• Chronicle the sequence of events that cause WWI to become a continental war

• Analyze the problems and solutions Germany has at the start of WWI

• Where is there sooo much tension that war almost has to happen?

• When has there been fighting?– 1905 =

Moroccan Crisis (?)• What is this

over?• Opponents• Outcomes (a

certain alliance strengthens)

• The Balkan Peninsula once controlled by…

• Nationalism part 2 happens…– Everyone

isn’t happy with the turnout

• Breaks off the Ottoman Empire in 1878– A-H “controls” it

for decades• Austria-

Hungary annexes B&H in 1908

• Serbia is MAD…why?

• 1912 = 1st Balkan War– Balkan States beat

Ottoman Empire• Free FYROM and

Albania• 1913 = 2nd Balkan

War (Mr. B vs Ascolese pt.1)– Who fought?

• Austria vs• Serbia & Russia

– Austria wins

• Austria-Hungary– Afraid of the growing

power of Serbs– Some Austrians

want war w/Serbs• Archduke Franz

Ferdinand refuses • Serbia…

– Hates A-H– Hates Ferdinand too– Still wants B&H

• Another war is almost inevitable

• Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated by the Black Hand, a nationalistic terrorist group

• June 28, 1914…of all days

Last member of the 7 Black Hand members to accomplish the mission

1. The Serbian terrorist organization, the Black Hand assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary on June 28, 1914.– What does Germany do on July 5, 1914?

• NYC 1914 Cartoon

2. A-H Emperor Franz Joseph blames Serbia…–Sends

Ultimatum to Serbia

–July 23, 1914

Will the ultimatumbefair?

1. To suppress any publication which incites to hatred and contempt of the Austrian Monarchy;

2. To dissolve immediately the society styled Narodna Odbrana (National Defense), and to proceed in the same manner against the other societies which engage in propaganda against Austria;

3. To eliminate without delay from public instruction in Serbia, both as regards the teaching body and the methods of instruction, all that serves or might serve to foment propaganda against Austria-Hungary;

4. To remove from the military service and the administration in general all officers guilty of propaganda against Austria-Hungary, names of which were to be provided by the Austro-Hungarian government;

5. To accept the collaboration in Serbia of organs of the Austro-Hungarian government in the suppression of the subversive movement directed against the territorial integrity of the monarchy;

6. To begin a judicial inquiry against the accessories to the plot of June 28th who are on Serbian territory, with organs delegated by the Austro-Hungarian government participating in the investigation;

7. To immediately arrest two named persons implicated by the preliminary investigation undertaken by Austria-Hungary;

8. To prevent by effective measures the cooperation of Serbia in the illicit traffic in arms and explosives across the frontier;

9. To furnish Austria-Hungary with explanations regarding statements from high Serbian officials both in Serbia and abroad, who have expressed hostility towards Austria-Hungary; and

10. To notify Austria-Hungary without delay of the execution of these measures.

6. The [Serbian] Government considers it its duty as a matter of course to begin an investigation against all those persons who have participated in the outrage of June 28th and who are in its territory.   As far as the cooperation in this investigation of specially delegated officials of the [Austro-Hungarian] Government is concerned, this cannot be accepted, as this is a violation of the constitution and of criminal procedure.– July 25, 1914

Serbia Responds

“…the reply [by Serbia] amounted to a capitulation in the humblest style, and with it there disappeared all reason for war.”

• Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia– July 28, 1914– Austria-Hungary = 1st…

• Germany!!!–Upholds what

alliance?• Who does not back

up Austria-Hungary?– Italy…(?)

• Why?– Pan-Slavism!!

• Russia asks A-H to soften up on Serbia– A-H says no

• This all happens the same day!

• Read the primary source letters btwn

6. Germany says…– MYOB to Russia

7. What does Russia do?– MOBILIZES its Troops!!!

• What does mean?

• What are your options if you are Kaiser Wilhelm II?

8. What does he do?– Declares War on

Russia on Aug 1, 1914• What did Mobilization

mean to him?• Could Russia stop

mobilizing?

• Why?• What

happens next?– Germany

says MYOB to France

– France says no…

• Germany declares war on France on Aug 3, 1914– Say that

France bombed a German city already

• France declares war on Germany Aug 4

• Analyze the goal of the Schlieffen plan and the execution of it

• Evaluate the causes and conditions of trench warfare

• German offensive plan to win WWI and the 2-front war

• Attack France first with overwhelming encirclement force

• Attack slower Russia second

• Alfred von Schlieffen– 1833-1913

• Made in 1906…• One of most debated

plans in history– Encirclement has a

successful track record

• 34 Divisions = 680,000 troops– 31 vs France– 3 vs Russia

(slow to mobilize)

• France in middle…not ready (Plan 17)

• 39 days!!!– Why is that a

problem?

• Tate & Naal should know…

• 4 v 2…

• “only make the right wing strong” AVS 1913

• 34 Divisions = 680,000 troops– 6 vs Russia

(slow to mobilize)

– 28 vs France• Problem with

this?

• ?

• Germans think WWI will last less that a year

• French know they are outnumbered but think their racial superiority will carry them (?)

• Imaginative men (Michel) ignored

• Russia mobilizes FAST!!– Battle of

Tannenberg • Germany sends

2 divisions to Russian front…weakens Schlieffen Plan

• Battle of the Marne…more to come on that

“Punch” 1914Germany

encountersa surpriseroadblock

• King Albert I

• Belgians fought hard against Germans– Civilians

shooting at Germans…

• Many German casualties– One other big

impact…• Belgium

destroyed• Dixmude

• August 25, Destruction of Louvain, Belgium

• Civilians shooting at Germans

• Germans kill Belgian civilians– Break international laws

• University Library (Ren and Gothic texts), Church of St. Pierre destroyed

• Someone is MAD!!!

• Battle of the Marne– Germans lost too

many men along the way…think about it

– French pleas to GB work (more men!!)

– Crazy taxi stories• Respect Belgium!!• Now what?

• 1st Slot – Right Before WWI• Triple Alliance Triple Entente

• 2nd Slot – When WWI begins in 1914• Central Powers Allied Powers