Respiratory systemConsists of the right and left lungs the nose,

mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli

The respiratory system is responsible for taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide which is necessary for proper body function and life

Lungs – right and left----left has two lobes –right has three lobes

Process of respiration is controlled in the brain by the medulla oblongata.

Process of breathing

Has two openings called nostrils which air enters thru

The nasal septum is a wall of cartridge that divides the nose into hollow spaces called nasal cavities

Nasal cavities are lined with mucous membranes that are rich in blood vessels

Air is warmed and filtered as it enters the nasal cavities

Cilia – small hair like structures that filter and trap dust and other particles

Nose

Cavities in the skull that provide resonance in the voice

Can become inflamed and infected resulting in sinusitis

Sinuses

Also known as the throat and lies behind the nasal cavities

Divided into three sections: Nasopharynx – upper portion located behind

the nasal cavities and houses the adenoids and pharyngeal tonsils

Oropharynx – located behind the oral cavity ( mouth)

Laryngopharynx – bottom section that branches off into the esophagus and trachea

Pharynx

Voice box Has nine layers of cartilage with the largest

thyroid layer of cartilage being the Adam’s Apple

The epiglottis is a small flap that closes over the trachea when food is swallowed to prevent choking.

Larynx

Known as the windpipe Carries air between the pharynx and

bronchi Bronchi are the right and left branches that

come off of the trachea into the lungs and become smaller branches called bronchioles

Trachea

Apx 500 million little grape like clusters of air sacs that are located on the ends of the bronchioles

This is where the gas exchange takes place in the lungs

Capillaries – bring carbon dioxide from the body and carry oxygen back to cells

Alveoli

Membrane that encloses the lungs Can become inflamed and cause lots of pain

..this is called pleurisy The diaphragm is a big muscle located

under the lungs and the intercostal muscles located between the ribs are the main muscles used in respiration

Pleura

Process of breathing and involves two phases:

Inspiration and expiration Inspiration –inhaling air into the lungs --

diaphragm contract Expiration –exhaling air out of the lungs---

diaphragm relaxes One inspiration and one expiration = one

respiration

Ventilation

Respiratory disorder caused by sensitivity to allergens or can be caused by stress, overexertion and infection

Usually results in difficulty breathing ( dyspnea) , wheezing, coughing and tightness in the chest

Asthma

Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchial tubes used caused by an infection

Symptoms are cough, dyspnea, rales and fever

Bronchitis

Non infectious respiratory illness that occurs when the walls of the alveoli deteriorate and lose their elasticity. This causes air to be trapped in the lungs resulting in a feeling of suffocation, dyspnea, barrel chest, pain cyanosis, prolonged expirations.

Emphysema

Nosebleed Compress nostrils, apply cold compress and

tilt head slightly forward Never tilt head back!!!

Epistaxis

Flu Symptoms include fever, chill, sore throat,

muscle aches, runny inflamed nose (rhinitis), and fatigue

No cure….just treat the symptoms Prevention

Influenza

Inflammation of the larynx and vocal cords usually caused by an infection

Symptoms : sore throat , loss of voice, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)

treatment: rest, no talking, meds

Laryngitis

Measurable decrease in oxygen as a result of periods of not breathing when sleeping.

Very serious can lead to heart and respiratory problems if not corrected.

Can be caused by obesity, smoking, high blood pressure, alcoholism, and sedatives

CPAP – machine that forces air into the lungs and keeps the airway open.

Sleep apnea

Inflammation of the mucous membranes resulting in a runny nose, which may be accompanied by a sore throat, sneezing nasal congestion and watery eyes.

Treatment: treat symptoms

Rhinitis

Infectious respiratory illness that causes fatigue, fever, night sweats weight loss hemoptysis (coughing up blood)

Health care workers have to be tested yearly

Tuberculosis

Upper Respiratory Infection Highly contagious inflammation of the

respiratory membranes which causes fever, runny nose, watery eyes congestion in chest and sinuses, sore throat, and hacking cough

URI

Inflammation or infection of the lungs characterized by mucous, fever, cough.

Caused by a bacteria Tx with antibiotics

Pneumonia

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Many other respiratory conditions can turn

into COPD. Broad term Chronic cough, mucous and difficulty

breathing Treatment includes: cough meds,

bronchodilators, mucolytics

COPD