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TRANSCRIPT
CLASSIFICATION
of
MATTER
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass
and takes up space.
Matter Anything that has both mass AND volume
– MASS
A measure of the amount of matter contained in an object
– VOLUME
A measure of the amount of space an object takes up
Substances
– Matter that has a uniform and unchanging chemical
composition
– EX. Water (H2O); Table salt (NaCl)
Properties of Matter
How It Looks (Shiny ,Dull, Color, etc.)
How It Feels (Hard, Soft, Rough , Smooth, etc.)
How It Smells (Sweet, Sharp, Terrible, No Smell, etc.)
How It Sounds (Loud, Soft, Echo, No Sound, etc.)
What It Does (Bounce, Stretch, Tear, Break, Magnetism etc.)
Physical Properties of Matter
A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition – Also used to describe pure substances
There are two types of physical properties – EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES
dependent on the amount of the substance present
– INTENSIVE PROPERTIES
NOT dependent on the amount of the substance present
Chemical Properties of Matter
Ability OR inability of a substance to
combine with or change into one or more
other substances
Identify Properties Classify each of the properties below into
either PHYSICAL or CHEMICAL
5 States of Matter
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Plasma
Bose-Einstein Condensate (This one only
happens within a few billionths of a degree
above absolute zero…so, yeah. You won’t
see this unless you are in a lab.)
SOLIDS
SOLID
A solid is matter that has that has definite size
and shape.
Example: Put a sneaker in a box. It stays the
same.
States of Matter Solid
– Form of matter that has its own
definite shape and volume
– Particles within a solid are
tightly packed
When heated, it will expand only
slightly
Cannot be compressed
Low Kinetic Energy (KE)
Liquids
LIQUID
A liquid takes the shape of any container.
Example: Pour juice into a glass. The juice
will take on the shape of the glass.
States of Matter Liquid
– Form of matter that flows,
has a constant volume, and
takes the shape of its
container
Less tightly packed
– When heated, it will expand
– Is virtually incompressible
– Moderate Kinetic Energy (KE)
GAS
Gas
Gas is matter that has no definite shape.
Gases take the shape of whatever container
they are in .
Example: The air all around us is a gas.
States of Matter Gas – Form of matter that flows to conform to the
shape of its container and fills the entire volume of its container Very loosely packed
– When heated, it will expand and sometimes escape
– Easily compressed
– High Kinetic Energy (KE)
Gas vs. Vapor – Gas = the state of matter
– Vapor = gaseous state of a substance that is either a liquid or gas at room temperature
BOTH liquids and gases are “fluids” because they flow
Plasma Doesn’t happen regularly on Earth
EX:
The Northern Lights Ball lightning
– It takes a very special environment to keep
plasmas going. They are different and unique from
the other states of matter.
Physical changes in matter
A Physical change is a change in how matter looks, but not the kind of matter is it is.
Tear
Cut
Folded
Written
Liquid
Solid
Gas
Mixture
Solution
Physical Changes
Changes that DO NOT alter the composition
of a substance
– Physical changes are those that are causing a
change in a physical property
– Examples:
Cutting paper
Breaking a crystal
PHYSICAL CHANGES
Changes in States of Matter
Changes in the state of matter are all
PHYSICAL CHANGES as they do NOT alter
the arrangement of the substance
Deposition
Chemical changes in matter
New Matter is formed.
– Burning
– Rusting
– Cooking
Chemical Changes
Process that involves one or more substances
changing into new substances
a.k.a. Chemical reaction
– Reactants – Starting substances
– Products – Resulting substances
Newly formed substances will have different
compositions and properties than the original
substances Fe + O FeO
Iron reacts with Oxygen to produce Iron Oxide
CHEMICAL CHANGES
Four Indications of a
Chemical Change
1. release of a gas
2. release of heat, light or sparks
3. formation of a precipitate
4. color change
Law of Conservation of Mass Mass is neither created nor destroyed, it is only rearranged.
– The total mass you have in the beginning of a reaction must be present at the end of the reaction
Mercury + Oxygen Mercury Oxide
If there are 200g of mercury and 16g of oxygen, what mass of mercury oxide is produced.
Mercury + Oxygen Mercury Oxide
200g 16g ?
216g
Is this a solid, a liquid, or a gas? Can you find more than one type of matter in any of the pictures?
Is this a physical change or a chemical change? Can you find more than one physical or chemical change in the pictures?
Let’s watch a video clip about
matter!
States of Matter
Click to go to the next
slide.
Mixtures
A combination of two or more pure
substances in which each pure substance
retains its own individual chemical
properties
– physical combination
– can be separated physically
– has no definite ratio
Mixtures versus Compounds
S
Fe
Physically mixed, can be
separated by physical means.
Chemically reacted, cannot be
separated by physical means.
Elements
A pure substance that cannot be separated into
simpler substances by physical or chemical
means.
– 91 occur naturally
– Allotropes- element is found in more than one form.
Ex. Carbon- diamond & graphite, Oxygen- O2 & O3.
– Diatomic elements- found as a pair with itself
Ex. O2, N2, F2, Cl2, H2, I2, Br2
– Expressed with a chemical symbol
-one, two or three letters
-only the first letter is capitalized
-organized on the Periodic Table
Periodic Table Horizontal
rows-periods
Vertical row-
groups/family
– Elements in a
group/family
together have
similar
properties
Compounds
Chemical combination of two or more elements – definite ratio
– can only be separated by chemical changes
– Compounds that occur naturally are more stable than the individual component elements.
– properties of a compound are different from the properties of the elements that make it
Water
aspirin
sugar NaCl (salt)
NH3 (ammonia)
HCl (hydrochloric acid)
Fe2O3 (Iron III Oxide)