,000 Pax/día
2003 2005 2008 2009 2011
Optibus
Leon,
Guanajuatio
Length: 26 km
Fleet: 61
+Metobus
Insurgentes
Mexico DF
Length: 46 km
Fleet: 156
+ Metrobus
Insurgentes Sur
Length: 55 km
Fleet: 216
+Macrobus
Guadalajara
Length: 92 km
Fleet: 330
+Mexibus
Mexico State
Length: 128 km
Fleet: 472
1,164,000 Pax/día
2012
+ Metrbus
Line 4
Length: 156 km
Fleet: 526
BRT Chihuahua
BRT Mexicali
BRT Ecovía Monterrey
BRT Chimalhuacán
BRT Tampico
BRT Acapulco
BRT Lechería
BRT Tijuana
BRT Puebla
Metrobus Line 5
BRT Monterrey
BRT Villahermosa
BRT Cd. Azteca - Tecámac
BRT Toluca
Authorized
Under review
Tren Sub 1 Cuautitlán
BRT Oaxaca
BT Puebla 2
Tren LRT Guadalajara
BRT Pachuca
BRT Cd Juarez
BRT León
Under construction
BRT systems in Mexico
35 BRT systems: 5 new systems in operation
30 planning
31 Cities in Brazil with BRT and Bus Corridors
Belo Horizonte, Blumenau, Brasília,
Campinas, Campo Grande,
Caxias do Sul, Criciúma, Curitiba,
Diadema - Feira de Santana,
Fortaleza, Goiania, Jaboatão dos
Guararapes, Joinville, João Pessoa,
Juiz de Fora, Londrina, Maceió,
Mauá – Diadema, Natal, Niteroi,
Olinda, Porto Alegre, Recife,
Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Santos,
Sorocaba, Sumaré, São Paulo,
Uberlândia
Plans in Brazil PAC Big Cites, Copa 2014, BNDS, Olympics
Projects/Corridors 120
Cities 32
Km 527
Funding 15,165 million Real
7,734 million USD
Demand 8,115 million people per day
Required Buses 13,000 vehicles
Source: EMBARQ Brasil
Rio de Janeiro 100 km (out of 150 km planned for the Summer Olympics in 2016,
including TransBrasil for 56,000 passengers per hour per direction)
Status of BRT cities in India
New
Delhi
Operational (5)
Jaipur
Ahmedabad Rajkot
Pune
Expected to be operational in a year (4)
Bhopal Indore
Surat
Pimpri-Chinchwad Others under construction / DPR approved
(5)
Kolkata
Vishakhapatnam
Vijaywada
Naya Raipur
Hubli-Dharwad
DPR / DFR under preparation (5)
Guwahati Lucknow
Vadodara
Bangalore Chennai
Prof. H. M. Shivanand
Ahmedabad, Janmarg (People´s Way), BRT System
Photo: EMBARQ
15 cities with BRT/Bus Corridors in China, 2 opened in 2012
BRT in Hangzhou. Bus and mixed traffic congestion. Buses in and out the BRT corridor
ITDP China
Largest Station in Guanghzou: 8,500 passenger boardings in a single hour during the morning peak. Station
access is via a bridge with escalators, and a pedestrian crossing with refuge islands
ITDP China
BHLS in Europe
Country Cities with BHLS
England Cambridge, Crawley, Dartford, Leeds
France Lille, Lorient, Lyon, Nantes, Paris, Rennes, Rouen, Toulouse
Germany Essen, Hamburg, Oberhausen
Ireland Dublin
Italy Brescia*, Pisa, Prato
Netherlands Alkmaar, Almere, Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Twente, Utrecht
Spain Barcelona*, Castellón, Madrid
Sweden Gothenburg, Jönköping, Lund, Stockholm
Brendan Finn ETTS Ltd., Ireland
Regionbuss på Lundalänken
http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/trivector/images/regionbuss-paa-
lundalaenken-308363
http://www.uitp.org/sites/default/files/cck-focus-papers-
files/BHLS_COST_final_report_October2011.pdf
BHLS role in Europe
European Context is different:
Mass transit is often already well provided by metro and tram
Bus is rarely assigned the ‘mass transit’ role
Constraints of space, roadwidth and alignment in city centres
European cities have a different focus:
Restore reliability and operational effectiveness to bus
Enhance image of bus, reposition the product
High focus on quality of vehicles and stopping places
In France, focus on “urbanism” – improve host environment
Strategic motivations for BHLS
Mostly to upgrade quality and ridership of existing bus lines
Sometimes alternative to tram/LRT, especially if finances tight
Brendan Finn ETTS Ltd., Ireland
Contents
Introduction
BRT and BHLS Evolution Worldwide
BRT and BHLS in Different Markets
Discussion
BRT/BHLS Current Status:
195 cities worldwide; concentration in Latin
America, high growth in Asia and the Pacific
Innovation continues: adapted to local conditions
and needs; new technologies (vehicles and ITS)
High performance, low cost, rapid implementation
Trend: from corridors to citywide integrated systems
Some issues outstanding: reliability, occupancy
Discussion
Perceived as “low quality”; poor systems for poor
cities – planners, decision makers, public
Not an industry – disaggregated provision of
components
Implementation barriers:
Reducing the space for cars
Lack of knowledge/familiarity by decision makers and
transport planners
Environmental considerations – buses bring air pollution
and GHGs
User fares and self-sustainability
¡Muchas Gracias!
Volvo Research and Educational
Foundations