challenges in meteorology and climatology at a high alpine [email protected]...

Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

Challenges in meteorology and climatology at a high alpine site

M. Collaud Coen, L. Vuilleumier, D. Ruffieux and B. Calpini


photo: MeteoSwiss archive

Meteorological observations since 1930’s


Automated measurements since 1980 photo: MeteoSwiss archive

4 Meteoswiss activities at Jungfraujoch [email protected] Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

MeteoSwiss instrumentation

SACRAM (radiation, SW: CM21, LW: CG4)

Wind (Rosemount)

Temperature + relative humidity (Thygan)

Synop (observation)

Pressure (Vaissala PT220) + logger

Temperature + relative humidity (Rotronic)

GAW aerosol

SMN station since October 2007 Values every 10’ (note: no precipitation)


Challenging conditions

harsh winds, low temperatures, frost permanently manned station


Strength in combining information (1)

ABO

ARH

AMS

AND ANT

ARO

RAG

BAN

BEH

BER

BEZ

BIE

BLA

BOL

BRL

BUS

BUF

CEV

CHZ

CMA

COV

COM

CHU

CDF CHM

DEM

DIS

GVE

GSB

EVO

EBK

ENG

ELM

EGO

GRA

FRE GIH

GEN

GST

GRO

GRH

GRE

GOE

GRC

HOE

HLL

LEI

LAG

INT

DIA

ATT

LUZ

LUG

LOE

MUB

MVE

MAH

MAB

MSK

MOA

MOE

MER

MTR

NEU

NAS PIL

PUY PMA

REH

SIA SBE SAM

SAE

STG

SIO

SCU

SPF

STC

SMP

UEB

TIT

SMM

VIS

VAB

VAD

ZER

WYN WAE

HAI

TSG

KLO

ORO

CHD

EIN

FAH

GLA

KOP

RUE

ULR

GUT

SMA

ALT

MAG

TAE

DAV

NAP

OTL

CIM

GUE

ROB

SHA

SBO

WFJ

CGI

BAS

PLF

AIG

CHA

DOL

MLS PIO

ROE

Automated Swiss Meteorological Network stations 0 50 100 25 Kilometer

VECTOR200©swisstopo (DV053906)

PAY

JUN

GRUAN & BSRN station

GAW global station

N aerosol clouds radiation

490m

3580m


Low

M

oder

ate

Hig

h Ve

ry h

igh

Ext

rem

e

Serving society

• UV index measured by MeteoSwiss at different altitudes

Maximal UV index climatology

• Information to public


Alti

tude

[m]

Distance [m]

Payerne

Jungfraujoch

Lidar: scattering ratio (aerosol), T, RH Microwave radiometer: T, (RH) Windprofiler: wind speed and direction Ceilometer: backscatter ratio (aerosol)

Strength in combining information (2)

CLACE 2010 REM @ Kleine Scheidegg (2061 m)


Comparison of wind direction

For some meteorological data at Jungfraujoch caution necessary

C. Ketterer, Bound. Layer Meteorol., 2014


CLACE 2010: PBL for convective days

0000 0600 1200 1800 2400

Ceilometer backscattering

ratio

Windprofiler signal to noise

ratio

Stull, 1988


CLACE 2010: comparison REM - in situ

Remote sensing @ Kleine Scheidegg:

-Wind direction and strength: black arrows

-PBL height from ceilometer: colored dots

In-situ measurement@ JFJ:

-upper pannel: absorption coefficient

-lower pannel: scattering coefficient


Jungfraujoch

Alti

tude

[m]

Distance [m]

Payerne

1500 m @ PAY

1000 m @ KS

measured @ JFJ

PBL for convective day in summer vs altitude


Climatology of Saharan dust events at JFJ

M. Collaud Coen, ACP 2004


Measurement for climatic purpose

C. Appenzeller, 2008


Long term climatological record @JFJ (1)

• temperature increase since 1933: ~1.4°C (+0.17°C/10y)

• days with positive temperatures all day (24h): 60% increase since 1961

Reference period 1961-1990

1°C

Temperature higher than reference period average

Temperature smaller than reference period average


Long term climatological record (2)

-0.35

0.42

0.63

0.11


Winter

Spring

Summer

Autumn

-12

-64

-6%

-16

Icing days (Tmax< 0°C) Frost days (Tmin< 0°C)

Climate indicators @ JFJ

[%/10y]

[%/10y]


Winter

Spring

Summer

Autumn

Sunny days (rel. Sunshine duration>80%)

Cloudy days (rel. Sunshine duration<20%)

+29 -28

+27

-3.3

-0.2

-12

+7

+2.5

[%/10y] [%/10y]


Pina

tubo

JFJ

Ruckstuhl, C., JGR, 2008

Long-term AOD time series in Europe (1995-2005)



Pina

tubo

Stro

ng d

ecre

ase -63%

-60%

86-05

95-05

-27%

-21%

-26%

-15%

-12%

-10%

Non

-sig

nific

ant

C. Ruckstuhl, JGR, 2008



S. Nyeki, JGR, 2012

- Longer data set (15 years) - Different statistical method

JFJ 15y trend: - PBL influence - stratospheric AOD

Mean: 0.026

Mean: 0.068

Mean: 0.104

+27%/10y

-11%/10y

-10%/10y


Trend analysis of scattering coefficients at GAW and IMPROVE stations (2000-2010)

not statistically significant (s.s.) s. s. negative trends s. s. positive trends

M. Collaud Coen, ACP, 2013 A. Asmi, ACP, 2013

Jungfraujoch Hohenpeissenberg


MeteoSwiss @ JFJ

• operates a SMN and SACRAM station

• supports GAW monitoring programs

• applies GCOS rules to ensure long-term datasets

• favors research activities by the GAW+

• continuously improves measurement techniques

regarding harsh weather conditions

• improves the accuracy of climatic relevant

measurements


Many thanks to: The whole MeteoSwiss teams working at JFJ: J.-M. Aellen, E. Brocard, S. Brönnimann, G. Durieux, B. Equey, C. Félix, J. Grandjean, B. Henchoz, J. Jaffrain, L. Modolo, L. Moulet, Y.-A. Roulet, C. Thévoz, A. Vessaz, S. Vincent. The JFJ custodians: M. and J. Fischer, U. and M. Otz

Questions?

challenges in meteorology and climatology at a high alpine [email protected]...

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