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Zoe Irvin, Kyra Neumann, and Sarah Uhlian
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Surrealism
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Preceding Art: Dada
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Dada 1916-1923Anti-everything Protesting WWI Desired to provoke public controversy One rule: never follow any known rules Key people: Tristan Tzara and Marcel
Duchamp WWI scattered DADA painters After the war:
Returned to Paris where Dada activities continued
Founder: André Breton
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Originally in Dada Breton v. Tristan Tzara Dada’s collapse in ParisBRETON’S CREATION OF SURREALISM
Founder of surrealism Started as a writers only movementEventually, accepted painters Manifesto of Surrealism
Writer
Influences of WWI
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SocialChange in the status of women Fear of another world war WWI made luxuries impossible
Economic Inflation from war
Political Entire map of Europe changed A plethora of new ideologies
Scientific Influences
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Freud Interpretation of dreamsUnconsciousFree AssociationId, ego, and superego
Max Ernst (1891-1976)
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No formal art training Study philosophy and psychology
Learned about Freud
Max Ernst (1891-1976)
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frottage and grattage Emphasis
Contact between materials Transforming everyday materials to create an idea of your consciousness Led to automatism
Influenced abstract expressionism
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Untitled 1925
Salvador Dali (1904-1989)
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Madrid School of Fine Arts“There is only one difference between a madman and me. The madman thinks he in sane. I know I am mad.”
“Each morning when I awake, I
experience again a
supreme pleasure- that
of being Salvador Dali.”
Salvador Dali (1904-1989)
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Eroticism, death, and decaySymbolism Critical paranoia Shock and unease Rejected from Surrealism by Breton
"Geopoliticus Child Watching the Birth of the New Man“ (1943)
Rene Magritte (1898-1967)
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Drawing lessons at age 10
Suicide of mother
Abandonment during WWI
Criminal record
Rene Magritte (1898-1967)
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Oil paintings
Influenced pop art, minimalism, and conceptualism
“The Son of Man” (1927)
Joan Miro (1893-1983)
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Loved drawing at an early age
Studied landscape and decorative art at School of Industrial Fine Arts
Joan Miro (1893-1983)
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Limited paletteBold and expressive colors
Partial surrealist Influenced color field painting within abstract expressionism
16 “May 1968” (1973)
Characteristics:Accessing the unconscious
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Automatism Automatic writing Automatic speech Automatic painting
DreamsHallucinationsBreton:
Move toward objectsMatisse:
Moved away from objects
Characteristics
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Desired to portray basic drivesHighlighting abuse of the female body
JuxtapositionReality and fantasy
Limited by society Rebelling rational ideals of society
PoliticsLeft-wing Anti-capitalism
Critiques
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Freud Surrealists failed to access the
unconscious Untrained use of psychoanalysis They deceived themselves
Feminists fundamentally a male movementadopts archaic attitudes toward women
Stereotypes, sexist norms, objects of desire, and of mystery
Reactions
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wary to support surrealists lack of using Freud’s conditions
“What lacunae has this expansion been made possible?”
surrealism played on Marxism and psychoanalysis
obsessed with women and madness
“Surrealism is a wonder, a wonder intricately woven from
the everyday as if wonder itself could be a self-sustaining more of
perception.”
“The surrealists were not good with
women. That is why, although I thought
they were wonderful, I had to give them up
in the end.”
Successions
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Abstract expressionismPop art MinimalismConceptualism Neo-dadaPerformance
So what?
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Brought attention to unnecessary planning in art
Seen todayAdvertisements FilmFashion photography
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SURREALISMJOAN MIRO
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SURREALISMSALVADOR
DALI
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SURREALISM
MAX ERNST
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SURREALISM
SURREALISM
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Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali- 1931
32Surrealism and Painting by Max Ernst- 1942
33 Young Girl Eating a Bird by Rene Magritte- 1927
Zoe Irvin, Kyra Neumann, and Sarah Uhlian
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Surrealism