engineering · 2018-08-23 · ตารางแปลงหน่วย mit 2013 3 คำ นำ...

ตารางแปลงหนวย MIT 2013 3

คำ�นำ�

“พอกเกตบค ENGINEERING REFERENCE ฉบบคมอ

วศวกรรมฉบบนบรษทมราเคลอนเตอรเนชนแนลเทคโนโลยจำากด

หรอ MIT ไดรวบรวมขนจากหลายแหลง อาท เวบไซต และ

ประสบการณตางๆขอมลความรทเปนสงจำาเปนทางดานวศวกรรม

ทกประเภท จดทำาเปนคมอทสามารถหาคาตารางแปลงหนวย

ทรวดเรว และแมนยำา ทำาใหวศวกรทกทานไดบรหารเวลาไดอยาง

มประสทธภาพมากขน และเพอเผยแพรเปนสาธารณประโยชน

มใชเอกสารทางวชาการทแสวงหาประโยชนทางการคาหรอ

ประโยชนใดๆหวงวาคมอฉบบนจะใหประโยชนแกทกทานไมมาก

กนอย”

บรษท มราเคล อนเตอรเนชนแนล เทคโนโลย จำากด

4 ตารางแปลงหนวย MIT 2013

สารบญ

6-9 ศพทสอบเทยบนารจากMIT

10-12 การแปลงหนวยทวไป

13 ตารางแปลงอณหภม

14 ตารางเทยบหนวยนำาหนกเมตรก,องกฤษ,สหรฐ

15 ตารางเทยบหนวยปรมาตรเมตรก,องกฤษ,สหรฐ

16 ตารางแปลงหนวยของโบลต

17 GeneralMetricConversionFactors

ConversionTableforPressure

GlossryofPressureUnits

18 TorqueConversionFactors

19 SteamTable

20 BasicPropertiesofPlastics

U.S.MeshtoMicronParticleSizeConversion

21 ViscosityConversionChart

22 ChemicalResistanceofMaterial

23 ReferenceRangeofTemperature

24 NEMARatings,EnclosureClassificationsandType

25 คาการนำากระแสสงสดของสายไฟฟา

26 จำานวนสายสงสดภายในทอรอยสายไฟฟา

27 ขนาดสาย,ทอ,เซอรกตเบรกเกอรตามขนาดมอเตอรท1


สารบญ



30 ขนาดสาย,ทอ,เซอรกตเบรกเกอรตามขนาดมเตอรไฟฟา

สายดนตามขนาดเซอรกตเบรกเกอร

31 คณสมบตของหลอดไฟฟา

32-34 คาความเขมของแสงสำาหรบงานลกษณะตางๆ

35-36 การคำานวณHeattransferและสตรHeatload

37 ตารางคำานวณคาU

38-44 ตารางวสดสำาหรบสวนตางๆของอาคาร

45 ขอบขายการใหบรการสอบเทยบ


ศพทสอบเทยบนาร จาก MIT

หนวยเอสไอ (SI)มชอเตมวา International System of Units หรอ

SystemeInternationald’UnitsหรอSIUNITS

เปนระบบหนวยระหวางชาต ประกอบดวย 2 สวน คอ 1. หนวยฐาน (Base Units) เปนหนวยหลกของระบบเอสไอ

ประกอบดวยทงหมด7หนวยไดแกเมตร(m)กโลกรม(kg)วนาท(s)

แอมแปร(A)เคลวน(K)โมล(mol)แคนเดลา(cd)

2. หนวยอนพนธ (Derived Units)เปนหนวยฐานหลายๆ หนวย

มาเกยวของกน เชน เฮรตซ (Hz) นวตน (N) จล (J) วตต (W)

คลอมบ(C)โวลต(V)พาสคล(Pa)เซลเซยส(๐C)

ค�าศพทมาตรวทยาAccuracy of measurement (ความแมนย�าของการวด) คอ

คาความถกตองใกลเคยงกนระหวางผลของการวดกบคาจรง

Adjustment (การปรบ)คอการปรบแตงใหเครองมอวดอยในสมรรถนะ

ทก�าหนด

Calibration (การสอบเทยบ)คอปฏบตการเพอการตรวจสอบคณสมบต

ทางมาตรวทยาของเครองดวยการวดเทยบคาทเครองอานไดกบคา

ของตวมาตรฐาน


Correction factor (ตวประกอบการปรบแก) คอตวเลขใชคณกบคา

ยงไมปรบแกของการวดเพอชดเชยคาความผดพลาด

Correction (คาปรบแก) คอคาทชดเชยส�าหรบคาผดพลาดโดยน�ามา

บวกกบคายงไมปรบแกของการวด

Corrected result (คาปรบแก)ผลของการวดทไดหลงการปรบแกคา

Instrumental drift การเปลยนแปลงทตอเนองหรอการเปลยนแปลง

ทเพมขนตามเวลาในคาบงชเนองจากการเปลยนแปลงในสมบตเชง

มาตรวทยาของเครองมอวดเครองหนง

Maximum permissible errors; MPE (ความคลาดเคลอนสงสด

ทยอมรบได) คอความคลาดเคลอนของเครองมอวดทยอมให

เกดขนไดมากทสดตามวตถประสงคของการใชงาน บางครงอาจ

เรยกtolerance

Hysteresis คอผลตางสงสดของคาทอานไดจากอปกรณวดจากคาท

แทจรงระหวางการอานขาขนกบการอานขาลงทจดๆเดยวกน

International standard (มาตรฐานระหวางประเทศ) มาตรฐานซง

รบรองโดยขอตกลงระหวางประเทศส�าหรบใชเปนมลฐานระหวาง

ประเทศในการก�าหนดคามาตรฐานอนๆ

Intermediate check (การตรวจสอบเครองมอระหวางการใชงาน)

คอการตรวจสอบเครองมอเปนระยะ ระหวางชวงการสอบเทยบ

อาจจะก�าหนดใหท�าทกหนงเดอนหรอนานกวา


Primary Standard (มาตรฐานปฐมภม) มาตรฐานซงมคณภาพ

ทางมาตรวทยาสงสด

Result of a measurement (ผลของการวด)คอคาของปรมาณทวด

ไดจากการวด

Repeatability of measurements (การทวนซ�าไดของการวด)

คอ ความถกตองใกลเคยงกนระหวางผลการวดซ�า ทเดยวกน

หลายๆครง

Reference standard (มาตรฐานอางอง)มาตรฐานทมคณภาพสงสด

ทางมาตรวทยามอยณสถานทก�าหนดใหทการวดตางๆ

Reference condition (ภาวะอางอง) ภาวะการใชของเครองมอวด

ทก�าหนดส�าหรบการทดสอบสมรรถนะ

Response characteristic (ลกษณะการตอบสนอง) คอความ

สมพนธระหวางสงเรากบผลตอบสนอง

Resolution (ความละเอยด) คอคาทเลกสดทเครองสามารถแสดงผล

ไดในชวงการวดนนๆ

Secondary standard (มาตรฐานทตยภม) มาตรฐานซงถกก�าหนด

คาโดยการเปรยบเทยบกบมาตรฐานปฐมภม

Span (ชวงการวด) ขนาดของความแตกตาง ระหวางขดจ�ากดของ

พสยระบเครองวด


Sensitivity (ความไว) การเปลยนแปลงของผลตอบสนองของ

เครองวดหารดวยการเปลยนแปลงของสงเรา

Traceability (ความสอบกลบได) คณสมบตของผลการวดทสามารถ

สอบกลบมาตรฐานทเหมาะสม โดยการเปรยบเทยบอยางตอเนอง

กนเปนลกโซถงมาตรฐานระหวางประเทศ

Uncertainty of measurement (ความไมแนนอนของการวด)

คอการประมาณบอกลกษณะในพสยของค า ซงครอบคลม

คาจรงของปรมาณทวด

Working standard (มาตรฐานใชงาน) มาตรฐานทไดสอบเทยบ

กบมาตรฐานอางองใชประจ�าในการสอบเทยบ

Precision (ความเทยงตรง) คอ ความสามารถในการวดใหไดคาใกล

เคยงกบคาเดม

Error (ความคลาดเคลอน)คอความแตกตางของคาทวดไดกบคาจรง

Verifif ication (การทวนสอบ) คอ การทดสอบเพอหาการเลอนคาของ

เครองมอวดกอน-หลงจากสอบเทยบ


quantity symbol unit U.S.relationshipacceleration m/s2 metrespersecond 1m/s2=3.281ft/sec2

squared angularvelocity rad/s radianspersecond 1rad/sec=9.549rpmarea m2 squaremetre 1m2=10.76sqftatmospheric - 101.325kPa 29.92inHg=14.696psipressuredensity kg/m3 kilogramspercubicmetre 1kg/m3=0.0624lb/cuftdensityair - 1.2kg/m3 0.075lb/cuftdensitywater - 1000kg/m3 62.4lb/cuftductfrictionloss Pa/m pascalspermetre 1Pa/m=0.1224in.w.g./100enthalpy kJ/kg kilogram 1kJ/kg=0.4299Btu/lbdryairgravity 9.8067m/s2 32.2ft/sec2

heatflow W watt 1W=3.412Btu/hrlength(normal) m metre 1m=3.281ft=39.37in.linearvelocity m/s metrespersecond 1m/s=196.9fpmmassflowrate kg/s kilogramspersecond 1kg/s=7936.6lb/hrmomentofinertia kg.m2 kilogramsxsquaremetre 1kg.m2=23.73lb.sqftpower W watt 1W=0.00134hppressure kPaPa kilopascal(1000pascals) 1kPa=0.296inHg=0.145 psi pascal 1Pa=0.004015in.w.g.specificheal-air(Cp) 1000J/kg.OC 1000J/kg.OC=1kJ/kg.OC =0.2388Btu/lbOFspecificheal-air(Cv) 717J/kg.OC 0.17Btu/lbOFspecificheat-water 4190J/kgOC 1.0Btu/lbOFspecificvolume m3/kg cubicmetersperkilogram 1m3/kg=16.019cuft/lbthermalconductivity W.mm/m2.OC wattmellimetrepersquare 1W.mm/m2.OC metreOC =0.0069Btu.in/ft2.hr.OFvolumeflowrate m3/sl/s cubicmetrespersecond 1m3/s=2118.88cfm(air) litrespersecond 1l/s=2.12cfm(air) 1m3/s=1000l/s 1m3/s=15850gpm(water) 1ml=litres/1000 1ml/s=1.05gph(water)

การแปลงหนวย


unit symbol quantity equ.valentorrelationshipampere A electriccurrent sameasU.S.candela cd luminousintensity 1cd/m2=0.292ftlambertscelsius OC temperature OF=1.8OC+32O

coulomb C electriccharge sameasU.S.farad F electriccapacitance sameasU.S.henry H electricinductance sameasU.S.hertz Hz frequency sameascyclespersecondjoule J energyworkheat 1J=0.7376ft-lb =0.000948Btukelvin K thermodynamic OK=OC+273.150 Temperature =

OF+459.67 1.8kilogram kg mass 1kg=2.2046lblitre l liquidvolume 1l=1.056qt=0.264gallumens lm luminousflux 1lm/m2=0.0929ftcandieslux lx llluminance 1lx=0.0929ftcandiesmeter m length 1m=3.281ftmole mol amountofsubstance -newton n force 1N=kg.m/s2=0.2248lb(force)ohm electricalresistance sameasU.S.pascal Pa pressurestress 1Pa=N/m2=0.000145psi =0.004022in.w.g.radian rad planeangle 1rad=57.29O

second s time sameasU.S.slemens S electricconductance -steradian sr solidangle -Volt V electricpotential sameasU.S.watt W powerheatflow 1W=J/s=3.4122Btu/hr 1W=0.000284tonsofrefrig. μw/cm2=wm2/0.01



luminance units candelaspersq.metre stilb footlambert (cd/m2) (cd/m2) (fl)candelaspersq.metre 1 10000 3.43(cd/m2)stilb(cd/m2) 1.10-4 1 3,4.10-4

footlambert(fl) 0,2919 2919 1lllumlnance units units multiplyby

lux(lx) footcandle(lm/ft2) 0.0929 10,764temperature units units convertby

OC(Celclus) OF(Fahrenhelt) 9/5OC+32 5/9(OF-32)OC(Celclus) K(Kelvin) OC+273,15 K-273,15miscellaneous units multiplyby

atmospherd millimeterHg(torr) 760 1,316.10-3

atmosphere pascal(N/m2) 1,013.105 9,8716.10-6

bar millimeterHg(torr) 750,1 1,331.10-3

bar pascal(N/m2) 10 0,1other units multiplyby

Btu kilowatt-hour 293.10-6 3409,52centimetre foot 0,03281 30,48centimetrecen inch 0,3937 2,54cubicfoot cubicmetre 0,0283 35,3146degree(angle) radian 0,01745 57,30foot metre 0,3048 3,281kilocalorie kilowatt-hour 1,163.10-3 859,184kilometer mile 0,6214 1,609metre yard 1,094 0,9144squarefoot squaremetre 0,0929 10,76

→

→

→

→

→→

→

→



OC OF OC OF OC OF OC OF OC 0F-90.00 -130 -31.11 -24 -7.78 18 15.56 60 43.33 110-87.22 -125 -30.56 -23 -7.22 19 16.11 61 46.11 115-84.44 -120 -30.00 -22 -6.67 20 16.67 62 48.89 120-81.67 -115 -29.44 -21 -6.11 21 17.22 63 51.67 125-78.89 -110 -28.89 -20 -5.56 22 17.78 64 54.44 130-76.11 -105 -28.33 -19 -5.00 23 18.33 65 57.22 135-73.33 -100 -27.78 -18 -4.44 24 18.89 66 60.00 140-70.56 -95 -27.22 -17 -3.89 25 19.44 67 62.78 145-67.78 -90 -26.67 -16 -3.33 26 20.00 68 65.56 150-65.00 -85 -26.11 -15 -2.78 27 20.56 69 68.33 155-62.22 -80 -25.56 -14 -2.22 28 21.11 70 71.11 160-59.44 -75 -25.00 -13 -1.67 29 21.67 71 73.89 165-56.67 -70 -24.44 -12 -1.11 30 22.22 72 76.67 170-53.89 -65 -23.89 -11 -0.56 31 22.78 73 79.44 175-51.11 -60 -23.33 -10 0.00 32 23.33 74 82.22 180-48.33 -55 -22.78 -9 0.56 33 23.89 75 85.00 185-45.56 -50 -22.22 -8 1.11 34 24.44 76 87.78 190-45.00 -49 -21.67 -7 1.67 35 25.00 77 90.56 195-44.44 -48 -21.11 -6 2.22 36 25.56 78 93.33 200-43.89 -47 -20.56 -5 2.78 37 26.11 79 96.11 205-43.33 -46 -20.00 -4 3.33 38 26.67 80 98.89 210-42.78 -45 -19.44 -3 3.89 39 27.22 81 101.67 215-42.22 -44 -18.89 -2 4.44 40 27.78 82 104.44 220-41.67 -43 -18.33 -1 5.00 41 28.33 83 107.22 225-41.11 -42 -17.78 0 5.56 42 28.89 84 110.00 230-40.56 -41 -17.22 1 6.11 43 29.44 85 112.78 235-40.00 -40 -16.67 2 6.67 44 30.00 86 115.56 240-39.44 -39 -16.11 3 7.22 45 30.56 87 118.33 245-38.89 -38 -15.56 4 7.78 46 31.11 88 121.11 250-38.33 -37 -15.00 5 8.33 47 31.67 89 123.89 255-37.78 -36 -14.44 6 8.89 48 32.22 90 126.67 260-37.22 -35 -13.89 7 9.44 49 32.78 91 129.44 265-36.67 -34 -13.33 8 10.00 50 33.33 92 132.22 270-36.11 -33 -12.78 9 10.56 51 33.89 93 135.00 275-35.56 -32 -12.22 10 11.11 52 34.44 94 137.78 280-34.44 -30 -11.11 12 12.22 54 35.56 96 143.33 290-33.89 -29 -10.56 13 12.78 55 36.11 97 146.11 295-33.33 -28 -10.00 14 -13.33 56 36.67 98 148.89 309-32.78 -27 -9.44 15 13.89 57 37.22 99 151.67 305-32.22 -26 -8.89 16 14.44 58 37.78 100 152.22 306-31.67 -25 -8.33 17 15.00 59 40.56 105 152.78 307

ตารางแปลงอณหภม


ตารางเทย

บนำาห

นกเมตรก,องกฤษ

,สห

รฐ

Metric

units o

f weigh

t Br

itish

and

US

British

units o

f weigh

t US

units

of weigh

t

Units o

f weigh

t T

one

kilogram

me

gram

me

poun

d ou

nce

ton

hund

redw

eigh

t ton

hu

ndredw

eigh

t(t)

(kg)

(g)

(lb)

(oz)

(t)

(cwt)

(t)

(cwt)

1

1000

106

2204.6

35274

0.9842

19.685

1.1023

22.05

0.001

11000

2.2046

35.274

0.00098

0.0197

0.0011

0.022

0.000001

0.001

10.00205

0.0353

0.98-10-

6 0.02-10-

3 0.11-10-

5 0.22-10-

4

0.454-10-

3 0.454

453.6

116

0.000447

0.00893

0.0005

0.01

0.283-10-

4 0.0283

28.35

0.0625

10.279-10

-4

0.558-10

-3

0.312-10

-4

0.625-10

-3

1.016

101

1.016-10

-6

2240

35840

120

1.120

11.20

0.0508

50.802

50802

112

1792

0.5

10.056

1.12

0.9072

907.19

907.19

2000

32000

0.8929

17.841

120

0.4536

45.359

45359

100

1600

0.0446

0.8929

0.05

1 S

pecialw

eigh

ts:1Pfund(German)=0.5kg

1bu

shel

=60lbs=27.216kg(Brit.and

US)

1carat

=200mg(preciou

sston

es)

1qu

arter

=25lbs=11.340kg(US)

1carat

=4.166%

(finego

ld)

1qu

arter

=28lbs=12.701kg((Brit.)

e.g.14carat

=58.333%(finego

ld)

1grain(gr)

=64.8m

g(US

andBrit.)

24carat

=100%

(finego

ld)

1carat

=3.17grains(preciou

sston

es)(Brit.An

dUS)


ตารางเทย

บนำาห

นกเมตรก,องกฤษ

,สห

รฐm

etric,unitsofvolume

BritshandUS

unitsofvolume

US

liquidmeasure

cub

ic

cubic

cubic

cubic

cubic

cubic

cubic

gallon

quart

pint

netre

decimeter

centimeter

millimeter

yard

foot

inch

(m3 )

(dm

3 )(cm

3 )(m

m3 )

(cu.yd)

(cu.ft)

(cu.in)

(gal)

(quart)

(pint)

1

1000

10

00-10-3

10

00-10-6

1.3079

35.32

61-10-

3 264.2

1056.8

2113.6

1-10-3

1

1000

10

00-10-3

1.3079-10-

3 0.03532

61.023-10-

2 0.2642

1.0568

2.1136

1-10-6

1-10

-3

11000

1.3079-10-

6 0.3532-10-

4 0.061023-10-40.2642-10

-3

1.0568-10-

3 2.1136-10-

3

1-10-9

1-10

-6

1-10

-3

11.379-10

-9

0.3532-10-

7 0.610-10

-4

0.2642-10-

6 1.0568-10-

6 2.1136-10-

6

0.764573

764.573

764573

764573-10-

3 1

27

4665

6 20

2 80

8 16

160.0283170

28.31701

28317.01

28317013

0.037037

11728

7.48224

29.92896

59.85792

0.1638-10

-4

0.0163871

16.38716

16387.16

0.2143-10-

4 0.5787-10-

3 1

0.00433

0.01732

0.03464

3.785-10-

3 3.785442

3.785.442

3785442

0.0049457

0.1336797

231

14

80.9463-10

-3

0.9463605

946.3605

946360.5

0.0012364

0.0334199

57.75

0.250

12

0.4732-10

-3

0.4731802

473.1802

473180.2

0.0006182

0.0167099

28.875

0.125

0.500

1

Sp

ecialmeasures:

British

USA

1letre

(l)

=1000cm

3 1imp.gallon

=4qu

arts

8pints

=4.546dm

3 1b

ushel

=35.242dm

3

1hectoletre

=100l

1bu

shel

=8imp.gal

=36.3677dm

3 1registerton

=100cu.ft

=2.8317m

3

1registerton

=2.832m

3 1registerton

=100cu.ft

=2.8316m

3 1oceanton

=40cu.ft

=1.1327m

3

1GRT

=

grossregisterton

,1ba

rrel(oil)

=5.60cu.ft

=158.76l

1ba

rrel

=31.5gal

=119.238l

Com

prisingallship’sspa

ces

or

=42gal

=158.985l

Machinespa

ce,bo

ilerspaces

or

=50gal

=189.267l

andcrew

spa

ce1NRT

=

netregisterton

,

refersonlytocargo

spa

ce


MetricSizes, luchEqivalent Unifiedlnch mm Sizes 0.060 #0 1.6 0.063 0.073 #1 2 0.078 0.086 #2 2.5 0.098 0.099 #3 0.112 #4 3 0.118 0.125 #5 3.5 0.138 #6 4 0.158 0.164 #8 0.190 #10 5 0.197 0.216 #12 6 0.234 6.3 0.248 0.250 1/4in. 0.313 5/16in. 8 0.315 0.375 3/8in. 10 0.394 0.438 7/16in. 12 0.472

ตารางแปลงหนวยของโบลตFastenerDlameters-ANSI-UnifiedlnchVsANSI-ISOMetricSizes

MetricSizes, luchEqivalent Unifiedlnch mm Sizes 0.500 1/2in. 14 0.551 0.536 9/16in. 0.625 5/8in. 16 0630 0.750 3/4in. 20 0.784 0.875 7/8in. 24 0.945 1.000 1in. 1.125 11/8in. 30 1.181 1.250 11/2in. 1.375 13/8in. 36 1.417 1.500 11/2in. 42 1.654 1.750 1/34in. 48 1.890 2.000 2in. 56 2.205 2.250 21/4in. 2.500 21/2in. 64 2.520

gastondRo=8.3143KJ/Kmc/KN/M2=PaStandardPressure1.013X105N/M2=101.3KpaM/S=3.28fpsn=(120=f)p


GeneralMetricConversionFactorsLengths: Volume:1inch = 25.4mm = 0.0254m 1in3 = 16.3871cm3

1foot = 304.8mm = 0.3048m 1yd3 = 0.7646m3

1yard = 914.4mm = 0.9144m 1ft = 0.0283m3

1mile = 1609.0m = 1.609km1nauticalmile = 1852.0m = 1.852km

Area: Contents:1in2 = 0.00064516 m2 =6.45cm2 1barrel = 159.0litres1ft2 = 0.0929m2 1UKgal = 4.55litres1yd2 = 0.836m2 1USgal = 3.785litres1acer = 4047.0m2 Temperature Conversion:1sq.mile = 2.5899km2

1m2 = 1.550.0031in2

Weight: 1lb =0.454kg1cwt =50.80kg1(lond)ton =1016.0kg1(short) =907.2kg1kn =225lb

ConversionTableForPressure1kg/cm2 = 0.981 bar = 14.223lb/in2 1mmHg=1torr1kg/cm2 = 0.981 bar = 14.223psi1kg/cm2 = 0.981 bar = 14.223psig1bar = 1.0197 kbf/cm2 = 14.503psi1bar = 100 kPa = 100,000Pa(=N/m2) = 0.1Mpa1bar = 1000 mbar = 750.06mmHg = 29.53inHg1mbar = 0.402 inH20 = 100Pa = 0.750mm(Hg=Torr)1kPa = 0.01 bar = 10mbar = 1000Pa=0.145psi1MPa = 1000 kPa = 10bar = 10,000mbar=145.0psi

GlossaryofPressureUnitskg/cm2 = kilograms-forcepersqcm mmHg =Millimetresofmercurykgf/cm2 = kilograms-forcepersqcm inHg =Incherofmercurykp/cm2 = Kilopoundpersqcm inH20 =Inchesofwaterlb/ib2 = Lbspersqinch Torr =Torrpsi = Pound-forcepersqinch H/m2 =Newtonspersqmetrepsig = pound-forcepersqinchguage kPa =Kilopascalsbar = Bar Pa =Pascalsmbar = Millibar MPa =Megapascals

C = (F-32)x5 9

F = CX9 +32 5

K =oC+273

Velocity(M/S)=Flowrate(l/h)x0.35344 ID2(mm)

flowrate(l/h)=Velecity(M/S)xID2(mm) 0.35344


TorqueConversionFactors(multiply)

▲▲

▲ ▲

▲

▲

▲ ▲

▲▲

lbfin 0.113 1.35

8.85

86.8

0.012

Nm

Kgm

0.74

7.233

0.138

ftlb

9.806

0.102

กฎรวมgas Idealgas

V α(T,nคงท) Pv=nRT

V αT(P,nคงท)

V α R=3.314Jmol-1k-1

PV=K

V αn(P,Tคงท)

n=จำานวนโมล

1P

TP


SteamTable p t v” h” r p t v” h” r bar oC kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg bar oC kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg 1.0 99.6 1.694 2675 2258 7.5 167.8 0.2555 2765 2056 1.1 102.3 1.549 2680 2251 8.0 170.4 0.2403 2768 2047 1.2 104.8 1.428 2683 2244 8.5 172.9 0.2268 2770 2038 1.3 107.1 1.325 2687 2238 9.0 175.4 0.2148 2772 2030 1.4 109.3 1.236 2690 2232 9.5 177.7 0.2040 2774 2021 1.5 111.4 1.159 2693 2226 10 179.9 0.1943 2776 2014 1.6 113.3 1.091 2696 2221 11 184.1 0.1774 2780 1999 1.7 115.2 1.031 2699 2216 12 188.0 0.1632 2783 1984 1.8 116.9 0.9771 2702 2211 13 191.6 0.1511 2785 1971 1.9 118.6 0.9288 2704 2206 14 195.0 0.1407 2788 1958 2.0 120.2 0.8853 2706 2202 15 198.3 0.1316 2790 1945 2.1 121.8 0.8458 2709 2197 16 201.4 0.1237 2792 1933 2.2 123.3 0.8097 2711 2193 17 204.3 0.1166 2793 1921 2.3 124.7 0.7767 2713 2189 18 207.1 0.1103 2795 1910 2.4 126.1 0.7464 2715 2185 19 209.8 0.1046 2796 1898 2.5 127.4 0.7184 2716 2181 20 212.4 0.09952 2797 1889 2.6 128.7 0.6925 2718 2177 21 214.9 0.09488 2798 1878 2.7 130.0 0.6684 2720 2174 22 217.3 0.09064 2799 1868 2.8 131.2 0.6460 2722 2170 23 219.6 0.08676 2800 1858 2.9 132.4 0.6251 2723 2167 24 221.8 0.08319 2800 1849 3.0 133.5 0.6056 2725 2163 25 223.9 0.07990 2801 1839 3.2 135.8 0.5700 2728 2157 26 226.0 0.07685 2801 1839 3.4 137.9 0.5385 2730 2151 27 228.1 0.07402 2802 1821 3.6 139.9 0.5104 2733 2144 28 230.1 0.07139 2802 1812 3.8 141.8 0.4851 2735 2139 29 232.0 0.06893 2802 1808 4.0 143.6 0.4623 2738 2133 30 233.8 0.06663 2802 1794 4.2 145.4 0.4416 2740 2128 32 237.4 0.06244 2802 1777 4.4 147.1 0.4227 2742 2122 34 240.9 0.05873 2802 1761 4.6 148.7 0.4053 2744 2117 36 244.2 0.05542 2802 1744 4.8 150.3 0.3894 2746 2112 38 247.3 0.05244 2801 1729 5.0 151.8 0.3747 2748 2108 40 250.3 0.04975 2800 1713 5.5 155.5 0.3425 2752 2096 42 253.2 0.04731 2800 1698 6.0 158.5 0.3155 2756 2085 44 256.0 0.04508 2798 1683 6.5 162.0 0.2925 2759 2075 46 258.7 0.04304 2797 1668 7.0 164.9 0.2727 2762 2065 48 261.4 0.04116 2796 1654 50 263.9 0.03943 2794 1640

Pressurep(bar)isabsolute

Torr mbar

1 1.333 2 2.666 3 4.000 4 5.333 5 6.666 6 7.999 7 9.332 8 10.666 9 11.999 10 13.332

1 =1 Pa

1bar =1.105

1 =0.102

1bar =1020 at

1mbar =0750 Torr

1kJ =0.2388 kcal

1W =0.8598

Nm2

Nm2

Nm2

kpm2

kcalh

1Pa =1

1 =1.105 bar

1 =9.807

1at =0.981 bar

1Torr =1.333 mbar

1kcal =4.1868 kJ

1 =0.8598 W

Nm2

Nm2

Nm2

kpm2

kcalh


BasicPropertiesofPlastics

Item Unit RigidPVC Heat-resistantPolypropylene Vinyidene (UPVC) (CPVC) (PP) fluoride (PVDF)Pecificgravity - 1.43 1.5 0.92 1.78Waterabsorption mg/cm2 0.1andless 0.15andless0.01andless0.03andlessTensilestrength kgf/cm2 500andover500andover280andover500andoverTensilestrength kgf/cm2 - 250andover150andover250andover(at90oC)TensileModulus kgf/cm2 3x104 3.2x104 1.2x104 1.5x104

Bendingstrength kgf/cm2 900andover900andover350andover900andoverPoisson’sratio - 0.38 0.35 0.44 0.28Charpyimpactstrength kgr-cm/cm2 7~10 4~5 7~10 18~20Heatdistortiontemperature oC 74 110 105 145(4.6kgf/W)Temperaturelimitfor oC 60 90 90 120continuousserviceLinearthermalcoefficient /oC 7x10-5 7x10-5 12x10-5 12x10-5

ofexpensionThermalconductivity kcal/mgoC 0.13 0.12 0.08 0.11Electricstrength kv/mm 40andover 40andover 26 30Specificvolumeresistance cm 5.3x1015 5.3x1015 4.9x1015 5x1015

U.SMeshtoMicronParticleSizeConversion

U.S.Mesh lnches Microns U.S.Mesh lnches Microns 3 .265 6730 40 0.165 420 31/2 .223 5560 45 0.138 354 4 .187 4760 50 .0117 297 5 .157 4000 60 .0098 250 6 .132 3360 70 .0083 210 7 .111 2830 80 .0070 177 8 .0937 2380 100 .0059 149 10 .0787 2000 120 .0049 125 12 .0661 1680 140 .0041 105 14 .0555 1410 170 .0035 88 16 .0469 1190 200 .0029 74 18 .0394 1000 230 .0024 63 20 .0331 841 270 .0021 53 25 .0280 707 325 .0017 44 30 .0232 595 400 .0015 37 35 .0197 500


ViscosityC

onversionChart

CPS

Tempe

rature=77oF

ViscosityM

easurement

10

20

50

100

200

500

1000

2000

5000

10,000

20,000

50,000

Metho

d

ASTM

,07

72

143

357

715

1430

3750

7150

14,300

35,700

ASTM

,10

42

104

208

417

1041

2080

4170

10,410

ASTM

,15

24

48

95

238

476

953

2,380

ASTM

,20

8

16

33

82

164

328

820

ASTM

,25

714

36

72

143

357

Broo

dfield

10

20

50

100

200

500

1000

2000

5000

10,000

20,000

50,000

Demmler#1

32

63

156

312

Demmler#10

3

615

31En

gler(de

grees)

14

27

68

137

274

685

1370

2,740

6,850

Engler(sec.)

690

1300

3460

7000

4,000

70,500

Ford#3

42

84

208

416

834

2081

4160

8,340

20,810

Ford#4

30

55

135

270

540

1350

2700

5,400

13,500

Fisher#1

20

30Fisher#2

15

24

50Gardn

er-Holdt(units)

A-3

A-2

AD

H

SW

Y-Z

Z3

Z5

Z6-Z7

Z7-Z8

Gardn

er-Holdt(sec.)

5

10

20

50

100

200

500

Gardn

er-Vertical(sec.)

5

10

20

50

100

200

500

Kreb

s-Stormer(units)

85

105

140

67

85

105

140

Parlin7

77

154

385

770

1540

3850

7700

15,400

38,500

Parlin10

21

42

104

208

416

1040

2080

4,160

10,400

Parlin15

10

25

47

93

232

465

930

2,320

Parlin20

8

17

33

83

167

333

833

Parlin25

15

36

72

143

357

Parlin30

19

38

77

192

SayboltFu

rol

24

48

96

238

476

954

2380

4760

9,540

23,800

SayboltUniversal(SU

S)

96

238

476

954

2380

4760

9540

23,800

47,600

95,400

ZahnG

1

38

60

100

267

667

1332

2670

6670

13,320

26,700

66,700

ZahnG

2

16

24

42

82

161

323

645

1610

3,230

6,450

16,100

ZahnG

3

27

58

113

204

510

1,020

2,040

5,100

ZahnG

4

19

38

71

160

400

800

1,600

4,000

ZahnG

5

13

27

50

97

212

424

848

2,120


Chemicals Concent- Temper- Material ration ature PVC CPVC PP PVDF PTFE EPDM FPM (%) (oc)Sodiumchloride Satruated 40 • • • • • • • Water 60 • • • • • • • Solution 80 • • • • • •Hydrochioricacid 35 40 • • • • • • • 60 o • • • • • • 80 o o • o o oCausticsoda 50 40 • • • o • • x 60 • • • ▲ • o 80 • o x • ▲

Chromicacid 20 40 • • x • • o • 60 o • • • x o 80 o • • oAceticacid 50 40 o o o • • o o 60 ▲ ▲ ▲ • • o 80 x o • ▲

Sodahypochlorite 13 40 • • ▲ • • x o 60 o o o • 80 x •Nitricacid 50 40 o o • • • x o 60 o ▲ ▲ • • ▲

80 x ▲ x o • xToluene 40 x x ▲ • • x 60 x o • 80 ▲ •HydrogenSulfide Aqueous 40 • • • • • • • Solution 60 • • • • • • o 80 • • • • •Sulfuricacid 90 40 o • • • • o • 60 o o o • • ▲ • 80 ▲ o • • x o

•Notaffected,oNegligiblyaffected,▲Slightlyaffectedbutserviceable,xNotserviceable

ChemicalResistanceofMaterial


Material Abbreviation Gerneralchemicalresistance Max.Service Temperatrre Continuous Short HoursRigid PVC Resistantagainstmostofacids,alkalisand 50C~50oC 60oCPolyvinyl saltsofhightolowconcentrationlevel.Chloride However,thematerialtendstobeattackedby(RigidPVC) somechemicals–suchasaromatic hydrocarbon,ketones,estersandchlorinated hydrocarbonHeat-resistant CPVC Resistancepropertiesarenearlythesameas 00C~90oC 100oCRigidPolyvinyl rigidPVC.Havingahibhheatresistance,thisisChloride serviceableinthetemperaturerangehigher(Heatresistant thantheformer’sPVC)Polypropylene PP Notstableagainststrongacidssuchas 00C~90oC 100oC Concentratednitricacidandchromeacid mixture,butthisisresistantagainstotheracids, alkalisandsalts.Resistantagainstmany organicsolvents(specifi-callythesolventwith activegroup),buttendstobeattackedby chlorine-containingsolvents,aliphaticseries andaromatichydro-carbon.Vinylidene PVDF Highlyresistantuptoahightemperaturerange -200C~150oC 150oCFluoride againstordinaryacids&saltsandorganic chemicals,butbrokendownbyfumingsulfuric acidandstrongbasicamines.Also,theuse conditionswithketone,amide,ester,organic solventadalkaliarelimited.Ethylene EPDM Providedwithanexcellentozone-resistance -100C~130oC 150oCPropylene andchemical-resistance.ComparativelyRubber resistantagainstketoneandester,butless resistantagainstaromatic&alphaticfamilies, andgasolineandoil.Polytetra- PTFE Resistantagainstordinaryacidandalkali,and -200C~250oC 300oCfluoroethylene notdissolvednorchangedbyordinarysolvent(Tradename, medium.AttackedbymeltedalkalimetalandinTeflon®) ahightemperature,byfluorineandchlorine trifluoride.Fluororubber FPM Mostchemical-resistantamongallrubber -50C~150oC 200oC(Tradename, families.HasagoodresistanceagainststrongViton®) oxidizingacidsuchasconcentratedsulfuricacid andnitricacid;resistantagainstaliphaticand aromaticfamiliesandoils,butattackedby ketones,ammoniaanhydride,concentrated causticsoda,.etc.

ReferenceRangeofTemperature


NEMARatings,EnclosureClassificationsandTypesNEMA Type 1: Generalpurose:intendedforindooruseprimarilytoprovideadegreeofprotectionagainstcontactWiththeenclosedpartsinlocationswithoutunusualservicecongitions.NEMA Type 2: Dripproof:intendedforindooruseprimarilytoprovideadegreeofprotectionagainstlimitedamountsoffallingwaterordirt.NEMA Type 3: Raintignt,dust/ghtandsleet(ice)resistant:intendedforoutdooruseprimarilytoprovideadegreeofprotectionagains!windblowndust,rainandsleet;undamagedbytheformationoficeontheenclosure.NEMA Type 3S: Raintight,dusttightandsleet(ice)resistant:intendedforoutdooruseprimarilytoprovideadegreeofprotectionagainstwindblowndust,rainandsleet;externalmechanismremainsoperablewheniceladen.NEMA Type 3R: Rainproof,sleet(ice)resistant:intendedforoutdooruseprimarilytoprovideadegreeofprotectionagainstfallingrainandsleet,undamagedbytheformationoficeontheenclosure.NEMA Type 4: Watertightanddusttight:intendedforindoororoutdoorusetoprovideadegreeofprotectionagainstsplashingwater,waterseepage,fallingorhosedirectedwaterandsevereexternalcondensation,undamagedbytheformationoficeontheenclosure.NEMA Type 4X: Watertight,dusttightandcorrosionresistant:sameasType4enclosure,butprovidesadditionalprotectiontoresistcorrosion.NEMA Type 6: Submersible:intendedforindoororoutdoorusetoprovideadegreeofprotectionagainstentryofwaterduringsubmersionatalimiteddepth.NEMA Type 6P: Submersible;sameasType6enclosure,butprovidesprolongedsubmersionprotectionatalimiteddepth.NEMA Type 7(A,B,C AND D): Explosionproof,Class1,Division1,GroupsA,B,CandDhazardouslocations:designedtocontainandinternalexplosionwithoutcausinganexternalhazardwheninstalledintheindicatedatmospheresandlocations.Class1,Division1locationsarethoseinwhichhazardousatmospheresare,ormaybe,presentundernormaloperatingconditions. TheseenclosuresarealsosuitableforClass1,Divisiondlocationsinwhichhazardousatmospheresarepresentonlyincaseofaccidentalruptureorbreakdownofequipment,orabnormaloperation.Type1generalpurposeenclosuresmaybepermittedinaClass1,Division2locationsubjecttotheapprovalauthority.(ref;nationalelectricalcode501-3,b3). Groupdesignationsaredescribedinnationalbuildingcodeasfollows: GroupA–atmospherescontainingacetylene. GroupB–atmospherescontaininghydrogen. GroupC–atmospherescontainingethylethervapors,ethyleneorcyclopropane. GroupD–atmospherescontaininggasoline,hexane,naphtha,benzene,benzol,lacquer,solventVaporsornaturalgas.NEMA Type 9(E,F AND G): Dustignitionproof,Classii,groupsE,FandGhazardouslocations: Designedtopreventtheentranceofdust,andtheencloseddevisesdonotproducesufficientheattocauseexternalsurfacetemperaturescapableofignitingdustontheenclosureorinthesurroundingatmosphere.Classii,Division1locationsarethoseinwhichcombustibledustis,ormaybe,presentundernormaloperatingconditions.TheseenclosuresarealsosuitableforClassii,Division2locationsinwhichhazardousdustispresentonlyunderabnormalconditions. Thegroupdesignationsaredescribedinthenationalelectricalcodeasfollows: GroupE–atmospherescontainingmetaldust,includingaluminum,magnesiumtheircommercialalloys,andothermetalsofsimilarlyhazardouscharacteristics. GroupF–atmospherescontainingcarbonblack,coalorcokedust. GroupG–atmospherescontainingflour,starchorgraindust.


คาการนำากระแสสงสดของสายไฟฟาcablesize currentcapacity of70oC750Vcableat40oCambienttemperature PVC/sheathedcable PVC/sheathedcable PVC/sheathedcable inconduit inconduit directburied inair/concrete underground underground noofcable noofcable noofcable 1-3 4-6 1-3 4-6 1-3 4-6 0.5 7 6 1 10 8 15 12 21 17 1.5 13 11 18 15 26 21 2.5 17 14 24 20 34 28 4 22 18 31 25 45 37 6 30 25 40 33 56 46 10 42 34 52 43 75 61 16 54 44 68 56 97 80 25 73 60 89 73 125 103 35 92 75 109 89 150 123 50 109 89 130 107 177 145 70 139 114 161 132 216 177 95 173 142 200 164 259 212 120 202 166 231 189 294 241 150 228 187 266 218 330 271 185 263 216 303 248 372 305 240 317 260 361 296 431 353 300 358 294 418 343 487 399 400 439 360 489 401 552 453 500 496 407 562 461 623 511


จำานวนสายสงสดภายในทอรอยสายไฟฟา cable conduitsize size 12.5mm 19mm 25mm 32mm 38mm 50mm 60mm 75mm 90mm 100 mm 1/2in 3/4in 1in 11/4in11/2in 2in 21/2in 3in 31/2in 4in 0.5 1 6 10 18 31 45 1.5 5 10 14 25 35 2.5 3 5 9 16 22 38 4 3 5 7 13 18 30 47 6 2 4 5 10 14 23 36 48 10 1 3 4 6 9 15 22 32 44 50 16 1 2 3 4 5 9 14 21 28 37 25 3 4 7 11 16 22 28 35 2 3 5 8 13 18 23 50 1 2 4 6 9 13 16 70 1 1 3 5 8 10 13 95 1 1 2 3 6 8 10 120 1 1 2 3 6 8 10 150 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 185 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 240 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 300 1 1 1 3 4 5 400 1 1 1 3 4 500 1 1 1 2 3


output ACthreephasesdirectonlinestarter(DOL) currentat circuit cableandconduit voltagedrop kW HP PF 380VAC breaker fromstartertomotor maxdistance(m) 5% 3% 2%0.18 0.25 0.68 0.71 3P,15A 3-2.5/2.5G.,dia3/4inor19mm 2570 15.. 10300.25 0.35 0.71 0.92 3P,15A 3-2.5/2.5G.,dia3/4inor19mm 1900 11.. 7600.37 0.5 0.73 1.1 3P,15A 3-2.5/2.5G.,dia3/4inor19mm 1545 9.. 6200.55 0.75 0.74 1.6 3P,15A 3-2.5/2.5G.,dia3/4inor19mm 1050 6.. 4200.75 1 0.74 2.1 3P,15A 3-2.5/2.5G.,dia3/4inor19mm 800 4.. 320

1.1 1.5 0.75 3.1 3P,15A 3-2.5/2.5G.,dia3/4inor19mm 535 3.. 214 1.5 2 0.78 4 3P,15A 3-2.5/2.5G.,dia3/4inor19mm 399 2.. 160 2.2 3 0.78 5.5 3P,15A 3-2.5/2.5G.,dia3/4inor19mm 290 1.. 116 3 4 0.82 6.7 3P,15A 3-2.5/2.5G.,dia3/4inor19mm 227 1.. 91 4 5.5 0.81 8.8 3P,20A 3-4/4G.,dia3/4inor19mm 279 1.. 112

5.5 7.5 0.85 11.6 3P,20A 3-4/4G.,dia3/4inor19mm 202 1.. 81 7.5 10 0.86 14.8 3P,30A 3-6/6G.,dia3/4inor19mm 234 1.. 93 11 15 0.82 23.6 3P,50A 3-6/6G.,dia3/4inor19mm 153 92 61 15 20 0.82 31 3P,60A 3-10/6G.,dia1inor25mm 194 1.. 7718.5 25 0.85 36.5 3P,80A 3-16/10G.,dia11/4inor32mm 254 1.. 100

22 30 0.85 43.5 3P,80A 3-16/10G.,dia11/4inor32mm 210 1.. 84 30 40 0.87 58 3P,100A 3-25/10G.,dia11/2inor38mm 240 1.. 96 37 50 0.83 74 3P,150A 3-50/16G.,dia2inor50mm 265 1.. 106 45 60 0.84 89 3P,175A 3-70/16G.,dia21/2inor50mm 288 1.. 115 55 75 0.87 104 3P,225A 3-70/35G.,dia21/2inor50mm 335 2.. 134

75 100 0.88 139 3P,250A 3-120/35G.,dia3inor75mm 330 1.. 132 90 125 0.88 185 3P,400A 3-185/35G.,dia3inor75mm 422 2.. 169 110 150 0.86 209 3P,400A 3-185/35G.,dia3inor75mm 372 2.. 149 132 175 0.86 245 3P,500A 3-240/50G.,dia33/4inor90mm 384 2.. 153 160 220 0.86 300 3P,600A 3-400/50G.,dia4inor100mm 439 2.. 176 200 275 0.86 373 3P,700A 2(3-185/35G.,dia3inor75mm) 417 2.. 167 220 300 0.88 400 3P,800A 2(3-185/35G.,dia3inor75mm) 390 2.. 155 260 350 0.88 460 3P,1000A 2(3-240/35G.,dia33/4inor90mm) 412 2.. 165 300 400 0.88 525 3P,1000A 2(3-240/35G.,dia33/4inor90mm) 419 2.. 167

ขนาดสาย,ทอ,CBตามขนาดมอเตอรท1


output ACthreephasesdirectonlinestarter(DOL) currentat circuit cableandconduit voltagedrop kW HP PF 380VAC breaker fromstartertomotor maxdistance(m) 5% 3% 2%

5.5 7.5 0.85 11.6 3P,20A 6-4/4G.,dia1inor25mm 351 210 140 7.5 10 0.86 14.8 3P,30A 6-6/6G.,dia11/4inor32mm 405 243 162 11 15 0.82 23.6 3P,50A 6-6/6G.,dia11/4inor32mm 265 159 106 15 20 0.82 31 3P,60A 6-6/6G.,dia11/4inor32mm 202 121 8118.5 25 0.85 36.5 3P,80A 6-10/10G.,dia11/2inor38mm 277 166 111

22 30 0.85 43.5 3P,80A 6-10/10G.,dia11/2inor38mm 232 139 93 30 40 0.87 58 3P,100A 6-16/10G.,dia2inor50mm 268 161 107 37 50 0.83 74 3P,125A 6-25/16G.,dia2inor50mm 338 203 135 45 60 0.84 89 3P,150A 6-35/16G.,dia21/2inor50mm 379 190 126 55 75 0.87 104 3P,175A 6-35/16G.,dia21/2inor60mm 316 190 126

75 100 0.88 139 3P,225A 6-70/35G.,dia3inor75mm 432 259 173 90 125 0.88 185 3P,300A 6-95/35G.,dia31/2inor88mm 430 258 172 110 150 0.86 209 3P,400A 6-120/35G.,dia31/2inor88mm465 279 186 132 175 0.86 245 3P,400A 6-150/35G.,dia31/2inor88mm466 280 186 160 220 0.86 300 3P,500A 6-185/50G.,dia4inor100mm 449 269 179 160 220 0.86 300 3P,500A 6-150/50G.,inwireway200mm(option) 381 228 152

200 275 0.86 373 3P,600A 6-240/50G.,inwireway200mm 436 261 175 220 300 0.88 400 3P,700A 6-240/70G.,inwireway200mm 338 202 135 260 350 0.88 460 3P,800A 6-300/70G.,inwireway300mm 345 207 138 300 400 0.88 525 3P,1000A 6-400/70G.,inwireway300mm 368 220 147



output ACthreephasesdirectonlinestarter(DOL) currentat circuit cableandconduit voltagedrop kW HP PF 380VAC breaker fromstartertomotor maxdistance(m) 5% 3% 2%0.18 0.25 0.6 2.3 1P,15A 2-2.5/2.5G.,dia1/2inor12.7mm 449 … 1800.25 0.35 0.6 3 1P,15A 2-2.5/2.5G.,dia1/2inor12.7mm 344 … 1380.37 0.5 0.7 4 1P,15A 2-2.5/2.5G.,dia1/2inor12.7mm 222 … 890.55 0.75 0.7 5 1P,15A 2-2.5/2.5G.,dia1/2inor12.7mm 178 … 710.75 1 0.7 7 1P,15A 2-2.5/2.5G.,dia1/2inor12.7mm 127 … 50 1.1 1.5 0.7 8.8 1P,20A 2-4/4G.,dia1/2inor12.7mm 161 96 64 1.5 2 0.7 12 1P,30A 2-6/6G.,dia3/4inor19mm 118 71 47 2.2 3 0.7 17.5 1P,40A 2-6/6G.,dia3/4inor19mm 120 72 48 3 4 0.75 22.5 1P,40A 2-6/6G.,dia3/4inor19mm 87 52 35 4 5.5 0.75 28 1P,60A 2-10/6G.,dia3/4inor19mm 117 73 46



ตารางแสดงขนาดสาย,ทอและCBตามขนาดมเตอรไฟฟา cableinconduit cableinwireway kWhmeter maxload CBrating cable conduit cable wireway (mm2) (in) (mm2) (mmxmm) 1P,15(45)A 30A 2P,50A 2-16/6G 1 1P,30(100)A 75A 2P,100A 2-50/10G 2 1P,50(150)A 100A 2P,125A 2-70/16G 2 3P,15(45)A 30A 3P,50A 4-2516G 2 4-16/6G 50x50 3P,30(100)A 75A 3P,100A 4-70/10G 2 4-50/10G 100x100 3P,50(150)A 100A 3P,125A 4-95/16G 2½ 4-70/16G 100x100 3P,200A 200A 3P,250A 4-240/35G 3 4-185/35G 100x100 3P,400A 400A 3P,500A 2x(4-185/25G) 2x4 2x(2-185/25G) 200x100

สายดนตามขนาดCB maxratingofCB(AT) groundconductor(sqmm) 15 2.5 20 4 30-60 6 100 40 200 16 400 35 600 50 800-100 70 1200 95 1600 120 2000 150 2500 185 3000 240 4000 300 5000 400 6000 500


คณสม

บตขอ

งหลอ

ดไฟฟ

า

คณ

สมบต

หล

อดไส

halogen

SL

PL

fluorescent

high

high

metal

low

high

pressure

pressure

halide

pressure

pressure

mercury

mercury

sodium

mercury

(selfba

llast)

lum

inou

sfluxlm

250to

10000to

450to

400to

150to

3100to

2000to

19000to

18000to

3300to

4000

0 45

000

1200

90

0 53

00

1400

0 12

5000

18

7000

33

000

1300

00

efficacylm/W

10to20

22

41to50

59to78

38to91

19to28

40to63

75to95

100to18370to130

(withou

tba

llast)

ratingW

25to2000500to2000

9to25

7to11

4to65

160to50050to2000250to2000

18to180

50to1000

lightcolou

rwarm-w

hitew

arm-w

hitew

arm-w

hitew

arm-w

hitew

arm-w

hite

inter-

inter-

cool

warm-w

hitew

arm-w

hite

interm

ediate

med

iate

med

iate

cool

colourrende

ring

excellent

excellent

good

go

od

excellentto

mod

erate

mod

erate

excellenttono

n-existent

poor

mod

erate

good

ba

llast

none

none

built-in

choke

choke

none

choke

choke

hybrid

choke

starter/ign

itor

none

none

built-in

bu

ilt-in

starteror

none

none

ignitor

sepa

rateor

ignitor

starterless

bu

ilt-in

to

sepa

rateor

ballast

built-in

to

lamp

run-up

timemin

zero

zero

zero

zero

zero

zeroto2

33

10

5restriketimemin

zero

zero

zero

zero

zero

55

10

2<1


ความเขม ของแสง (lux)บรเวณทวไปในอาคารcirculationareas,corridors 100stairs.Escalators 150cloakrooms,toilets 150stores,stockrooms 150 บรเวณประกอบอปกรณroughwork:heavymachineryassembly 300mediumwork:engineassembly, 500vehiclebodyassemblyfinework:electronicandoffice 750machineryassemblyveryfinework:instrumentassembly 1500

บรเวณงานเคมGeneralinteriorplantareas 300automaticprocesses 150controlrooms,laboratories 500pharmaceuticalmanufacture 500inspection 750colourmatching 1000rubbertyremanufacturing 500

โรงงานเสอผาสำาเรจรปsewing 750inspection 1000pressing 500

อตสาหกรรมไฟฟาcablemanufacturing 300assemblyoftelephonesets 500windingassembly 750assemblyofradioandtelevisionreceivers 1000assemblyofultra-precisionparts, 1500electroniccomponents อตสาหกรรมไฟฟาgeneralworkingareas 300automaticprocesses 200handdecorating,inspection 500

คาความเขมของแสงสำาหรบงานลกษณะตางๆ

ความเขม ของแสง (lux)งานหลอโลหะfoundrybays 200roughmoulding,roughcoremaking 300finemoulding,coremaking,inspection 500

อตสาหกรรมแกวfurnacerooms 150mixingrooms,forming,moulding,kinrooms 300finishing,enameling,glazing 500colouring,decorating 750grinding,lensesandcrystalglassware, 1000finework

อตสาหกรรมเหลกproductionplantsnotrequiringmanual 100interventionproductionplantsrequiringoccasional 150interventionpermanentlyoccupiedworkstationsin 300productionplantscontrolplatformsandinspection 500

อตสาหกรรมเครองหนงgeneralworkingareas 300pressing,cutting,sewing,shoe 750productiongrading,matching,qualitycontrol 1000

งานเครองกลcasualwork 200roughbenchandmachinework,welding 300mediumbenchandmachinework,ordinary 500automaticmachinesfinebenchandmachinework,fineautomatic 750machines,inspectionandtestingveryfinework,gaugingandinspection 1500ofsmallintricateparts




ความเขม ของแสง (lux)งานสdipping,roughspraying 300ordinarypainting,sprayingandfinishing 500finepainting,sprayingandfinishing 750retouchingandmatching 1000

โรงงานกระดาษpaperandboardmaking 300automaticprocesses 200inspection,sorting 500

งานพมพPrintingmachineroom 500composingrooms,proofreading 750precisionproofing,retouching,etc. 1000colourreproductionandprinting 1500steelandcopperengraving 2000bookbinding 500trimming,embossing 750

อตสาหกรรมสงทอbalebreaking,carding,drawing 300spinning,winding,reeling,combing, 500dyeingbeaming,spinning(finecounts), 750twisting,weavingsewing,burling,inspection 1000

งานไมsawmills 200benchwork,assembly 300woodmachining 500finishing,finalinspection 750

สำานกงานgeneraloffices,typing,computerrooms 500deep-plangeneraloffices 750drawingoffices 750conferencerooms 500


ความเขม ของแสง (lux)สถานศกษาclassrooms,lecturetheatres 300laboratories,libraries,libraries,readingrooms, 500artrooms

รานคาและศนยแสดงสนคาconventionalshops 300self-serviceshop 500supermarkets 750showrooms 50museumsandartgalleries: light-sensitiveexhibits 150 exhibitsinsensitivetolight 300

อาคารสาธารณะทวไปcinemas auditorium 50 foyer 150theatresandconcerthalls 100 auditiorium foyer 200sacredbuildings nave 100 choir 150

บานและโรงแรมhome:bedrooms general 50 bed-head 200bathrooms general 100 shaving,make-up 500living-rooms general 100 reading,sewing 500stairs 100kitchens general 300 workingareas 500



ความเขม ของแสง (lux)workroom 300nursery 150hotels:entrancehalls 300diningrooms 200kitchens 500bedrooms,bathrooms general 100 local 300

โรงพยาบาลwards generallighting 100 examination 300 reading 200 circulationatnight 5examinationrooms generallighting 500 localinspection 1000


ความเขม ของแสง (lux)intensivetherapy bedhead 50 observation 750nurses’stations 300operatingtheatres generallighting 500 local 30000autopsyrooms generallighting 750 local 10000laboratoriesandpharmacies generallighting 500 local 750consultingrooms generallighting 500 local 750


Heat Transmission Q

S =m.Cp.∆T

QT =m.∆H

m =weightofair,lb C

P =0.24,specificheatofdryair,Btu.lbda

∆T =T.room–T.supplyair,TR-T

S,oF

∆H =enthalpy,H.mixair–H.supplyair,HM-H

S,Btu.ldda

Room Sensible Heat, QSR,Btu/hr

QS =1.08CFMt(TR-T

S)Btu/hr

Total Latent Heat, QLT,Btu/hr

QLT =4840CFM

T∆Wbtu/hr

=0.68CFMT∆GBtu/hr

∆W =humidityratio,WM-W

S,lb/lbda

∆G =humidityratio,GM-G

S,grain/lbda

Total Heat, QT,Btu/hr

QT = Q

SR+Q

LR+Q

TOA =4.5CFM

T∆H

T Q

TOA =45CFM

OA∆H

OA H

T =H

M-H

S,Btu/lbda

HOA =H

OA-H

R,Btu/lbda

Subscript s atsupplyairconditionSubscript r atroomconditionSubscript m atmixedairconditionSubscript oa atoutsideairconditionSubscript t meanstotal

Room Sensible Heat Ratio

SHR =

=

=0.24

=0.24

Mixed Air CFM, CFMT

DFMT = CFM

RET+CFM

OA CFM

RET= returnairCFM

Mixed Air Temp,TM,oF

TM

= TR+(T

OA-T

R)

TM

= TOA-(T

OA-T

R)

QSR

QTR

QSR

QTR+ Q

TR

∆T∆H

RTR-T

S

HR-H

S

CFMOA

CFMT

CFMRET

CFMT

การคำานวณHeattransferและสตรHeatload


Supply Air for Cooling,CFMT

CFMT

=

Supply Air for Dehumidification,CFMT

CFMT

=

=

Require Ventilating CFM,CFMV

CFMT

=

Maximum Moisture Content of Supply Air

WS = W

R-

GS = G

S -

WS = humidityratio,supplyair,lb

w/lbda

WR = maximumdesiredroomhumidityratio,lbw/lbda

QLR = roomlatentheat,Btuh

CFMT= primaryairsupplytoroom G

S = humidityratio,supplyair,grain/lbda

GR = maximumdesiredroomhumidityratio,grain/lbda

Coll Condensate Water(Wcond

),h\gallon/hr

(Wcond

) =

= gallon/hr

CFM = airflowthroughcoil∆G=G

m-G

sG

m = humidityratioofairatenteringcondition,grain/lbda

Gs = humidityratioofairatleavingcondition,grain/lbda

Condensing Water Require(W)

W =

W = volumeofcondensingwater,GPM Q = heattoberemovedincondenser,Btuh t

1 = tempofwaterenteringcondenser,oF

t2 = tempofwaterleavingcondenser,oF

QSR

1.08 (T

R-T

S)

QLR

4840 (W

R-W

S)

QLR

0.68 (G

R-G

S)

cuIfroomvolxno.ofairchangeperhour60

QLR

4840 CFM

T

QLR

0.68 CFM

T

4.5 CFM

T∆G

7000X8.33

CFMT∆G

12957.7

Q500

(t

2-t

1)

การคำานวณHeattransferและสตรHeatload(ตอ)


Conductivity (K)RepresenttheBtuthatwillbetransmittedthroughonesquarefootofthewall(orsurface)InonehourifthereisatemperaturedifferenceononedegreeF,ifthematerialisone-inchthickness(unitBtu/hr-sqft–oF–in)

Conductance (C),Btu/hr–sqItisusedtoindicateheattransferthroughawallmadeofdifferencesubstance

C =,=

X = thicknessofmaterialininches

Thermal Resistance (R)Itistheresistancetoheattransfer

R ==+++......

=

Overall Coefficient of Heat Transfer (U)Btu/hr-sgft-oFItistherateofheattransferfromonesidetotheothersideofsubstance.For Flat Plate

U = +++++C

A+

f0 =outsideairfilm,Btu/hr-sqft

X =thicknessofmaterialininches K =conductivityofmaterial,Btu/hr-sqft-oF-in C =conductanceofmaterial,But/hr-sqft-oF C

a =airspaceconductanceinBtu/hr-sqft-oF

f1 =insideairfilm,Btu/hr-sqft

For Round Pipe U = + +++

f1 =conductanceofinsidefilm,Btuhr-sqft

f0 =conductanceofoutsidefilm,Btuhr-sqft

Rs =outerradiusofoutermostinsulation,inch

R1 =innerradiusofinnermostinsulation,inch

R2 = innerradiusofthematerialfrominnermostone,ft

K1 = conductivityofinnermostmaterial,Btuhr-sqft-oF-in

K2 = conductivityofthenextmaterialfrominnermostone

Heat Flow(Btu/hr) Q = U.A.∆T U = overallcoefficientofheattransferBtuhr-sqft-oF A = heattransferarea,sqft ∆T = tempdifferencebetweenhigherandlowertempsurface,oF

KX

1C

XK

1C

1C

1

1C

2

1C

31U

11f0

X1

K1

X2

K2

1C

1

1C

2

1f1

1

1f0

RS/nRS

R1

K1

RS/nRS

R2

K1

RS/nRS

R3

K1

1f0

ตารางคำานวณคาU


ตารางวสด

สำาห

รบสว

นตางๆ

ของอาคาร

de

scrip

tion

custom

aryunit

density

cond

uctivityco

nductance

resis

tance(R)

specific

heatcap

acity

(lb/ft

3 )(k)

(c)

Perinch

For

heat,

Wt

Btu

Btu

thickness

thickness

Btu/(lb

)

ft2,F

ft2,F

(1/k)

listed

(degF)

(1/c)

–building

board

–b

oards, p

anels, s

ubflo

oring, s

heathing

–w

oodb

oard p

anel p

rodu

cts

--

28.80

asbe

stos-cem

entbo

ard

120

4.0

-0.25

-0.24

1.25

0.30

28.80

asbestos-cementbo

ard

(0.125in)

120

-33.00

-0.03

2.5

0.60

28.80

asbestos-cementbo

ard

(0.25in)

120

-16.50

-0.06

1.56

0.41

13.00

gypsumorplasterbo

ard

(0.375in)

50

-3.10

-0.32

0.26

2.08

0.54

13.00

gypsumorplasterbo

ard

(0.5in)

50

-2.22

-0.45

2.6

0.68

13.00

gypsumorplasterbo

ard

(0.625in)

50

-1.78

-0.56

-

-9.86

plywoo

d(dou

glasfir)

34

0.80

-1.25

-0.29

0.71

0.21

9.86

plywoo

d(dou

glasfir)

(0.25in)

34

-3.20

-0.31

1.06

0.31

9.86

plywoo

d(dou

glasfir)

(0.375in)

34

-2.13

-0.47

1.42

0.41

9.86

plywoo

d(dou

glasfir)

(0.5in)

34

-1.6

-0.62

1.77

0.51

9.86

plywoo

d(dou

glasfir)

(0.625in)

34

-1.29

-0.77

plywoo

dorw

oodpa

nels

(0.75in)

34

-1.07

-0.93

0.29

2.13

0.62

9.86

vegetab

lefibe

rbo

ard

sheathing,req

ulardensity

(0.5in)

18

-0.76

-1.32

0.31

0.75

0.23

5.58

(.78125in)

18

-0.49

-2.06

1.17

0.36

5.58

sheathing

,interm

ediatedensity

(0.5in)

22

-0.82

-1.22

0.31

0.92

0.28

6.82

nail-b

asesheathing

(0.5in)

25

-0.88

-1.14

0.31

1.04

0.32

7.75

shing

lebacker

(0.375in)

18

-1.06

-0.94

0.31

0.56

0.17

5.58

shing

lebacker

(0.3125in)

18

-1.28

-0.78

0.47

0.15

5.58

sou

nddeade

ning

board

(0.5in)

15

-0.74

-1.35

0.30

0.62

0.19

4.50

tileand

lay-in

panels,

plainoracoustic

18

0.40

-2.50

-0.14

--

2.52

(0.5in)

18

-0.80

-1.25

0.75

0.11

2.52

(0.75in)

18

-0.53

-1.89

1.13

0.16

2.52

lam

inated

pap

erboard

30

0.50

-2.00

-0.33

--

9.90

hom

ogeneousboardfrom

lb ft2


repu

lped

pap

er

30

0.50

-2.00

-0.28

--

8.40

hardbo

ard

med

iumdensity

50

0.73

-1.37

-0.31

--

17.60

high

density,servicetempservice

unde

rlay

55

0.82

-1.22

-0.32

--

17.60

high

density,std.tempe

red

63

1.00

-1.00

-032

--

20.16

pa

rticleb

oard

lowdensity

37

0.54

-1.85

-0.31

11.47

med

iumdensity

50

0.94

-1.06

-0.31

15.50

high

density

62.5

1.18

-0.85

-0.31

19.38

unde

rlaym

ent

(0.625in)

40

-1.22

-0.82

0.29

2.08

0.6

11.60

woo

dsubfl

oor

(0.75in)

-

1.06

-0.94

0.33

2.00

0.6

9.60

–b

uilding

mem

bran

evapo

r-pe

rmeablefelt

-

-16.70

-0.06

-

--

vapo

r-seal,2layersofmop

ped

15-lb

felt

-

-8.35

-0.12

-

--

vapo

r-seal,plasticfilm

-

--

-negl

-

--

–fi

nish

floo

ring

materials

carpetand

fibrou

spa

d

--

0.48

-2.08

0.34

--

-carpetand

rub

berpa

d

--

0.81

-1.23

0.33

--

-corktile

(0.125in)

--

3.60

-0.28

0.48

-terra

zzo

(1in)

--

12.50

-0.08

0.19

11.7

2.22

26.60

tile-asph

alt,linoleum,vinyl,rubb

er

-

-20.00

-0.05

0.30

--

-

vinylasbe

stos

0.24

--

-

ceramic

0.19

--

-woo

d,hardw

oodfinish

(0.75in)

1.47

0.68

2.81

0.84

13.50

–ins

ulating

materials

–b

lank

et a

nd b

att

mineralfibe

r,fibrousformprocessed

fromrock,slag,orglass

approx.2-2.75in

0.3-2.0

-0.143

-7

0.17-0.23

.12-.40

.02-.09

0.1-0.46

approx.3-3.5in

0.3-2.0

-0.091

-11

.16-.54

.03-.12

0.1-0.46

approx.3.50-6.5

0.3-2.0

-0.053

-19

.30-.98

.05-.23

0.1-0.46

approx.6-7in

0.3-2.0

0.045

22

.30-1.10

.05-.25

0.1-0.46

approx.8.5in

0.3-2.0

0.033

30

.40-1.42

.07-.32

0.1-0.46

–b

oard a

nd s

labs

–c

ellular glas

s

8.5

0.38

-2.63

-0.24

--

2.64



สำาห

รบสว

นตางๆ

ของอาคาร(ตอ

)

descrip

tion

custom

aryunit

density

cond

uctivityco

nductance

resis

tance(R)

specific

heatcap

acity

(lb/ft

3 )(k)

(c)

Perinch

For

heat,

Wt

Btu

Btu

thickness

thickness

Btu/(lb

)

ft2,F

ft2,F

(1/k)

listed

(degF)

(1/c)

glassfiber,organicbo

nded

4-9

0.25

-4.00

-0.23

--

.9-2.1

expa

nded

rub

ber(rigid)

4.5

0.22

-4.55

-0.40

--

1.8

expa

nded

polystyreneextrude

d

1.8

0.25

-4.00

-0.29

--

0.52

cutcellsurfa

ceexpa

nded

polystyreneextrude

d

2.2

0.20

-5.00

-0.29

--

0.64

smoo

thskinsurfa

ceexpa

nded

polystyreneextrude

d

3.5

0.19

-5.26

--

-1.02

smoo

thskinsurfa

ceexpa

nded

polystyrene,molde

dbe

ads

1.0

0.28

-3.57

-0.29

--

0.29

expa

nded

polyurethane(R-11exo.)

1.5

0.16

-6.25

-0.38

--

0.57

(thickness1in.orgreater)

2.5

mineralfibe

rwithresinbinde

r

15

0.29

-3.45

-0.17

--

9.15

mineralfibe

rboard,wetfelted

16-17

0.34

-2.94

--

-2.2-2.4

coreorroofinsulation

acou

sticaltile

18

0.35

-2.86

-0.19

--

3.42

acou

sticaltile

21

0.37

-2.70

--

-2.94

mineralfibe

rboard,wet

23

0.42

-2.38

-0.14

--

3.22

molde

dacou

sticaltile

woo

dorcanefiberbo

ard

-

-0.80

-1.25

0.31

--

-

acou

sticaltile

(0.5in)

acou

sticaltile

(0.75in)

--

0.53

-

1.89

--

-interio

rfinish(planktile)

15

0.35

-2.86

-0.32

--

4.80

woo

dshredd

ed(cementedin

22

0.60

-1.67

-0.31

--

6.82

perfo

rmed

slabs)

–loo

se fell

cellulosicinsulation(m

illedpa

peror

2.3-3.2

0.27-0.32

-3.13-3.70

-0.33

--

.76-1.06

woo

dpu

lp)

sawdu

storshavings

8.0-15.0

0.45

-2.22

-0.33

--

2.64-4.45

woo

dfiber,softw

oods

2.0-3.5

0.30

-3.33

-0.33

--

.66-1.16

pe

rlite,expa

nded

5.0-8.0

0.37

-2.70

-0.26

--

1.3-2.08

lb ft2


mineralfibe

r(ro

ck,slagorglass)

approx3.75-5in

0.6-2.0

--

11

0.17

0.2-.71

.04-.12

0.1

approx6.5-8.75in

0.6-2.0

--

19

.51-1.27

.06-.22

0.1-.34

approx7.5-10in

0.6-2.0

--

22

.45-1.46

.07-.25

0.1-.34

approx10.25-13.75in

0.6-2.0

--

30

.60-2.02

.1-.3

40.1-.34

verm

iculite,exfoliated

7.0-8.2

.47

-2.13

-3.20

--

1.4-1.64

4.0-6.0

0.44

-2.27

-

--

0.8-1.2

roof ins

ulation

preformed

,foruseab

ovede

ck

diffe

rentroo

finsulationsareavailable

0.72

1.39

-

--

indifferent

thicknessestoprovide

thedesignC

to

to

valueslisted

consultindividu

alm

anufacturersfor

0.12

8.33

-

--

actual

thicknessoftheirmaterial

–m

ason

ry m

aterials

–c

oncretes

cementmortar

116

5.0

-0.20

-

--

23.2

gypsum

-fibe

rconcrete87.5%

gypsum,

15

1.66

-0.60

-0.21

--

10.71

12.5%w

oodchips

lightweigh

taggregatesincluding

120

5.2

-0.19

-

--

24.0

expa

nded

shale,clayorslate;

100

3.6

-0.28

-

--

20.0

expa

nded

slags;cind

ers;pum

ice;

80

2.5

-0.40

-

--

16.0

verm

iculite;alsocellularconcretes

60

1.7

-0.59

-

--

12.0

40

1.15

-0.86

-

--

8.0

30

0.90

-1.11

-

--

4.0

20

0.70

1.43

-

-4.0

pe

rlite,expa

nded

40

0.93

1.08

-

-12.8

30

0.71

1.41

-

-9.6

20

0.50

2.00

0.32

--

6.4

sand

and

gravelorstoneagg

regate

140

9.0

-0.11

0.22

--

30.8

(ovendried)

sand

and

gravelorstoneagg

regate

140

12.0

-0.11

0.22

--

28.0

(notdried)

stucco

116

5.0

-0.20

--

23.2

mason

ryunits



สำาห

รบสว

นตางๆ


)

descrip

tion

custom

aryunit

density

cond

uctivitycon

ductance

resis

tance(R)

specific

heatcap

acity

(lb/ft

3 )(k)

(c)

Perinch

For

heat,

Wt

Btu

Btu

thickness

thickness

Btu/(lb

)

ft2,F

ft2,F

(1/k)

listed

(degF)

(1/c)

brick,com

mon

120

5.0

-0.20

-0.19

--

22.8

brick,face

130

9.0

-0.11

-

--

24.7

claytile,ho

llow:

1cellde

ep

(3in)

--

1.25

-0.80

0.21

15.0

3.2

12.6

1cellde

ep

(4in)

--

0.90

-1.11

16.0

3.4

10.1

2cellde

ep

(6in)

--

0.66

-1.52

25.0

5.25

10.5

2cellde

ep

(8in)

--

0.54

-1.85

30.0

6.3

9.5

2cellde

ep

(10in)

--

0.45

-2.22

35.0

7.4

8.8

3cellde

ep

(12in)

--

0.40

-2.5

40.0

8.4

8.4

concreteblocks,

threeovalcore:

sand

and

gravelaggregate

(4in)

--

1.40

-0.71

0.22

23.0

5.1

15.2

(8in)

--

0.90

-1.11

43.0

9.4

14.1

(12in)

--

0.78

-1.28

63.0

13.9

13.9

cind

eragg

regate

(3in)

--

1.16

-0.86

0.21

17.0

3.6

14.3

(4in)

--

0.90

-1.11

20.0

4.2

12.6

(8in)

--

0.58

-1.72

37.0

7.9

11.8

(12in)

--

0.53

-1.89

53.0

11.1

11.1

lightweigh

taggregate

(3in)

--

0.79

-1.27

0.21

15.0

2.6

12.6

(expande

dshale,clay,

slate

(4in)

--

0.67

-1.50

17.0

3.6

10.9

orslag:pum

ice)

(8in)

--

0.50

-2.00

32.0

6.7

10.1

(12in)

--

0.44

-2.27

43.0

9.0

9.0

concreteblocks,

rectangu

larcore

sand

and

gravelaggregate

2core,8in.36lb.

-

-0.96

-1.04

0.22

43.1

9.5

14.2

sam

ewithfiledcores

-

-0.52

-1.93

0.22

--

-lightweigh

taggregate(expande

dshale,

clay,slateorslag,pum

ice):

3cor,6in.19lb

-

-0.61

-1.65

0.21

22.8

4.8

9.6

Samewithfiledcores

-

-0.33

-2.99

-

--

2core,8in.24lb

-

-0.46

-2.18

28.8

6.0

9.1

lb ft2


samewithfiledcores

-

-0.20

-5.03

-

--

3cor,12in.38lb

-

-0.40

-2.48

45.6

9.6

9.6

samewithfiledcores

-

-0.17

-5.82

--

-ston

e,limeorsand

-

12.50

-0.08

-0.19

--

28.5

gypsum

partitiontile:

3x12x30in.solid

-

-0.79

-1.26

0.19

11.0

2.1

8.6

3x12x30in.4-cell

-

-0.74

-1.35

9.0

1.7

6.7

4x12x30in.3-cell

-

-0.60

-1.67

13.0

2.5

7.2

•p

lastering

materials

cementplaster,sand

agg

regate

116

5.0

-0.20

-0.20

--

23.2

sand

agg

regate

(0.375in)

--

13.3

-0.08

0.20

3.63

0.72

23.2

sand

agg

regate

(0.75in)

--

6.66

-0.15

0.20

7.25

1.45

23.2

gypsum

plaster:

lightweigh

taggregate

(0.5in)

45

-3.12

-0.32

1.88

0.38

9.0

lightweigh

taggregate

(0.625in)

45

-2.67

-0.39

2.34

0.47

9.0

lightweigh

tagg.O

nmetallath

(0.75in)

--

2.13

0.47

-

0.57

-

perliteagg

regate

45

1.5

-0.67

-0.32

--

14.4

sand

agg

regate

105

5.6

-0.18

-0.20

-21.0

sand

agg

regate

(0.5in)

105

-11.10

-0.09

4.38

0.88

21.0

sand

agg

regate

(0.625in)

105

-9.10

-0.11

5.47

1.09

21.0

sand

agg

regateonmetallath(0.75in)

--

7.70

-0.13

-1.32

-

verm

iculiteagg

regate

45

1.7

-0.59

-

--

9.0

•roo

fing

asbe

stos-cem

entshingles

120

-4.76

-0.21

0.24

--

28.8

asph

altrollroofing

70

-6.50

-0.15

0.36

--

25.2

asph

altshingles

70

-2.27

-0.44

0.30

--

25.2

bu

ilt-uproofing

(0.375in)

70

-3.00

-0.33

0.35

2.19

0.73

24.5

slate

(0.5in)

--

20.00

-0.05

0.30

--

-woo

dshingles,plainandplasticfilm

-

-1.06

-0.94

0.31

--

-

faced

•s

iding

materials (on

flat s

urface

) sh

ingles

asgestos-cem

ent

120

-4.75

-0.21

-

-28.8

woo

d,16in.,7.5expo

sure

-

-1.15

-0.87

0.31

--

-



สำาห

รบสว

นตางๆ


)

descrip

tion

custom

aryunit

density

cond

uctivitycon

ductance

resis

tance(R)

specific

heatcap

acity

(lb/ft

3 )(k)

(c)

Perinch

For

heat,

Wt

Btu

Btu

thickness

thickness

Btu/(lb

)

ft2,F

ft2,F

(1/k)

listed

(degF)

(1/c)

woo

d,dou

ble,16-in.,12-in

.exposure

-

-0.84

-1.19

0.28

--

-woo

d,plusinsul.backerbo

ard,

-

-0.71

-1.40

0.31

--

-

0.3125in

siding

asbe

stos-cem

ent,0.25in.,lapp

ed

-

-4.76

-0.21

0.24

--

29.5

asph

altrollsiding

--

6.50

-0.15

0.35

--

24.5

asph

altinsulatingsiding

(0.5in.bed

)

--

0.69

-1.46

0.35

--

-

woo

d,drop,1x8in

-

-1.27

-0.79

0.28

--

-

woo

d,bevel,0.5x8in.,lapp

ed

-

-1.23

-0.81

0.28

--

-

woo

d,bevel,0.75x10in.,lapp

ed

-

-0.95

-1.05

0.29

--

-

woo

d,plywoo

d,0.375in.,lapp

ed

-

-1.59

-0.59

0.28

--

-

woo

d,m

ediumdensitysiding.

40

1.49

-0.67

0.28

--

11.5

0.4375in

alum

inum

orsteel,oversheathing

--

1.61

-0.61

0.29

--

-

hollow-backed

insulating-bo

ardba

cked

nom

inal

-

-0.55

-1.82

0.32

--

-

0.375in

insulating-bo

ardba

cked

nom

inal

0.34

2.96

-

--

0.375in.,foilba

cked

architecturalglass

--

10.00

-0.10

0.20

--

- •w

oods

mtaple,oak,andsimilarhardwoo

ds

45

1.10

-0.91

-0.30

--

13.5

fir,pine,andsimilarsoftw

oods

32

0.80

-1.25

-0.33

--

10.6

fir,pine,andsimilarsoftw

oods

(0.75in)

32

-1.06

-0.94

0.33

2.0

0.66

10.6

(1.5in)

-

0.53

-1.89

4.0

1.32

10.6

(2.5in)

-

0.32

-3.12

6.7

2.20

10.6

(3.5in)

-

0.23

-4.35

9.3

3.08

10.6

lb ft2


CALIBRATION SCOPE (ขอบขายการใหบรการสอบเทยบ) Parameter Description Range Temp & Humidity Thermo-hygrometer -40to60oC Thermo-hygrograph 11.3to90%RH Temperature&HumidityDataLogger WallThermometer HeatStressMeter Temperature Source DryBlockCalibrator -40to1200oC TemperatureBathCalibrator Temperature RTDSensor -40to1200oC ThermocoupleSensor(TC) TemperatureController TemperatureControllerwithSensor TemperatureIndicator TemperatureIndicatorwithSensor TemperatureRecorder TemperatureRecorderwithSensor TemperatureTransmitter TemperatureTransmitterwithSensor DigitalThermometer DigitalThermometerwithSensor TemperatureGauge LiquidinGlassThermometer IndustrialGlassThermometer InfraredThermometer Temperature Enclosure Incubator/HotAirOven -40to200oC WaterBath/LiquidBath Autoclave Freezer/Refrigerator ColdRoom Furnace upto1100oC Temperature&HumidityChamber 10to60oC 20to85%RH


Electrical ControlValve Voltage/Current Controller Frequency/Pulse Indicator Recorder Transmitter Counter StopWatch/Timer Stroboscope Photo&ContactTachometer Centrifuge Moisture MoistureAnalyzer Mass&Temperature MoistureBalance 0to100%MC WaterActivityMeter 0to1Aw Analysis pHMeter STDBuffer:1.68pHto10pH pHTransmitter Simulate:0to14pH ConductivityMeter STDBuffer:10μS/cmto111.8mS/cm ConductivityTransmitter Simulate:0to200mS/cm TDSMeter(TotalDissolvedSolids) 55.9,40.0,2.50,0.7065,0.042PPT Lactometer (1.02-1.04)SG Hydrometer Density(500to2000)kg/m3

SpecificGravity(0.50to2.0)SG (0to70o)Baume (-1to101)API (0to100)%Vol HandRefractometer (0-70)%Brix Salinometer/SaltMeter (0-26)%Salt Gas Analyzer OxygenAnalyzer 1%O2,21%O2

MethenAnalyzer 40%CH4,80%CH4

DissolvedOxygenMeter 0mg/l,6mg/lto13mg/l


CALIBRATION SCOPE (ขอบขายการใหบรการสอบเทยบ) Parameter Description Range Liquid Flow Meter LAB : Gravimetric Method, Water Media CoriolisFlowMeter(MassFlowmeter) PipeSize<≤6inch,DN150 UltrasonicFlowMeter MagneticFlowMeter Flowrateupto140t/h VortexFlowMeter Flowrateupto140m3/h PositiveDisplacementFlowMeter TurbineFlowMeter Massupto2500kg WaterMeter Volumeupto4500L VariableAreaFlowMeter RotaFlowMeter PaddleWheelFlowMeter Onsite - Wet Method Clam on by Ultrasonic Flow Meter PipeSize0.5to200inch SeriesMasterMeter OpenChannelFlowMeter MeasuringHoldingTime Onsite - Dry Method Simulate: Electronic Function Converter/Display Air / Gas Flow Meter FlowCalibrator 0to280SLM MassFlowMeter TurbineFlowMeter VariableAreaFlowMeter RotaFlowMeter WetGasMeter DryGasMeter AirLeakTester Air Velocity WindVaneAnemometer 0to50m/s HotWireAnemometer PitotStaticTubeAnemometer SonicProbeAnemometer(Ultrasonic) CupAnemometer ThermalMassFlowMeter AirFlowHood 0to1500Nm3/h


Barometer DigitalBarometer 745mbarto1150mbar AnalogBarometer Barograph Pressure / Vacuum DifferentialPressureTransmitter LevelTransmitter -0.95barto70bar PressureTransmitter Medium:Air,N

2

FlowTransmitter DifferentialPressureIndicator PressureIndicator >70barto700bar PressureGauge Medium:Oil,Water PressureSwitch SafetyValve Balance ElectronicBalance 1mgto2ton MechanicBalance SpringBalance PlateFormScale Mass CLASS M1 5kg,10kg,20kg Volumetric Beaker/Cylinder 1mlto20l VolumetricFlask VolumetricPipet/MeasuringPipet Buret/DigitalBuret/Dispenser Pycnometer MicroSyring Dimension VernierCaliper upto300mm Micrometer ThicknessGauge

engineering · 2018-08-23 · ตารางแปลงหน่วย mit 2013 3 คำ นำ...

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