Causes of the Civil WarCauses of the Civil WarSusan O’NeillSusan O’Neill

This photo shows the hanging of John Brown for treason, This photo shows the hanging of John Brown for treason, attacking a government arsenal and leading a rebellion attacking a government arsenal and leading a rebellion against the government.against the government.

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise Henry Henry ClayClay, the Great compromiser, the Great compromiser Missouri admitted as a slave stateMissouri admitted as a slave state Maine admitted as a free stateMaine admitted as a free state US divided at the 36°30' parallel lineUS divided at the 36°30' parallel line

• States north would be freeStates north would be free• State south would be slaveState south would be slave                                                                                                               

EFFECT—in the Senate free state votes and slave state votes were balanced

Nat Nat Turner’s Turner’s RebellionRebellion

On August 13, there was an atmospheric disturbance in which the sun appeared On August 13, there was an atmospheric disturbance in which the sun appeared bluish-green. This was the final sign, and a week later, on August 21, Turner and bluish-green. This was the final sign, and a week later, on August 21, Turner and six of his men met in the woods to eat a dinner and make their plans. At 2:00 six of his men met in the woods to eat a dinner and make their plans. At 2:00 that morning, they set out to the Travis household, where they killed the entire that morning, they set out to the Travis household, where they killed the entire family as they lay sleeping. They continued on, from house to house, killing all family as they lay sleeping. They continued on, from house to house, killing all of the white people they encountered. of the white people they encountered.

Turner's force eventually consisted of more than 40 slaves, most on horseback. …In Turner's force eventually consisted of more than 40 slaves, most on horseback. …In the end, the rebels had stabbed, shot and clubbed at least 55 white people to the end, the rebels had stabbed, shot and clubbed at least 55 white people to death.death.

Nat Turner hid in several different places near the Travis farm, but on October 30 was discovered and captured. His "Confession," dictated to physician Thomas R. Gray, was taken while he was imprisoned in the County Jail. On November 5, Nat Turner was tried in the Southampton County Court and sentenced to execution. He was hanged on November 11.

EFFECT—•Stronger slave codes•Fear among plantation owenrs

The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850NORTHNORTH California is a free stateCalifornia is a free state Slave trade banned in Washington, DCSlave trade banned in Washington, DCSOUTHSOUTH Stronger fugitive slave lawsStronger fugitive slave laws

• Sent slave catchers to get slavesSent slave catchers to get slaves• Anyone who hides slaves—jail or finesAnyone who hides slaves—jail or fines

New Mexico & Utah Territories-decide for New Mexico & Utah Territories-decide for themselvesthemselves• Popular sovereignty—people choose (slave or free)Popular sovereignty—people choose (slave or free)

EFFECT- the senate was no longer balanced in votes between slave and free states

Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabinby Harriet Beecher Stoweby Harriet Beecher Stowe

Uncle Tom's Cabin:or

Life Among the Lowly•A novel•Life under 3 owners

•2 kind•1 cruel

•Wildly popular in North•Forbidden in the South

EFFECT—Abraham Lincoln remarked,“So you are the little lady that caused this big war/”

States before theStates before theKansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act

The Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854The Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act The Kansas-Nebraska Act-The Kansas-Nebraska Act-

allowed Kansas & Nebraska allowed Kansas & Nebraska to decide whether they to decide whether they wanted slaverywanted slavery

Brought an end to the Brought an end to the Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

Became a political issue Became a political issue open for debate and led to open for debate and led to formation of the Republican formation of the Republican party.party.

                 

EFFECT•Replaced the Compromise of 1850•Caused “bleeding Kansas”

““Bleeding Kansas”Bleeding Kansas” Nebraska was so far north that its Nebraska was so far north that its

future as a free state was never in future as a free state was never in question. But Kansas was next to the question. But Kansas was next to the slave state of Missouri. In an era that slave state of Missouri. In an era that would come to be known as "Bleeding would come to be known as "Bleeding Kansas," the territory would become a Kansas," the territory would become a battleground over the slavery question. battleground over the slavery question.

The reaction from the North was The reaction from the North was immediate. 1,200 New England immediate. 1,200 New England abolitionists had made the journey to abolitionists had made the journey to the new territory, armed to fight for the new territory, armed to fight for freedom. freedom.

Rumors had spread through the South Rumors had spread through the South that 20,000 Northerners were that 20,000 Northerners were descending on Kansas, and in descending on Kansas, and in November 1854, thousands of armed November 1854, thousands of armed Southerners, mostly from Missouri, Southerners, mostly from Missouri, poured over the line to vote for a poured over the line to vote for a proslavery congressional delegate. proslavery congressional delegate.

Violence soon erupted, with the anti-slavery forces led by John Brown. The territory earned the nickname "bleeding Kansas" as the death toll rose.

Dred Scott Decision 1857Dred Scott Decision 1857

The case before the court was The case before the court was that of that of Dred Scott v. SanfordDred Scott v. Sanford..

Dred Scott, a slave who had lived Dred Scott, a slave who had lived in the free state of Illinois and the in the free state of Illinois and the free territory of Wisconsin free territory of Wisconsin

When his master died, he was When his master died, he was sent back to the slave state of sent back to the slave state of Missouri.Missouri.

He appealed to the Supreme Court He appealed to the Supreme Court in hopes of being granted his in hopes of being granted his freedom.freedom.

Because Scott was black, he was Because Scott was black, he was not a citizen and therefore had no not a citizen and therefore had no right to sue. right to sue.

EFFECTIn March of 1857, the United States Supreme Court, declared that all blacks -- slaves as well as free -- were not and could never become citizens of the United States.

Lincoln-Douglas DebatesLincoln-Douglas DebatesThe Lincoln-Douglas debates were a series of formal political debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas in a campaign for one of Illinois' two United States Senate seats. Although Lincoln lost the election, these debates launched him into national prominence which eventually led to his election as President of the United States.

"Harpers Ferry" "Harpers Ferry" Arsenal 1859Arsenal 1859

After “Bleeding Kansas” After “Bleeding Kansas” John John BrownBrown returned to the east and returned to the east and began to think more seriously began to think more seriously about his plan for a war in Virginia about his plan for a war in Virginia against slavery. He sought money against slavery. He sought money to fund an "army" he would lead. to fund an "army" he would lead. On October 16, 1859, he and 21 On October 16, 1859, he and 21 other men -- 5 blacks and 16 other men -- 5 blacks and 16 whites -- raided the federal whites -- raided the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry.arsenal at Harpers Ferry.

The first report of the raid at Harpers Ferry announced that 250 white abolitionists and a "gang of negroes," all of whom

were armed, had control of the Virginia town -- a far cry from the 22 men who

actually took part in the raid.

Brown Brown was wounded and quickly was wounded and quickly captured, and moved to captured, and moved to Charlestown, Virginia, where he Charlestown, Virginia, where he was tried and convicted of was tried and convicted of treason.treason.

"No man in America has ever "No man in America has ever stood up so persistently and stood up so persistently and effectively for the dignity of effectively for the dignity of human nature. . . ."human nature. . . ."

John Brown was hanged on John Brown was hanged on December 2, 1859.December 2, 1859.

EFFECTEFFECTJohn Brown became more John Brown became more powerful in death than in powerful in death than in real life.real life.

Presidential Election of 1860Presidential Election of 1860

Lincoln Elected PresidentLincoln Elected President Fueled by the ever-Fueled by the ever-

growing conflict over growing conflict over the issue of slavery, the issue of slavery, the North and the the North and the South during the South during the 1850s were on a 1850s were on a collision course. In collision course. In response to the 1860 response to the 1860 election of an election of an antislavery, antislavery, Republican president, Republican president, Abraham Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln, eleven southern eleven southern states seceded from states seceded from the Union. the Union.

On April 12, 1861 Confederate forces On April 12, 1861 Confederate forces opened fire on Fort Sumter, SC. The war opened fire on Fort Sumter, SC. The war between the States had begun.between the States had begun.

The Civil War BeganThe Civil War Began

South vs. South vs. NorthNorth

Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of Americavv

United States of AmericaUnited States of America

CSA v CSA v USAUSA