ch. 6 test review

Ch. 6 Test Review

The Spirit of Independence

Rebellion & Revolution (Unit 3)

John Adams

He was a Harvard lawyer who defended the British soldiers after the Boston Massacre. He

served as a delegate to both Continental Congresses and was on the committee to write the

Declaration of Independence.

Wentworth Cheswell

A beloved and respected patriot from Massachusetts. He was elected town messenger for the

regional Committee of Safety, one of the many groups established in Colonial America to

monitor events pertaining to public welfare. He delivered messages for the Committee as a

rider in the New England colonies. As soldier, he served in the Battles of Saratoga

Samuel Adams

In 1765 he was elected to the Massachusetts Assembly. He was a member of the First

Continental Congress and an outspoken patriot who was well known for his oratory skills and

as a passionate advocate of independence from Britain. Adams was a member of the Sons of

Liberty and secretly helped organize the Boston Tea Party. Cousin to John Adams, he helped

organize the committees of correspondence to help bring unity to the colonies.

Mercy Otis Warren

An American patriot. She was a writer who authored plays, poems and essays supporting the

idea of independence. Her writings convinced many in Massachusetts to become Patriots.

Sister to James Otis and wife of patriot James Warren, co-founder of the Boston committee of

correspondence, Mercy was a very outspoken woman for her time. She was also a close

friend of Abigail Adams. Her writings have helped historians in the study of the American

Revolution and she is often considered the first historian of the American Revolution

Benjamin Franklin

An inventor, writer, printer, diplomat, scientist, humorist, and statesman. He was born in

Boston in 1706. In 1733 he started publishing Poor Richard’s Almanack. What distinguished

Franklin’s almanac were his witty sayings and lively writing. During the French and Indian

War, Franklin advocated colonial unity with his Albany Plan which encouraged the colonists

to “Join or Die.” He was a delegate to the both Continental Congresses and a member of the

committee to write the Declaration of Independence.

Crispus Attucks

In 1770, Crispus Attucks, an African American former slave was the first of five unarmed

American civilians to be shot and killed by British soldiers in a riot known as the Boston

Massacre. Attucks was credited as the leader and instigator of the heroic upheaval against the

British army.

Biographical Glossary

King George III

King of England from 1760-1810. During his reign, there were many conflicts

involving his kingdom. After the French and Indian War, the British Parliament

with the King’s approval angered the American colonists by taxing them to pay

for military protection. In 1776 the American colonists declared their

independence and listed their grievances against the king.

George Washington

He was a Virginia planter and a delegate to the House of Burgesses.

Washington fought during the French and Indian War and was a delegate to the

Continental Congress. He was chosen Commander of the Continental Army

during the American Revolution .

Patrick Henry

A symbol of America’s struggle for liberty and self-government, he was a

lawyer, patriot, orator, and willing participant in virtually every aspect of the

founding of America. He served as the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of

Virginia from 1776 to 1779. He was a member of the Virginia House of

Burgesses. During the American Revolution, he famously said “Give me

liberty or give me death.” He was a delegate to the First Continental Congress

from Virginia.

Thomas Jefferson

As a Virginia planter, he was also a delegate to the House of Burgesses and to

the First and Second Continental Congress. He was selected to draft the

Declaration of Independence and is thus considered the author of the

Declaration of Independence.

Thomas Paine He authored the pamphlet Common Sense which encouraged the colonies to

break with England and become independent.

Document Glossary

Stamp Act

Passed so that the American colonists should bear a heavier tax load, to raise revenue due

to the debt from the F & I War. The act required Americans to buy special watermarked

paper for newspapers and all legal documents. To many colonists, the Stamp Act

represented all of the problems between England and the colonies, especially “Taxation

without Representation.” It affected every one of the thirteen colonies equally, and every

rank in society.

Intolerable Acts

The name given to a series of acts passed in response to the Boston Tea Party. The

British called their responsive measures the Coercive Acts. Boston Harbor was closed to

trade until the owners of the tea were compensated. Town meetings were banned, and the

authority of the royal governor was increased. All of these were eventually addressed in

the U.S. Constitution in some form. General Gage, the British commander of North

American forces, was appointed governor of Massachusetts. British troops and officials

would now be tried outside Massachusetts for their crimes. Greater freedom was granted

to British officers who wished to house their soldiers in private dwellings.

Declaration of

Independence

The Declaration of Independence is a document adopted by the Second Continental

Congress on July 4, 1776. It established the 13 colonies as independent states, free from

rule by Great Britain. The committee appointed to write the Declaration of Independence

included Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, and

Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson wrote the most of it. The Preamble stated it was necessary to

list the reasons why the colonies sought their own government. In three sections,

Jefferson outlined the reasons: people have the right to control their own government; the

British government and King used their power unjustly to control the colonies; and the

colonies had tried to avoid separating from Britain, but Britain refused to cooperate.

Common Sense

Published in 1776, Common Sense challenged the authority of the British government and

the royal monarchy. The plain language that Thomas Paine used spoke to the common

people of America and was the first work to openly ask for independence from Great

Britain. The widespread success of Common Sense in the colonies lead to a greater

acceptance of the idea of the need for a complete break from England among the

American colonists.

House of Burgesses 1619 The First Representative Body in the colonies; Virginia

Mayflower Compact 1620 first system of self-government in America.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639 the first constitution in the American colonies; extended voting rights to non-church members and limited the powers of the governor, expanded ideas of representative government

Magna Carta 1215 granted rights to noblemen and freemen. Limited power of the king

English Bill of Rights 1689 supported a limited monarchy, gov’t based of laws made by parliament provided a system of shared power; rights given to ALL Englishmen

Jamestown -1st perm. English settlement

Mayflower Compact – 1st system of self-

gov’t

New England

Southern

Colonies

Middle

Colonies

GA SC

NC

VA MD DE

NJ PA

NY CT RI

NH MA

Long winters, rocky soil, timber, fishing, shipbuilding, whaling

subsistence farming,

good soil,

warm climate

Hot climate, fertile soil, cash crops, plantation system

Appalachian Mtns

Declaration of Independence – Freedom

from English Rule

exington & Concord ec. of Ind.

Founding

Documents Revolution Events

Sugar

1764 Stamp

1765 Townshend

1767

Tea 1773

Declaratory 1766

13. These acts following the French &

Indian War ticked off the Colonies and

eventually led to the Revolution!

Quartering Act 1765

Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

Intolerable (Coercive) 1774

14. King George III of England: He offended the

colonies with his taxes and abuses of our rights as

Englishmen.

King George III – Statue being pulled down

King George III


Civil Disobedience – non-violent resistance to a government

15. The organized the Boston Tea

Party to protest the Tea Act. In response, England

passed the Intolerable Acts as punishment.

Sons of Liberty


16. Important American Revolution minorities:

Wentworth Cheswell – 1st African American elected to public office and assisted

Paul Revere in alerting the colonists of British troop movements

Crispus Attucks – African American killed at the Boston massacre who was the 1st

colonist to die for American independence

Mercy Otis Warren – woman who wrote plays such as The Group and The

Blockheads which were critical of the British government’s actions


Committee that

drafted the Declaration

John Adams

Robert Livingston John Adams

Benjamin

Franklin

Thomas Jefferson

Roger Sherman

18. Sam Adams, a member of the Sons of Liberty and

leader of the Boston Tea Party, stirred public support

for American independence.

Die, you defenseless American

rebels! We massacre you for no

reason! (according to Paul Revere)

“If ye love wealth better

than liberty...

Crouch down and lick the

hands which feed you.”

Sons of Liberty


19. The first battle of the American Revolution

was at Lexington and Concord in April 1775. Lexington and Concord

That’s good

stuff!

Hey Ralph! I bet they hear

this shot ‘round the world!


20. Common Sense - a pamphlet by Thomas

Paine that convinced many colonists to support

independence from Great Britain.

Common Sense

It is “Paine-ful” to not

use Common Sense.

Get it?

Ha ha!


Washington read Thomas Paine’s “The Crisis” to his men to inspire them to

continue fighting in the face of defeat.

“Give me

liberty or give

me death!”

21. The fiery orator, patriot Patrick Henry

called for American independence

Patrick Henry


22. George Washington was the leader of the

Continental Army who later became the first

President of the United States .

George Washington


23. A patriot is

someone who

supported

American

independence

during the

Revolution.

patriot


24. A loyalist is

someone who

supported

maintaining

British rule

over the

colonies

during the

Revolution.

I sure do

like

England,

Dad.

Why don’t

you hold the

end of this

electrified

string, you

dirty loyalist!

loyalist


25. The Declaration of Independence - a list of

grievances against King George III - was written by

Thomas Jefferson-July 4, 1776 in Philadelphia. It

declared the colonies independent from England.

Declaration of Independence
