HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN

ORGANIZATION

AY 2016-2017 (2ND TRIMESTER)

PROF. NAJIBULLAH A. UMPA, RN, MBA, DBM (ON-GOING)

INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOR

CONFLICT IN ORGANIZATIONS

• Conflict- is an interpersonal process that arises from disagreements over the goals to attain or the methods to be used to accomplish those goals.

LEVELS OF CONFLICT

1. Intrapersonal Conflict – occurs within an individual. The experience takes place in the person's mind. Hence, it is a type of conflict that is psychological involving the individual's thoughts, values, principles and emotions.

LEVELS OF CONFLICT

2. Interpersonal Conflict – occurs when a person or group of people frustrates or interferes with another person's efforts at achieving a goal. According to some researchers, conflict can consist of three different components.

LEVELS OF CONFLICT

3. Group Conflict – hostilities between different groups, is a feature common to all forms of social organization. It can be separated into two sub-categories of conflict: inter-group conflict (in which distinct groups of individuals are at odds with one another), and intra-group conflict (in which select individuals that are part of the same group clash with one another).

SOURCES OF CONFLICTOrganizational changeDifferent sets of valuesContrasting perceptionsLack of trustPersonality clashesWorkplace incivility- occurs when employees

fail to exhibit concern and regard for others or –worse yet—disrespect each other on the job.

A MODEL OF CONFLICT

Four Possible Conflict Outcomes: Four Possible Participant Intentions

RESOLUTION STRATEGIES

1. Avoiding- physical or mental withdrawal from the conflict

2. Smoothing- accommodating the other party’s interests

3. Forcing-using power tactics to achieve a win

RESOLUTION STRATEGIES

4. Compromising- searching for middle ground or being willing to give up something in exchange for gaining something else

5.Confronting/problem-solving- facing the conflict directly and working it through to a mutually satisfactory resolution

ASSERTIVE BEHAVIOR

• Assertiveness- is the process of expressing feelings, asking for legitimate changes and giving and receiving honest feedback.

STAGES IN ASSERTIVE BEHAVIOR

FORMAL & INFORMALGROUPS

FORMAL & INFORMAL GROUPS• In an organization, formation of groups is very natural,

whether it is created by the management or by the members of the organizations themselves. The most common reason behind the creation of a group is the urge of people to talk and make their own circle, where they can interact freely, know each other, work united and accomplish the tasks which are being assigned to them. Groups are majorly divided into two categories. First one is the formal group, which are formed by the organization, to fulfill a task. The other one is an informal group, formed by the employees as per their likes, interests, and attitudes.

FORMAL GROUP

• A formal group is a collection of persons, who came together for achieving a specified goal. They are always created with intent to fulfill some official requirement. Formation of the group is done by the management. It possesses a systematic structure, in hierarchical form.

• In general, the employees of the organization are divided into groups and a task is hand over to each group. In this way, the task of the group is accomplished along with the fulfillment of organizational goals.

TYPES OF FORMAL GROUP

• Command groups: The groups that consist of managers and their subordinates.

• Committees: The group of people who are appointed by an organization, to resolve the matters, referred to them are known as Committee. For example Advisory Committee, Standing Committee, etc.

• Task Forces: The group form to carry out a particular task is known as Task Forces.

INFORMAL GROUP

• The groups that are created naturally, within the organization, due to social and psychological forces are known as Informal groups. Under this group, the employees of the organization, themselves enter into groups, without the approval of the management to satisfy their social needs on the job.

INFORMAL GROUP

Nobody wants to live in isolation; people generally create a circle around themselves so that they can interact and share their feelings, opinions, experiences, information, etc. These circles are known as informal groups at the workplace. These groups are formed on the basis of common likes, dislikes, prejudices, contacts, language, interests, attitudes of the members. It includes interest group and friendship group. The communication is faster in such groups, as they follow grapevine chain.