costco wholesale corporation paper

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COSTCO WHOLESALE CORPORATION: MISSION, BUSINESS MODEL, AND STRATEGY Company Background Costco Wholesale Corporation is a company that moves in retailing industry which was founded by Jim Sinegal and Jeff Brotman in 1983. Costco used the concept that firstly introduced by Sol Price which is membership warehouse, where Costco gives a lower price to its member. The first Costco store began operations in Seattle. And in 2006, Costco’s sales totaled almost $59 billion at 496 stores in 37 states making them the fourth largest retailer in the USA and the seventh largest in the world with annual sales per store average $128 million. About 26 million households and 5.2 million businesses had membership cards entitling them to shop at Costco with cut prices Case-Theoretical Framework Analysis A company needs to implement the theoretical framework about the Strategy Making, Strategy Making Process which has 5 phases systematically in order to improve its market position and future prospects: 1

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Page 1: Costco Wholesale Corporation Paper

COSTCO WHOLESALE CORPORATION:

MISSION, BUSINESS MODEL, AND STRATEGY

Company Background

Costco Wholesale Corporation is a company that moves in retailing industry which

was founded by Jim Sinegal and Jeff Brotman in 1983. Costco used the concept that firstly

introduced by Sol Price which is membership warehouse, where Costco gives a lower price to

its member. The first Costco store began operations in Seattle. And in 2006, Costco’s sales

totaled almost $59 billion at 496 stores in 37 states making them the fourth largest retailer in

the USA and the seventh largest in the world with annual sales per store average $128

million. About 26 million households and 5.2 million businesses had membership cards

entitling them to shop at Costco with cut prices

Case-Theoretical Framework Analysis

A company needs to implement the theoretical framework about the Strategy Making,

Strategy Making Process which has 5 phases systematically in order to improve its market

position and future prospects:

Developing a strategic vision

The first phase is to develop a strategic vision for the company. Costco’s philosophy

was to keep customers coming to shop by wowing them with low prices. Based on that

statement, we can understand that Costco wants to be the one that offers the lowest price with

great values. Quote from Sinegal:

“We’re very good merchants, and we offer value. The traditional retailer will say: “I’m

selling this for $10. I wonder whether we can get $10.50 or $11.” We say:”We selling this for

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Page 2: Costco Wholesale Corporation Paper

$9. How do we get it down to $8?” We understand that our members don’t come and shop

with us because of the window displays or the Santa Claus or the piano player. They come

and shop with us because we offer great values.”

Sometimes a company doesn’t state its strategic vision clearly, like Costco does. But it

has company values or philosophy that is implemented on its performance.

Setting objectives

Costco wants to provide the lowest-price to the customers and keep the customer coming

back to shop:

Crafting a strategy to achieve the objectives and vision

Costco has three strategies:

1. Pricing, provide the lowest price than another retail store.

2. Product selection, Costco didn’t want stocked about the items more than 4000 items to

make low inventory, eliminating cost, holding and cost handling.

3. Treasure-hunt merchandising, Costco provide limited items that will not available for

the next time in the warehouse. According to the Jim Sinegal Costco try to get that

sense of urgency in their customers.

4. Marketing dan Advertising. Karena Costco sudah terkenal mampu memyediakan barang

dengan harga yang murah dan ketersesiaan barang yang selalu berubah maka Costco

tidak perlu melakukan usaha periklanan maupun promosi penjualan yang gencar. Cara

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pemasaran dan promosi yang dilakukan Costco terbatas pada pegiriman surat langsung

kepada anggota yang sudah terdaftar, pengiriman kepada calon pelanggan yang

dianggap potensial untuk menjadi anggota dan pengenalan pembukaan toko baru. Untuk

pembukaan toko baru biasanya tim marketing dari Costco menghubungi calon

pelanggan yang potensial yang biasa mereka sebut dengan Potential Gold Star dengan

cara mengirimkan surat kepada calon pelanggan berdasarkan data dari asosiasi tenaga

kerja atau dari perusahaan yang mempunyai banyak karyawan. Setelah keanggotaan

Costco sudah terbentuk didaerah tersebut biasanya para anggota tersebut akan

memberitahukan kepada sekitar mengenai kelebihan berbelanja di Costco (word to

mouth). Dengan cara tersebut Costco beranggapan bahwa mereka mampu menghemat

biaya promosi dibandingkan dengan pesaing-pesaingnya.

5. Growth Strategy. Pada beberapa tahun terakhir Cost membuka toko baru antara 20-25

toko baru setiap tahunnya, kebanyakan lokasinya ada di Amerika Serikat akan tetapi

mereka juga memperhatikan perkembangan tokonya di wilayah negara lain, hal ini

dapat dilihat dari perkembangan toko Costco yang memiliki 102 toko berada di luar

Amerika Serikat, Costso juga membuka 2 toko khusus yang menyediakan barang

perlengkapan rumah tangga dengan teknologi tinggi, dari data diketahui bahwa

perlengkapan rumah tangga dengan teknologi tinggi merupakan salah satu dari tiga

terbesar penjualan Costco. Costco juga berusaha menambah item barang dengan merk

mereka sendiri dari semula sekitar 400 item menjadi 600 item dalam lima tahun yang

akan datang.

6. Web Site Sales. Costco juga mengembang cara berbelanja melalu internet, mereka

mempunyai dua website untuk untuk melayani pelanggan yang mungkin tidak mampu

mereka layani melalui toko yang mereka miliki seperti, digital photo processing,

penebusan resep ataupun layanan lainnya. Web site mereka terbukti mengalami

perkembangan yang cukup baik yaitu sekitar 10% meskipun iklim industry pelayan

melalui internet mengalami penurunan.

Implementing and executing the strategy

The implementing and executing the strategy in Costco related to the philosophy, value and

code ethics:

1. Obey the law: comply with all laws and other legal requirements. Respect of all

public officials and their position. Comply with safety and security standard for all

product sold, etc.

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2. Take care of the members: provide top-quality products at the best prices in the

market, provide high-quality, and wholesome food products by requiring that both

vendors and employees be in compliance with the highest food safety standard in the

industry, etc

3. Take care of the employees: competitive wages, create benefits, a safe and healthy

work environment, challenging and fun work, career opportunities, etc

4. Respect the suppliers: treat all suppliers and their representatives as Costco`s

representatives would expected to be treat if visiting their place of business, honor all

commitments, etc

5. Reward the shareholders: providing them with a good return on the money they invest

in company.

Monitoring developments, evaluating performance, and making corrective adjustment

Costco proved that the strategies was work, it looks from the loyalty of employees and

customers, financial growth, warehouse expansion in other countries.

The different of vision and mission

There’s a difference between strategic vision and mission statement which is frequently

mistaken has the same meaning. Strategic vision describes the route a company intends to

take in developing and strengthening its business “where are we going” (related with markets

to be pursued, future product/customer, and kinds of management), it lays out the company’s

strategic course in preparing for the future, whereas a company’s mission statement typically

describes its present business and purpose “who we are, what we do, and why we are here”

(related with current product, service offerings, customer needs, technologies and business

capabilities).

Key Elements of a Mission Statement

Costco’s mission is “To continually provide our members with quality goods and

services at the lowest possible prices.” There are three key elements of a mission statement

which is:

1. What is being satisfied

2. Who is being satisfied

3. How customer needs are satisfied.

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Business Model

“Generate high sales volumes and rapid inventory turnover by offering members low

prices on a limited selection of nationally branded and selected private-label products in a

wide range of merchandise categories”.

Operasional Toko

Costco berusaha untuk menekan biaya overhead dari toko-toko yang mereka miliki

sehingga mereka dapat memberikan keuntungan kepada anggotanya. Toko Costco biasanya

mempunyai luas 140.000 kaki persegi dengan konstruksi bangunan yang murah dengan lantai

hanya dari beton. Lokasi merekapun biasanya tidak berada di daerah utama, barang yang

dipajang biasanya dalam jumlah yang banyak sehingga akan memudahkan pekerja untuk

menjaganya. Mereka juga tidak menyediakan tas belanja karena barang belanjaan biasanya

langsung dimasukkan ke dalam kereta belanja atau dimasukkan ke dalam kardus kosong. Jam

buka toko merekapun lebih pendek dibandingkan dengan lainnya sehingga hal ini akan dapat

mengurangi biaya tenaga kerja.

Manager toko Costco juga diberi kewenangan yang cukup besar untuk mengatur

tokonya sehingga seolah-olah para manager tersebut mengelola toko yang mereka miliki

sendiri. Mereka diberi kebebasan untuk menentukan barang apa yang akan mereka jual dan

bertanggung jawab atas hasil keputusan mereka, hal ini berdasarkan pemikiran bahwa yang

paling mengerti potensi daerah dari toko tersebut adalah manager toko tersebut.

Costco biasanya melakukan pembelian langsung dari produsen barang seperti Canon,

Casio Dell, Fuji dan lain-lain dengan cara pengiriman langsung barang dari produsen ketoko

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untuk langsung dipajang di toko tersebut. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengurangi biaya

distribusi yang berarti penghematan yang cukup besar bagi Costso.

Sistem pembayaran di Costco dapat dilakukan dengan uang, checks, kartu debit

ataupu kartu kredit yang dikeluarkan oleh Costco. Costco juga menrima retur barang dari

pelanggan apabila pelanggan tidak puas dengan barang yang mereka beli.

Kompensasi Karyawan

Pada tahun 2006 Costso tercatat mempunyai karyawan sebanyak 71.000 karyarwan fulltime

dan 56.000 karyawan part time. Dengan gaji awal sebesar $10-$12 perjam, rata-rata

karyawan memperoleh penghasilan sebesar $17-$18 perjam ditambah bonus semesteran.

Costco juga member beberapa fasilitas bagi karyawannya antara lain, fasilitas kesehatan dan

perawatan gigi, penebusan resep yang lebih murah, pembelian alat bantu penglihatan dan lain

sebagainya. Costco percaya bahwa dengan memperhatikan kesejahteraan karyawan maka

usaha mereka akan berjalan dengan lebih baik.

Sistem promosi karyawan dengan jenjang karir yang baik maka karyawan akan terpacu untuk

bekerja-sebaik-baiknya. Costco benar-benar memperhatikan prestasi kerja karyawan dalam

pemilihan orang-orang yang akan dipromosikan, semua karyawan memulai karir mereka

benar-benar dari bawah sehingga dengan demikian akan memacu persaingan karyawan untuk

bekerja secara lebih baik untuk memperoleh kesempatan promosi. Kompensasi kepada

manajerialpun sangat baik walaupun demikian jaarak penghasilan antara karyawan biasa

dengan manager benar-benar sesuai antara tanggung jawab dan penghasilan yang mereka

peroleh.

Business Philosophy, Values & Code of Ethics

• Jim Sinegal introduced 5 basic work principles, which were adopted into CostCo’s

corporate culture

– Obey the law, in every place and time

• Provides customers, suppliers, and local communities with an ease of

mind

– Take care of members

• Members are Costco’s source of revenues, and are treated as such.

World class service is demanded, and given

– Take care of employees

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• Good treatment provides workforce with good morale, and as such are

more likely to aid Costco’s marketing through word of mouth promotions

– Respect suppliers

• Partnership and low cost stock is essential to the survival of the

company

– Reward shareholders

• As part owners of the company, they are treated as such, and provided

with high dividends

SWOT

Opportunity Threats

Enhance the market share warehouse Price war

Breaking the antitrust law

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