china: 1945 - 1991 china - what you don’t need to know, but do need to know… -1894 - 1895 -china...

CHINA: 1945 - 1991CHINA: 1945 - 1991

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

CHINA - what you don’t need to know, but do need to know…

-1894 - 1895 -China loses Sino-Japanese War

-1900 -Europeans agree to partition Europe-U.S.A. declares Open Door Policy

-Boxer Rebellion anti-foreigner, nationalist movement

-1911 Sun Yat-Sen establishes Republic of China

and the Kuomintang (little control)

-1925 Chiang Kai-shek leader of Kuomintang

(social democrats that, at first, accept communists including Mao Zedong)

-1934-35 Long March

-mid 1930’s Three groups fight for control of China

The Long March

Chiang Kai-shekChiang Kai-shek

And in this corner… Chiang Kai-Shek and the Koumintang

Mao ZedongMao Zedong

And in this corner… Mao and the People’s Liberation Army



And in this corner… The Japanese Imperialist Aggressors

Summer 1945…Goodbye Japan, Mao says ’thanks Peasants!’

Why not industrial workers,As Marx suggests will be the base of any communist revolution?

97% 97% 97% 97% 97%

1947 - 49Civil War

1949…Chiang flees to Taiwan, Nationalist China

‘Take your stinkingChina Lobby with you!’



Oct. 1, 1949, People's Republic of China established.

"The Chinese people have stood up!" declared Mao as he announced the creation of a "people's democratic dictatorship."

A contemporary political cartoon. Q. Did it apply in 1949?

Mao’s China: 1949 - 1976

The atom bomb is a paper tiger which the United States reactionaries use to scare people. It looks terrible, but in fact it isn't.

-Mao Tse-Tung

Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun. -Mao Tse-Tung



Now that I’m in charge:Now that I’m in charge:

• Democratic Centralism - redistribute land, consolidate power

• The First Plan - ‘I said first, not five!’- ‘Yankees in Korea too!

I need some cash, but from where?’

- 1 000 000 Chinese troops fight in Korea

• Democratic Centralism - redistribute land, consolidate power

• The First Plan - ‘I said first, not five!’- ‘Yankees in Korea too!

I need some cash, but from where?’

- 1 000 000 Chinese troops fight in Korea



1949 Wait, don’t tell me, I know I’ve seen this guy before…

1956 - 57 100 Flowers Campaign

"Let a hundred flowers bloom, let the hundred schools of thought contend.” -Chinese Poem

‘The only way to settle questions of an ideological nature or controversial issues among the people is by the democratic method, the method of discussion, of criticism, of persuasion and education, and not by the method of coercion or repression.’

-Mao

Can you name this flower? 550 000 ‘rightest’ flies killed, tortured,Imprisoned or silenced. So much for dissent.

The Great Leap Forward: 1958‘The U.S.S.R’s five year plans are no good.’Instead we will:

I) Increase industrial and Scientific outputII) muscle power and ingenuity e.g. irrigation canals, backyard pig-iron furnacesIII) Small communal factories

28 000 hstang (communes run by local governments)INDUSTRIAL PRODCTION INCREASES, FAMINE REMAINS

,

1966 - 69 (76) The Cultural Revolution

"…after the chaos the world reaches peace, but in 7 or 8 years, the chaos needs to happen again.” -Mao

Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai being greeted by adoring supporters brandishing their copies of the little red book (or 'Mao Zedong on People's War')

1966 - 69 (76) The Cultural Revolution

A struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into wide-scale social, political, and economic chaos, which grew to include large sections of Chinese society and eventually brought the entire country to the brink of civil war.

It was launched by Mao Zedong, the Chairman of the Communist Party of China, on May 16, 1966, officially as a campaign to rid China of its "liberal bourgeoisie" elements and to continue revolutionary class struggle. It is widely recognized, however, as a method to regain control of the party after the disastrous Great Leap Forward led to a significant loss of Mao's power to rivals Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, and would eventually manifest into waves of power struggles between rival factions both nationally and locally.

1966 - 69 (76) The Cultural Revolution-‘A Return to Pure Communism’

Targets:-Revisionist-Specialists-Teachers and Professors

SummaryQ. Who gets dismissed?Q. Who ends up ‘going down’?Q. What becomes ‘redder’?

China and the World

1949 - 1959 ‘Down with U.S.A., Hello Soviets!’

1950

1962

(P. 182)

Late 50’s to 1969

Sino-Soviet Split“Not enough help in Korea, we are not just another

Satellite, South-East Asia is our turf, long live Albania,you are weak (Cuba) counter-revolutionary Khruschev, and we have our own A-bomb no thanks to you!, Sino-Soviet border issues.”

Chinese A-bomb 1964

Recognition and ‘Normalization’

‘Ping Pong anyone?’

1971 Taiwan ‘official’ from 1949 - 1970’s bit:

1971 China (CCP) gets seat on Security Council1972 Nixon visits China and trade relations begin

* Rural purges, 1946-49: 2-5M deaths * Urban purges, 1950-57: 1M * Great Leap Forward: 20-43M * Cultural Revolution: 2-7M * Labor Camps: 20M * Tibet: 0.6-1.2M * TOTAL: 44.5 to 72M

Mao portrait overlooks Tiananmen Square in Beijing

MUCH ABOUT HISTORY

Mao more lethal than Hitler, Stalin Expert says Chinese leader's policiesled to death of 77 million countrymen

By Jon Dougherty© 2008 WorldNetDaily.com

A noted expert in calculating the number of deaths caused by authoritarian regimes says the late Chinese communist leader Mao Tse-tung's policies and actions led to the deaths of nearly 77 million of his countrymen, surpassing those killed by Nazi Party founder Adolf Hitler and Soviet Premier Josef Stalin.

R. J. Rummel, professor emeritus of political science and a Nobel Peace Prize finalist who has published dozens of books chronicling so-called "democide," or death by government, said the new Chinese figure – nearly double his previous estimate of about 38 million – was based on what he believes was Mao's duplicity in China's great famine of 1958 to 1961.

"From the time I wrote my book 'China's Bloody Century,' I have held to these democide totals for Mao: Civil War-Sino-Japanese War 1923-1949 = 3,466,000 murdered; and Rule over China (People's Republic of China) 1949-1987 = 35,236,000 murdered," Rummel wrote in an e-mail to WND.

He said he didn't previously add in the famine totals because he was not convinced those deaths were caused by Mao purposely. Instead, he said he believed:

* The famine was due to the "Great Leap Forward," when Mao tried to catch up with the West in producing iron and steel;

* The factorization of agriculture, forcing virtually all peasants to give up their land, livestock, tools and homes to live in regimented communes;

* The exuberant over-reporting of agricultural production by commune and district managers for fear of the consequences of not meeting their quotas;

* The consequent belief of high communist officials that excess food was being produced and could be exported without starving the peasants (though "reports from traveling high officials indicated that peasants might be starving in certain localities");

* An investigative team was sent out from Beijing and reported back that there was mass starvation, after which the government then "stopped exporting food and began to import what was needed to stop the famine."

"Thus, I believed that Mao's policies were responsible for the famine, but he was misled about it, and finally when he found out, he stopped it and changed his policies," Rummel said. "Therefore, I argued, this was not a democide."

But after further review of available data, he said he agreed with other researchers who had counted the famine figures as part of the regime's mass murder figures.

"They were right and I was wrong," he said.

Rummel said he was influenced to revise his figures upward after reading a pair of books, "Wild Swans: Two Daughters of China," by Jung Chang; and "Mao: the Unknown Story," which Jung wrote with her husband, Jon Halliday."From the biography of Mao, which I trust … I can now say that yes, Mao's policies caused the famine. He knew about it from the beginning," Rummel said, adding Mao even "tried to take more food from the people to pay for his lust for international power, but was overruled by a meeting of 7,000 top Communist Party members."

"So, the famine was intentional. What was its human cost? I had estimated that 27 million Chinese starved to death or died from associated diseases. Others estimated the toll to be as high as 40 million. Chang and Halliday put it at 38 million and, given their sources, I will accept that," said Rummel. "I'm now convinced that Stalin exceeded Hitler in monstrous evil, and Mao beat out Stalin."

Mao's butchery "exceeds the 61,911,000 murdered by the Soviet Union 1917-1987, with Hitler far behind at 20,946,000 wiped out (from) 1933-1945," he said.

The Chinese communist leader's toll is higher than the 34.1 million combat deaths in "all wars between 1900 and 1987," including World Wars I and II, Vietnam, Korea, and the Mexican and Russian Revolutions.

"Mao alone murdered over twice as many as were killed in combat in all these wars," he said.

In all, Rummel estimates about 174 million people were killed during incidents of democide in the 20th century, "of which communist regimes murdered about 148 million," he said, adding, "Communists overall have murdered four times those killed in combat."

China in the 1980’s

1976 Mao Dies 1978 - early 90’s*Deng WiaopingDe facto leader

*but there from the beginning

Deng Xiaoping

With Carter

1978

1977 ‘Beijing Spring’-repudiates the Cultural Revolution (more freedom of

expression)

1979 one-child policy -estimated that China has 300 - 400 million fewer

people today because of it.

1984 Special Economic Zones-free market economic zones that welcome foreign

investment (at first private shops opened/families paid by results)

1997 Deng reaches agreement with Thatcher re Hong Kong-one country, two systems

1989 Tiananmen Square

Today Free Market good, Free Speech bad.As an aside, in ‘06 Google agreed to censor this image in China.

china: 1945 - 1991 china - what you don’t need to know, but do need to know… -1894 - 1895 -china...

Documents