dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 1

F} …mfv nctfƒmfb zft-zfwXjfv

hfQtf nQõvsB }-

zfèct rfmDl mflfbD

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 2

nCdyiÛ

dIdvwXkfv nQÎf 1 dIdvwXkfv iadk „mfb 1 dIdvwXkfv iadk „mfb zfbfv Lvb 2 k]fslv nxdóv mCt …iflfb W nmq 3 dIdvwXkf dj slJf pfq? 4 k]fslv zfjfv-dhwftkf 5 dIdvwXkfv nxdóok ùdtqf 7 1. k]fslv i[ hf Ffbf 7 2. k]fslv v™i-snZ¦lpG 7 3. mfbcsNv zfjxdk W dIdvwXkfv zfjxdk dj jfYfjfdY? 8 4. nxdóok zfjfsv W mpGflfq k]fvf nmfb bb 9 5. k]fslv msLA ²ÃD-icv¢N sbƒ 9 6. dIdvwXkf ifbfrfv jsvb bf 13 7. k]fvf waf§À-j½f§À rb bf 14 8. dIdvwXkfhsoGv zh²¿fbs[Û 14 9. dIdvwXkfhsoGv nQJAf 16 10. dIdvwXkfv bfm 17 dIdvwXkfv mxkcA 21 dIdvwXkfhsoGv yfdvdÛj ÈBfhtD 22 dIdvwXkfhsoGv tÏfwDtkf 23 k]fslv [mkf 24 k]fslv zfjxdk LfvsBv [mkf 24 k]fslv odkv kDha û¢kkf 31 k]fslv ƒtXm 32 ³bjeAiafå nshGf¤y dIdvwXkf-nHfq hflfbchfl 33 dIdvwXkfhoG dbu dbu lfdqsk¶ jkGhAdbô 34 dIdvwXkfoB db®ifi 35 dIdvwXkfhsoGv ƒhflk 40 dIdvwXkfhsoGv mpGflf 41 k]fslv ƒhflskv jdkiq bmcbf 42 1. kfnhDr 43

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 3

2. jfkfv h]fLf 45 3. rÏ 46 4. mrfb zfïfrv HDdk 46 dIdvwXkf W mfbcN 47 iaKmk} dIdvwXkf W zflm mfbcN nxdóv drjmk dhNsq k]fslv iaw´ 47 zflmsj k]fslv dnulf 48 zflm �-sj dIdvwXkfv dbslGwbf 48 zflm �-sj dIdvwXkfv sofnt lfb 49 dIdvwXkf W zflm-n§Àfb 49 mfbcN us¦mv iÇyfsk dIdvwXkfv HCdmjf 50 dIdvwXkfv zflm-n§Àfsbv v[Bfsh[B 51 dIdvwXkf zfdìqfv iadk zfïfrv lCk 52 p]fv jfsY dIdvwXkf ˆsnsYb, dkdbƒ bhD bb 53 vfnCt �-ˆv dbje zrD zfnk jDHfsh? 54 duhvDt �-ˆv lfdqk¶ sjht zrD si]ZYfsbfƒ dYt bf 55 dIdvwXkf bhD-vnCt rsq siadvk rstb bf sjb? 57 dIdvwXkfv zbAkm jkGhA } mfbcsNv msb n{jfspGv iaqfn nxdó jvf 58 dIdvwXkfv zbAkm jkGhA } mfbcsNv zfmt dtdihÝ jvf 59 Ffsbv dIdvwXkf icBA W hfsmv dIdvwXkf ifi dtdihÝ jsvb 62 n{jsmGv dlsj mfbcNsj dIdvwXkfv zfrhfb 64 zflm-n§Àfbsj ivD[fq dIdvwXkf 65 mfbcsNv ufb jhu jvfv jfsu dIdvwXkf 65 mftfjct mfWskv nfsK mCnf bhDv nQONG 71 jhv, rfwv W zfsJvfsk hf¦lfv nfsK dIdvwXkfv n©ijG 72 dIdvwXkf W dhswN swaBDv mfbcN 73 mc'dmbslv s[sÛ dIdvwXkfv HCdmjf 73 1. mc'dmbslvsj Hfstfhfnf 73 2. mc'dmsbv nfrfpA W nQswfLb jvf 73 3. mc'dmbslv ubA iafKGbf 74 sjfbX mc'dmsbv ubA dIdvwXkf iafKGbf jsvb? 75 (j) mfbcNsj n{dw[flfbjfvD dw[j 75 (J) ufmfzfsk bfmfspv ubA zsi[mfB hAdÙÁ 75 (o) sp ˆwf W Iusvv bfmfp ufmfzfsk isV 76 (O) iaKm jfkfsvv bfmfpD 76

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 4

(M) pfvf jfkfv dmdtsq l]fVfq 77 (y) pfvf snrvD sJsq svfpf vfsJ 77 (Y) pfvf mrfbhD �-ˆv iadk lv™l ifE jsv 77 (u) pfvf svfoD slJsk pfq 78 (U) sp hAdÙÁ sjfb äDbD Hfƒsqv nfsK nf[f{ jvsk pfq 78 (R) sp hAdÙÁ WpC zh²¿fq vfsÛ wqb jsv 78 dIdvwXkfv lczfv dj sjfb iaHfh zfsY? 79 4. mc'dmbslv lczfq `zfmDb' htf 79 5. mc'dmbslv ubA ƒd²ÀoIfv jvf 80 6. äDbD ƒtXm W kfstsh-ƒtXsmv iadk k]fslv waÝf 82 7. ucmzfv dlb …id²¿dkv rfduvf oarB 84 8. iftfÛÁsm bfmfsp …id²¿dk 8 9. mc'dmsbv jcvzfb dktfzskv nmq dIdvwXkfv zhkvB 87 10. mrfbhD �-sj nftfm si]ZYfsbf 87 11. mc'dmbslvsj ncnQhfl slWqf 88 12. ösi´ dIdvwXkfv lwGb 90 13. mc'dmbslv nis[ pcsÝ zQw oarB 94 14. vfnCtcïfr �-sj dIdvwXkfv nQv[f 97 15. sbj mc'dmbslv nQv[f W kfslvsj dhilmcÙÁjvsB dIdvwXkf 98 16. sbj stfsjslv ufbfpfq dIdvwXkfv zQwoarB 101 17. wrDlsj dIdvwXkfv dbu Ffbf äfvf Yfqflfb 102 18. dn¦lcj hrbjfvD dIdvwXkf 102 19. mÄf-mlDbfsj lfÏft sKsj v[f jvsk iarvD dIdvwXkf 103 20. dIdvwXkfv nfryspG „nf �-ˆv zhkvB 104 21. wfm slswv …iv dIdvwXkfv Ffbf dhYfsbf 104 22. dIdvwXkfv jKf W hf¦lfv jKf ˆjfjfv rst sofbfr mfI 104 dIdvwXkfv iadk mc'dmbslv jkGhA 105 1. k]fslvsj ofdt bf slWqf 105 2. zhfLAfyvB jsv k]fslvsj jó bf slWqf 106 3. mfbcsNv mcsJv osá dIdvwXkf jó ifb 107 4. KcKc sIst dIdvwXkfsj jó slWqf 107 5. njt dIdvwXkfsj Hfstfhfnf 108 jfsIv-Ifsnjslv s[sÛ dIdvwXkfv HCdmjf 109 1. jfsIvslv …iv zfpfh zhkDBG jvf 109 2. dIdvwXkfv mfLAsm tCk bhD �-ˆv jWsmv L¶Qn 109

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 5

3. jfsIvslvsj zdHwfi slWqf 111 (j) ùVjf smsq 112 (J) sp sjfb stfrfv z²Ã dlsq mcndtsmv iadk ƒdÌk jsv 113 (o) sp hAdÙÁ sjfb nfrfhDsj ofdt slq 114 (O) zfïfrv dhLfb hf²Àhfqsb hfLflfbjfvD 114 (M) sp hAdÙÁ lc°jmG hf dhlzfk jsv zKhf lc°jxkD hf dhlzfkDsj ufqof slq } 115 (y) sp hAdÙÁ mcndtsmv slWqf dbvfiÙfsh hfbyft jsv } 116 (Y) sp isvv hfisj dbsuv hfi hst lfhD jsv ˆhQ dbsuv hQw zöDjfv jsv } 116 (u) sp hAdÙÁ mlDbfhfnDslv iadk zkAfyfv W kfslvsj n§Ã²À jsv } 116 (U) zkAfyfvD, sö¤YfyfvD W lcbGDdkivfqB sbkf } 117 4. dIdvwXkf kfslvsj OxBf jsvb, pfslvsj zfïfr OxBf jsvb 117 5. jfsIvslv dIdvwXkf slJsk yfWqf 118 zbAfbA nxdóv s[sÛ dIdvwXkfv HCdmjf 119 1. zfvw hrb 119 2. ifrfsVv lfdqk¶ 120 3. smO-hxdó, …dßl W v¢pD dbq§ÃB 121 jfvf swaô? dIdvwXkf, bfdj mfbcN? 123

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 6

�� �mcJhá

��א�������،�وא������وא����م�������� ��א��� ����وא�������،�������������������א�����:و�����2/�و�01/�".���،�و!#�-��,+� *(��ن�'&�$%م�א��$#،�"!�� ��� �

ˆƒ icd²ÀjfJfdb zfnst FÅv …mfv nctfƒmfb zft-zfwXjfv jkxGj zfvhD HfNfq iaBDk. pfv bfm `zf-tfmct mftfƒjfdkt zfhvfv'. zhwA zfdm kfv ùhù zbchfl jdvdb. zfdm hfQtfsk dbsuv mskf jsv iajfw jsvdY. smZdtj zfj¶Dlfv hAfifsv icd²Àjfde zdk Èv¢k¶iCBG. spsrkc dIdvwXkfnmCsrv iadk „mfb vfJf „mfsbv däkDq v¢jXb. zfv k]fslv nìsá zsbj stfsjv zsbj Hct LfvBfW zfsY. snƒ zlxwA uo{ n©isjG zsbsjv ns¦lrW hkGmfb. snsrkc hfQtfHfND mcndtm ubnfLfvsBv ubA kf iajfw jvf ˆjf§À uv¢vD dYt hst msb jsvƒ zfdm ˆv nQõvsB msbfspfo dlƒ. zhwA mCtk} ˆv diYsb zfmfv äDbD Hfƒslv zbcsiavBf zhwAƒ dYt. mrfb zfïfr zfmfslv njtsjƒ sbj hltf lfb jv¢b. zfmDb.

dhbDk--- zfèct rfmDl mflfbD

zft-mfumfzfr 22/5/35dr} 23/3/14dJa}

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 7

dIdvwXkfv nQÎf

`dIdvwXkf' wède IfvnD. ˆv mfsb rt siadvk hf lCk. ˆv zfvhD wè `mftfj', hùhyb `mftfƒjfr'. ˆƒ wsèv …{idÙ rsqsY `zftfjf' sKsj zKhf `tfzfjf' sKsj. pfv zKG ifEfsbf hf si]ZYfsbf. spsrkc mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj dIdvwXkf ifEfsbf rq ˆhQ k]fvf k]fv i[ sKsj nQhfl si]ZdYsq Kfsjb.

zKhf ˆv …{idÙ rsqsY `mftfjf' sKsj. pfv zKG idvyftbf jvf hf mfdtj rWqf. spsrkc dIdvwXkf äfvf dhsw¶v hù jfu idvyfdtk rq. ˆƒ ubA dIdvwXkfsj htf rq `mftfj' ˆhQ mfbcsNv idvyftj W zdLidksj htf rq `mfdtj'.

dIdvwXkfv iadk „mfb

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ˆjde ixKj uo{. mbcNA W du¶b-uo{ sKsj ixKj sn uo{. dIdvwXkf-uoskv njstƒ iCk-idhÛ, icBAmq, n©mfdbk W zfïfr-HDv¢, mrfb zfïfrv zfbcokA W ƒhflsk nlf dbvk.

dIdvwXkfv iadk „mfb mc'dmsbv smZdtj „mfbD dhNsqv z§ÀHcGÙÁ. „mfsbv Yqde v¢jXsbv msLA ˆde rt däkDq v¢jXb. ˆƒ v¢jXsbv iadk „mfb hAkDk mc'dmsbv „mfb ðÝ rsk ifsv bf.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, �و�4/4�56789{ �و9!9=>4;:4/46 4/>���4 � 9#9!2� ?@78� �و9א5A4!BC5��%ن9 4/E F��#4!� 4/B :�G'� �"GI�7ل9 �9�4 � �א��5�F%ل5 9#9!2

5J4�9��א�:KB :�G'99��وAF 9��:K99א��L7M��9AB�:N:"99��وAB�4�9%7א����:O9�4/4�5و�P��#E!�Q�9):"�9#B ��}و9�E�:L5��:S�4/4�5�5ق9 �5 �zKGf{, vnCt kfv iadk kfv iadkiftsjv i[ sKsj pf zhkDBG jvf

rsqsY, kfsk sn dhÇhfn ²¿fib jsvsY ˆhQ dhÇhfdnoBW; njst zfïfrsk, kf]v dIdvñfosB, kf]v djkfhnmCsr ˆhQ kf]v vnCtosB dhÇhfn ²¿fib jsvsY. (kfvf hst,) zfmvf kf]v vnCtosBv msLA sjfb ifKGjA jdv bf. zfv kfvf hst, zfmvf ðbtfm W mfbA jvtfm! sr zfmfslv

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 8

iadkiftj! zfmvf skfmfv [mf yfƒ, zfv skfmfvƒ dlsj (zfmfslv) iakAfhkGb rsh. (hfj¶fvfr } 285)

}�4�P$:"��9$,9��א�%5A9!2�9#$4UVא�%5A4!2א� 4���</�4و9�5�9%��4/4و9א�;964���4א�FI9��T4UVل�9��9:���5�9%��4/4و9א�;964��F@9W�B�:X:Y� G�4Z[א� GمB%9 �و9א� 4/4�5�5�� 4���</�4و9!�9:>4;:�4/46و�4/4�56789و9 B�7L;9$�#9!9�5و@B�:O�#4!�99لI�:"� 9T4UVא�

4�9 �S:�9Wא]� {)�١٣٦�(���Aא����%�� �zKGf{, sr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmvf zfïfrsk, kf]v vnCst, dkdb sp djkfh

kf]v vnCstv iadk zhkDBG jsvsYb kfsk ˆhQ sp djkfh dkdb iCshG zhkDBG jsvsYb kfsk dhÇhfn jv; zfv sp sj… zfïfr, kf]v dIdvñfoB, kf]v djkfhnmCr, kf]v vnCtoB ˆhQ ivjftsj zdhÇhfn jsv, sn iKëó rsq nclCsv yst pfq. (dbnf } 136)

dIdvwXkfv iadk „mfb zfbfv Lvb

dIdvwXkfv iadk „mfb zfbfv zKG rt jsqjde dhNsqv iadk nclxP dhw¶fn vfJf }-

1. dIdvwXkfv zd²Àk¶sj öDjfv jvf. 2. k]fslv pKfKG n©mfb jvf. ˆƒ dhw¶fn jvf sp, k]fvf mfbcN W du¶b

n©ialfsqv mskf zfïfrv lfn ˆhQ k]fv nxdó. k]fvf bfbf jsmGv ubA Hfviafå W zfdló. k]fslv wdÙÁ W [mkf kkefƒ zfsY, pkef mrfb zfïfr k]fslvsj dlsqsYb. k]fslv mxkcA zfsY, ksh k]fslv ubA nclDOG nmq dbLGfdvk zfsY. sn nmq YfVf mrfb zfïfr k]fslv mxkcA Oefshb bf. k]fslvsj ˆmb djYc hst zfJAfqb jvf pfsh bf hf k]fslv hAfifsv ˆmb djYc dhw¶fn vfJf pfsh bf, pfv Ist k]fslvsj mrfb zfïfrv nfsK dwjG jvf rq. k]fslvsj ƒhflkspfoA (iCubDq) …ifnA LfvBf jvf pfsh bf, spmb iChGhkGD sjfb sjfb n©ialfq kf jsvdYt.

3. ˆ jKf öDjfv jvf sp, k]fslv msLA dhswN lCk zfsYb, p]fslvsj mrfb zfïfr mfbcsNv msLA pfv dbje ƒ¤Yf siavB jsv Kfsjb. ˆmbW rsk ifsv sp, dkdb k]fslvƒ jf…sj zbA jfsvf dbje siavB jsv Kfsjb.

ˆvƒ z§ÀHcGÙÁ mrfb zfïfrv zfvwhfrj dIdvwXkfv iadk „mfb, k]fv n©mcsJ nfdvhÝ dIdvwXkf, ufâfskv ubA Hfviafå dIdvwXkf, ufrfâfsmv

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 9

ubA Hfviafå dIdvwXkf, hf¦lfv sbdj-hlD dtdihÝjfvD dIdvwXkf, smO idvyftbfv ubA Hfviafå dIdvwXkfv iadk „mfb zfbqb jvf.

djkfh W ncâfrsk ˆ nshv psKó iamfB hkGmfb vsqsY. (nQd[å ðzfhct „mfb hfƒrfj¶D 1/405-406, zft-rfhfƒj ID zfJhfdvt mftfƒj ncqCk¶D 10ix})

zÛ icd²Àjfq vsqsY dIdvwXkfv iadk „mfsbv ndh²Àfv zfstfybf.

k]fslv nxdóv mCt …iflfb W nmq dIdvwXkf nxdóv mCt …iflfb rt bCv hf suAfdk. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»�B+7;:��9d415و��F�4!�52�9د9مf4�5Z9و���9��B#4!ج�G��9!�B#4!�P9�نi��9אf4�5Z9و��%5��B#4!�7j:;4<:�9���4אk:X4�5Z«.� �ªdIdvñfslvsj bCv sKsj nxdó jvf rsqsY. du¶b ufdksj nxdó jvf

rsqsY zdodwJf rsk. zfv zflmsj nxdó jvf rsqsY snƒ h²Â sKsj, pf skfmfslvsj hBGbf jvf rsqsY. (zKGf{, mfde sKsj).« (mcndtm 7687bQ)

…ÙÁ rflDsn zfmHfsh `bCv' htf rsqsY. mrfbhD � hstbdb, sn bCv jD, jDsnv hf jfv? nckvfQ dhbf wÙÁ ltDst sn bCvsj dbdlGó sjfb bCv hst LfvBf jvf pcdÙÁpcÙÁ bq.

spmb ˆ jKfW ufbf pfq bf sp, k]fslvsj jJb nxdó jvf rsqsY? ksh ufbf pfq sp, mfbcN nxdóv iCshGƒ k]fslvsj nxdó jvf rsqsY. spsrkc mfbcN nxdóv ƒ¤Yf iajfw jvfv nmq k]fvf mrfb iadkiftsjv nfsK sn hAfifsv jKf hstsYb. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

}�#9!� �9, 4Y� 5@9�Bi9-:"� �O:��%7א j:L 4�9Z� GضB��א�: o4Y� p@4��9q�oE�G'� 4j:;4<:�9��4�� :KP 9�� �O:�ل9 BذG'9و�:S� �9!� 5+:�B�:"� oE�G'� �O:�ل9 :K:�� �وE�:X5�9س5 :t4�B�904 � 5uE�9�5�� 5#B09�9و� ��9!Eא��� 7K4LB�9$9و� �9, 4Y� 5�4�L5$

���א����X)��٣٠(}-�B�9:�5%ن�9%�� �zKGf{, zfv (n¹vB jv) pJb skfmfv iadkiftj dIdvñfslvsj

htstb, `zfdm ixdKhDsk iadkdbdL nxdó jvdY.' kfvf htt, `zfidb dj snJfsb ˆmb jf…sjW nxdó jvshb, sp zwfd§À Oefsh W vÙÁifk jvsh? zKy zfmvfƒ skf zfibfv niawQn mdrmf jDkGb W idhÛkf sOfNBf jdv.' dkdb htstb, `dbÇyqƒ zfdm pf ufdb kf skfmvf ufb bf.' (hfj¶fvfr } 30)

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 10

snƒ mfbcNsj dnulf jvfv ubA k]fvf zfdló rsqsYb. mrfb zfïfr k]fslvsj hstdYstb,

}9#$4�4q�9��5/:%5א���:X:Y�o4)وP��#4!�4/ 4Y�5kBw:L9�9�5/56وB$F%9ذ9א��G*:Y{)�٢٩�(�i�א���%�� �zKGf{, pJb zfdm kfsj ncEfm jvh ˆhQ kfsk zfmfv v™r nÑfv jvh,

kJb skfmvf kfv iadk dnulfhbk rsqf.' (druXv }29)

dIdvwXkf dj slJf pfq? dIdvwXkf spsrkc bCvfbD zlxwAmfb nxdó, kfƒ k]fslvsj slJf n©Hh bq.

mrfb zfïfr zfmfslv syfsJ sn [mkf nxdó jsvbdb, pfsk zfmvf k]fslvsj slJsk ifdv.

ˆ …©mskv msLA dIdvwXkfsj zfnt v™si lwGb jsvsYb ˆjmfÛ vfnCt �. dkdbƒ duhvDt �-sj lcƒhfv snƒ zfjxdksk lwGb jsvsYb, sp zfjxdk dlsq mrfb zfïfr k]fsj nxdó jsvsYb. ˆv …sïJ vsqsY nCvf bfuXsmv 11 sKsj 15 zfqfsk.

zhwA dIdvwXkf wvDv LfvsBv [mkf vfsJb. zfv snƒ zh²¿fq mfbcN k]fslvsj slJsk ifsv. duhvDt � nfrfhD dlrXqAfr jfthDv v™i LfvB jsv zfnskb. bhD � nr nfrfhfoBW k]fsj slJsk siskb. spmb ƒhafrDm �-ˆv dbje dIdvwXkf smrmfb shsw ˆsndYstb ˆhQ dkdb-nr k]fv n©ialfq k]fslvsj lwGb jsvdYstb.

rflDsn ˆsnsY, smfvoW dIdvwXkf slJsk ifq. mrfbhD � hstsYb, »�B+56B�4�9�� �وG'9ذ9א �;:�9!� Bz:"9�� �9,F�G*:Y� 4/4�B{:Y� B#4!� 9/Vא��� �B��:Y|:�%7א 4j:;9$Eא��� 9}�9 41� B+56B�4�9�� �'Gذ9אG,9���]��:~B 9��Bz:"9���9,F�G*:Y�Gن�:~B F�4!�9#4א��/V���4 ذ5وא�F%9�96:Y�G� �9fא9�40��«.� �

zKGf{, pJb skfmvf smfvsov Ffj ðbsh, kJb zfïfrv dbje k]fv zbcoar iafKGbf jv. jfvB sn sjfb dIdvwXkf slsJsY. zfv pJb skfmvf ofLfv Ffj ðbsh, kJb zfïfrv dbje wqkfb sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf jv. jfvB sn sjfb wqkfb slsJsY. (hcJfvD 3303, mcndtm 7096bQ)

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 11

k]fslv zfjfv-dhwftkf mrfb zfïfr sjfb sjfb dIdvwXkfsj dhwft zfjfsv nxdó jsvsYb.

dkdb ufrfâfsmv lfdqk¶wDt dIdvwXkfv hAfifsv hstsYb, �و9{ B+7;9�7L�:"� �%7Oא �%5A9!2א 9#$4UVא�� �9,P$:"� �9$9,B :�9�� 7�9��9i40�و9א� �א�FA�س5 �و7O9%د9�5� �[א�9�� B+7; 4�B�:"��

:S�p�4:�����9�4אدM��j:;4<�:�9!95�9ون!BC5$��9!�97�9%ن�L9$9و�B+5�9�9!:"��9!�9/V5%ن�9א���B�9$�{)�٦�(+$�06א�� �zKGf{, sr mc'dmboB! skfmvf dbsuslvsj ˆhQ skfmfslv idvhfv-

idvubsj v[f jv zdo rsk, pfv ƒáb rsh mfbcN W ifKv, pfsk dbsqfduk zfsY dhwft-slrD, jsEfv-öHfh dIdvñfoB, pfvf zfïfr pf kfslvsj zfslw jsvb, kf zmfbA jsv bf ˆhQ kfvf pf jvsk zfdló rq, kfƒ jsv. (kfrvDm } 6)

zfmvf dIdvwXkf duhvDt �-ˆv zfjfv-dhwftkfv hAfifsv ndh²Àfv ufbsk ifdv. spsrkc mrfbhD � k]fsj lc-lchfv iajxk v™si lwGb jsvdYstb. sp jKf mrfb zfïfr zft-j¶cvzfsb hstsYb,

}�G�4�5��א�Gf7Y7|��4 �5�29��B�:X:�9א�6;%$�)��٢٣(}و���%�� �ªzhwAƒ sn kfsj ±ió dlos§À lwGb jsvsY.« (kfjHDv } 23)

}��9�BZ7"�j:�BI9��5�29��B�:X:�996)�١٣(وBA5���4�9א�B�4��9�BA4���9,)١٤�(��)�١٥(}��7jFA9q��9�9�BA4א9��|و9 �ªdbÇyqƒ sn kfsj zfsvjhfv slsJdYt. dnlvfkct mcbkfrfv dbje.

pfv dbje zhd²¿k (ufâfkct mf'Wqf) hfsnflAfb. (bfuXm } 13-15) mf zfsqwf htstb, `zfïfrv jnm! zfdm ˆ (lwGsbv) hAfifsv

zfïfrv vnCt �-sj duÎfnf jsvdY. dkdb hstsYb, »��9�F�G'�9%5��5@$G�B�4q�B+:��5�9�:"��:�9��4/4-9�%51��46V�9א�f4�5Z��9,B :�9��9�B :M�G#B 9-�9��G#B 9-F�9���5/56אB$:"9��

�~4�9,BA5!�9#4!�4��9�F�4��4/4:+9��5�د�א�א��X�9Z��9!�9#B 9 �4��9�Fא����:�G'�GضB��.»א�: �ªdkdb rstb duhaDt. k]fsj ‰ lcƒhfv YfVf zbA hfsv k]fv nxdóok

zfnt v™si lwGb jdvdb. pJb dkdb zfnmfsb zhkvBvk dYstb, k]fv

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 12

dhvfe nxdó-zfjxdk zfjfw-ixdKhDv mLAhkGD ²¿fbsj dOsv svsJdYt!« (mcndtm 457bQ, dkvdmpD iamcJ)

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }�V�9�96:Y��9�9د�F+5�{)�٨�(+iAא����%�� �

ªzk}iv sn kfv (vnCt)ˆv dbjehkDG rt, zdk dbjehkDG.« (bfuXm } 8)

ˆj hBGbfq mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, `ˆ dYstb duhvDt �. dkdb bhD �-ˆv jfsY icv¢Nslv shsw zfnskb. dj§Â …ÙÁ nmsq dkdb dbu iajxk shsw ˆsndYstb, Ist zfjfswv dljyÛÁhft há jsv sIstdYstb.' (mcndtm 460bQ)

zfècïfr dhb mfn†l � hstb, `mcrf©mfl � duhvDtsj slsJsYb, k]fv Yq wk Ffbf vsqsY.' (hcJfvD 4857, mcndtm 450bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, `dkdb nhcu svwmD (Ffbfdhdwó duhvDt)sj slsJsYb dlo§À sTsj svsJsYb.' (hcJfvD 3233, 4858bQ)

zfv snef dYt mrfb zfïfrv ˆjde mrf dblwGb. (bfuXm } 18) duhvDstv ÈB hBGbfq mrfb zfïfr zfsvf hstsYb,

}�+$G�:85�9%ل��!5~:�ع���F+9)�)٢٠ذ�9�BA4��Q�F%7O�T4ذ�T4אB�9��ش١٩�(��4;9!�G('B%:X:��5/F�Gل�5��א�6;%$�)�٢١(}":!4� �

zKGf{, dbÇyqƒ ˆ (jcvzfb) n©mfdbk hfkGfhr (duhvDstv) zfbDk hfBD, sp mrfwdÙÁLv, zfvswv mfdtsjv dbje mpGflfiafå. sp snJfsb mfbAhv ˆhQ dhÇhfnHfub. (kfjHDv } 19-21)

ˆ rt nhGswaô dIdvwXkf duhvDt �-ˆv dhwftkf W wdÙÁv hBGbf. zfv ˆj swaBDv dIdvwXkfv dhwftkfv hBGbf ifWqf pfq. zfv k]fvf

rstb mrfb zfïfrv zfvw-hfrj dIdvwXkf. k]fslv hAfifsv mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»�4j9�B09��9#B 9 ��9!�FنG'�GشB�9���4אj:�9�9)�B#4!�4/V�4א��j:;4<:�9!�B#4!�QK:�9!�B#9��9�E�9)7"�B7ذ4ن��4��9":ن"�.»"7ذ9��4j9<�4�4�B�9��7�9J4�9!�4/4X4-�9���:�G'�4/4�5�م� �

zKGf{, zfvw hrbjfvD dIdvwXkfmàtDv zbAkm dIdvwXkf nìsá hBGbf dlsk zfmfsj zbcmdk slWqf rsqsY sp, k]fv jfsbv tdk sKsj

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 13

j]fL ipG§À mLAhkGD ²¿fsbv lCvk¶ rt nfkw hYsvv iK. (zfhC lf†l 4729, dn} nrDrfr 151bQ)

dIdvwXkfv nxdóok ùdtqf

1. k]fslv i[ hf Ffbf dIdvwXkfmàtDv Ffbf zfsY, spmb mrfb nxdójkGf zfmfslvsj

ufdbsqsYb. jfsvf 2de, jfsvf 3de, jfsvf 4de zKhf jfsvf kfv sKsjW shdw Ffbf zfsY. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}��9AB�F!� Qj904ABq:"� o47و�"� ��5�5�� 4j:;4<�:�9��א� G@4��9q� GضB��و9א�|: 4z9�و9א�Fא��� G�4N�:Y� 4/V�4�� 5�B�90�אp�$4�:O�Q�Bo9��E@78��:�9��9/Vא���FنG'���9�9$��9!�Gf�9w�א�o4Y�5�$GI9$�95 9�ع���N�Y)��١(}و�5�9:���9و9 �

zKGf{, nm²À iawQnf zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv nxdójkGf zfïfrvƒ---dpdb dIdvñfslvsj hfBDhfrj (lCk) jsvb; pfvf lcƒ-lcƒ, dkb-dkb zKhf yfv-yfv Ffbfdhdwó. dkdb k]fv nxdósk pf ƒ¤Yf hxdÝ j'sv Kfsjb. dbÇyqƒ zfïfr nhGdhNsq nhGwdÙÁmfb. (Ifdk¶v } 1)

zfv iCshG …dïdJk rsqsY sp, duhvDt �-ˆv Yqw Ffbf zfsY. snƒ Ffbfv Ufise pmpm jcqfv …{idÙ. (hcJfvD 3364bQ) (mkf§Àsv dwð ƒnmf„stv sofVfdtv zfOfsk pmpsmv …{idÙ.)

2. k]fslv v™i-snZ¦lpG mrfb nxdójkGf dIdvwXkfsj nc¦lv W n©mfbubj zfjxdk dlsq nxdó

jsvsYb. spmb dkdb duhvDt � nìsá hstsYb, }��9%7X��5�$4�9��5/9א�V�9�)٥�(�9%96B��:Y�Q�F�4!�٦(}ذ5و��(+iAא����%�� �

zKGf{, kfsj dw[f lfb jsv yvm wdÙÁwftD, (dIdvñf duhaf„t). nclwGb, sn (dbu zfjxdksk) d²¿v rsqdYt. (bfuXm } 6)

ƒhsb zfêfsnv msk `pc-dmvGfr' mfsb nclwGb; zhwA ˆv zbA zKGW jvf rsqsY.

ˆmdbsk stfjmfsU iaydtk, nc¦lvsj dIdvwXkfv nfsK ˆhQ jc{dnksj wqkfsbv nfsK kctbf jvf rq. nc¦lv mfbcsNv ubA htf rq, `mfbcN bq,

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 14

spb dIdvwXkf!' spmb ƒ…ncI bhD �-ˆv v™i slsJ zdHHCk rsq pctfƒJfv zfrCk nmfstfyj mdrtfvf hstdYt. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�F#5,BAE!�Q�9�4)و9א�F@78�Bk9-29و�|:;F65!�F#5,:��Bz9�96B�:"9و�F#G,B :�G'�Bk:�9�B�:"�F#4�G�;9�4 �Bk9�4�9���F�:�:Y9���F�:�:Y�F#G,B :�9��B5ج�BZ�4אk:��:O9و��]A ":$�5/9�B�9�8:"�5/9ABو�F#5,9$4�B$:"�9#B�V~:O9و7O9�#�9(9�ش9U9���9!�4/>�4��9א��4;�

p+$G�:8��K:�9!�VSG'9א�U9��BنG'�٣١(} �9�9[א��(d�%$���%�� �zKGf{, mdrtfde pJb kfslv yÛÁfs§Àv jKf wcbt, kJb sn kfslvsj

sFsj ifEft ˆhQ ˆjde ShEsjv zfsqfub jvt. kfslv iaskAjsj ˆjde jsv Ycdv dlt ˆhQ kfsj htt, `kfslv nfmsb shv rW.' zk}iv kfvf pJb kfsj slJt, kJb kfvf kfv (v™i-mfLcspG) zdHHCk rt ˆhQ dbsuslv rfk sjse sItt. kfvf htt, `zfïfr idhÛ! ˆ skf mfbcN bq. ˆ skf ˆj mdrmfd¦hk dIdvñf!' (ƒ…ncI } 31)

3. mfbcsNv zfjxdk W dIdvwXkfv zfjxdk dj jfYfjfdY? ufshv � jkGxj hdBGk, vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

»�5kB$:"9��9qG�ل5A9��G%��9:�و9�B#4!�5/F�:|:8�G9�لqE�9#4א��!�p�B�9W��9�%5!ذ9א�G*:Y�5��9 4�B�:א��F�:�9��9ضG�5���9+9$B�9!�9#B ��9א� B/�4א���F:م4�−�5:�5 9�9��4/4,[�−���9kB$:"9��B#9!�5�9�O:"ذ9א�G*:Y��Q5%د�B�9!�5#B �7�9وB�5��

�B+7;5�4)�91��],9�9��4/4 �5kB$:"9��B#9!�5�9�O:"ذ9א�G*:Y�4/B :�9��4/V�5א��z�91�9:9%א+ ���4AB�9$−و9�9�B G'�5kB$:"9א�4�5/9�L9��−�9@$G�B�4q�5kB$:"9� ���7j9و9B)4�5 9�9��4/4,[��دkB$:"9��B#9!�5�9�O:"ذ9א�G*:Y�«.� �

zKGf{, ˆjlf zfmfv dbje bhDoBsj siw jvf rt. slJtfm, mCnf rfîf slrdhdwó (mLAm Lvsbv) icv¢N, spb dkdb (ƒqfmfsbv) wfbCzfr sofsÛv stfj. „nf dhb mfvqAfm �-sj slJtfm, zfmfv slJfv msLA nflxswA k]fv nhsysq shdw jfYfjfdY dYt …vWqfr dhb mfn†l. ƒhafrDm (n¶ftfWqfkcïfdr zftfƒdr)sj slJtfm, zfmfv slJfv msLA nflxswA k]fv nhsysq shdw jfYfjfdY dYt skfmfslv nÌD (…sÜwA dkdb dbsu). zfv duhvDt �-sj slJtfm, zfmfv slJfv msLA nflxswA k]fv nhsysq shdw jfYfjfdY dYt dlrXqAfr. (mcndtm 441bQ)

…ÙÁ rflDsn duhvDt �-sj nfrfhD dlrXqAfr �-ˆv nlxw htf rsqsY. dj§Â kf zfnst duhvDstv LfvBjxk v™i. bsy{ k]fv zfnt

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 15

zfjxdk dhwft ˆhQ i[dhdwó. zdLjfQw nmsq dkdb …ÙÁ nfrfhDv v™i LfvB jsv mrfbhD �-ˆv dbje zfomb jvskb.

4. nxdóok zfjfsv W mpGflfq k]fvf nmfb bb dIdvwXkfhoG nxdóok zfjfv W zfqksb nmfb bb. htf hfùtA, djYc

dIdvwXkfv lcde Ffbf zfsY, djYcv zfsY dkbde hf yfvde. duhvDt �-ˆv zfsY Yqw Ffbf.

spmb k]fslv vsqsY ixKj ixKj ²¿fb W mpGflf. mrfb zfïfr dIdvwXkfv jKf …Ýxk j'sv hstsYb,

}p7%م�B�F!�pم�:X9!�5/:���V�G'��FA4!��9!9�١٦٤(}و�(z�Y�א�����%�� �ªzfmfslv iaskAsjv ubAƒ dbLGfdvk ²¿fb vsqsY.« (n¶fIXIfk } 164) dkdb duhvDt � n©isjG hstsYb,

}� +$G�:8� �5�9%ل� ��:B%:Xل5 5/F�G')١٩� (� �4;9!� GشB�9��א� T4ذ� 9�A4�� Q�F%7O� T4٢٠(ذ� (�F+9�� !5~:�ع���א�6;%$�)��٢١(}":!4�%�� �

ªdbÇyqƒ ˆ (jcvzfb) n©mfdbk hfkGfhr (duhvDstv) zfbDk hfBD, sp mrfwdÙÁLv, zfvswv mfdtsjv dbje mpGflfiafå. sp snJfsb mfbAhv ˆhQ dhÇhfnHfub.« (kfjHDv } 19-21)

dIdvwXkfosBv msLA nhGswaô dIdvwXkf rstb k]fvf, p]fvf mrfbhD �-ˆv nfsK hlv pcsÝ zQwoarB jsvdYstb.

dvIfzfr ƒhsb vfsI' pcvfj¶D � hstb, bhD �-ˆv dbje duhvDt ˆsn htstb, `hlv pcsÝ zQw oarBjfvDslvsj zfibfslv mfsU jDv™i oBA jsvb?' dkdb htstb, ªnhGswaô mcndtmslv swaBDHcÙÁ oBA jdv.« zKhf zbcv™i sjfb hfjAƒ dkdb htstb. (duhvDt) htstb, `hlv pcsÝ zQwoarBjfvD dIdvñfoBW zbcv™i (nhGswaô dIdvñfosBv swaBDHcÙÁ).' (hcJfvD 3992bQ)

5. k]fslv msLA ²ÃD-icv¢N sbƒ njt dIdvwXkf ˆjƒ ufkDq. k]fslv msLA ²ÃD-icv¢N sbƒ. dj§Â

zfvshv mcwdvjvf ˆ hAfifsv LfvBfhsw dIdvwXkfoBsj `zfïfrv jbAf'

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 16

htk. kfvf dbsuvf jbAf ziY¦l jvk. zKy zfïfrv jbAf zfsY hst lfhD jvk. jcvzfsb sn jKfv …sïJ vsqsY. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

وG'9ذ9א� �9�E�5":(��9��7��4 �B+5�5�9)�٥٧(�V/�4א90B�5��4z�9A9�����5/9و5,96B�9$��9!�B+5,:�9%ن�9و7�9�Bi9$9%ن4��9{� p+ 4�:8� �و9%5�9 �!B�5%9د�א 5/5,Bq9و� F@:�)٥٨�(�5/7;4�B�5$:"� 4/4 � 9�E�5 � �9!� 4�%5�� B#4!� GمB%:X�א� B#4!��9�9%969$א

S:"�4���א�0A@)�٥٩(}���9�B09$��9!�9;5�7%ن5���:�9�9%ن�":م�o4Y�5/P�5�9$�Bא�9�P6א �zKGf{, kfvf dbLGfdvk jsv zfïfrv ubA jbAf-n§Àfb zKy dkdb idhÛ;

zfv kfslv ubA kfƒ, pf kfvf jfmbf jsv! kfslv jf…sj pJb jbAf-n§Àfsbv ncnQhfl slWqf rq, kJb kfv mcJmàt jft rsq pfq ˆhQ sn znrbDq mb²Àfsi dj½ó rq. kfsj sp nQhfl slWqf rq, kfv o½fdb srkc sn dbu n©ialfq rsk zfk¹sofib jsv; sn dy§Àf jsv sp, rDbkf nsÙ¶W sn kfsj svsJ slsh, bf mfdesk ic]sk slsh. nfhLfb! kfvf pf dnÝf§À jsv, kf jkƒ bf dbjxó. (bfrXt } 57-59)

zk}iv mrfb zfïfr zfsvf hstsYb, 4��9":ن��F:,�5+5א9�9q�:S��9AB�50�م�9":ن�Fو7�9�Bi9$9%ن�4��9</�4!9��$9;�5�9%ن9{U:;��5+5,569אA4��:"�5d4�9-9و�

��9و7N9�LP!�+5,F�:"9%ن9�FA�0@)��٦٢(}�:,�5+5אAא����%�� �zKGf{, pf kfvf ziY¦l jsv, kfƒ kfvf zfïfrv iadk zfsvfi jsv;

kfslv dur¶f dmKAf hBGbf jsv (hst) sp, `mÌt kfslvƒ ubA.' ök}dnÝ jKf sp, dbÇyqƒ kfslv ubA zfsY slfpJ ˆhQ kfvfƒ nhGfsoa kfsk dbd[å rsh. (bfrXt } 62)

`dIdvwXkf zfïfrv jbAf'---ˆ jKf kfvf zf¦lfsu-zbcmfsb htk. zKy zfïfr nìsá ˆƒ swaBDv sjfb jKf zbcmfb W LfvBf j'sv htf jcIvD. mrfb zfïfr zfsvf hstsYb,

}9�4�� B#4!� 5/:�� �و%7�9�9q9א p�4�5!� p�%7L:;:�� �א�9��G�ن9 FنG'� ��5f7�Bw9$)�١٥(�دBI5q�4�4�א �F�4!� 9U9wF-א� Bم:"�9�4A9���4 �B+78�:LB1:"9و�Qz�9A9 )١٦�(�5/5,Bq9و�F@:���9�9!�G#9�B)F��4��9�9�9W��9�4 �B+5�5�9):"�9�E�5 ذ9א�G'9و

� p+ 4�:8� �و9%5�9 �١٧(!B�5%9د�א ��o4Yא�) 7|F�9A5$� B#9!9و:"� �4�5!� 5�B :M� G9�4�مw�א�o4Y� �و9%5�9 4j9 �40)١٨�(

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 17

�B+5,5-9569;9,9��5�96�د��B+5,:X�9Z5وא��G,9�:"����9�G'�G#9�B)F9�4�د�5א����B+5��9#$4UVא��:j:;4<�9��%7�9�9א�אq9و��א���ZI)�١٩(}وB�5$9|:�7%ن9 �

ªWvf k]fv lfnslv mLA rsk (djYcsj) k]fv nÙfv zQw oBA jsv. mfbcN skf ±ióƒ zjxkÎ. dkdb dj k]fv nxdó rsk dbsu jbAf-n§Àfb oarB jsvsYb ˆhQ skfmfslv ubA msbfbDk jsvsYb icÛ n§Àfb? Wvf ivm lqfmq zfïfrv iadk sp jbAf-n§Àfb zfsvfi jsv, Wslv jf…sjW sn jbAf n§Àfsbv nQhfl slWqf rst kfv mcJmàt jfstf rsq pfq ˆhQ sn znrbDq mb²Àfsi dj¾ó rq. (Wvf dj zfïfrv iadk ˆmb n§Àfb zfsvfi jsv,) sp ztQjfsv tfdtk-ifdtk rq ˆhQ kjG-dhkjG jfst ±ió pcdÙÁ lfsb znmKG. Wvf lqfmq zfïfrv dIdvñfslvsj bfvD hst d²¿v jsv, Wvf dj kfslv nxdó iakA[ jsvdYt? Wslv …dÙÁ dtdihÝ jvf rsh ˆhQ Wslvsj duÎfnf jvf rsh.« (pcJv¢I } 15-19)

}� �א5A9��%ن9 B+5,:�9و� 5z�9A9��א� :KE 9�4�:"� B+G,46L96B��:Y)١٤٩� ��9��5�4ون�9) B+5�9و� ���9�G'� :j:;4<�9��א� �9AX:�9Z� Bم:" 7X9%�7%ن�9)�١٥٠(:��B+G,4;YG'�B#4!�B+5,F�G'�S:")١٥١�(�9ذ4 5%ن�:;:��B+5,F�G'9�7و�":אL:~B1:��א�4z�9A9��)�١٥٢(و�9�:�9א9��9�4A9��5�7%ن�9)�١٥٣(�:��א;B09-�9dB :8�B+7;:���9!)١٥٤�(�95ون�V89U9-��:Y:")١٥٥�(�p�4�5!�p5�~:�ن��B+7;:��Bم:")١٥٦�(9�4O491�د�B+56A78�BنG'�B+7;4 �964;4 %5א�-|:Y{)�١٥٧(z�Y�א���� �

ªWslvsj duÎfnf jv, `zfïfrv ubA dj jbAfn§Àfb ˆhQ Wslv dbsuslv ubA icÛn§Àfb? zKhf Wvf dj …id²¿k dYt pJb zfdm dIdvñfslvsj bfvDv™si nxdó jsvdYtfm?' slJ, Wvf mboVf jKf hst Kfsj; pJb hst, `zfïfr n§Àfb u¦m dlsqsYb.' dbÇyq Wvf dmKAfhflD. dkdb dj icÛn§Àfsbv idvhskG jbAfn§Àfb iY¦l jsvsYb? skfmfslv dj rsqsY, skfmfslv ˆ sjmb dnÝf§À? ksh dj skfmvf …islw oarB jvsh bf? skfmfslv dj nc±ió ltDt-iamfB zfsY? skfmvf nkAhflD rst skfmfslv oa§¿ …id²¿k jv.« (n¶fIXIfk } 149-157)

ˆƒHfsh hù mfbcsNv mmGmCst jk wk zmCtj LfvBf hÝmCt rsq zfsY, kf htfv zsi[f vfsJ bf. äDbD ƒtXm kKf jcvzfb W ncâfrv zfstf sKsj sp mfbcN pk nsv pfq, snƒ mfbcsNv mbsj ˆƒ swaBDv dHdÙrDb

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 18

zfjDlfv zájfv zf¤Yâ j'sv sIst. Ist sn jcIvD W dwjGD dhw¶fsnv zájfsv rfhcFchc sJsk Kfsj.

mrfb zfïfr kfsj YfVshb bf. kfv jmGjfà W zspZdÙÁj jKfhfkGf dtsJ vfJshb. zk}iv jft djqfmsk l²Âvmskf kfv drnfh sbshb. spsrkc mrfb zfïfrv nìsá zbcmfsb sjfb m§ÀhA jvf mrf zbAfq W dhwft sofbfr.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, �و9":ن�{ Ef90�א� G�B 9�4 � 9oB�9��و9א� 9+B�Gو9א�� 9#:~9 � �و9!9� �9,BA4!� 9�9,:�� �9!� �אL�:9%א(9�4 9oE 9�� �(F�9م9 �9�F�G'� B@7O

4 �BلEI9A5$�B+:���9!�4/>���4 %78א�G�B�5-95%ن�:�B�9-�:S��9!�4/>%7�%7א���9:��א��X9-א���א�)��٣٣(}/5��4�~:��[��و9":ن�� �ªht, `zfmfv iadkiftj dbdNÝ jsvsYb iajfwA W sofib

zÇtDtkfsj, ififyfvsj W znQok dhsûfrsj ˆhQ sjfb djYcsj zfïfrv zQwD jvfsj, pfv sjfb ltDt dkdb siavB jsvbdb ˆhQ zfïfr nìsá ˆmb djYc htfsj (dbdNÝ jsvsYb), sp n©isjG skfmfslv sjfb Îfb sbƒ.« (zf'vfI } 33)

zbcv™i zbcmfbianCk ˆjde jKf, `zfïfrv icÛ zfsY.' jcvzfb mfuDslv dhdHâ ²¿fsb ˆhQ nCvf ƒJtfsn dkdb kf Jàb jsvsYb. ˆj ²¿fsb dkdb hstsYb,

�o4Y��9!�5/:��Po4A9��א��9�F�و9א�zو�o4Y��9!9א�:�BضG'�GنO�B:��%7א�א-�9U9wFא��</�5و�9:�[א��90B�5���9%5��5/9א{���$%��)��٦٨(}�E!�+789�A4#��5�~:�ن� 9U9,4א�":-7X%�7%ن�9��9:��א��</�B�9-�:S��9!�4:�5%ن9%�� �

zKGf{, kfvf hst, `zfïfr n§Àfb oarB jsvsYb.' dkdb idhÛ. dkdbƒ zmcJfsi[D. zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDsk pf djYc zfsY nh k]fvƒ. ˆ dhNsq skfmfslv jfsY sjfb iamfBW sbƒ. skfmvf dj zfïfr nìsá ˆmb jKf htY, pf skfmfslv ufbf sbƒ? (ƒ…bcn } 68)

zfnst wqkfbƒ mfbcNsj ˆƒ swaBDv zmCtj jKf htsk zbciafdBk jsv. kfƒ mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}:�� 5/F�G'� Gن�:~B Fא��� 4z5~9%7אZ� �-%5�4�F69א S9و� p�4�5!� ��5�9و? B+7;)١٦٨(��4�%P���4 � B+785�5!|9$� �9�F�G'���א����X)��١٦٩(}و9א9�B0:L����و9":ن�-%7�%7X9א���9:��א��</�B�9-�:S��9!�4:�5%ن9%�� �

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 19

zKGf{, skfmvf wqkfsbv ilf£j zbcnvB jsvf bf, db}ns¦lr sn skfmfslv iajfwA wÛ¢. sn skf sjht skfmfslvsj m¦l W zÇtDt jfspGv dbslGw slq ˆhQ sn yfq sp, zfïfr nìsá pf ufb bf, skfmvf kf ht. (hfj¶fvfr } 168-169)

6. dIdvwXkf ifbfrfv jsvb bf dIdvwXkfslv mfsU bfvD-icv¢N sbƒ, skmdb k]fslv ifbfrfsvv iasqfub

isV bf. ˆjlf ƒhafrDm �-ˆv jfsY djYc dIdvwXkf smrmfb shsw ˆst dkdb k]fslv nfmsb Jfhfv siw jvst k]fvf Jfbdb. sn jKf mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

9 9�B G'�4dBא�4 +�9א5��;�9!�9�4W�5�$4�9)�:t�9-:"�B@9�)٢٤�(�9ل�:O��!�9%7א����:X:Y�4/B 'Gذ�Bد%7�9Z9א���9: O�B+G,B:�ل�9)�٢٦(Y:�9אغ�9i:Y�4/4�B�:"��:�G'�9�Bi4�4 �9@��4�9��)�٢٥(��9مB%:O�pمA5!�p;:�5ون�9:�G'�5/9 F�:X:Y

4 O�j:L:��%7א��:�Y:|:وBA4!�9�9qB)�٢٧(":�S-9|7�78%ن�9Z�B+5,��+ ��)٢٨(-�Bd9w9و5�F�9 9و��5 �5�4م��4�9 �zKGf{, skfmfv dbje ƒhafrDsmv n©mfdbk smrmfbslv hxÙf§À ˆsnsY

dj? pJb kfvf kfv dbje …id²¿k rsq htt, `nftfm.' …Ùsv sn htt, `nftfm. ˆvf skf zidvdyk stfj.' zk}iv ƒhafrDm nQsofisb kfv ²ÃDv dbje sot ˆhQ ˆjde (Hcbf) mfQnt hfYcv dbsq ˆt. kf kfslv nfmsb vfJt ˆhQ htt, `skfmvf Jf¤Y bf sjb?' kJb kfslv n©isjG kfv msb HDdkv nÑfv rt. kfvf htt, `Hq sisqf bf.' zk}iv kfvf kfsj ˆj ÎfbD icÛ-n§Àfsbv ncnQhfl dlt. (pfdvqfk } 24-28)

dkdb zbAÛ hstsYb, 9��9q� B�:X:�9�9و�9�q� Bن:"� 9�4�:�� �9�:Y� p�9م�� �O:�ل9 �!�9�� �O:��%7א �9�B�5���4 � 9+ �'9�B Gא�4 �9A7�5�5�� Bz

�QU 4A9)�@Bi4�4 )٦٩�(:S�B+5,9$4�B$:"��:"9���F�:�:Y�Bو9":و�B+5�9�4;9��4/B :�G'�5@4�9-%7א���:O�j:L 4Z�B+5,BA4!�9�9q:S�%7��GمB%:O��:�G'��9A�4�B�7"��F�G'�Bd9w9-�Qد)٧٠(ط%��� �

ªzfmfv siadvk dIdvñfvf ƒhafrDsmv dbje ncnQhfl dbsq zfomb j'sv htt, `nftfm.' ƒhafrDmW (…Ùsv) htt, `nftfm.' zk}iv zbdkdhtsì ˆjef Hcbf hfYcv dbsq ˆt. dj§Â pJb sn slJt sp, kfslv rfk snƒ JfslAv dlsj zoanv rs¤Y bf, kJb kfslvsj zßck Hfhsk

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 20

tfot ˆhQ msb msb kfslv hAfifsv wdËk rt; (ˆ slsJ) kfvf htt, `kcdm Hq jvsh bf, zfmvf tCk n©ialfsqv iadk siadvk rsqdY.' (rCl } 69-70)

ncqCkD IfJv¢v vfpDv …dÙÁ …Ýxk j'sv hstsYb, `…tfmfoB ˆ hAfifsv ˆjmk sp, dIdvwXkfoB ifbfrfv jsvb bf ˆhQ dhhfr-wflD jsvb bf.' (zft-rfhfƒj ID zfJhfdvt mftfƒj 264ix})

7. k]fvf waf§À-j½f§À rb bf dIdvwXkfmàtD nlf-nhGlf mrfb zfïfrv ƒhflk W zfbcoskA mwÈt

Kfsjb, k]fv ùjcm kfmDt W zfslw iftsb k{iv Kfsjb. zfv kfsk k]fvf mfbcsNv mskf sjfb iajfsvv zftnA hf j½fd§À zbcHh jsvb bf.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, �א��9�F�و9א{ o4Y� #9!� �S:و�9:/5 5�9�A4�� B#9!9و� GضB��و9א�|: 4z96B�9$�:S9و� ��9�4�د4/4-9 B#9�� �;�5�4ون9

�E�9�5$:S�9)�١٩(5�4�B096B�9$ون�9�9,FA�9و9א�@B V5�56ون509%ن�9א��L9$�{)�٢٠�(�� ���א���%�� �zKGf{, zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDsk pfvf zfsY kfvf kf]vƒ mfdtjfbfLDb.

zfv k]fv nfdâsLA pfvf zfsY, kfvf k]fv …ifnbf jvsk zrQjfv jsv bf ˆhQ j¾fd§À shfLW jsv bf. kfvf dlhf-vfdÛ k]fv idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jsv; kfvf ³wdKtA jsv bf. (‚dìqf } 19-20)

…ÙÁ zfqfksj dHdÙ jsv …tfmfoB hstb, dIdvwXkfhoG dbûfdHHCk rb bf. (zft-rfhfƒj 264ix})

�9�50E�9�5$�:KE 9%ن��9:/�5 4{�A4��9#$4UV��:Y96;�5�9وא�Bא��GنG*:Y:S�B+5�9و�G��9,FAو9א��G@B V���95%ن!:|B�9$�{�� �zKGf{, Wvf zrQjfv jvstW pfvf skfmfv iadkiftsjv nfdâsLA

vsqsY, kfvf skf dlb-vfk k]fv idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jsv ˆhQ kfvf j¾fd§ÀshfL jsv bf. (rf-mDm nfulfr } 38)

8. dIdvwXkfhsoGv zh²¿fbs[Û zdLjfQw dIdvwXkfhsoGv zh²¿fbs[Û rt zfjfw. k]fvf zfjfsw

sKsj mrfb zfïfrv zfbcokA jsvb. dkdb hstsYb, }B�96B�9$9و�B+G,E 9��4�B�904 �950%نE�9�5$�7j:;4<�:�9��و9א�F#G,4OB%:Y�#4!�9نB�V~:L969$�5z9�و9א�F5�4ون�9-9;:�د�5א��L

5+ 4)F�5א���%7L9���9%5��9א/Vא���FنG'��:�:"�GضB��)��٥(}��o4Y�#9�4א�|:����א��%%�� �

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 21

zKGf{, zfjfwmàtD †L¶Gslw rsk sHsM iVfv …iÛÁm rq ˆhQ dIdvñf kfslv iadkiftsjv niawQn idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jsv ˆhQ ixdKhDv hfdn¦lfv ubA [mf iafKGbf jsv. susb vfJ sp, dbÇyq zfïfr, dkdbƒ yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqftc. (wCvf } 5)

zfhC pfvG � hstb, vfnCtcïfr hstsYb, )��, 4Y��!�V�4�9-ن�"����Ff9)�5و���F�4א��k>N"�95�9%ن�B�9-�:S��!�5 9�B�"ن�9وB9�9و-�:S�!��9�"�o��'

4/V�4��5/969,B�9q�p 4Wو9א��K:�9!و�VSG'�9 4 �1"�G 9 B�"�5 4WB%9!�5+:�B�"��!�95%ن�:�B�9-�B%����-�4q���&��9א�وא�4z�5א�Pא���&'�B+6Bq9�9w:و��G5�7شL�����4א����EA�� �B+5-Bذ�U:�9-��!א�وJ4�:8�B+56B 4 ��و�:�9;:�O�B+56;409{:�

��5ون�9'&�א|Bi9-.(� �ªzhwAƒ zfdm sldJ, pf skfmvf slJsk ifW bf ˆhQ ðdb, pf skfmvf

ðbsk ifW bf. zfjfw jeXjeX j'sv wè jvsY. zfv ˆ wè kfv jvf nfsu. ˆsk yfv zfÌct idvmfB ˆmb ufqof sbƒ, spJfsb sjfb dIdvñf zfïfrv ubA dnulfq dbu jift zhbk vfsJbdb. zfïfrv jnm! skfmvf pdl ufbsk pf zfdm ufdb, ksh skfmvf jm rfnsk ˆhQ shwD j]flsk ˆhQ dhYfbfq skfmvf ²ÃDslv nfsK zfb¦l …isHfo jvsk bf. (hvQ) skfmvf zfïfrv zfwaq sbWqfv ubA isK isK shv rsq spsk.« (zfrmfl, dkvdmpD, ƒhsb mfufr, rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr 1722bQ)

dIdvwXkfmàtD mrfb iadkiftsjv jfsY sKsj ƒhflsk mwÈt Kfsjb. dkdb hstsYb,

�9�50E�9�5$�:KE 9%ن��9:/�5 4{�A4��9#$4UV��:Y96;�5�9وא�Bא��GنG*:Y:S�B+5�9و�G��9,FAو9א��G@B V���95%ن!:|B�9$�{�� � zKGf{, Wvf zrQjfv jvstW pfvf skfmfv iadkiftsjv nfdâsLA

vsqsY, kfvf skf dlb-vfk k]fv idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jsv ˆhQ kfvf j¾fd§ÀshfL jsv bf. (rf-mDm nfulfr } 38)

k]fvf mrfb zfïfrv zfslwÛÁsm snJfb rsk ixdKhDv dlsj zhkvB jsvb. dkdb hstsYb,

}�:KP 9��5!9�� 9 9A$4�B$:"�9#B��و9A:L�9Z��9!9��و9!9�� 9 B#�9ذK4�9:�و9!9��8:�ن�9/:��:KE 9��G�B!:|4 ��V�G'�5لFI9A969���9!9و�� 4�9�{)�٦٤�(+$�!���%�� �

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 22

zKGf{, (duhaf„t htt,) `zfmvf zfibfv iadkiftsjv zfslw hAdksvsj zhkvB jdv bf; zfmfslv n©mcsJ W iÇyfsk pf zfsY W ˆƒ lcƒsqv z§ÀhGkGD pf zfsY kf k]fvƒ. zfv zfibfv iadkiftj Hcthfv bb.' (mfvqAfm } 64)

dhswN nmsq k]fvf zhkvB jsvb; spmb wshjlsv zhkvB jsvb dhswN iasqfusb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}��B,9��4d�:"�B#4!�p�B 9Z�G�B�:X�א� 7j:�B :�)٣�(�B#4!�B+G,E 9��GنBذG*4 ��9, 4Y�5}وP�7و9א��j:;4<�9��ل�5אFI9A9-��B!:"�E@78)٤�(G�Bi:L�א�G :�~9!��F69)�9o4��p�٥(}��9م(� �

zKGf{, mpGflfiCBG vfdÛ nrna mfn zsi[f …Ùm. ‰ vfdÛsk dIdvñfoB W v™r (duhvDt) zhkDBG rq iaskAj jfsu kfslv iadkiftsjv zbcmdkÛÁsm. wfd§Àmq snƒ vfdÛ Iuv …lq rWqf ipG§À. (j¶flXv } 3-5)

9. dIdvwXkfhsoGv nQJAf dIdvwXkf znQJA nxdó. k]fslv nQJAf nxdójkGf YfVf zbA sj… ufsb bf.

dkdb hstsYb, }9%5���V�G'�:KE 9����א�)��٣١(}و5A5q�5+:�B�9$��9!9%د�9%����� �

zKGf{, skfmfv iadkiftsjv hfdrbD n©isjG ˆjmfÛ dkdbƒ ufsbb. (mcÜfNXdNv } 31)

`zft-hfƒkct mf'mCv'-ˆ ƒhflkjfvD dIdvwXkfv nQJAf ufbsk ifvst k]fslv zfdLsjAv jKf zbcmfb jvf pfq. iakAr sn oxsr nÙv rfufv dIdvwXkf bfmfp isVb. zk}iv däkDqhfv k]fvf dIsv ˆsn bfmfp iVfv ncspfo tfH jsvb bf! (hcJfvD 3207, mcndtm 429bQ)

zfv ˆjde rflDn sKsj dIdvwXkfv nQJAf zbcmfb jvf pfq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�.»�5�B�9���9,:��QU4�9!B%9$�9+FA9,9i4 ��9-BC5$%ن�9d�:"�9زG!9�م�!�E@78�9 9زG!9�م��5�B�9%نP�5i9$�QK:�9!�9d�:"�9و�9,9��« �ªdjqfmskv dlb ufrfâfmsj ˆ zh²¿fq dbsq zfnf rsh sp, kfv nÙv

rfufv tfofm Kfjsh. iaskAj tfofsmv nfsK nÙv rfufv dIdvñf Kfjshb. kf]vf kf efbsk Kfjshb.« (mcndtm 7343bQ)

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 23

nckvfQ ufrfâfm zfbqbjfvD dIdvwXkfv nQJAf rsh yfv dmdtqfv bqw dmdtqb, zKGf{ yfvw bêƒ sjfde!

ˆ YfVf vsqsY oHGfwsq hDspGv idvypGf jvfv ubA dIdvwXkf, iaskAj mfbcsNv nfsK sbjD-hlD stJfv ubA lcƒ dIdvwXkf (djvfmfb jfdkhDb), v[Bfsh[sBv ubA dIdvwXkf, ncisK idvyftbfv ubA nlfnÌD dIdvwXkf (j¶fvDb) ƒkAfdl. ˆskW dIdvwXkf nQJAfdLjA zbcmfb jvf pfq.

10. dIdvwXkfv bfm dIdvwXkfhsoGv dbdlGó bfm zfsY. zfmvf mfÛ jdkiq dIdvwXkfv bfm

ufbsk ifdv. zdLjfQswvƒ bfm ufdb bf. ufbf bfm dbmv™i }-

1-2. duhvf„t W mDjf„t zft-j¶cvzfsb …sïJ rsqsY duhvDt W mDjft hf duhvf„t W

mDjf„stv bfm. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }9@$G�B�4i9#�8:�ن5�9��9و�א���!�B@7O�4/B$9�9$�9#B 9 ��9�����OE�9�5!�4/>א���GنBذG*4 �:K4��:O��:�9��5/:�FI9��5/F�G*:Y�

9���9�4A4!BC5��4و9�B�5 9و������</�4و9!9=>4;:�4/46و9��4/4�5�5وG�B�4q9$@�9و9!4 ;:�ل�9)��٩٧(��5[ !9#�8:�ن5�9��9و�א9#$G�4Y�:;����?א��</5�9��9و�FنG*:Y{)�٩٨�(�Xא�����%��� �

zKGf{, (sr bhD!) ht, `sp duhaf„stv wÛ¢ rsh sn susb vfJcj, sn (duhaf„t) skf zfïfrv dbslGwÛÁsm skfmfv r™lsq jcvzfb si]ZsY slq, pf kfv iChGhkDG djkfh (LmGoa§¿)nmCsrv nmKGj ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv ubA pf iK ialwGj W ncnQhfllfkf.' sp zfïfr, k]fv dIdvñf (lCk)osBv, vnCt (siadvk icv¢N)osBv, duhaf„t W mDjf„stv wÛ¢ rsh, sn susb vfJcj sp, dbÇyqƒ zfïfr zdhw¶fnDslv wÛ¢. (hfj¶fvfr } 97-98)

zhwA duhvDt �-sj zsbj nmq `v™r' hst zfJAfqb jvf rsqsY. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

4�K4��:O��:�9�9#$G:��964;7%ن4!�9)�١٩٣(�9I9ل�9 �4/4א��Pو{�5א�|:!�5�4{UA5���١٩٤(}�9#א�(� �ªdhw¶²À v™r (duhaf„t) kf dbsq zhkvB jsvsY, skfmfv r™lsq, pfsk

kcdm nkjGjfvD rsk ifsvf.« (ðzf'vf } 193-194) }�B!:"�E@78�#E!�+G,E 9��GنBذG*4 ��9, 4Y�5}وP�7و9א��j:;4<�:�9��ل�5אFI9A9-{)�٤�(��Xא����%�� �

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 24

ª‰ vfdÛsk dIdvñfoB W v™r (duhvDt) zhkDBG rq iaskAj jfsu kfslv iadkiftsjv zbcmdkÛÁsm.« (j¶flXv } 4)

}��$G%9��9:,9�� �9�9[א��@F�9�96:Y��9A9)5و���9,B :�G'��9A�9�B�:|:Y��] �9i4)�B+G,44#�د5و�!�Bz9U9wF-�:Y{�� �ªzk}iv kfslv rsk sn dbsusj ilGf jvt; zk}iv zfdm kfv

dbje zfmfv v™r (duhaf„t)sj ifEftfm, sn kfv dbje iCBG mfbhfjxdksk zfk¹iajfw jvt.« (mfvqAfm } 17)

3. ƒnvfIDt rflDsn …sïJ rsqsY sp, mrfbhD � ˆjde lczfsk ƒnvfIDstv bfm

htskb. lczfde dbmv™i }- 9�B�G'9�9و@B 4<�:;B 29>4 B@�9و4!�9�B�4q�F�9��F+5,>��:�4و9א�:אאz9�و9א�F�9�4א��N�:Y�،9@B 4Y�4�B �BضG،��9���9+4א9��

�4/B 4Y�9d4�56BZ9�4��א��Bo4�4�B�4ن9،�אB%7L4�96Bw9$�4/B 4Yא�B%5��:8��9�B 4Y�:t49�4��9�د#B 9 �5+7;B09-�9kB�:"�4�99�د,Fو9א��:K4�BذG*4 �Ef90��9#4א!،:�G'�5��9�9-�B#9!�BT4�B,9-�:KF�G'�+B 4X96B�P!�Q9�41אط��.

zKGf{, sr zfïfr! sr duhvf„t, mDjf„t W ƒnvfIDstv iaHc! sr zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv nxubjkGf! sr lxwA W zlxswAv idvÎfkf! kcdm skfmfv hf¦lfslv mfsU mDmfQnf jv, sp dhNsq Wvf mksHl jsv. sp dhNsq mksHl jvf rsqsY sn dhNsq kcdm zfmfsj skfmfv zbcoasr nskAv iK slJfW. dbÇyq kcdm pfsj ƒ¤Yf nvt iK sldJsq Kfj. (mcndtm 1847bQ)

G�B�:X��4א���Gو9U9��B#4!9א�FAא��E�9)�B#4!�:K4 �5ذB%5�:"�9@B 4Y9א�B�G'�F�9�4 B@�9و9<�:;B 9�9�B�4q�Fא>4 B@�9و4!9��F+5,>��:א. zKGf{, sr zfïfr! sr duhvf„t, mDjf„t W ƒnvfIDstv iaHc! zfdm

skfmfv dbje ufrfâfsmv …Ùfi W jhsvv zfpfh sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY. (nrDr bfnf„ 3/1121, n} ufsm' 1305bQ)

dj§Â ƒnvfIDt dj snƒ dIdvwXkf, dpdb dwMfq Ic{jfv jvfv ubA nlf ia²Âk zfsYb?

rflDsn zfsY, dkdb snƒ jfsuƒ hA²À, sjfb sjfb pqDI rflDsn zfsY, dkdb ixdKhDskW zhkvB jsvb. k]fv jmG nìsá iv±iv-dhsvfLD …sïJ swfbf pfq. …tfmfoB hstb, sjfb nrDr rflDsn zfsndb sp, ƒnvfIDt �-ƒ dwMfq Ic{jfv jvshb. nckvfQ zfïfrƒ Hfstf ufsbb.

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 25

4. mfstj ƒdb slfpsJv lfsvfof. jcvzfb mfuDsl ]v …sïJ ˆsnsY. mrfb

zfïfr hstsYb, 9���O�:KP 9:�لF!�+7;F�G'�9�5�48%ن9{AB :�9��G¢X9 4��7K4��9!��9$א�B�٧٧(}و9�9�د9و�(��ZIא����%�� �

zKGf{, Wvf dy{jfv j'sv htsh, `sr mfstj (slfpsJv zdLjkGf)! skfmfv iadkiftj zfmfslvsj db}swN j'sv dlb.' sn htsh, `skfmvf skf (dyvjft) zh²¿fb jvsh.' (pcJv¢I } 77)

5. dvpWqfb ƒhsb jfNDv hstsYb, `shsrwXskv lfsvfof ˆjub dIdvwXkf, k]fsj

dvpWqfb htf rq. djYc rflDsn kfv ±ió …sïJ ˆsnsY.' (zft-dhlfqfr zbX-dbrfqfr 1/53)

ufdb bf, sn njt rflDn nrDr dj bf.

6-7. mcbdjv W bfjDv mrfbhD � hstb, ªmxk hAdÙÁsj jhv²¿ jvf rst kfv dbje bDt

y[cdhdwó jxòhsBGv lcƒ dIdvwXkf zfsnb. ˆjubsj htf rq `mcbdjv' ˆhQ zivsj htf rq `bfjDv'. k]fvf kfsj duÎfnf jsvb, `ˆƒ (bhD) hAdÙÁv hAfifsv kcdm jD htsk?' sn hst, `…db pf htskb kfƒ, zfïfrv hf¦lf W k]fv vnCt. zfdm nf[A dld¤Y sp, zfïfr YfVf sj… (nkA) …ifnA sbƒ ˆhQ mcrf©mfl k]fv hf¦lf W k]fv vnCt.' k]fvf hstb, `zfmvf ufbkfm sp, kcdm kfƒ htsh.' zk}iv kfv jhvsj nÙv rfk ³lOGA W nÙv rfk ia²¿ idvmfsi iaw²À j'sv slWqf rq. zk}iv kf zfstfdjk jvf rq. zk}iv kfsj htf rq, `kcdm Ocdmsq pfW.' sn hst, `zfdm zfmfv idvusbv jfsY dIsv dosq kfslvsj Jhv slh.' k]fvf hstb, `kcdm snƒ hfnv vfskv hsvv mskf Ocdmsq pfW, pfsj kfv idvhfsvv diaqkm YfVf sj… ufofsh bf.' idvswsN zfïfr k]fsj ˆƒ wqbs[Û sKsj icbv¢dÚk jvshb.|||||« (dkvdmpD, dn} nrDrfr 1391bQ)

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 26

8-9. rfv™k W mfv™k ]slv bfm …dïdJk rsqsY jcvzfsb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�9�4N�B Fא��� F#4;:�9و� 9�B�ن5:�5�� 9�:L:8� �و9!9� 9�B�ن9:�5�� 4K�5!��:�9�� 5�4N�9 Fא��� �-%7�B69א �9!� و9א-%5�9�Fא4 � G#B �א�9��:;: �:�9�� �"GI�7ل9 �و9!9� 9�B0Eא��� �א�FA�س9 �$5���9�5%ن9 �وL:8��9!9:�5وא 9z5و��و9!9� 9z5و��9�� 9@4 �9�

5�V�9�969%ن7OE�:L5$��9!��9�5,BA4!�9%ن�9 �4/4:Y�B�7L;9-�:�:Y��j9AB64Y�5#B09���9�F�G'�:S%7X9$��F69)�Q�9):"�B#4!�G9���9�5�ن$9 �9#BאB�9����4و9ز9و�4/4qBو9!9���5+� 4}£9�G*4 �VSG'�Q�9):"�B#4!�4/4 �9#$EذBن�Gא��</�4و9 �:S9و�B+5�P�5{9$��9!�95%ن�V�9�969$

�4/4 � ��9�9وBא �9!� 9�B�4�:�9و� ��9Z:ق B#4!� 4�9�4Z[א� o4Y� 5/:�� �9!� �א�9�96Bא�5 G#9�:�� ��%5�4�9א B�:X:�9و� B+5,5�:LA9$���א����X)��١٠٢(}":�8�B%:��B+5,9�7L:��%5א��B�9$:�5%ن9%�� �

zKGf{, nctfƒmfsbv vfusk¶ wqkfsbvf pf zfhxdÙ jvk, kfvf kf zbcnvB jvk. zKy nctfƒmfb jcIvD (nkAiakAfJAfb) jsvbdb; hvQ wqkfsbvfƒ jcIvD (zdhw¶fn) jsvdYt. kfvf mfbcNsj pflc dw[f dlk, pf hfsht wrsv rfv™k W mfv™k dIdvñflsqv …iv zhkDBG jvf rsqdYt. `zfmvf (rfv™k W mfv™k) ivD[fn¶v™i. nckvfQ skfmvf jcIvD (nkAiakAfJAfb) jsvf bf'---ˆ bf hst kfvf (rfv™k W mfv™k) jf…sjW dw[f dlk bf. khc ˆ lcub rsk kfvf ˆmb dhNq dwJk, pf öfmD-²ÃDv msLA dhs¤Yl Oefk. zKy zfïfrv dbslGw YfVf kfvf jfsvf sjfb [dknfLb jvsk ifvk bf. kfvf pf dw[f jvk, kf kfslv [dknfLb jvk ˆhQ sjfb …ijfsv zfnk bf. zfv kfvf dbdÇykHfsh ufbk sp, sp sj… kf (pflcdhlAf) ÛÁq jsv ivjfst kfv sjfb zQw sbƒ. zfv kfvf pfv idvhskG zfk¹dhÛÁq jsvsY kf dbkf§Àƒ uObA, pdl kfvf kf ufbk! (hfj¶fvfr } 102)

rfv™k W mfv™k lcƒ dIdvñf äfvf sjfb ˆj nmsq mrfb zfïfr hf¦lfslvsj pflcv dIkbfq sIst kfslv jsEfv ivD[f dbsqdYstb. k]fvf k]fvƒ zbcok dYstb. k]fslv hAfifsv kkecjcƒ ufbf pfq, pkecjc …ÙÁ zfqfsk hdBGk rsqsY. ˆ YfVf k]fslv hAfifsv sp njt v™ijKf hBGbf jvf rq, sn njstv sjfb djYc nrDr bq.

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 27

10. zfpvf„t iafB rbbjfvD dIdvwXkfv ˆ bfm kInDv oas§¿ hf lchGt rflDsn ifWqf

pfq. jcvzfb W nrDr rflDsn ˆv sjfb …sïJ sbƒ. (kfJvDuck k¶frfdhqAfr 72ix}, zfrjfmct ufbfƒp 254ix}, zfthfbD)

]v …sïJ jcvzfsb ˆsnsY `mftfjct mfWk' bfsm. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}F+5��B+7;4 �9@�85و�T4UV�4א�zB%9���7אK:�F!�+78�VY9%969$�B@7O95�9%نqB�5-�B+7;E 9���:�G'�{)�١١�(� �zKGf{, ht, `(mftfjct mfWk) mxkcAv dIdvñf skfmfslv iafB rvB

jvsh, pfsj skfmfslv ubA dbpcÙÁ jvf rsqsY. zhswsN skfmfslvsj skfmfslv iadkiftsjv dbje dIdvsq zfbf rsh.' (nfulfr } 11)

…tfmfosBv sj… sj… hstsYb, `vfj¶Dh' W `zfkDl'W lcƒ dIdvwXkfv bfm. ˆ hAfifsv k]fvf ltDt siw jsvsYb mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBD,

}�� p� 4�:O� G9�ل�Eא��� G#9�9و� G�4�9 �א� G#9�� G9�ن �X:�965��א��VX:�969$� BذG')١٧�(��V�G'� �!B%:O�#4ل 7¤4L�9$� �9!p� 469��p� 4O9��4/B$9�:�{)ق)��١٨���%�� �

zKGf{, pJb lcƒ nQoafrj (dIdvñf kfv jmG) nQoar (dtdihÝ) jsv, (pfvf kfv) Ffƒsb W hfsm hsn zfsY. mfbcN sp jKfƒ …¤yfvB jsv, (kf dtdihÝ jvfv ubA `vfj¶Dh' W `zfkDl') k{iv iarvD kfv dbjseƒ vsqsY. (j¶fI } 17-18)

dj§Â k]fslv ˆ jKf ndEj bq. jfvB …ÙÁ zfqfsk `vfj¶Dh' W `zfkDl' dIdvwXkfv bfm bq, hvQ kf hf¦lfv zfmt nQoafrj lcƒ dIdvwXkfv ÈB. zKGf{, k]fvf k{iv iarvD. nhGlf …id²¿k lwGj, k]fvf sjfb nmq hf¦lfv dbje sKsj nsv pfb bf.

dIdvwXkfv mxkcA

dIdvwXkfoB mxkcAhvB jvshb. zhwA sn mxkcA dwÌfq Ic{jfv jvfv nmq. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�F+5��5/Vא����9��#9�!��V�G'� GضB���o4Y�#9!�9f4�9�:Yא��9�F�و9א�4zو�o4Y�#9!9א�|: G�%Pא���o4Y�9¥4L5�9و4 9�م5�7�A9$�pون9O�+5ذ9א��G*:Y��9�BZ7"�4/ 4Y�9¥4L5�{)�٦٨�(�!Iא����%�� �

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 28

zKGf{, sndlb dwÌfq Ic{jfv slWqf rsh, Ist zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv njst mCdYGk rsq iVsh; ksh pfslvsj zfïfr v[f jvsk ƒ¤Yf jvshb kfvf bq. zk}iv zfhfv dwÌfq Ic{jfv slWqf rsh, kJb Wvf làfqmfb rsq kfjfsk Kfjsh. (pcmfv } 68)

…ÙÁ zfqfsk dIdvwXkfoBW wfdmt. jfvB k]fvf zfnmfb hf zfjfsw Kfsjb.

ƒhsb jfNDv (v}) ˆƒ zfqfskv kInDsv hstsYb, `ˆ rt däkDqhfsvv dwÌfq Ic{jfv. zfv kf rt mCdYGk rsq iVfv Ic{jfv. sp Ic{jfsv zfïfr pfslvsj v[f jvsk yfƒshb, kfvf YfVf zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv njt hfdn¦lfƒ mxkcAmcsJ idkk rsh. spmb ˆ jKf ±ió W dhwlHfsh dwÌfv iadnÝ rflDsn ˆsnsY, ªzk}iv zhdwsóv iafB rvB jvf rsh. nhswsN mftfjct mfWk mxkcAhvB jvshb. sjht ˆjfjD zhdwó Kfjshb dyvÓDh zdhbw¶v (zfïfr), dpdb iaKsm dYstb ˆhQ swsN nhGlf dyv²¿fqD Kfjshb. dkdb htshb, `zfu vfuk¶ jfv?' zk}iv dbsuƒ …Ùv dlsq htshb, `zdäkDq ivfÛÁmwftD zfïfrv ubA.' (mc'dmb } 16)

dIdwXkfmàtD mfvf pfshb---ˆ jKfv zfsvf ˆjde ltDt rt mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBD,

5�9qB�5-�4/B%ن9{:�G'9��5/9:/�5א50�;+�5و,Bq9و��V�G'��K4��9��Q�Bo9��P@78{)�٨٨�(¦�Xא����%�� �zKGf{, k]fv mcJmàt hAkDk nm²À djYcƒ L¶QnwDt. dhLfb k]fvƒ ˆhQ

k]fvƒ dbje skfmvf iakAfhdkGk rsh. (j¶fn¶fn¶ } 88) hfjD Kfjt, k]fslv msLA sj… dj dwÌfq Ic{jfsvv iCshG mfvf pfshb?

ˆv …Ùsv zfmvf `r]Af-bf' djYcƒ htsk ifdv bf. jfvB ˆ hAfifsv jcvzfb-rflDn bDvh. kfƒ zfmvfW sn dhNsq mcJ Jctsk ifdv bf.

dIdvwXkfhsoGv yfdvdÛj ÈBfhtD

dIdvwXkfoB n©mfdbk W icBAhfb. mrfb nxdójkGf k]fslvsj ˆ ÈB äfvf ztQjxk jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,

}4�B$:|4 �Q�9�:L9��T)١٥�(Q�9�������)��١٦(}9�48אم� 9�9%�� �

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 29

zKGf{, (jcvzfb) ˆmb dtdijfvslv r²À äfvf (dtdihÝ). (pfvf) n©mfdbk W icBAhfb (dIdvñf). (‚hfnf } 15-16)

`nfIfvfr' mfsb dtdijfv hf jfskh. zKhf lCk hf nfIDv. dIdvwXkfoB nxdójkGf W mfbcsNvv bhD-vnCtosBv mfsU lCk.

ydvsÛv dlj dlsq k]fvf rstb n©mfdbk; zKGf{, wasÝq ˆhQ hcpcoG. zfv jsmGv dlj dlsq k]fvf icBAhfb W idhÛ. ˆJfb sKsj ufbf pfq sp, j¶cvzfb hrbjfvD (rfsIp ˆhQ zfstmoB)sjW ydvÛ ˆhQ jsmGv dlj dlsq `djvfdmm hfvfvfr'v mCkG-iakDj rWqf …dyk. (ƒhsb jfNDv)

rflDsnW `nfIfvfr' wè dIdvñfslv ubA hAhrfv rsqsY. bhD � hstsYb,

4 /�4و�9%5�9«Y�5 96B�96969$92ن�9وB�7X�9"�7א�X9$��4UV�4�9و9א���א2B�7X��4 �5�4��9��ن�G!�9 9א��LF:��4�9א�;9�4אم�Gא9�9���G9אن�Bq:"�5/:��?9��4�ق/B :�9�«.� �

ªsp j¶cvzfb ifsE ncl[ rq, sn `djvfdmm hfvfvfr'v nfsK---zKGf{, n©mfdbk icBAhfb dIdvñfosBv nfKD rsh. zfv sp j¶cvzfb ifE jsv dj§Â jsóv nfsK (zfesj zfesj) ifE jsv kfv ubA Fht nWqfh vsqsY.« (hcJfvD 4937, mcndtm 1898bQ)

dIdvwXkfoBsj zbA ˆj zfqfsk `mck¶frXrfv' hf idhÛ htf rsqsY. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�p+$G�:8�p2نB�7X:��5/F�G')5%ن)�٧٧A;9!�Q��9648�o4Y)�٧٨�(:S�95ون�F,:~5��א�VSG'�5/P�9�9${)�٧٩(� �zKGf{, dbÇyqƒ ˆef n©mfdbk jcvzfb. pf zfsY ncvd[k djkfsh.

iCk-idhÛoB hAkDk zbA sj… kf ±iwG jsv bf. (Wqfdj¶zfr } 78-79)

dIdvwXkfhsoGv tÏfwDtkf dIdvwXkfosBv ˆjde nlXÈB tÏfwDtkf. mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr � zfmfv

hfnfq ðsq dYstb. k]fv ifsqv vtf hf …v¢ sKsj jfiV nsv dYt. ƒdkmsLA zfhC hfjXv � iashw-zbcmdk yfƒst dkdb k]fsj zbcmdk dlstb. dkdb ˆjƒ zh²¿fq sKsj k]fv nfsK jKf htstb.

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 30

zk}iv …mfv � iashw-zbcmdk yfƒst dkdb k]fsj zbcmdk dlstb. dkdb ˆjƒ zh²¿fq sKsj k]fv nfsK jKf htstb.

zk}iv …Nmfb � iashw-zbcmdk yfƒst dkdb k]fsj zbcmdk dlstb. dj§Â dkdb dbsuv jfiV snfuf j'sv …sE hnstb. nckvfQ dkdb iashw j'sv k]fv nfsK jKf htstb.

zk}iv dkdb pJb shv rsq yst sostb, kJb zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) bhD �-sj htstb, `zfhC hfjXv iashw jvstb, kJb zfidb bVf-nvf jvstb bf ˆhQ kfsj sjfb Èv¢k¶ƒ dlstb bf, …mfv iashw jvstb, kJbW zfidb bVf-nvf jvstb bf ˆhQ kfsj sjfb Èv¢k¶ƒ dlstb bf. dj§Â …Nmfb iashw jvstb, kJb zfidb …sE hnstb W jfiV snfuf jvstb (jD hAfifv)?'

mrfbhD � htstb, �»�7j:;4<:�9���5א/BA4!��4096B�9-�@5q9��B#4!��4096B�:"�:S:"«.� �

zKGf{, zfdm dj snƒ hAdÙÁv jfsY tÏfshfL jvh bf, sp hAdÙÁv jfsY dIdvwXkf tÏfshfL jsvb.« (mcndtm 6362bQ)

k]fslv [mkf

k]fslv zfjxdk LfvsBv [mkf mrfb zfïfr k]fslv ˆƒ [mkf dlsqsYb sp, k]fvf k]fslv iajxk

zfjxdk YfVf zbA zfjxdk LfvB jvsk ifsvb ˆhQ pfsj ƒ¤Yf slJf dlsk ifsvb. nckvfQ dkdb duhvDt �-sj siavB jsvdYstb mfvqAfm (zftfƒrfn nftfm)ˆv iadk. dkdb mfbcsNv v™i LfvB j'sv k]fv jfsY ˆsndYstb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

4 ���������و9אذ�o4Y�B�78Bא�;964��G'�9+9$B�9!�4ذ�Bא�����{OB��9�����:;9!��9,4�B�:"�B#4!�Bz9U9�96�)١٦�(����B#�4!�Bz9U�9wF-�:Y��������������$G%�9��9:,9�� �9��9א��@F�9�96:Y��9A9)5و���9,B :�G'��9A�9�B�:|:Y�� �9i4)�B+G,4�5%ذ������5)�١٧(د5و��:"�o�E�G'�Bk�:��:O

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dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 31

zKGf{, (sr vnCt!) kcdm ˆƒ djkfsh (…dïdJk) mfvqAfsmv jKf hBGbf jv; pJb sn kfv idvhfvhoG rsk ixKj rsq dbvftfq iChG dlsj ˆj ²¿fsb zfwaq dbt. zk}iv kfslv rsk sn dbsusj ilGf jvt; zk}iv zfdm kfv dbje zfmfv v™r (duhaf„t)sj ifEftfm, sn kfv dbje iCBG mfbhfjxdksk zfk¹iajfw jvt. mfvqAfm htt, `zfdm skfmf rsk ivm jv¢Bfmsqv zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY; kcdm pdl nQpmwDt rW (kfrst zfmfv dbje sKsj nsv pfW).' sn htt, `zfdm skf skfmfv iadkiftj-siadvk (lCk) mfÛ; skfmfsj ˆj idhÛ icÛ lfb jvhfv ubA (zfdm siadvk).' (mfvqAfm } 16-19)

spmb ƒhafrDm �-ˆv jfsY dIdvwXkf ˆsndYstb mfbcsNv shw LfvB jsv. dkdb hcUskW ifsvbdb sp, k]fvf zfnst dIdvwXkf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}9�� �O:�ل9 �!�9�� 9��O:��%7א�B�5���4 � 9+ �'9�B Gא�4 �9A7�5�5�� Bz9��9q� B�:X:�9�9و�9�q� Bن:"� 9�4�:�� �9�:Y� pم��QU 4A9)�@Bi4�4 )٦٩�(:S�B+5,9$4�B$:"��:"9���F�:�:Y�Bو9":و�B+5�9�4;9��4/B :�G'�5@4�9-%7א���:O�j:L 4Z�B+5,BA4!�9�9q

:S�Q7%ط��GمB%:O��:�G'��9A�4�B�7"��F�G'�Bd9w9-{)د)�٧٠%��� �zKGf{, zfv zfmfv siadvk dIdvñfvf ƒhafrDsmv dbje ncnQhfl dbsq

zfomb j'sv htt, `nftfm.' ƒhafrDmW (…Ùsv) htt, `nftfm.' zk}iv zbdkdhtsì ˆjef Hcbf hfYcv dbsq ˆt. dj§Â pJb sn slJt sp, kfslv rfk snƒ JfslAv dlsj zoanv rs¤Y bf, kJb kfslvsj zßck Hfhsk tfot ˆhQ msb msb kfslv hAfifsv wdËk rt; (ˆ slsJ) kfvf htt, `kcdm Hq jvsh bf, zfmvf tCk n©ialfsqv iadk siadvk rsqdY.' (rCl } 69-70)

spmb tCk �-ˆv jfsY dIdvwXkf ˆsndYstb nclwGb pchjlstv v™i LfvB jsv. spsrkc k]fv n©ialfq dYt nmjfdmkfq zHAfnD. kfƒ zfïfrv ùÏk jfsqm jvfv ubA ivD[f öv™i k]fvf ‰ shsw …id²¿k rsqdYstb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}4�9��pمB%9$9א�U9��9ل�:O9و���B��o4���N%7���9A7�5�5��B+G,4 �9و9W9�ق�B+G,4 �9ذ9�Bz9��9q��F�:�9و�p� )٧٧�(�o4-�9A9 �4�S5C9��GمB%:O��9$�9ل�:O�4z�9�E F7�9%ن�9א���B�9$8�5:��%5א�@B�:O�B#4!9�4و/B :�G'�95�9%ن�B,5$�5/5!B%:O�5�9��9q9و

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 32

�p� 4�9��p@5q9��B+7;BA4!�9�B :�:"�o4LB 9W�o4Y�o45و�IBw5-�S9و�:�O:��%7א�)�٧٨(�%7XF-�:Y�B+7;:��5�9,N:"�F#5א�א4�9��B�:X:��5�$G�5���9!�5+:�B�96:�� :KF�G'9و�§f9)�B#4!�:K4-�9A9 �o4Y��9A:���9!�9kB�)٧٩�(�B+7;4 �o4��Fن:"�B%:��9ل�:O

�Q�$4�9��#85���:�G'�TG2و�Bو:"��F%7O)٨٠�(�G�B�:|:Y�:KB :�G'%7�4�9$א��B#:��:KE 9��5@5�5���F�G'�7%7א�$9���7%ط��:OG@B Vא���B#4!� ~4X4 �:K4�B�:|4 �FنG'�B+5,9 �91:"��9!��9,5� 4�5!�5/F�G'�:K9-:"9�B!א�VSG'�p�9):"�B+7;BA4!�Bk4L96�9$�S9و�

� Q�$G�:X4 � 5uB�Pא��� 9�B :�:"� 5uB�Pא��� B+5�9�4�B%9!)٨١� (��9,:�4Y�9�� �9,9 4��9�� �9A�9�9q� �9�5�B!:"� 9��9q� �F�:�:Y� @ Ei4�� B#4!� �9��9i4)� �9,B :�9�� �9�B�:~B!:"9و� Q5%د{BA9!)٨٢� (�B#4!� 9o4�� �و9!9� :KE 9�� 9�BA4�� j9!F%9�5!

Q� 4�9�4 �9�4�4��V�٨٣(}א��(� �zKGf{, zfv pJb zfmfv dIdvñfvf tCskv dbje …id²¿k rt, kJb sn

kfslv hAfifsv dy§Àfd¦hk rt ˆhQ kfslv jfvsB kfv r™lq nËcdyk rsq sot. zfv htt, `zfusjv dlbde zdk jdEb.' zfv kfv n©ialfq kfv jfsY Ycse ˆt ˆhQ kfvf iChG rsk jcjmG jsvƒ zfndYt; tCk htt, `sr zfmfv n©ialfq! (skfmfslv Osv) zfmfv ˆƒ jbAfvf vsqsY, ˆvf skfmfslv ubA idhÛkm. zkˆh skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv ˆhQ zfmfsj zfmfv smrmfbslv hAfifsv tfdÒk jsvf bf. skfmfslv msLA dj sjfb Hfstf mfbcN sbƒ?' kfvf htt, `kcdm dbÇyq ufsbf sp, skfmfv ˆƒ jbAfÈdtsk zfmfslv sjfb iasqfub sbƒ, zfv zfmvf dj yfƒ, kfW kcdm zhwAƒ ufsbf.' sn htt, `rfq! pdl skfmfslv …iv zfmfv wdÙÁ Kfjk, zKhf zfdm sjfb lxP ²Às©Hv (wdÙÁwftD lstv) zfwaq dbsk ifvkfm.' kfvf htt, `sr tCk! zfmvf skf skfmfv iadkiftj siadvk (dIdvñf), Wvf jJbƒ skfmfv dbje si]ZYsk ifvsh bf. zkˆh kcdm vfdÛv sjfb ˆj Hfso dbsuv idvhfvhoGsj dbsq (zbAÛ) yst pfW. skfmfslv sj… spb diYsbv dlsj dIsvW bf slsJ, dj§Â skfmfv ²ÃD bq, kfv …isvW ‰ (zfpfh) zfnsh, pf zbAfbAslv …isv zfnsh. kfslv (wfd²Àv) dbLGfdvk nmq rt iaHfkjft; iaHfk dj dbjehkGD bq?' zk}iv pJb zfmfv ùjcm ˆsn si]ZYt, kJb zfdm ‰ HC-Jsàv …idvHfosj bDsy j'sv dltfm ˆhQ kfv …iv ÛÁmfok Ufmf ifKv hNGB jvtfm. pf dhswNv™si

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 33

dydrÁk jvf dYt skfmfv iadkiftsjv dbje; zfv ‰ (ubil)Èdt ˆƒ pfstmslv dbje rsk shwD lCsv bq. (rCl } 77-83)

zfmfslv mrfbhD �-ˆv jfsY duhvDt � dlrXqAfr jfthDv v™i LfvB j'sv zfnskb. jJbW zfnskb zÎfk-idvyq shlc„sbv v™i LfvB j'sv. zfm dw[f slWqfv ubA ˆst nfrfhfoB k]fsj ‰ zfjxdksk lwGb jvskb.

…mfv ƒhsb JfÙ¶fh � hstb, zfmvf ˆjdlb vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv dbjse hsn dYtfm. rEf{ ˆjde stfj zfmfslv jfsY ˆt. kfv ivsb LhLsh nflf jfiV ˆhQ kfv yct jcyjcsy jft dYt. (hfrAk}) nIsvv sjfb dyrÁ kfv …iv slJf pfd¤Yt bf ˆhQ zfmfslv msLA sj… kfsj dybdYt bf. swN ipG§À sn bhD �-ˆv jfsY hnt; kfv lcƒ r]fec kf]v (bhDv) rf]ecv nsÌ dmdtsq dlt ˆhQ kfv rfskv lcƒ jvktsj dbu ufbcv …isv svsJ htt, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfmfsj ƒntfm n©isjG htcb.'

nckvfQ vfnCtcïfr � htstb, ªƒntfm rt ˆƒ sp, kcdm nf[A slsh, zfïfr YfVf sjfb (nkA) …ifnA sbƒ, zfv mcrf©mfl zfïfrv vnCt, bfmfp iadkôf jvsh, pfjfk ialfb jvsh, vmpfsbv svfpf vfJsh ˆhQ jf'hf Osvv r϶ jvsh; pdl snJfsb pfhfv nÌdk vfJ.«

sn htt, `zfidb dEjƒ hstsYb.' zfmvf kfv jKfq zfÇypG rtfm sp, sn duÎfnfW jvsY ˆhQ dEj hst nmKGbW jvsY! sn (zfhfv) htt, `zfidb zfmfsj „mfb n©isjG htcb.'

dkdb htstb, ªkcdm zfïfrv iadk, kf]v dIdvñfoB, kf]v djkfhnmCr, kf]v vnCtnmCr, ivjft ˆhQ HfsoAv Hft-ms¦lv iadk dhÇhfn vfJsh.«

sn htt, `zfidb pKfKG hstsYb.' sn (kxkDq) iaw jvt, `zfmfsj ƒrnfb n©isjG htcb!

dkdb htstb, ªƒrnfb rt ˆƒ sp, kcdm ˆmbHfsh zfïfrv ƒhflk jvsh; spb kcdm kf]sj slJsk if¤Y. pdl kcdm kf]sj slJsk bf ifW, kfrst dkdb dj§Â skfmfsj slJsk ifs¤Yb.«

sn (icbvfq) htt, `zfidb zfmfsj djqfmskv dlb n©isjG htcb (sn dlb jsh nQOdek rsh?)'

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 34

dkdb htstb, ªˆ hAfifsv duÎfdnk (hAdÙÁ) duÎfnsjv sysq shwD zhdrk bq. (zKGf{ djqfmskv dbdlGó dlb zfmfslv lc'usbvƒ zufbf).«

sn htt, `(kfrst) zfidb Wv dblwGbnmCr n©isjG zfmfsj hst dlb.'

dkdb htstb, ª(Wv djYc dblwGb rt ˆƒ sp,) jxklfnD kfv mdbhsj ianh jvsh (zKGf{ pcÝh¦lD ˆk shwD rsh sp, pcÝ hd¦lbD ÛÁDklfnD kfv mdbshv jbAf ianh jvsh). zfv kcdm bo´il, h²ÃrDb W ldvû Yfostv vfJftslvsj zÕfdtjf dbmGfsBv jfsu iv±iv ohG jvsk slJsh.«

zk}iv sn (zfo§Âj iawjfvD) yst sot. (…mfv � hstb,) `zfdm zsbj[B vnCt �-ˆv dJlmsk Kfjtfm.' icbvfq dkdb htstb ªsr …mfv! kcdm dj ufb sp, iawjfvD sj dYt?« zfdm httfm, `zfïfr W k]fv vnCt shwD ufsbb.' dkdb htstb,

�»�B+7;9A$4د�B+7;5���9�5$�B+78�9-:"�5@$G�B�4q�5/F�G*:Y«.� �ªƒdb duhaf„t dYstb, skfmfslvsj skfmfslv äDb dwJfsbfv ubA

ˆsndYstb.« (hcJfvD 50, mcndtm 102bQ) ˆjlf mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) k]fsj dlrXqAfrv nclwGb v™si

lwGb jsvsYb. pJb dkdb bhD �-ˆv mfLAsm zfsqwfsj nftfm dlsqdYstb. (zfrmfl, dn} nrDrfr 1111bQ)

zbA ˆj rflDsn zfsY, bhD � hstsYb, ªskfmfslv iCshG (hbD ƒnafƒstv pcso) ˆjde stfj dYt; sp 99de mfbcNsj rkAf jsvdYt. zk}iv stfjslvsj dhsÇhv nhsysq hV zfstm n©isjG duÎfnf jvt. kfsj ˆjde dJa±efb nâfnDv jKf htf rt. sn kfv jfsY ˆsn htt, `sn 99 ub mfbcNsj rkAf jsvsY. ˆJb dj kfv kWhfv sjfb ncspfo zfsY?' sn htt, `bf.' nckvfQ sn (sÛÁfLfd¦hk rsq) kfsjW rkAf j'sv ˆjwk iCvB j'sv dlt. icbvfq sn ixdKhDv nhsysq hV zfstm n©isjG duÎfnf jvt. ˆhfvW kfsj ˆj zfstsmv sJ]fu slWqf rt. sn kfv dbje ˆsn htt sp, sn ˆjwk mfbcN Jcb jsvsY. nckvfQ kfv dj kWhfv sjfb ncspfo zfsY? sn htt, `r]Af zfsY! kfv W kWhfv msLA

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 35

sj hfLf nxdó jvsh? kcdm zmcj slw yst pfW. snJfsb djYc ˆmb stfj zfsY pfvf zfïfr kfzftfv ƒhflk jsv. kcdmW kfslv nfsK zfïfrv ƒhflk jv. zfv skfmfv dbu slsw dIsv spW bf. sjbbf, W slw ifsiv slw.' nckvfQ sn hAdÙÁ ‰ slw zdHmcsJ spsk zfvý jvt. pJb sn mLA vf²Àfq siZ]Yt, kJb kfv mxkcA ˆsn sot. (kfv slr-diÓv sKsj zfk¹f shv jvfv ubA) vrmk W zfpfshv …Hq iajfv dIdvñf …id²¿k rstb. dIdvñfslv msLA kjG-dhkjG zfvý rt. vrmskv dIdvñfoB htstb, `ˆƒ hAdÙÁ kWhf j'sv ˆsndYt ˆhQ iCBG zf§Àdvjkfv nfsK zfïfrv dlsj kfv zfomb OsesY.' zfv zfpfshv dIdvñfvf htstb, `ˆ ˆJsbf Hft jfu jsvdb (ˆƒ ubA sn wfd²Àv …ipcÙÁ).' ˆmkfh²¿fq ˆjub dIdvñf mfbcsNv v™i LfvB j'sv …id²¿k rstb. dIdvñfoB kf]sj nfdtn mfbstb. dkdb Ifqnftf dlstb sp, `skfmvf lc' slswv lCvk¶ smsi slJ. (zKGf{ ˆ sp ˆtfjf sKsj ˆsnsY snJfb sKsj ˆƒ ²¿fsbv lCvk¶ ˆhQ sp slsw pfd¤Yt kfv lCvk¶) ˆƒ lcsqv msLA sn pfv dlsj shwD dbjehkGD rsh, sn kfvƒ z§ÀHGcÙÁ rsh.' zkˆh k]fvf lCvk¶ mfistb ˆhQ sp slsw sn pfWqfv ƒ¤Yf jsvdYt, snƒ (Hfstf) slwsj shwD dbjehkDG sistb. nckvfQ vrmskv dIdvñfoB kfv ufb jhp jvstb.« (hcJfvD, mcndtm 7284bQ)

zfsvf ˆj rflDsn ˆsnsY, bhD � hstsYb sp, ªhfbD ƒnaf„stv msLA dkb hAdÙÁ dYt. ˆjub Lht-jcô svfofÛÁf§À, däkDqub sesjf ˆhQ kxkDqub zá dYt. zfïfr kfzftf kfslvsj ivD[f jvfv ƒ¤Yf jvstb. Ist dkdb kfslv jfsY ˆjub dIdvñf ifEfstb. dIdvñf (iaKsm) Lht-jcô svfoDv jfsY ˆsn htstb, `skfmfv dbje diaqkm h²Â jD?' sn htt, `nc¦lv vQ W nc¦lv k¶j. zfv zfmfv dbje sKsj ˆƒ svfo lCvDHCk srfj---pfv ubA mfbcN zfmfsj OxBfgjsv.' zk}iv dkdb kfv slsr rfk dIvfstb, pfv Ist (zfïfrv zfslsw) kfv OxdBk svfo lCv rsq sot ˆhQ kfsj nc¦lv vQ slWqf rt. zk}iv dkdb htstb, `skfmfv dbje diaqkm Lb jD?' sn htt, `…e zKhf ofHD.' (ˆde hBGbfjfvDv ns¦lr.) nckvfQ kfsj lw mfsnv ofdHb ˆjde …ebD slWqf

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 36

rt. kfviv dkdb htstb, `zfïfr skfmfsj ˆsk hjGk (iafycpG) lfb jv¢b.'

zk}iv dkdb sesjfv jfsY ˆsn htstb, `skfmfv dbje diaqkm dudbn jD?' sn htt, `nc¦lv sjw ˆhQ ˆƒ svfo lCvDHCk rWqf---pfv ubA mfbcN zfmfsj OxBf jsv.' zk}iv dkdb kfv mfKfq rfk dIvfstb, pfv Ist kfv (snƒ svfo) lCv rsq sot ˆhQ kfsj nc¦lv sjw lfb jvf rt. (zk}iv) dkdb htstb, `skfmfv dbje nhsysq iY¦lbDq Lb sjfbXef?' sn htt, `ofHD.' nckvfQ kfsj ˆjde ofdHb ofƒ slWqf rt ˆhQ dkdb htstb, `zfïfr ˆsk skfmfv ubA hjGk lfb jv¢b.'

zk}iv dkdb zsáv jfsY ˆstb ˆhQ htstb, `skfmfv dbjse diaqkm h²Â jD?' sn htt, `ˆƒ sp, zfïfr kfzftf spb zfmfv lxdó dIdvsq slb pfv äfvf zfdm stfsjslvsj slJsk ifƒ.' nckvfQ dkdb kfv syfsJ rfk dIvfstb. Ist zfïfr kfsj kfv lxdó dIdvsq dlstb. dIdvñf htstb, `kcdm sjfbX Lb nhsysq iY¦l jv?' sn htt, `Yfot.' nckvfQ kfsj ˆjde ofdHb Yfot slWqf rt.

zk}iv ‰ lc'usbv (jcôsvfoD W sesjfv) ið (…ebD W ofHDv) ift hxdÝ sisk tfot ˆhQ ˆƒ zsávW YfotdeW hf¤yf ianh jvt. Ist ˆv ˆj …ikAjf Hvdk …e, ˆv ˆj …ikAjf Hvdk ov¢ ˆhQ ˆv ˆj …ikAjf Hvdk Yfot rsq sot.

icbvfq dIdvñf (ivD[fv …sÜswA kf]v iCshGv syrfvf W zfjxdksk) jcôsvfoDv jfsY ˆstb ˆhQ htstb, `zfdm dmnjDb mfbcN, nIsv zfmfv njt ifsKq swN rsq sosY. Ist öslsw si]ZYsbfv ubA zfïfr zk}iv skfmfv nfrfpA YfVf zfu zfmfv sjfb …ifq sbƒ. snubA zfdm ‰ nÙfv bfsm skfmfv jfsY ˆjde …e yfd¤Y, dpdb skfmfsj nc¦lv vQ W nc¦lv k¶j lfb jsvsYb; pfv äfvf zfdm zfmfv ˆƒ nIsvv o§ÀhA²¿st si]ZsY pfƒ.' sn …Ùv dlt sp, `(zfmfv lfdqsk¶ zfso sKsjƒ) hù zdLjfv W lfdh vsqsY.'

(ˆ jKf ðsb) dIdvñf htstb, `skfmfsj zfmfv sybf msb rs¤Y. kcdm dj jcôsvfoD dYst bf, stfsjvf skfmfsj OxBf jvk? kcdm dj ldvla dYst bf, zfïfr kfzftf skfmfsj Lb ialfb jsvsYb?' sn htt, `ˆ Lb skf

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 37

zfdm dikf W dikfmr sKsj …ÙvfdLjfv nCsÛ sisqdY.' dIdvñf htstb, `pdl kcdm dmKAfhflD rW, kfrst zfïfr skfmfsj iChGfh²¿fq dIdvsq dlb!'

zk}iv dkdb kfv iCshGjfv zfjfv W zfjxdksk sesjfv jfsY ˆstb ˆhQ kfsjW sn jKf htstb, sp jKf jcôsvfoDsj hstdYstb. zfv sesjfW snƒ uhfh dlt, sp uhfh jcôsvfoD dlsqdYt. sn ubA dIdvñf kfsjW htstb sp, `pdl kcdm dmKAfhflD rW, kfrst zfïfr skfmfsj iChGfh²¿fq dIdvsq dlb!'

icbvfq dkdb kf]v iCshGjfv zfjfv W zfjxdksk zsáv dbje ˆsn htstb sp, zfdm ˆjub dmnjDb W mcnfdIv mfbcN, nIsvv pfhkDq ifsKq swN rsq sosY. Ist öslsw si]ZYsbfv ubA zfïfr zk}iv skfmfv nfrfpA YfVf zfu zfmfv zfv sjfb …ifq sbƒ. nckvfQ zfdm skfmfv dbje snƒ nÙfv bfsm ˆjde Yfot yfd¤Y, dpdb skfmfv lxdó dIdvsq dlsqsYb; pfv äfvf zfdm zfmfv ˆƒ nIsvv o§ÀhA²¿st si]ZsY pfƒ.' sn htt, `db}ns¦lsr zfdm zá dYtfm. zk}iv zfïfr zfmfsj lxdó dIdvsq dlstb. (zfv ˆƒ YfotW k]fvƒ lfb.) zkˆh kcdm Yfostv ift sKsj pf ƒ¤Yf bfW W pf ƒ¤Yf sYsV lfW. zfïfrv jnm! zfu kcdm zfïfr zfpXpf zufïfv ubA pf sbsh, sn hAfifsv zfdm skfmfsj sjfb jó hf hfLf slh bf.' ˆ jKf ðsb dIdvñf htstb, `kcdm skfmfv mft skfmfv jfsY vfJ. db}ns¦lsr skfmfslvsj ivD[f jvf rt (pfsk kcdm jxkjfpG rst). Ist zfïfr kfzftf skfmfv iadk n§Âó ˆhQ skfmfv nÌDäsqv iadk zn§Âó rstb.« (hcJfvD 3464, mcndtm 7620bQ)

k]fslv odkv kDha û¢kkf

mfbcN ufsb nhsysq û¢k odk rt zfstfv; iadk snsjsà ˆj t[ dYqfdw rfufv mfƒt. dj§Â dIdvwXkfv odk kfv yfƒskW zsbj shdw, pf mfbcsNv idvmfi W zbcmfsbv hfƒsv.

mrfwCsbA oar-b[Ûvfdu zfsY iaKm zfnmfsbv dbsy. kfv …isv nfkde zfnmfb. kfv …isv jcvnD W zfvw. htf rq, dbsyv zfnmfsb djYc b[Û zfsY, pfsk si]ZYsbfv …sÜswA pdl sjfb zfstfv odkv nmfb

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 38

û¢kodkv pfb hAhrfv jvf rq, kfrstW snJfsb si]ZYsk sjfde-sjfde zfstfj hYv stso pfsh! zfïfù zfjhfv!!

dj§Â kfv yfƒsk zsbj shdw …iv sKsj duhvDt dbsmsN zrD dbsq zhkvB jvskb. iawjfvD dbsuv iaw swN jvsk-bf jvskƒ dkdb mrfb zfïfrv dbje sKsj kfv uhfh dbsq mrfbhD �-ˆv jfsY …id²¿k rskb!

zhfj rWqfv djYc sbƒ. ˆ sp zfïfrv nxdó. k]fv nxdóv njt vrnA nìsá dj mfbcN zhok rsk ifsv?

k]fslv ƒtXm

dIdvwXkfv dbje zfsY ipGfå ƒtXm. mrfb zfïfr k]fslvsj dw[f dlsqsYb. dj§Â h²Â sybfv [mkf k]fslv sbƒ, spmb mfbcsNv zfsY. nxdóv sofVfskƒ skmbƒ zfHfN ifWqf pfq. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

وV�9�9+2�9د9م�9א�:��9�B���9��B+5,9W9�9��F+5���9,V�78:��אX:Y�4j:;4<:�9��:�ل�9�B�:|4 �o4�%5�4��:"�9���S5C9��G'ن�{� 9�4O491�د� B+56A78)٣١� ( �א4�9�� 9k�:"� :KF�G'� �9A96B�V�9�� �9!� VSG'� �9A:�� 9+�4�� :S� :K9��90B�5�� +O�5:��%7א

�5+ ���א����X)��٣٢(}א4;90�%�� �zKGf{, dkdb zflmsj pfhkDq bfm dw[f dlstb, kfviv sn-njt

dIdvñfslv n©mcsJ siw jvstb ˆhQ htstb, `ˆƒ nmclsqv bfm zfmfsj hst lfW, pdl skfmvf nkAhflD rW.' kfvf htt, `zfidb mrfb idhÛ. zfidb zfmfslvsj pf dw[f dlsqsYb, kf YfVf zfmfslv skf zbA sjfb Îfbƒ sbƒ. dbÇyq zfidb Îfbmq, iaÎfmq.' (hfj¶fvfr } 31-32)

htf hfùtA, mfbcsNv [mkfq zfsY h²ÂnmCsrv idvdydk-Îfb tfH jvf ˆhQ dhsw¶v bfbf h²Âv nxdó-vrnA …lXOfeb jvf. zhwA dIdvwXkfhoG sn nh Îfb nvfndv mrfb nxdójkGfv dbje sKsj zuGb jsv Kfsjb. dj§Â k]fvf pf ufsbb, kfv kctbfq mfbcsNv Îfb nDdmk.

k]fslv ƒtXsmv msLA zbAkm ƒtXm rt stJf hf dtdihÝ jvf. zhwA sn stJf W dtdiv Lvb ˆjmfÛ zfïfrƒ ufsbb.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 39

}�9�4�4Y�90:��B+7;B :�9��FنG'9١١(9�48א![��8:�-�9�4�4)�١٠(و�(7�9%ن9�L9-��9!�95%ن�:�B�9${)�١٢�(� �zKGf{, zhwAƒ skfmfslv …iv (dbpcÙÁ zfsY) nQv[joB; n©mfdbk

(zfmt) stJjhoG (dIdvñf); kfvf ufsb, pf skfmvf j'sv Kfj. (ƒbdIk¶fv } 10-12)

³bjeAiafå nshGf¤y dIdvwXkf-nHfq hflfbchfl mrfb zfïfrv ³bjeAiafå nshGf¤y dIdvwXkf-nHfq jJsbf jJsbf

hflfbchfl rq. mrfb zfïfrv zrD W zLAfslswv zsbj zufbf dhNq dbsq jsKfijKb rq.

vfnCtcïfr � hstb, ªzfu vfsÛ ösi zfmfv vh kfhfvfjf zkfzftf nc¦lv zfjxdksk zfmfv jfsY ˆsn htstb, `sr mcrf©mfl! kcdm dj ufsbf, nshGf¤y dIdvwXkf-nHf jD dhNsq hflfbchfl jsv?' zfdm httfm, `bf.' zk}iv dkdb k]fv rfk zfmfv lcƒ j]fsLv mfsU vfJstb. ˆmbdj zfdm zfmfv h[²¿st kfv wDktkf zbcHh jvtfm. nckvfQ (kfv Ist) zfdm ufbsk ifvtfm zfnmfsb pf zfsY ˆhQ pmDsb pf zfsY. zk}iv dkdb htstb, `sr mcrf©mfl! kcdm dj ufsbf, nshGf¤y dIdvwXkf-nHf jD dhNsq hflfbchfl jsv?' zfdm httfm, `r]Af. jfIXIfvf (ifsiv iafqdÇyÙ) W mpGflfnmCsrv hAfifsv.

jfIXIfvf rt, bfmfp zflfsqv iv mndusl zh²¿fb jvf, ufmfzfskv …sÜswA ifsq sr]se pfWqf ˆhQ jsóv nmq iCBGv™si …pC jvf.

zfv mpGflfnmCr rt, nftfm iayfv jvf, zâlfb jvf ˆhQ vfsk stfsjvf pJb Ocdmsq Kfsj, kJb bfmfp iVf.

dkdb htstb, `nkA hstY. sp ˆÈdt iftb jvsh, sn jtAfsBv nfsK uDhb-pfib jvsh, jtAfsBv nfsK mxkcAhvB jvsh ˆhQ sn sndlbjfv mskf db®ifi rsq pfsh, spdlb kfv mf kfsj u¦m dlsqdYt.---' (dkvdmpD 3233-3235bQ)

iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆef ösiv jKf, ufoakfh²¿fv bq. zfsvf iajfw Kfsj sp, …ÙÁ rflDsn …dïdJk hflfbchfl W dbsm …dïdJk jcvzfbD zfqfskv hflfbchfl ˆj bq. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 40

}:�B�:�א� 9���4 �+�4��B#4!�o4��95�4�96%ن�9!9��8:�نBw9$�BذG'��)٦٩�(��9�:"��9�F�:"�VSG'�Fo:�G'��9)%5$�BنG'p�4�5!�p�$4U9�{)�٧٠(� �

zKGf{, (ht,) †L¶Gstfsj dIdvñfslv hflfbchfl n©isjG zfmfv sjfb Îfb dYt bf. zfmfv dbje skf WrD (iakAfslw) ˆsnsY sp, zfdm ˆjub nkjGjfvD mfÛ.' (n¶fl } 69-70)

spsrkc rflDsn …dïdJk hflfbchfl rflDsnƒ mrfbhD � hqfb jsv dlsqsYb. zfv jcvzfsb …dïdJk hflfbchfl hqfb jsv dlsqsY kfv ivhkGD zfqfknmCr. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

��4N�B#4!�9�9א� �pf4��9Z�oE�G'�4j:;4<�9��4��:KP 9����ص)٧١(�'GذO�B:�ل�9%��� �zKGf{, ±mvB jv, pJb skfmfv iadkiftj dIdvñfslvsj hstdYstb,

`dbÇyq zfdm mfde rsk mfbcN nxdó jvh. (n¶fl } 71) zk}iv zflmsj dnulf jvfv hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr W ƒhtDsnv

mfsU sp hflfbchfl rsqdYt kfv Oebf. (kInDv ƒhsb jfNDv 6/73-74) dIdvwXkfhoG dbu dbu lfdqsk¶ jkGhAdbô dIdvwXkfhoG dbu dbu ƒhflsk jkGhAivfqB. k]fslv mfsU zfsY

wx£Jtf W dbqmfbchdkGkf. mrfbhD � zfmfslv ƒhflsk k]fslv zbcjvB jvsk …äcÝ jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,

»��9,E 9��9�BA4��7j:;4<:�9��א�Pd5�9-��9�:8�9ن%ªL5�9-�:S:"�«.� �ªskfmvf iadkiftsjv nfmsb dIdvñfhsoGv jfkfv h]fLfv mskf jfkfv

sh]sL l]fVfsh bf dj?« zfmvf httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! dIdvñfhoG k]fslv iadkiftsjv

nfmsb jDv™si jfkfv sh]sL l]fVfb.` dkdb htstb, »5$��EdF��4א��Y�9ن%P1�9�%7א�7و9ل�9و9�969$9אLPن�9א��%P�46«.� �

ªiaKmjfv jfkfvnmCr iCBG jsvb ˆhQ Ob rsq usm jfkfv sh]sL l]fVfb.« (mcndtm 430, zfhC lf†l 661, dmwjfk 1091bQ)

zbcv™iHfsh djqfmsk k]fvf zfnshb lst lst jfkfv sh]sL. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 41

�KP 9:�و9אL91��«L91�7K:�9��»�)�٢١(د�4kV85א�|:�Bض�5د89»��دG'��V�:8��«89ذ9א�{��9�q9�٢٢(}و�(� �zKGf{, bf ˆef nÌk bq! ixdKhDsj pJb sHsÌ iCBG-dhyCBG jvf rsh

ˆhQ pJb skfmfv iadkiftj zfomb jvshb zfv nfdvhÝHfsh dIdvñfoBW (nmcid²¿k rsh). (IfuXv } 21-22)

zk}iv mrfb zfïfrv nfmsb k]fvf jfkfv sh]sL l]fVfshb. dkdb hstsYb,

��}B%9$م7X9$�9%م�5א��Pو{�5و9א5�V�:;969$��V���«L91�7j:;4<�:�9��%ن�B#9!��V�G'�9":ذ4ن��9:/�5א��(9�B#�5وO9:�ل9%91�9א [�{ �zKGf{, sndlb v™r (duhaf„t) W dIdvñfoB nfdvhÝHfsh l]fVfsh, ivm

jv¢Bfmq pfsj zbcmdk slshb, sn YfVf zsbAvf jKf htsk ifvsh bf ˆhQ sn ndEj jKf htsh. (bfhf } 38)

k]fslv jkGhAiftsb ncôckf W nC[¹kf t[BDq. mrfbhD � hstsYb, � »p�F�905!� �7O:|:Y%ل5 9kB�:"� B#9!� �א9w��زGن5 7X9%ل5:Y� 5u46L96B�:|:Y� 4j9!�9 4X�א� �B%9$م9 4jFA9i�א� 9��9 ��4-2�.

7"�:K4 �57%لX9 :Y�:K:�B�:O�Q�9):��5u96Y:"�:S�5zB�4!«.� �ªzfdm ufâfskv dbje ˆsn kfv lvuf Jctsk hth. lfsvfqfb

dIdvwXkf htshb, `sj zfidb?' zfdm hth, `mcrf©mfl.' lfsvfqfb htshb, `zfdm zfdló rsqdY, spb zfibfv iCshG zbA jfsvf ubA lvuf bf Jcdt.« (zfrmfl 12397, mcndtm 507bQ)

dIdvwXkfhsoGv jkGhAivfqBkfq ˆjƒ Lvsbv ncôckf W nC[¹kf idvtd[k rq dm'vfsuv Oebfq. pJbƒ duhvDt � iaskAj zfnmfsbv lvuf Jcst slWqfv zfslw jvshb, kJb lfsvfqfb dIdvwXkf k]fsj ˆjƒ swaBDv iaswfÙsvv iv lvuf Jcst dlsqdYstb.

dIdvwXkfoB db®ifi

dIdvwXkfoB bhDosBv mskf db®ifi. sjfb dIdvwXkfv msLAƒ zhfLAkf W ififyfdvkf sbƒ.

spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, k]fvf zhfLA bb.

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 42

}��9,B :�9�� 7�9��9i40�و9א� �א�FA�س5 �و7O9%د9�5� �[א�9�� B+7; 4�B�:"9و� B+7;9�7L�:"� �%7Oא �%5A9!2א 9#$4UVא�� �9,P$:"� �9$�א�$�06+)��٦(}!�4M��j:;4<�:�9:�����9�4אد5�B�9$��:��p%ن�9א���B+5�9�9!:"��9!�9/Vو7�9�L9$9%نBC5$��9!�9!5�9ون9 �

ªsr mc'dmboB! skfmvf dbsuslvsj ˆhQ skfmfslv idvhfv-idvubsj v[f jv zdo rsk, pfv ƒáb rsh mfbcN W ifKv, pfsk dbsqfduk zfsY dbmGm-r™lq, jsEfv-öHfh dIdvñfoB, pfvf zfïfr pf kfslvsj zfslw jsvb, kf zmfbA jsv bf ˆhQ kfvf pf jvsk zfdló rq, kfƒ jsv.« (kfrvDm } 6)

dkdb hstsYb, k]fvf jfkfv sh]sL k]fv mdrmf sOfNBf jsvb. }� p7%م�B�F!� pم�:X9!� 5/:�� �V�G'� �FA4!� �١٦٤(و9!9� (� �א��ªY�F%ن9 5#B09A:�� �F�G'9١٦٥(و� ��:B09A#�5و9) �F�G'

���א���z�Y)��١٦٦(}א50E�9�5��%ن9%�� �ª(duhafƒt hstdYt), zfmfslv iaskAsjv ubAƒ dbLGfdvk ²¿fb vsqsY;

zfmvf zhwAƒ nfdvhÝHfsh làfqmfb ˆhQ zfmvf zhwAƒ k]fv idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBfjfvD.« (n¶fIXIfk } 164-166)

dkdb hstsYb, k]fvf zdhvfm k]fv …ifnbf jsvb. �א��9�F�و9א{ o4Y� #9!� �S:و�9:/5 5�9�A4�� B#9!9و� GضB��و9א�|: 4z96B�9$�:S9و� ��9�4�د4/4-9 B#9�� �;�5�4ون9

���א��� ��)��١٩(}5�4�B096B�9$ون9%�� �ªzfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDsk pfvf zfsY kfvf kf]vƒ mfdtjfbfLDb; zfv

k]fv nfdâsLA pfvf zfsY kfvf k]fv …ifnbf jvsk zrQjfv jsv bf ˆhQ j¾fd§À shfLW jsv bf.« (‚dìqf } 19)

dkdb hstsYb, k]fvf iCk-idhÛ. }�p+$G�:8�p2نB�7X:��5/F�G')5%ن�)�٧٧A;F!�Q��9648�o4Y)٧٨�(:SV�G'�5/P�9�9$��5ون9��א�F,:~5�{)�٧٩(� �

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dkdb hstsYb, k]fvf n©mfdbk W icBAhfb. }�Q�9�:L9��T4�B$:|4 )١٥�(Q�9�������)��١٦(}9�48אم� 9�9%�� �

ª(jcvzfb) ˆmb dtdijfvslv r²À äfvf (dtdihÝ). (pfvf) n©mfdbk W icBAhfb (dIdvñf).« (‚hfnf } 15-16)

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 43

dj§Â lc}sJv dhNq sp, zsbsj LfvBf jsv, dIdvwXkfW zhfLAkf W ififyfdvkfv dwjfv rsk ifsvb. zfv ltDt öv™i kfvf ƒhtDn W rfv™k-mfv™skv Oebf siw jsv Kfsj.

zKy ƒhtDn dIdvwXkfv lst wfdmt KfjstW zfnst sn dIdvwXkfv ufdkHcÙÁ dYt bf. sn dYt du¶bufdkv z§ÀHGcÙÁ. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�G�B!:"�B#9��9f9�:L:Y�E#4i�8�9:�ن�9!�9#4א� 4�B G'��V�G'5�9وא�i9�:Y�95�5وא��4£د9مiB�4א�j:;4<�:�9��4���9A�7O�BذG'9و��9 4�B�5/96":وF$E��5U4wF696:Y:"�4/E 9و��5/9و9ذ5���9�4�4 9�9��V��4��9�B�4 �?5�9و��B+7;:��B+5�9و�o44#�د5و�!�{�� �

ª(±mvB jv,) ‚dm pJb dIdvñfslvsj hstdYtfm, `skfmvf ‚lmsj dnulf jv', kJb ƒhtDn YfVf nhfƒ dnulf jvt; sn dYt du¶bslv ˆjub. sn kfv iadkiftsjv ‚slw zmfbA jvt; ksh dj skfmvf ‚mfv idvhskG kfsj W kfv hQwLvsj zdHHfhjv™si oarB jvsh; zKy kfvf skfmfslv wÛ¢? nDmftQObjfvDslv idvhkG jk dbjxó!« (jfrI } 50)

}�#4!�5/96X:�9Z9و���F��#4!�o4A96X:�9Z�5/BAE!�p�B 9Z��9�:"�9ل�:O�:K5-B�9!:"�BذG'�9�5iB�9-�VS:"�:K9�9A9!��9!�9ل�:O�4N{)א���א�)��١٢���%�� �

zKGf{, dkdb htstb, `zfdm pJb skfmfsj zfslw dltfm, kJb djsn skfmfsj dbhxÙ jvt sp, kcdm dnulfr jvst bf?' sn htt, `zfdm kfv (zflm) zsi[f swaô, kcdm zfmfsj zfÈb äfvf nxdó jsvY ˆhQ Wsj nxdó jsvY jflfmfde äfvf.' (zf'vfI } 12)

zfv rfv™k-mfv™skv zhfLAkfv hAfifsv sp o¬i iadnÝ zfsY, kf k]fvf dIdvwXkfv iajxdk dbsq jsvbdb, mfbcsNv iajxdk dbsq jsvdYstb. iv§Â sn o¬i o¬iƒ. sjfb nrDr hBGbfq sn Oebfv nkAkf smst bf.

nrDr bq jdh buv¢stv k]fslv hAfifsv ‰ jfhA-jfdrbD. ªhác ˆjef mufv o¬i swfsbf, ˆjlf zifi sIsvwXkf nh öoG-nHfq sjfsbf ˆƒ zfstfybf jdvsk zfdYt dhdLv dbqsm lcdN--- dlb vfk bfƒ ˆk iCuf jdv , ˆk jsv kf]sv kcdN' khc dkdb spb JcwD bbX--- kf]v pk snr lqf Usv ifi zfnÙÁ jflf W mfdev mfbcN ufdkvƒ isv!

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 44

wcdbstb nh z§ÀpGfmD, rfdnqf nhfsv j'b--- `mdtb Lctfv n§Àfb Wvf, hV lchGt mb, Icst Icst snKf Hcstv shlbf--- bqsb zLsv wfi, y¦lsb snKf jfmbfv u¶ftf, yf]sl ycìb-kfi! snKf jfdmbDv bqsb jfut, swafBDsk y¦lrfv, yvsB tf[f, sE]fse kfìct, slsJ msv zfsY mfv! iarvD snJfsb syfJf syfJ dbsq nc¦lv wqkfb, hcsj hcsj snKf hf]jf Ict-Lbc, syfsJ syfsJ Ict-hfB!' slhlCk nh hst, `iaHc smfvf sldJh sjmb Lvf, sjmsb snJfsb Ict sIfse pfv dwqsv mxkcA uvf!' jdrstb dhHc--- `skfmfslv mfsU swaô sp lcƒub, pfjX ixdKhDsk, slJcj dj sOfv LvBDv iastfHb!' `rfv¢k' `mfv¢k' sIsvwXkfslv soZvh vdh-wwD, Lvfv LCtfv zQwD rƒt mfbshv oxsr idw.--- jfqfq jfqfq mfqf hcst srKf Yfqfq Yfqfq If]l, jmt lDdOsk nfkw' rsqsY ˆj zfjfswv yf]l! wè oá hBG srKfq sisksY zv™i-If]nD, Ofse Ofse srKf Oe-Hvf rfdn, mfsE mfsE jf]sl hf]wD! lcdlsb zfkwD sIsvwXkf-iafB dHdut mfdev vsn, wIvD-syfsJv yect yfkcvD hcsj lfo sjse hsn. OfOvD Utdj', ofovD Ytdj' bfovD `sufrvf' pfq--- ösoGv lCk mdut sn v™si, dhjfƒt vfÌf ifq! zLv-zfbfv-vsn Fcsh sot slfusJv mfv-HDdk mfdev snfvfrD m²Àfbf rt zfÌcdv-Jcsb dkdk'! sjfKf sHsn sot nQpm-h]fL, hfvsBv shVf ecse, iafB H'sv disq mfdev mdlvf Wô-ic®i icse. shsrwXsk nh sIsvwXkfslv dhLfkf jsrb rfdn--- `rfv¢sk mfv¢sk dj jsvsY slJ LvBD nhGbfwD!' bqbf ˆJfsb pflc ufsb nJf, ˆj zf]dJ-ƒwfvfq t[ pcsov mrf-kinAf sjfKfq …dhqf pfq!

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 45

nc¦lv hncmkD dyv spZhbf slhkf ƒrfv dwh bq --- jfm vdk!«

--- ndÑkf 75-76 ix} ndkAƒ ˆef ˆjef mufv o¬i. ˆef sjfb ƒdkrfn hf hf²Àh Oebf

bq. …ÙÁ lcƒ dIdvwXkf äfvf mrfb zfïfr hf¦lfoBsj pflcv dIkbfq sIstdYstb. zfv k]fslv hAfifsv ndEjHfsh kkecjcƒ ufbf pfq, pkecjc jcvzfsbv hBGbfq zfsY.

smfejKf, dIdvwXkfhoG njstƒ db®ifi. k]fslv jfsvf msLA sjfb iajfsvv ifi W zhfLAfyvB sbƒ. spsrkc }-

1. mrfb zfïfr k]fslvsj `hfLA' W `zbcok' hst zfJAfqb jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,

}4z9%9א�Fא���o4Y��9!�5�5iB�9$�4/V�4�996;�5�4ون�9 وB�9$�:��B+5�9�7وj:;4<�9��و9א�QjF د9א�B#4!�GضB�و�o4Y��9!9א�:)٤٩�(�B#4!�B+5,F 9���א�0A@)�٥٠(}�B+G,4OB%:Yو7�9�L9$9%نBC5$��9!�9!5�9ون7Y�9w9$9%ن�9 �

ªzfïfrsjƒ dnulf jsv zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv njt uDh-u§Â ˆhQ dIdvñfoBW. zfv kfvf zrQjfv jsv bf. kfvf Hq jsv kfslv …isv kfslv iadkiftjsj ˆhQ kfvf kf jsv, pf kfslvsj zfslw jvf rq. (bfrXt } 49-50)

}:S95%ن�B�9$�95�9ون!BC5$��9!�97�9%ن�L9$9و�B+5�9�9!:"��9!�9/Vא�$�06+)��٦(}�א�����%�� �ªkfvf zfïfr pf kfslvsj zfslw jsvb, kf zmfbA jsv bf ˆhQ

kfvf pf jvsk zfdló rq, kfƒ jsv.« (kfrvDm } 6) 2. k]fvf k]fv ƒhflk W lfnk¶ jvsk zrQjfv ialwGb jsvb bf ˆhQ

dlhfvfdÛ k]fv idhÛkf sOfNBf jsvb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }4z9%9א�Fא��� o4Y� B#9!� �S: و�9:/5 5�9�BA4�� B#9!9و� GضB��و��S9و9א�: ��9�4�د4/4-9 B#9�� 96B�9$;�5�4ون9

�E�9�5$:S�9)�١٩(5�4�B096B�9$ون�9�9,FA�9و9א�@B V5�56ون50�9%ن�9א��L9${)�٢٠(�� ��א��� �zKGf{, zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDsk pfvf zfsY kfvf kf]vƒ mfdtjfbfLDb.

zfv k]fv nfdâsLA pfvf zfsY, kfvf k]fv …ifnbf jvsk zrQjfv jsv bf ˆhQ j¾fd§À shfLW jsv bf. kfvf dlhf-vfdÛ k]fv idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jsv; kfvf ³wdKtA jsv bf. (‚dìqf } 19-20)

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 46

3. dIdvwXkfoB zfïfrv vnCt hf lCk. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }��5�5��4j:;4<�:�9��א�G@4��9q�GضB�����N�Y)��١(}א�G�4N�:Y�4/V�4��5�B�90�א��9�F�و9א�4zو9א�|:%�� �

ªnm²À iawQnf zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv nxdójkGf zfïfrvƒ---dpdb dIdvñfslvsj hfBDhfrj (lCk) jsvb.« (Ifdk¶v } 1)

zfv vnCtoB db®ifi rsq Kfsjb. (zft-rfhfƒj 253ix} û})

dIdvwXkfhsoGv ƒhflk dIdvwXkfoB iajxdkokHfsh zfïfrv zfbcoskA vk Kfsjb. k]fslv

zhfLAkf jvfv [mkfƒ sbƒ. spsrkc k]fslv mfsU zhfLAkfv iajxdkƒ iad[å rqdb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}:S95�9ون!BC5$��9!�97�9%ن�L9$9و�B+5�9�9!:"��9!�9/V5%ن�9א���B�9$�{)�٦�(+$�06א����%�� �zKGf{, kfvf zfïfr pf kfslvsj zfslw jsvb, kf zmfbA jsv bf

ˆhQ kfvf pf jvsk zfdló rq, kfƒ jsv. (kfrvDm } 6) htf hfùtA, k]fslv zhfLAfyvB bf jvf ˆhQ zfbcokA jvf k]fslv

iajxdkok öfHfdhj hAfifv. ˆ hAfifsv k]fslvsj p{ nfmfbAW iasyóf W wam hAq jvsk rq bf. spsrkc k]fslv jciahxdÙ W ƒd¦ûqtftnf sbƒ ˆhQ k]fslv iÇyfsk wqkfbW sbƒ.

ˆƒ jfvsBƒ zsbj …tfmf hstsYb, `dIdvwXkf Hfviafå bb ˆhQ k]fvf sjfb icvõfsvv iadkwa¢dk W dkvõfsvv Lmsj wfdmt bb.' (tfWqfdm…t zfbWqfv 2/409)

dj§Â iajxkia²Àfsh dIdvwXkfhoG mfbcsNv mskf sjfb wvDqskv Hfviafå bf rstW mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj dbdlGó jfsuv ubA zhwAƒ Hfviafå W zfdló rsq Kfsjb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

��א�0A@)�٥٠(}7Y�9w9$%ن�9��B+G,4OB%:Y�B#4!�B+5,F 9و7�9�L9$9%نBC5$��9!�9!5�9ون9{ �zKGf{, kfvf Hq jsv kfslv …isv kfslv iadkiftjsj ˆhQ kfvf kf

jsv, pf kfslvsj zfslw jvf rq. (bfrXt } 50) nckvfQ k]fvf zfslZ Hfviafå bb---ˆ LfvBf ëf§À. hvQ k]fvf zfïfrv

ƒhflk W zfslw iftsbv hAfifsv Hfviafå.

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 47

`kfvf Hq jsv kfslv …isv kfslv iadkiftjsj' hfjA äfvf hcUf pfq sp, k]fslv msLA zfïfrv Hq zfsY. zfv Hq rt ˆj iajfv wvqD Hfv; hvQ ˆj iajfv …¤y ipGfsqv ƒhflk. spmb mrfb zfïfr k]fslv hAfifsv hstsYb,

7X4LB�5!�4/469%ن�9{B�9Z�B#E!�+5�9�٢٨(}و�(�� ���א���%�� �zKGf{, kfvf k]fv Hsq HDk-n§Ã²À. (‚dìqf } 28)

dIdvwXkfhsoGv mpGflf dIdvwXkfhoGsj nhsysq sp nc¦lv zfJAfqsb zfJAfdqk jvf rq kf rt,

k]fvf zfïfrv lfn, hvQ n©mfdbk lfn. k]fvf mrfb zfïfrv lfn, k]fv lfnk¶ jsvb. k]fvf mrfb zfïfrv hf¦lf, k]fv hs¦loD jsvb.

nckvfQ k]fvf zfïfrv jbAf bb ˆhQ jfsvf iaHcW bb. sp sj… ˆmb lfhD jsv, kfv lfhD dmKAf W jf¬idbj. mrfb zfïfr snƒ lfhDv Jàb j'sv hstsYb,

�:�B%:X��4 �5/9�%7X4�B�9$ل�Gو�B+5�9)��٢٦(وO9:��%7א�א-�9U9wFא��9�B)F#�5و�9:�א��9�4��B@9 �5/9��90B�5�د�p!5;�9!5%ن9{�5!9�� 9 �B+G,$4�B$:"�9#Bو�B+5,:L�9Z��9!9وLB�9$�S9:�5%ن�B#9�4��VSG'�9א�B-9}��9و�B+5�9)�٢٧( 7�9�B�9$�4�G�B!:|4%ن�9+:�B�9$

� �!7X4LB�5%ن9 4/469 B�9Z� B#4!)٢٨� (4�9U:Y� �د5و�4/4 B#4!� p/:�G'�oE�G'� B+5,BA4!� B@7X9$� B#9!9�9و+FA9,9q� 4/$GIBi9�� :K9�4�4��Vא���TGIBi9��:K4�9U:8{)�٢٩(�� ��א��� �

zKGf{, Wvf hst, `ivm lqfmq n§Àfb oarB jsvsYb.' dkdb idhÛ mrfb! hvQ kfvf skf k]fv n©mfdbk lfn. kfvf k]fv zfso shsV jKf hst bf ˆhQ kfvf skf k]fv zfslw zbcnfsvƒ jfu jsv. kfslv n©mcsJ W iÇyfsk pf djYc zfsY kf dkdb zhok. kfvf ncifdvw jsv sjht kfslv ubA pfslv iadk dkdb n§Âó ˆhQ kfvf k]fv Hsq HDk-n§Ã²À. kfslv msLA sp htsh, `zfdmƒ …ifnA dkdb hAkDk' kfsj zfdm wfd²À dlh ufrfâfsm; ˆHfshƒ zfdm nDmftQObjfvDslvsj wfd²À dlsq Kfdj. (‚dìqf } 26-29)

dIdvwXkfmàtD mrfb zfïfrv zfÎfhr lfn. k]fslv msLA lfnsk¶v njt ÈB hkGmfb zfsY. k]fvf dbu dbu jkGhAiftsb dbvk zfsYb.

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 48

ùjcm kfmDt jvfv ubA nlf ia²Âk zfsYb. mrfb zfïfrv ƒtXm k]fslvsj idvshób j'sv zfsY. k]fvf k]fv zfslw tQOb jvsk ifsvb bf. k]fv sjfb dbslGswv dhsvfdLkf jvsk ifsvb bf. k]fvf nlf k]fv Hsq HDk-n§Ã²À. zfv pdl LsvW sbWqf pfq sp, k]fslv msLA sj… k]fv dbslGw tQOb jvshb, kfrst k]fsj mrfb zfïfr k]fv dhsûfsrv wfd²À ialfb jvshb.

dIdvwXkfhsoGv lfnsk¶v idviCBGkfv ˆjde zftfmk ˆƒ sp, k]fvf k]fv zfso shsV jKf hstb bf, k]fv jfsY sjfb ia²Àfh siw jsvb bf. k]fv zfslswv dhv¢sÝ sjfb zdHspfo hf iadkhfl jsvb bf. hvQ k]fvf k]fv zfslw dhbf iadkhfsl iftb jsvb ˆhQ k]fv ùjcm zdhtsì kfmDt jsvb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, ªkfvf k]fv zfso shsV jKf hst bf ˆhQ kfvf skf k]fv zfslw zbcnfsvƒ jfu jsv.« (‰ } 27)

k]fvf sjht kfƒ jsvb pf jvsk k]fslvsj zfslw jvf rq. zfïfrv zfslwƒ k]fslvsj ndÛÁq jsv ˆhQ k]fv zfslwƒ k]fslvsj dbd°ÛÁq jsv.

ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr � duhvDt �-sj htstb, `zfidb sp idvmfsB zfmfslv jfsY zfsnb, kfv yfƒsk shdw idvmfsB zfsnb bf sjb?' ˆv Ist zhkDBG rt,

}�:KP 9��5!9�� 9 9A$4�B$:"�9#B��و9A:L�9Z��9!9��و9!9�� 9 B#�9ذK4�9:�و9!9��8:�ن�9/:��:KE 9��G�B!:|4 ��V�G'�5لFI9A969���9!9و�� 4�9�{)�٦٤�(+$�!���%�� �

zKGf{, (duhaf„t htt,) `zfmvf zfibfv iadkiftsjv zfslw hAdksvsj zhkvB jdv bf; zfmfslv n©mcsJ W iÇyfsk pf zfsY W ˆƒ lc-ˆv z§ÀhGkGD pf zfsY kf k]fvƒ. zfv zfibfv iadkiftj Hcthfv bb.' (mfvqAfm } 64)

k]fslv ƒhflskv jdkiq bmcbf dIdvwXkf zfïfrv ƒhflkjfvD hf¦lf. k]fv zfbcoskAv Hfviafå. k]fvf

k]fv ƒhflk W zfbcokA zdk nrsu iftb jsvb. dbsuslv lfdqk¶Hfv zbfqfsn hrb jsvb. ˆ ²¿st jcvzfb W rflDn sKsj k]fslv jdkiq ƒhflskv bmcbf dhhxk rt }-

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 49

1. kfnhDr dIdvwXkfhoG mrfb zfïfrv dpjXv jsvb. zfv k]fv hV dpjXv rt

kfnhDr. zfvw-hfrj dIdvwXkf k]fv kfnhDr jsvb. dkdb hstsYb, }�+5,9AB 9 � 9o4{7O9و� B+G,E 9�� 4�B�904 � �50E�9�5$%ن9 GشB�9��א� GلB%9)� B#4!� 9��Y�9)� :j:;4<�:�9��א� �و9�9-9

9��Eא9����:�9�4��4/V�4��5�B�90��9א@ 4O9و�Ef90��4 {)�٧٥�(�!Iא����%�� �ªkcdm dIdvñfslvsj slJsk ifsh sp, Wvf zfvswv yfdvifw dOsv

Wslv iadkiftsjv niawQn idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jvsY. bAfsqv nsÌ njstv dhyfv jvf rsh; zfv htf rsh, `nm²À iawQnf dhw¶uoskv iadkiftj zfïfrv iafiA.« (pcmfv } 75)

�4��B+G,E 9و5A4!BC5$9%ن�9 �4/4و5�4LB�96B�9$9ون�9{�B�904 �950%نE�9�5$�5/:�B%9)�B#9!9ش�9وB�9��7�4%ن�9א�B09$�9#$4UVא�4��:K:� 4�9�� �و9א-%5�9�Fא �-9� %5א 9#$4UV�4�� B�4LM�:Y� �و4�9��[� j9�B)F�� Q�Bo9�� F@78� 9kB�4�9و� �9AF 9�� �%5A9!2א 9#$4UV�

G+ 409i��9א�����Y�M)��٧(}و9U9��B+G,4O9א%�� �ªpfvf zfvw LfvB j'sv zfsY ˆhQ pfvf ˆv yfdvifw dOsv zfsY, kfvf

kfslv iadkiftsjv idhÛkf W mdrmf iawQnfv nfsK sOfNBf jsv ˆhQ kfsk dhw¶fn ²¿fib jsv ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv ubA [mf iafKGbf j'sv hst, `sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! skfmfv lqf W Îfb nhGhAfiD; zkˆh pfvf kWhf jsv W skfmfv iK zhtìb jsv, kcdm kfslvsj [mf jv ˆhQ ufrfâfsmv wfd²À rsk v[f jv.« (mc'dmb } 7)

}FنG'95�5ونiB�9$�5/:�950%��5/9وE�9�5$99�4�د9-�4/4و��B#9��996;�5�4ونB�9$�:S�:KE 9��9�A4��9#$4UVא��{�� �ªdbÇyqƒ pfvf skfmfv iadkiftsjv nfdâsLA vsqsY, kfvf zrQjfsv

kf]v …ifnbfq dhmcJ rq bf. kfvf k]fv mdrmf sOfNBf jsv ˆhQ kf]vƒ dbje kfvf dnulfhbk rq.« (zf'vfI } 206)

�G@Bو9א�{V���4 �5/:��950%نE�9�5$�:KE 9��9�A4��9#$4UV��:Y96;�5�9وא�Bא��GنG*:Y:S�B+5�9و�G��9,FA95%ن!:|B�9$�{�� �ªWvf zrQjfv jvstW pfvf skfmfv iadkiftsjv nfdâsLA vsqsY,

kfvf skf dlb-vfk k]fv idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jsv ˆhQ kfvf j¾fd§ÀshfL jsv bf.« (rf-mDm nfulfr } 38)

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 50

}�5�%7L9���9%5��9א/Vא���FنG'��:�:"�GضB��4��B+G,E 9و5�4LB�96B�9$9ون�o4Y�#9�4��9א�|:�B�904 �950%نE�9�5$�7j:;4<�:�9��و9א5+ 4)F�٥(}א���(�����א��%%�� �

ªdIdvñf kfslv iadkiftsjv niawQn idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jsv ˆhQ ixdKhDv hfdn¦lfv ubA [mf iafKGbf jsv. susb vfJ sp, dbÇyq zfïfr, dkdbƒ yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.« (wCvf } 5)

}4/46:L 4Z�B#4!�7j:;4<:�9���4�4و9א�B�904 �5�B�F�5א��uE�9�5$9א����)��١٣(}و���%�� �ªhuaL¶db W dIdvñfoB nHsq kf]v niawQn mdrmf W idhÛkf sOfNBf

jsv.« (vf'l } 13) k]fvf k]fv kfnhDr ifE jsvb dlhfvfdÛ dbv§Àv.

�5�56L9$��:��9ون9{�9,FA�9و9א�@B V50%ن�9א��E�9�5${)�٢٠�(�� ���א���%�� �zKGf{, kfvf dlhf-vfdÛ k]fv idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jsv; kfvf

³wdKtA jsv bf. (‚dìqf } 19-20) k]fvf ˆk shdw kfnhDr ifE jsvb sp, k]fvfƒ zfnt kfnhDr ifEjfvD

v™si idvdyk. ˆsk k]fslv ohG jvfW nfsu, �א���z�Y)��١٦٦(}و�5#B09A:���F�G'9א50E�9�5��%ن�9)�١٦٥(و�5#B09A:���F�G'9א��ªY�F%ن�9{ �

ªzfmvf zhwAƒ nfdvhÝHfsh làfqmfb ˆhQ zfmvf zhwAƒ k]fv idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBfjfvD.« (n¶fIXIfk } 165-166)

k]fvf k]fv kfnhDr ifE jsvb, spsrkc kfnhDr rt nhGswaô dpjXv. mrfb zfïfrv nhsysq shdw iY¦lbDq jKf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

»�FنG'�F�9):"�Gא�;:�:م��:�G'�4/>90�ن��9:א��B�5��4/>�4�4א���B�904 9و«. �zKGf{, dbÇyq zfïfrv dbje nhsysq shdw iY¦lbDq jKf rt }

`nchrfbfïfdr zdhrfmdlr.' (mcndtm 7102bQ) sjfbX dpjXv nhGswaô? ˆv …Ùsv dkdb hstsYb,

»�9!��:L:~B1�9�4:>4;:�4/46א��</�5א��B90�ن9�4�4��:9�د�4�4":وB�5��4/>�4�4א���B�904 9و«. �ª(mrfb zfïfrv dbje nhsysq …Ùm jKf rt,) pf dkdb dbu

dIdvwXkfmàtD zKhf dbu hf¦lfosBv ubA dbhGfdyk jsvsYb } `nchrfbfïfdr zdhrfmdlr.' (mcndtm 7101bQ)

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 51

2. jfkfv h]fLf k]fvf nfdvhÝ rsq zfïfrv ƒhflk jsvb. ObHfsh jfkfv sh]sL l]fVfb

iadkiftsjv nfmsb. iCshG …sïJ jvf rsqsY sp, mrfbhD � zfmfslvsj zfmfslv bfmfspv jfkfsv k]fslv zbcjvB jvsk …äcÝ jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,

»Pd5�9-��9�:8�9ن%ªL5�9-�:S:"���9,E 9��9�BA4��7j:;4<:�9��א�«.� �ªskfmvf iadkiftsjv nfmsb dIdvñfhsoGv jfkfv h]fLfv mskf jfkfv

sh]sL l]fVfsh bf dj?« zfmvf httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! dIdvñfhoG k]fslv iadkiftsjv

nfmsb jDv™si jfkfv sh]sL l]fVfb.` dkdb htstb, �.»9�969$אP1%ن��4Y�9א��P�465$��EdF%ن�9א���9�%7LPא�7و9ل�9و9« �

ªiaKmjfv jfkfvnmCr iCBG jsvb ˆhQ Ob rsq usm jfkfv sh]sL l]fVfb.« (mcndtm 430, zfhC lf†l 661, dmwjfk 1091bQ)

jcvzfbD hBGbfq k]fvf dbsuvfƒ hstsYb, ���א���z�Y)��١٦٥(}و�5#B09A:���F�G'9א��ªY�F%ن9{%�� �

ªzfmvf zhwAƒ nfdvhÝHfsh làfqmfb.« (n¶fIXIfk } 165) ˆ zh²¿fq k]fvf iadkiftsjv …sÜswA djqfm jsvb, v¢jC jsvb W

dnulf jsvb. nfrfhD rfjDm dhb drpfm � hstb, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr � nfrfhfosBv mfsU dYstb. zj±mf{ dkdb hst …Estb, ªskfmvf dj kf ðbsk if¤Y, pf zfdm ðbsk ifd¤Y?« njst htt, `zfmvf skf djYc ðbsk ifd¤Y bf.' dkdb htstb,

)��K:�9!�4/B ,��!%�VS'��B�4��5 Wو�9�9:Y��!و�V�4�9-�4و!��-�5:م�5"ن��9��Fא���:� 4N"�5 9�B���oE�'�5+4<�O�Bو"�p�q��.(� �

zKGf{, zfdm skf zfjfswv jeXjeX wè ðbsk ifd¤Y. zfv ˆ wè jvfq kfv slfN sbƒ. kfv mfsU zLG rfk idvmfB ˆmb ufqof sbƒ, pfsk sjfb dIdvwXkf dnulf zKhf djqfm zh²¿fq sbƒ. (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 3122, dn} nrDrfr 852bQ)

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 52

3. rÏ dIdvwXkfhsoGv ubA nåm zfnmfsb jf'hf zfsY, spJfsb k]fvf rÏ

jsv Kfsjb. mrfb zfïfr k]fslv sn jf'hfv bfm dlsqsYb `zft-hfqkct mf'mCv' ˆhQ zft-j¶cvzfsb k]fv jnmW sJsqsYb. (k¶Cv } 4)

ƒhsb jfNDv hstsYb, `nrDrfqsb iamfdBk sp, vfnCtcïfr � ƒnvfv rflDsn hstsYb, ªzk}iv (nåm zfnmfb zdkÛÁm jvfv iv) zfmfv ubA `hfqsk mf'mCv' siw jvf rt. zfdm ufbsk ifvtfm, kfsk iakAr nÙv rfufv dIdvwXkf iashw jsvb. zk}iv kfv iadk dIsv zfnfv zfv ncspfo ifb bf. snefƒ k]fslv nhGswN iashw rq.« (hcJfvD 3207, mcndtm 434bQ)

sn oxsr k]fvf ƒhflk jsvb, kfv kWqfI jsvb; spmb mcndtmvf mÄfv jf'hfoxsrv kfWqfI jsv.

†L¶Gstfsjv jf'hfv nfsK zsLfstfsjv jf'hfv ncnflxw zfsY. kfƒskf mrfbhD � ƒhafrDm �-sj `hfqsk mf'mCv'-ˆ diE äfvf sEn tfdosq hnsk slsJsYb. jfvB dkdbƒ lcdbqfv jf'hfv dbmGfkf. spsrkc iadklfb rq jxkjsmGv swaBDHcÙÁ.

htf rq, iaskAj zfnmfsb ˆjde jsv …ifnbftq zfsY. zfnmfbhfnD kfsk mrfb zfïfrv ƒhflk jsv. iaKm zfnmfsbv …ifnbftsqv bfm rt `hfqkct ƒpXpfr'.

4. mrfb zfïfrv HDdk dIdvwXkfoB mrfb zfïfrsj Hq jsvb. zfv Hq ˆjde ƒhflk.

spsrkc k]fvf k]fsj shdw sysbb, kfƒ k]fv iadk k]fslv Hq W kf'pDm shdw. dkdb k]fslv hAfifsv hstsYb,

7X4LB�5!�4/469%ن�9{B�9Z�B#E!�+5�9�٢٨(}و�(�� ���א���%�� �zKGf{, kfvf k]fv Hsq HDk-n§Ã²À. (‚dìqf } 28)

}F�5א��uE�9�5$94/46و:L 4Z�B#4!�7j:;4<:�9���4�4و9א�B�904 �5�B�{)א����)��١٣���%�� �zKGf{, huaL¶db W dIdvñfoB nHsq kf]v niawQn mdrmf W idhÛkf

sOfNBf jsv. (vf'l } 13)

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 53

k]fslv HDNB zfïfr-HDdkv bmcbf ifWqf pfq ˆjde rflDsn. mrfbhD � hstsYb, ªmrfb zfïfr pJb zfnmfsb sjfb dhNsq Ifqnftf jsvb, kJb dIdvwXkfoB k]fv jKfq dhbma rsq Ffbf mfvsk Kfsjb. kfsk ifKsvv …iv dwjstv zfOfk iVfv mskf wè rq. k]fvf HDk-wdËk rsq isVb. ªidvswsN pJb Wslv z§Àv rsk Hq dhlCdvk rq, kJb Wvf iv±isvv msLA duÎfnfhfl jsv, `skfmfslv iadkiftj jD ùjcm jsvsYb?' …Ùsv kfvf hstb, `pf nkA dkdb kfƒ hstsYb. dkdb nc…¤y, ncmrfb.' (nfhf' } 23, hcJfvD 4701bQ)

duhaf„t �-ˆv Hsqv lwf slJcb. mrfbhD � hstb, ªƒnvfv vfsÛ zfdm †L¶G uo{ si]ZYst duhvDtsj slJtfm, dkdb zfïfrv Hsq icvsbf wkvdÑv mskf rsq zfsYb.« (k¶fhfvfbDv zfWnfk¶ 4679, n} ufsm' 5864bQ)

dIdvwXkf W mfbcN

iaKmk} dIdvwXkf W zflm

mfbcN nxdóv drjmk dhNsq k]fslv iaw } mrfb zfïfr pJb mfbcN nxdóv ƒ¤Yf jvstb ˆhQ dIdvwXkfhsoGv jfsY

kf iajfw jvstb, kJb k]fvf k]fv dbje sn nxdóv drjmk ufbsk yfƒstb. jfvB k]fvf (du¶b ufdkv zfyvsB) ufbskb, mfbcNW ixdKhDv hcsj dIkbf-Ifnfl, JcbfJcdb-vÙÁifk, zhfLAfyvB W ifi jvsh. mrfb zfïfr k]fslvsj drjmk ufdbsq dlstb. dkdb hstsYb,

}�#9!� �9, 4Y� 5@9�Bi9-:"� �O:��%7א j:L 4�9Z� GضB��א�: o4Y� p@4��9q�oE�G'� 4j:;4<:�9��4�� :KP 9�� �O:�ل9 BذG'9و�:S� �9!� 5+:�B�:"� oE�G'� �O:�ل9 :K:�� �وE�:X5�9س5 :t4�B�904 � 5uE�9�5�� 5#B09�9و� ��9!Eא��� 7K4LB�9$9و� �9, 4Y� 5�4�L5$

���א����X)��٣٠(}-�B�9:�5%ن�9%�� �zKGf{, (n¹vB jv) pJb skfmfv iadkiftj dIdvñfslvsj htstb,

`zfdm ixdKhDsk iadkdbdL nxdó jvdY.' kfvf htt, `zfidb dj snJfsb ˆmb jf…sjW nxdó jvshb, sp zwfd§À Oefsh W vÙÁifk jvsh? zKy zfmvfƒ skf zfibfv niawQn mdrmf jDkGb W idhÛkf sOfNBf jdv.' dkdb htstb, `dbÇyqƒ zfdm pf ufdb kf skfmvf ufb bf.' (hfj¶fvfr } 30)

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 54

zflmsj k]fslv dnulf } mfbcsNv zfdl-dikf zflm nxdó rst mrfb nxdójkGf dIdvwXkfhoGsj

zfslw jvstb, k]fvf spb zflmsj (kf'pDmD) dnulf jsv. dkdb hstb, }��4N�#4!�9�9[א� �pf4��9Z�oE�G'�4j:;4<�:�9��4�� :KP 9�4 /�4)�٧١('GذO�B:�ل�9Y�5kBw:L9�9�5/56وB$F%9ذ9א��G*:Y

9#$4�4q�9��5/:%5א���:X:Y�o4)وP����ص)��٧٢(}!�#4%�� �zKGf{, ±mvB jv, pJb skfmfv iadkiftj dIdvñfslvsj hstdYstb,

`dbÇyq zfdm mfde rsk mfbcN nxdó jvh. nckvfQ pJb zfdm Wsj ncEfm jvh ˆhQ Wsk zfmfv v™r (uDhb) nÑfv jvh,kJb skfmvf Wv iadk dnulfv ubA tcdesq isVf.' (n¶fl } 71-72)

nckvfQ k]fvf k]fv zfslw iftb j'sv zflmsj dnulf jsvb. ƒhtDn drQnf W zrQjfvhwk} sn zfslw zmfbA jsv ˆhQ k]fsj dnulf j'sv n©mfb dlsk zöDjfv jsv. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

}� �":5�9�Bq%ن9 B+5,ª�78� 7j:;4<�:�9��א� 9�9i9�:Y)٧٣� (9#$G�4Y�:;�א� B#4!� �و89:�ن9 9�9�;96Bא�� 9� 4�B G'� �V�G'{����ص)�٧٤(%�� �

zKGf{, kJb dIdvñfvf njstƒ dnulf jvt---ƒhtDn YfVf, sn zrQjfv jvt ˆhQ nkAiakAfJAfbjfvDslv z§ÀHcGÙÁ rt. (n¶fl } 73-74)

zflm �-sj dIdvwXkfv dbslGwbf } mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�אذO�5/:X:�9Z��F�:�:Y�:��:�9��B+��9�:Y�B�9�B:�ل�9f:�9Z،9א��V/2�5د9م%51��:�9��9�P64��5/7�%7N�4/4-9%ن�9ذ4�9א�[�(��9,F�G*:Y�:K9�%P 905$��9!�B 4�96B��:Y�p7�5%سq�4j:;4<�:�9��א�B#4!�G�:LFAא��:K4�:7و�":K46F$E�409 K56F:�و409-9 �7jFذ5-،�

�X:Y:��%7א:X:Y:�ل9 B+7;B :�9�� �א��V/4:�א���F:�م5 7j9�B)9��و9 :KB :�9�� �א��V/4،�א���F:�م5 7j9�B)9��و9 �9I:Y�،�P@7;:Yאد5و�5%51��:�9�2�4�9د9م9��:jFA9i�5@�5אZB�9$�B#9!،£�א��F69)�5�B�9 �5¦7XBA9$�5f�9w�א�B9لI9$�B+:�:Y�9ن.(� �

zKGf{, zfïfr zflmsj kfv zfjfsv nxdó jsvsYb, pfv ³lOGA rt Nfe rfk. nckvfQ pJb k]fsj nxdó jvstb, kJb htstb, `kcdm pfW ˆhQ ‰ sp dIdvwXkfmàtDv ˆjde lt hsn zfsY, kfslv …iv nftfm siw jv. zfv Wvf skfmfv nftfsmv dj uhfh dls¤Y kf mb dlsq ðsbf. sjbbf, Wefƒ rsh skfmfv W skfmfv n§Àfb-n§Àdkv nftfm dhdbmsqv vDdk.'

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 55

nckvfQ dkdb (k]fslv jfsY dosq) htstb, `zfnnftfmc zftfqjcm'. k]fvf …Ùsv htstb, `zfnnftfmc zftfƒjf zvfrmfkcïfr'. zkˆh k]fvf `zvfrmfkcïfr' wèef shwD htstb. pfvf shsrwXsk iashw jvsh, kfslv iaskAsj rsh k]fv zfjfsvv (Nfe rfk). kJb sKsj ˆ pfh{ nxdó (mfbcsNv ³lOGA) jm rsq zfnsY.« (hcJfvD 6227, mcndtm 7342bQ)

zflm �-sj dIdvwXkfv sofnt lfb } zflm � pJb ƒd§Àjft jsvb, kJb k]fv n§Àfbvf ufbskb bf sp,

k]fv slr dbsq jD jvshb? dIdvwXkf k]fslvsj dw[f dlstb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

��).�:�2�9o�Y5%5-��Fد9مB6:�F�:M�5/�5א�:�:>�7j:;4 4��:���4و�B-Gא�و9":5�90�وא��:/�5وO9��%7א��2�7j�A5��4�4Uد9م�o4Y�9و4�4�:�9( �ªpJb zflm mxkcAhvB jvstb, kJb dIdvwXkf shsufV nQJAfq ifdb

äfvf k]fv sofnt dlstb ˆhQ k]fsj hotD jhsv lfIb jvf rt. zfv htf rt, ˆ rt zflsmv ncâk k]fv n§Àfbslv msLA.« (rfsjm 4004, n} ufsm' 5207bQ)

ˆ …©mskv msLA ˆj hAdÙÁsj dIdvwXkf sofnt lfb jsvsYb. dkdb rstb rfbpftf dhb zfhD zfsmv �. dkdb …ùl pcsÝ wrDl rb. vfnCtcïfr � nfrfhf �-sj Jhv slb sp, rfbpftfsj dIdvwXkf sofnt lfb jvsYb. nfrfhfoB k]fv ²ÃDsj duÎfnf jvst dkdb htstb, `dkdb pJb pcsÝv zfrhfb swfsbb, kJb zidhÛ zh²¿fq shv rsq pfb.' ˆƒ sKsj dkdb `ofnDtct mftfƒjfr' hst iadnÝ.

dIdvwXkf W zflm-n§Àfb

dIdvwXkfv nfsK zflm-n§Àfsbv nclxP n©ijG vsqsY. u¦m sKsj mxkcA ipG§À k]fvf kfslv nfsK nfsK Kfsjb. mfkxosHG ë™Bv™si nxdóv nmq kfv idvypGf jsvb. nfvf uDhb dbvfiÙf v[Dv mskf kfv nfsKv nfKD rsq Kfsjb. kfv nc¦lv uDhb-hAh²¿fv ubA zfnmfb sKsj zrD dbsq zhkvB jsvb. kfv uDhsbv Hfstf-m¦l zfmt dtdihÝ jsvb. zfv mvsBv nmq kfv ufb jhu jsvb.

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 56

mfbcN us¦mv iÇyfsk dIdvwXkfv HCdmjf ƒhsb mfn†l � sKsj hdBGk, dpdb nkAhflD W p]fv jKf nkA hst

mfbf rq snƒ vfnCtcïfr � zfmfslvsj hstsYb, ªskfmfslv ˆj usbv nxdóv …iflfb mfsqv osHG ydïw dlb pfh{ hDspGv zfjfsv Kfsj. zk}iv kf zbcv™iHfsh ydïw dlsb umfehÝ vÙÁdisàv v™i sbq. icbvfq kla™i ydïw dlsb sofsñv ecjvfq v™if§Àdvk rq. zk}iv kfv dbje dIdvñf ifEfsbf rq. nckvfQ kfv mfsU `v™r' ²¿fib jvf rq ˆhQ yfvde jKf dtJfv zfslw slWqf rq; kfv v¢pD, mxkcA, zfmt ˆhQ ifdiô bf icBAhfb rsh kf dtJf rq. snƒ nÙfv wiK, dpdb YfVf sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ! (us¦mv iv) skfmfslv ˆj hAdÙÁ ufâfkhfnDslv mskf jfu-jmG jvsk Kfsj ˆhQ kfv W ufâfskv mfsU mfÛ ˆj rfk kIf{ sKsj pfq. ˆmkfh²¿fq kfv (HfsoAv) dtJb ˆdosq zfsn ˆhQ sn ufrfâfmDslv mskf zfmt jvsk tfso; Ist sn ufrfâfsm iashw jsv. zfv skfmfslv zbA ˆj hAdÙÁ iaKsm ufrfâfmDslv mskf zfmt jsv ˆhQ kfv W ufrfâfsmv mfsU mfÛ ˆj rfk kIf{ Kfsj. ˆmkfh²¿fq kfv (HfsoAv) dtJb ˆdosq zfsn. kJb sn ufâfkDslv mskf dÛÁqfjmG zfvý jsv; idvBdksk sn ufâfsk iashw jsv.« (hcJfvD 3208, mcndtm 6893bQ)

zfhC pfvG � jkxGj hdBGk, vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb, �»��9,9�B�9��9f:�9Z99�9��و�F%9�:Y��;:�9!��9,B :�G'�5/V�9�9�9א�� �j:�B 'Gذ9א�!96BA4��4j:L~PA��4 �F�9�ن�Gو9":�B 5�9%ن��9:

F+5���9,9!�:�4�99,9��و�B0:�99�9��4��وq9�9.�و9 9�9�9�9��و�9���9�!�:KP 9���4{X9 :Y��9�B�7"�Bم:"�p�:89ذ:"�E�9�O:�ل9$�9��9�5/7�9q:"�Eو9$9;56� 7X9%ل�5�KP 9:�!9���9���9و9$9;�5�56א7X9$�F+5��7K:�9��%ل9$�5��.���5א7X9$�F+5��7K:�9��%ل9$�5��:Y

5/7OBزG��E�9��.�7K:�9���9و9$9;�5�56א�9���9�!�:KP 9���4{X9 :Y...«�.� �ª(mfkxosHG ë™B) hDpG zfjfsv pJb dhqfdïw dlb zdkhfdrk rq, kJb

zfïfr kfv iadk ˆjde dIdvwXkf siavB jsvb. zk}iv dkdb kfv v™ilfb jsvb, kfv wahBwdÙÁ, lxdówdÙÁ, ymG, mfQn W zd²¿ nxdó jsvb. zk}iv dkdb hstb, `sr iadkiftj! icv¢N, bfdj ²ÃD?' nckvfQ skfmfv iadkiftj pf yfb, Ifqnftf jsvb ˆhQ dIdvwXkf dtdihÝ jsvb---.« (mcndtm 6896bQ)

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 57

zfbfn � jkGxj hdBGk, bhD � hstsYb, �»�B�:"��j:X:�9��E�9��B�:"��j:L~5��E�9��B� 7X9%ل�5"::Y��;:�9!�G+4)F���4 �9@V89و�B�:O�F@9q9و�FI9��9/Vא���FنG'

�j9�B{5!�E�9�9��Eذ�p�:89":وG*:Y�Bذ9א�":�9אد�9א��V/�5":نO��X�9Z�9�4{X9$�B:�ل�9.���B�:"�7K:�9��ل�9א�:O���9�B�7"��4/E!7"�G#~9 ��4Y�:K4�9U:8�5�96;5 :Y�5@9q:9��א��:Y�5قBزE9��א���:Y�p� 4�9��B�4?�":وX9�«.� �

ªzfïfr oHGfwsq ˆjub dIdvwXkf dbsqfo jsvb. zk}iv dkdb hstb, `sr iadkiftj! hDpG. sr iadkiftj! vÙÁdià. sr iadkiftj! mfQnJà.' zk}iv zfïfr pJb kfv nxdóv Ifqnftf jsvb, kJb dkdb (dIdvwXkf) hstb, `sr iadkiftj! icv¢N, bfdj ²ÃD? lcHGfoAhfb, bfdj snZHfoAhfb? v¢pD jD? hqn jk?' nckvfQ kf kfv mfsqv sise (Kfjf zh²¿fq) stJf rq.« (hcJfvD 6595, mcndtm 6900bQ)

dIdvwXkfv zflm-n§Àfsbv v[Bfsh[B mrfb zfïfrv hf¦lfv iadk ˆjde mrf zbcoar sp, dkdb dIdvwXkf äfvf

kfv v[Bfsh[B jsvb. dkdb hstsYb, }�p�G��و9�9� G@B V���4 � QdBw96B�5!� 9%5�� B#9!9و� 4/4 � 9�9,9q� �و9!#9 �אB%:X�ل9 F�9�:"� B#F!� +7;AE!� �9%9א�

�G��9,FA��4 )١٠�(7�:LB09$�4/4L�9Z�B#4!9�4و/B$9�9$�G#B 9 �#E!�pz�9��X9�5!�5/:�4/>א���G�B!:"�B#4!�5/9�%{)�١١(� �zKGf{, skfmfslv msLA sp sofisb jKf hst ˆhQ sp kf iajfswA hst,

sp vfsÛ zfk¹sofib jsv ˆhQ sp dlhsn iajfswA dhyvB jsv, kfvf (zfïfrv Îfsb) nhfƒ nmfb. mfbcsNv ubA kfv nfmsb W siYsb ˆsjv iv ˆj iarvD Kfsj; Wvf zfïfrv zfslsw kfv v[Bfsh[B jsv. (vf'l } 10-11)

jcvzfsbv HfNAjfv ƒhsb zfêfn � hstsYb, ªˆsjv iv ˆj iarvD' rstb zfïfrv i[ sKsj dbsqfduk dIdvwXkf. k]fvf mfbcsNv nfmsb W siYsb sKsj kfv v[Bfsh[B jsvb. zk}iv pJb zfïfrv snƒ kjlDv ˆsn pfq, pf kfv uDhsb Oesh, kJb k]fvf kfv dbje sKsj nsv pfb.«

mcufdrl hstsYb, ªˆmb sjfb hf¦lf sbƒ, pfv ubA dbsqfduk dIdvwXkf sbƒ, dpdb kfv Ocm§À W ufoak zh²¿fq kfsj ([dkjv) du¶b, mfbcN W nvDnxi sKsj v[Bfsh[B jsv. ˆv msLA djYc kfv jfsY ˆstƒ

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 58

dIdvwXkf kfsj hstb, `disY rsef!' dj§Â zfïfrv zbcmdk Kfjst sn kfv [dk jsv.«

ˆj hAdÙÁ zftD dhb zfhD kfsth �-sj htt, `mcvfl sofsÛv djYc stfj zfibfsj rkAf jvsk yfq.' dkdb htstb, `iaskAj hAdÙÁv nfsK lc'ub dIdvwXkf Kfsjb, kjlDsv bf Kfjst k]fvf kfv drIfpk jsvb. zk}iv kjlDv ˆsn sost k]fvf kfv W kfv kjlDsvv dbje sKsj nsv pfb. mxkcAOdV lcsHGlA Tft öv™i.' (zft-dhlfqfr zb-dbrfqfr 1/54)

dIdvwXkf zfdìqfv iadk zfïfrv lCk mrfb zfïfr djYc dIdvwXkfsj k]fv lCk drnfsh mfbcsNv dbje siavB

jsv Kfsjb. dkdb hstsYb, }pJ4�9 �p  4�9��9/Vא���FنG'�Gس�FA5�5���و9!�9#4א���4j:;4<�:�9���9#4א!�o4L:~B�9$�5/V)��٧٥(}א���א¬�� �

ªzfïfr dIdvñfslv mLA rsk msbfbDk jsvb hfBDhfrj (lCk) ˆhQ mfbcsNv mLA rskW. dbÇyq zfïfr nhGswafkf, nhGlaóf.« (rfÏ } 75)

zrDhfrj drnfsh dIdvwXkf duhvDt � iadnÝ zfsYb. dkdbƒ nfLfvBk} mrfb zfïfrv dbje sKsj zrD W iakAfslw dbsq bhDosBv iadk zfomb jvskb. spmb mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�4/B$9�9$�9#B 9 ��9�����OE�9�5!�4/>א���GنBذG*4 �:K4��:O��:�9��5/:�FI9��5/F�G*:Y�9@$G�B�4i9#�8:�ن5�9��9و�א���!�B@7O�9�4A4!BC5��4���9�B�5 9و�����א����X)��٩٧(}و�5�9[%�� �

zKGf{, (sr bhD!) ht, `sp duhaf„stv wÛ¢ rsh sn susb vfJcj, sn (duhaf„t) skf zfïfrv dbslGwÛÁsm skfmfv r™lsq jcvzfb si]ZsY slq, pf kfv iChGhkDG djkfh (LmGoa§¿)nmCsrv nmKGj ˆhQ mc'dmbslv ubA pf iK ialwGj W ncnQhfllfkf.'(hfj¶fvfr } 97)

4�9#$G)�١٩٣(�9I9ل�9 �4/4א��Pو{�5א�|:!�5�4{UA5��964;7%ن�9!�9#4א��:K4��:O��:�9�{))��١٩٤�א����א� �ªdhw¶²À v™r (duhaf„t) kf dbsq zhkvB jsvsY, skfmfv r™lsq, pfsk

kcdm nkjGjfvD rsk ifsvf.« (ðzf'vf } 193-194) zhwA jJsbf jJsbf duhvDt � YfVf zbA dIdvwXkfW zrD dbsq

zhkvB jsvsYb. spmb rflDsn ˆsnsY,

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 59

ƒhsb zfêfn � hstb, ˆjlf duhvDt � bhD �-ˆv dbje …idhó dYstb; ˆmb nmq …iv dlj rsk ˆj wè ðbstb. …iv dlsj mfKf kcst dkdb htstb, `ˆ wède zfnmfsbv ˆj lvufv wè pf zfu sJftf rt; pf zfu YfVf ƒdkiCshG j[sbf sJftf rqdb. ‰ lvuf dlsq ˆj dIdvñf zhkvB jsvb.' zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªdkdb ˆmb ˆj dIdvñf dpdb (zfu) ixdKhDv iadk zhkvB jvstb, zfu YfVf ƒdk iCshG sjfbdlb dkdb zhkvB jsvbdb. zk}iv dkdb nftfm dlsq htstb, ª(sr mcrf©mfl!) zfidb lcde suAfdkv ncnQhfl dbb; pf zfibfsj lfb jvf rsqsY ˆhQ pf iCshG sjfb bhDsjƒ lfb jvf rqdb; (kf rt,) nCvf Ifskrf W hfj¶fvfv swN (lcƒ) zfqfk. pJbƒ zfidb …Hqsj ifE jvshb, kJbƒ zfibfsj …Hsqv iaskAj hfsjAv (iafdKGk dhNq zKhf nWqfh) ialfb jvf rsh.« (mcndtm 806bQ)

mrfbhD � hstsYb, "-���9I�9��Fo�:�9��9+V�9��:Y��K�:�9!�o4ل�9!�9#�4א�����F�GI�BA9$�­�4ل�o4�9�F��9�:Y���9,:�B�:O�B"ن�Fא�:��������������9#9(

9��9# 9�EאB 9 ��4��7�9�E��G@B�"�4א®:4jFAوא�9�7��:j9�4N�Y�Fو"ن�jFA:®א�G@B�"�4��9�9��.(� �ªzfmfv dbje ˆj dIdvwXkf zfnmfb sKsj zhkvB j'sv zfmfsj

nftfm dlsqsYb, dpdb ƒdkiCshG sjfbdlb zhkvB jsvbdb. dkdb zfmfsj ncnQhfl dlsqsYb sp, rfnfb W ùnfƒb ufâfkD pchjslv nlGfv ˆhQ Ifskmf ufâfkD mdrtfslv nlGfv.« (ƒhsb zfnfdjv, n} ufsm' 79bQ)

p]fv jfsY dIdvwXkf ˆsnsYb, dkdbƒ bhD bb ˆ ixdKhDv hcsj p]fv jfsY sjfb dIdvwXkf ˆsnsYb, dkdbƒ bhD hf vnCt

rshb---ˆmb bfW rsk ifsv. mrfb zfïfr mfvqAfsmv jfsY duhvDt �-sj ifdEsqdYstb, zKy dkdb bhD bb. …s©m ƒnmf„stv dbje pJb Jfbf-ifdb swN rsq sot, kJb dkdb duhvDt �-sj k]fv dbje ifdEsqdYstb, zKy dkdb bhD bb.

nfrfhf � duhvDt �-sj shlc„sbv shsw lwGb jsvsYb. mrfbhD � hstb, ªˆj hAdÙÁ zbA sjfb oafsm kfv Hfƒsqv nfsK

nf[f{ jvfv ubA shv rt. zfïfr kfzftf kfv vf²Àfq ˆj dIdvñfsj hdnsq dlstb, dkdb kfv zsi[f jvsk Kfjstb. pJb sn kf]v jfsY

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 60

si]ZYt, kJb dkdb kfsj htstb, `kcdm sjfKfq pf¤Y?' sn htt, `ˆ stfjftsq zfmfv ˆj Hfƒ zfsY, zfdm kfv jfsY pfd¤Y.' dIdvñf dusÎn jvstb, `skfmfv iadk dj kfv sjfb zbcoar vsqsY, pfv dhdbmq slWqfv ubA kcdm pf¤Y?' sn htt, `bf, zfdm kfv dbje sjhtmfÛ ˆƒ ubA pfd¤Y sp, zfdm kfsj zfïfrv Wqfs²À Hfstfhfdn.' dIdvñf htstb, `(kfrst swfsbf) zfdm skfmfv dbje zfïfrv lCk drnfsh (ˆ jKf ufbfhfv ubA) ˆsndY sp, zfïfr kfzftf skfmfsj Hfstfhfsnb; spmb kcdm kfsj zfïfrv ubA Hfstfhfn.« (mcndtm 6714bQ)

vfnCt �-ˆv dbje zrD zfnk jDHfsh? ˆjlf mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) vfnCtcïfr �-sj duÎfnf

jvstb, `zfibfv dbje jDHfsh zrD zfsn?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªjJsbf Od¦ev wsèv mskf zfsn. zfv snef zfmfv ubA hV jdEb rq. zk}iv snƒ zh²¿f lCv rq zfv zfdm kf ±mxdk²¿ jsv dbƒ, pf dIdvwXkf hstb. jJsbf dIdvwXkf icv¢sNv shsw ˆsn zfmfv nfsK jKf hstb. kJb dkdb pf hstb, zfdm kf ±mxdk²¿ jsv dbƒ. (hcJfvD 2bQ)

duhvDt � jJsbf mrfbhD �-ˆv dbje dIdvwXkf shsw …id²¿k rskb. zfv ˆ zh²¿f kfv …iv hV jdEb rskf.

jJsbf dkdb mfbcsNv shsw …id²¿k rskb. zfv snef mrfbhD �-ˆv ubA rfîf rskf.

mrfbhD � duhvDt �-sj k]fv nxdóok zfjxdksk lcƒhfv lwGb jsvsYb.

iaKmhfv } bhczk-iafdåv dkb hYv iv. mrfbhD � hstsYb, ªˆjlf zfdm iK ytdYtfm. ˆmkfh²¿fq zfdm zfjfw sKsj ˆjde zfWqfp ðdb. mfKf kcst slJskƒ snƒ dIdvwXkfsj slJsk sitfm, dpdb drvf Èrfq zfmfv dbje ˆsndYstb. zfdm zfkdËk rsq hfdV dIvtfm ˆhQ httfm, zfmfsj jfiV Tfjf lfW.« (hcJfvD 4bQ)

däkDqhfv } dm'vfsuv vfsÛ dnlvfkct mcbXkfrfv jfsY. …ÙÁ lcƒ lwGsbv jKf mrfb zfïfr jcvzfsb …sïJ jsvsYb,

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 61

}��9%7X��5�$4�9��5/9א�V�9�)٥�(��9%96B��:Y�Q�F�4!٦(ذ5و��(��:�B�:א��Gf7Y7��4 �9%5�9و)د9�9��)�٧�F+5���V�9�96:Y)٨�(��9�Bد:"� Bو:"� G#B 9�B%:O� 9��:O� �":وB(��9)�٩(Y:;:�ن9 �9!� 4�4�B�9���:�G'��9)Bو:|:Y)١٠�(��9!

��:"9�9��9א9C7L�אد9!�5��U:8)١١�(9��5/95و���9�56:Y:"��9�9$��9!��:�)١٢�(��9�BZ7"�j:�BI9��5�29��B�:X:�9١٣(و�(� �9,96BA5��א� 4�9�B�4�� 9�BA4�)١٤� (� ��א9��|و9 7jFA9q� �9�9�BA4�)١٥� (��9�B�9$� �9!� :�9�B�Eא��� �9�B�9$� BذG'

)١٦�(�9�:N��9!99��ز9אغ�9א�5�9�9��و!{)�١٧(+iAא��� �ªkfsj dw[f lfb jsv yvm wdÙÁwftD, (dIdvñf duhaf„t). iaÎfn©iâ,

sn (duhaf„t dbu zfjxdksk) d²¿v rsqdYt, kJb sn †L¶Gdlos§À. zk}iv sn kfv (vnCt)ˆv dbjehkDG rt, zdk dbjehkDG. Ist kfslv msLA lcƒ Lbcsjv hAhLfb vƒt zKhf kfvW jm. kJb zfïfr kf]v lfsnv iadk pf zrD jvfv kf zrD jvstb. pf sn slsJsY, kfv r™lq kf zöDjfv jsvdb. sn pf slsJsY, skfmvf dj sn dhNsq kfv nsÌ dhkjG jvsh? dbÇyqƒ sn kfsj zfsvjhfv slsJdYt. dnlvfkct mcbkfrfv dbje. pfv dbje zhd²¿k (ufâfkct mf'Wqf) hfsnflAfb. pJb (hlvD) hx[desj, pf zf¤Yfdlk jvfv dYt kf zf¤Yfdlk jvt, kfv lxdó dhëm rqdb, lxdó t[AycAkW rqdb.« (bfuXm } 5-17)

duhvDt �-ˆv lfdqk¶ sjht zrD si]ZYfsbfƒ dYt bf duhvDt �-ˆv lfdqk¶ sjht mrfb zfïfrv dbje sKsj zrD

si]ZYfsbfƒ dYt bf. hvQ dkdb zbA jfsuv ubAW ixdKhDv hcsj zhkvB jvskb.

dkdb jcvzfb icbvfhxdÙv ubA zhkvB jvskb } ƒhsb zfêfn � rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, `vfnCtcïfr � nm²À stfsjv

sysq zdLj lfbwDt dYstb. zfv mfsr vmpfsb pJb duhaf„t kf]v nsÌ nf[f{ jvskb, kJb dkdb zfsvf shwD hlfbAkf ialwGb jvskb. duhaf„t mfsr vmpfsbv iaskAj vubDsk kf]v nsÌ nf[f{ jvskb ˆhQ kf]v jfsY jcvzfb icbvfhxdÙ jvskb. vfnCtcïfr � duhaf„stv nsÌ nf[f{jfst zhwAƒ jtAfBhr mcÙÁ hfqc zsi[f zdLj lfbwDt dYstb.' (hcJfvD 6, mcndtm 6149bQ)

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 62

dkdb bfmfp dwJfsbf W kfv nmq ufbfsbfv ubA zhkvB jsvsYb } bhD � hstb,�ªjf'hfoxsrv dbje duhvDt (zf}) zfmfv lc'hfv

ƒmfmdk jsvb; iaKmhfsv dkdb zfmfsj dbsq spfrsvv bfmfp kJb iVstb, pJb nCpG Tst dosq kfv Yfqf ucskfv dIskv mk (nfmfbA) rsqdYt. zk}iv dkdb zfmfsj dbsq zfnsvv bfmfp iVstb pJb iaskAj h²Âv Yfqf kfv nmidvmfB rsqdYt. zk}iv zfmfsj dbsq mfosvshv bfmfp iVstb kJb, pJb svfpflfv ƒIkfv jsv sIstdYt. (zKGf{ nCpGfs²Àv nfsK nfsK.) zk}iv ˆwfv bfmfp kJb iVstb, pJb (nCpGfs²Àv iv idÇym zfjfswv z²Àvfo) tft zfHf zlxwA rsq dosqdYt. zfv zfmfsj dbsq Iusvv bfmfp kJb iVstb, pJb svfpflfsvv ubA ifbfrfv rfvfm rsq dosqdYt.

däkDq dlsb dkdb zfmfsj dbsq spfrsvv bfmfp kJb iVstb pJb iaskAj h²Âv Yfqf kfv nmidvmfB rsqdYt. zfnsvv bfmfsp zfmfv�ƒmfmdk kJb jvstb, pJb iaskAj h²Âv Yfqf kfv däÈB rsqdYt. zk}iv zfmfsj dbsq mfosvshv bfmfp kJb iVstb, pJb svfpflfv ƒIkfv jsv sIstdYt. zk}iv vfskv ˆj kxkDqfQw ok rst dkdb ˆwfv bfmfp iVstb. zfv zfmfsj dbsq Iusvv bfmfp kJb iVstb, pJb (sHfv) InGf rsq dosqdYt. zk}iv dkdb zfmfv iadk t[A jsv htstb, `sr mcrf©mfl! ˆ rt zfibfv iCshG njt bhDosBv zÙÁ.�zfv�ˆƒ lcƒ zsÙÁv mLAhkGD zÙÁƒ rt bfmfspv zÙÁ.' (zfhC lf†l, dkvdmpD, dmwjfk 583bQ)

dkdb mrfbhD �-sj UfVI]cj jvfv ubA zhkvB jsvsYb } zfhC nf„l � hstb, duhvDt bhD �-ˆv dbje ˆsn htstb, `sr

mcrf©mfl! zfidb dj znc²¿?' dkdb htstb, `r]Af.' duhvDt htstb, 4LB�9$�5/Vא���Q�4��9)�G#B 9��Bو:"��L9��E@78�E�9��B#4!�:K$4ذBC5$�Q�B�9��E@78�B#4!�:K 4OB�:"�4/Vא���G+B��4 �:K

:K 4OB�:"�4/Vא���G+B��4 .� �ªzfdm skfmfsj zfïfrv bfm dbsq iaskAj jólfqj h²Â sKsj ˆhQ

iaskAj zfk¹f zKhf hlbusvv zdbó sKsj mcdÙÁ sisk UfVdY. zfïfr

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 63

skfmfsj zfsvfoA lfb jv¢b. zfïfrv bfm dbsq skfmfsj UfVdY.« (mcndtm 5829, dkvdmpD 972bQ)

k]fv zbAfbA jmG } dkdb vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv nfsK sKsj ƒnvf W dm'vfsu sosYb, hlv W

J¦lj pcsÝ wvDj rsq jfsIvslv dhv¢sÝ pcÝ jsvsYb. dIdvwXkf bhD-vnCt rsq siadvk rstb bf sjb? mrfb iadkiftj mfbcNsj k]fv ƒhflk dw[f slWqfv ubA mfbcNƒ

ifdEsqsYb, sjfb dIdvwXkf ifEfbdb. spsrkc mfbcsNv iajxdkv nfsK dIdvwXkfv iajxdkv dmt sbƒ. dIdvwXkfv nfsK zflfb-ialfb ƒkAfdl nru bq. ˆƒ ubA duhvDt dbsuv zfnt v™si ˆst dkdb jó siskb, Hq siskb.

nckvfQ iajxdk dHâ dHâ, iahxdÙW ixKj ixKj, kfƒ nxdójkGf mfbcNsjƒ öufdk mfbcsNv iadk bhDv™si siavB jsvsYb. ixdKhDv hfdn¦lf pdl dIdvwXkf rskb, kfrst dIdvwXkfsj bhD hfdbsq ifEfsbf rskf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

!�9 9A9!��9א�FA�س�9":ن�%5A4!BC5$א�'Gذ9q�B����5+5א�,9�5��'�VSG":ن�O:��%7א�": �9�9�9א��</�5 �9�9[א���S%5�Fو9{)٩٤�(��;:�9!���9�F�9#א��E!�+G,B :�9���9A�FI9A:��9�EA4�9�~5!�95%ن�B�9$��j:;4<=9!�GضB�8�B%V��@7O:�ن�o4Y�9א�:

S%5�F��א��%���א���)��٩٥(} �zKGf{, pJb mfbcsNv dbje iK-dbslGw ˆt kJb kfslvsj dhw¶fn

²¿fib rsk ˆƒ …dÙÁƒ dhvk vfJt sp, `‚ïfr dj ˆjub mfbcNsj vnCt j'sv ifdEsqsYb?' ht, `dIdvñfvf pdl dbdÇyk rsq ixdKhDsk dhyvB jvk, kfrst zhwAƒ ‚dm ‚jfw rsk dIdvñfsjƒ kfslv dbje vnCt j'sv ifEfkfm. (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 94-95)

pdl Lsv sbWqf pfq sp, mrfb zfïfr nmoa mfbh ufdkv ubA dIdvwXkfsjƒ bhDv™si ifEfskb, kfrstW dkdb k]fsj dIdvwXkfv™si bf ifdEsq mfbcsNv v™si ifEfskb. pfsk mfbcsNv dw[f oarB ƒkAfdl nru rskf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 64

}�4/B ��:%GI�7"�SBل�9��9: و�B%:�9)�٨(!��K:�9و�9o4{7XV���;:�9!��9A�9I�:"�B%:�9א�!�A5$�:S�F+5��5�B:�5ون�9وO9:��%7א F!�+G,B��$5�4��9%ن9:9����9AB�9�:�:�95��وq9��5��9A�9�9iV���;:�9!�5��9A�9�9q{)א����م)��٩���%�� �

zKGf{, kfvf hst, `kfv dbje sjfb dIdvñf zhkDBG jvfg rq bf sjb?' zfdm pdl sjfb dIdvñf zhkDBG jvkfm, kfrst kfslv jsmGv yCVf§À mDmfQnf skf rsqƒ spk. zk}iv kfslvsj sjfb zhjfw slWqf rk bf. pdl kfsj dIdvñf jvkfm, ksh kfsj mfbcsNv zfjxdkskƒ siavB jvkfm. zfv kfslvsj snv™i dhësmƒ sItkfm, spv™i dhësm kfvf ˆJb vsqsY. (‚bX‚m } 8-9)

zhwA sn dYt mfbcsNv dbYj ˆjef lfhD. bhD zöDjfv jsv diYt jfefv jCe hcdÝ. iv§Â ‰ jfsIvvf pdl dIdvwXkf slJskW sik zKhf dIdvwXkf vnCt rsq kfslv dbje zfomb jvskb, kfrstW kfvf „mfb zfbk bf. sn jKf z§ÀpGfmD nxdójkGfƒ hstsYb,

G,B+�5א9��{:�G'��9A�FI9���9AF�:"�B%:�9و��F!��5�7O�Q�Bo9��F@78�B+G,B :�9���9�B�9�9)9��9و-B%9���5+5,9א�V�:89و�:j:;4<=���א����م)��١١١(}8:��%5א��4 %5A4!BC5א�'�VSG":ن�9�9$���א��</�5وBi9$�B+5�9�9�8:"�F#4;:�9,7�9%ن9%�� �

ªzfdm pdl kfslv dbje dIdvñf siavB jvkfm ˆhQ mxskvf kfslv nfsK jKf htk ˆhQ njt h²Âsj kfslv n©mcsJ rfduv jvkfm khcW zfïfrv ƒ¤Yf hAkDk kfvf dhÇhfn jvk bf. dj§Â kfslv zdLjfQwƒ zÎ.« (‚bX‚m } 111)

dIdvwXkfv zbAkm jkGhA } mfbcsNv msb n{jfspGv iaqfn nxdó jvf

mrfb nxdójkGf iaskAj mfbcsNv nfsK lcde nfKD dbsqfo jsv svsJsYb. zfvhDsk kfsj `j¶fvDb' htf rq. ˆjde dIdvwXkf ˆhQ zivde du¶b. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

»4j:;4<:�9���5/5!�9#4אA$G�:O9و�E#4i��5/5!�9#4אA$G�:O�4/4 �9@�85و�B�:O9و�VSG'�Q�9):"�B#4!�B+7;BA4!��9!�«.� �ªskfmfslv msLA ˆmb sj… sbƒ, pfv nfsK kfv nÌD du¶b W nÌD

dIdvwXkf dbpcÙÁ sbƒ.« stfsjvf htt, `zfv zfibfv nfsKW dj zfsY, sr zfïfrv vnCt!' dkdb htstb, ªzfmfv nfsKW zfsY. ksh zfïfr kfv (du¶b nÌDv) dhv¢sÝ zfmfsj nfrfpA jsvb hst zfdm dbvfisl Kfdj.

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 65

nckvfQ zfmfsj sn mÌt YfVf zbA djYcv zfslw dlsk ifsv bf.« (mcndtm 7286-7287bQ)

zfv ˆ dIdvwXkf rstb `djvfmfb jfskhDb' zfmt dtdihÝjfvD dIdvwXkf hAkDk zbA ˆjub. spsrkc ˆƒ dIdvwXkf hf¦lfsj n{iK dbslGwbfv ubA dbsqfduk.

mfbcsNv msbv dHksv ˆƒ lcƒ nÌDv iv±iv-dhsvfLD ä¦ä yst. dIdvwXkf nÌD Hfstfv dlsj iK slJfb W Hfstf jfsu …{nfdrk W zbciafdBk jsvb. i[f§Àsv du¶b nÌD (wqkfb) ms¦lv dlsj iK hfktfq W m¦l jfsu iastfdHk W iasvfdyk jsv.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, ªzflm-n§Àfsbv mfsU wqkfsbv ±iwG zfsY ˆhQ dIdvwXkfvW ±iwG zfsY. wqkfsbv ±iwG rt, ms¦lv iadkwa¢dk slWqf W nkAsj dmKAfÎfb jvf. zfv dIdvwXkfv ±iwG rt, Hfstfv iadkwa¢dk slWqf W nkAsj nkAÎfb jvf. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ dIdvwXkfv ±iwG zbcHh jvsh, sn spb shfsU sp, kf zfïfrv i[ sKsj ˆhQ sn spb k]fv iawQnf jsv. zfv sp hAdÙÁ zbAdev ±iwG zbcHh jvsh, sn spb zfïfrv jfsY dhkfdVk wqkfb sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf jsv.«

zk}iv mrfbhD � ˆƒ zfqfk ifE jvstb, �و9א��</�5{ �B{:Y9و� 5/BAE!� �9�4LB�F!� +785�4�9$� �و9א��</5 ��9�B0:L��4 � �و9$9|!785�5+ 9�X:L�א� 5+785�4�9$� B~:�ن5Fא��

p+ 4�9��p 4�٢٦٨(}و9א��(��Xא�����%�� �zKGf{, wqkfb skfmfslvsj lfdvslaAv Hq slJfq ˆhQ uObA

jfsu …{nfr slq, i[f§Àsv zfïfr skfmfslvsj kf]v [mf W zbcoasrv iadkwa¢dk ialfb jsvb. zfïfr dhict lfkf, nhGÎ. (hfj¶fvfr } 268)

(dkvdmpD, bfnf„, ƒhsb drêfb iamcJ, nrDr mfWqfdvlcp pfmzfb 38bQ)

dIdvwXkfv zbAkm jkGhA } mfbcsNv zfmt dtdihÝ jvf iaskAj mfbcsNv nfsK lc'ub dIdvwXkf dbpcÙÁ zfsYb, k]fslv jfu rt

zflm-n§Àfsbv Hfstf-m¦l jmG dtdihÝ jvf. mrfb zfïfr k]fslv hAfifsvƒ hstsYb,

}�9�4�4Y�90:��B+7;B :�9��FنG'9١١(9�48א![��8:�-�9�4�4)�١٠(و�(7�9%ن9�L9-��9!�95%ن�:�B�9${)�١٢�(� �

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 66

ªzhwAƒ skfmfslv …iv (dbpcÙÁ zfsY) nQv[joB; n©mfdbk (zfmt) stJjhoG (dIdvñf); kfvf ufsb, pf skfmvf j'sv Kfj.« (ƒbdIk¶fv } 10-12)

}9���:���F�:"�95�9%ن�B09$�B9;5�56%ن9":م$�B+G,B$9�:���9A7�5�5��)��٨٠(}��B+5�F�4��5 9�Bو9%Bi9�9א�5+� �9:��و9 �Wvf dj msb jsv sp, zfdm Wslv sofib dhNq W sofib ivfmswGv Jhv

vfdJ bf? zhwAƒ (vfdJ). zfmfv lCkoB skf Wslv jfsY sKsj nh dtdihÝ jsv. (pcJv¢I } 80)

�و9{ �א�*9��G�ن9 �9AX:�9Z� B�:X:�9و�G@B�9)� B#4!� 4/B :�G'� 5�9�O:"� 5#B09�9و� 5/5�L9�� 4/4 � �-G%B�9%5س5 �9!� 5+:�B�9��4�$G�4 ��p)�١٦(א9%��:O�G9�ل�Eא���G#9�9و�G�4�9 9�ن�G#9��Gא��X:�965��א��VX:�969$�BذG')ل�)�١٧B%:O�#4!�7¤4L�9$��9!

p� 469��p� 4O9��4/B$9�:���V�G'{)ق)��١٨���%�� �ªzhwAƒ zfdm mfbcNsj nxdó jsvdY ˆhQ kfv mb kfsj sp jcm§ÃBf

slq, kf zfdm ufdb. zfdm kfv OfsV zhd²¿k LmbD zsi[fW dbjekv. pJb lcƒ nQoafrj (dIdvñf kfv jmG) nQoar (dtdihÝ) jsv (pfvf kfv) Ffƒsb W hfsm hsn zfsY. mfbcN sp jKfƒ …¤yfvB jsv (kf dtdihÝ jvfv ubA) k{iv iarvD kfv dbjseƒ vsqsY.« (j¶fI } 16-18)

±iók} hf¦lfv zfmt stJfq dbsqfduk dIdvwXkf kfv nh djYcƒ dtsJ Kfsjb. jKf W jfsuv djYcƒ hfl slb bf. ˆƒ ubA hf¦lf jft djqfmsk sYfe-hV nh djYcƒ slJsk ifsh, …id²¿k ifsh. zivfLDvf dbsuslv zfmtbfmf rfsk sisq HDk-n§Ã²À rsq htsh,

}��9!� �و9و5�9q9وא �9��9�B):"� �V�G'� �9J4�:8� �و�9:� �9J4�91� 5��$9�5�د4 �:�� 4��א�;964� ��9U9א G9�ل!� �9A96:�B$9و� �9$���א�;,d)��٤٩(}�%7�4�9א�(�4W�9[א�و�9:���5+4��9$�KP 9:�":(�9[א%�� �

`rfq lcsHGfo ‚mfslv! ˆ sjmb oa§¿! ˆ skf sYfe-hV djYcƒ hfl slqdb; hvQ ˆ nm²À drnfh svsJsY!' kfvf kfslv jxkjmG n©mcsJ …id²¿k ifsh; zfv skfmfv iadkiftj jfsvf iadk pctcm jvshb bf . (jfrI } 49)

dIdvwXkfv mfLAsm dtdihÝ snƒ `djkfh' zbcpfqD djqfmsk dhyfv rsh iaskAj hf¦lfv. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 67

}5-�QjF!7"�P@78�j9 4��9q�QjF!7"�F@78����G'��9�B:��9648� 9,4��א� B%9م9IBi5-�9وBن7�9�B�9-�B+56A78��9!�9%ن�9و9�9-9 7�9�B�9-�B+56A78��9!�5¥4�A96B�9���FA78��F�G'�Ef90��4 �+7;B%ن9)�٢٨(:�9��5f4~A9$��9A5 �96489א�U9�{)�٢٩(� �

ªiaskAj n©ialfqsj slJsh Hsq bkufbc zh²¿fq, iaskAj n©ialfqsj kfv zfmtbfmf slJsk zfrhfb jvf rsh ˆhQ htf rsh, skfmvf pf jvsk, zfu skfmfslvsj kfvƒ iadkIt slWqf rsh. zfmfv (dbje nQvd[k) ˆ zfmtbfmf, pf skfmfslv hAfifsv nkA jKf htsh. skfmvf pf jvsk, dbÇyq zfdm kf dtdihÝ jvfkfm.« (ufdNqfr } 28-29)

ˆjlf rfnfb hfnvD (v}) ˆƒ zfqfk ifE jvstb, }G'�p� 4�:O�G9�ل�Eא���G#9�9و�G�4�9 9�ن�G#9��Gא��X:�965��א��VX:�969$�B�4)�١٧(ذ/B$9�:���V�G'ل�B%:O�#4!�7¤4L�9$��9!

p� 469��p� 4O9����ق)��١٨(}%�� �ªpJb lcƒ nQoafrj (dIdvñf kfv jmG) nQoar (dtdihÝ) jsv (pfvf

kfv) Ffƒsb W hfsm hsn zfsY. mfbcN sp jKfƒ …¤yfvB jsv (kf dtdihÝ jvfv ubA) k{iv iarvD kfv dbjseƒ vsqsY.« (j¶fI } 17-18)

zk}iv dkdb (kfv hAfJAfq) htstb, `sr zflm-n§Àfb! skfmfv ubA Jfkf sJftf rsqsY. skfmfv ubA dbpcÙÁ jvf rsqsY lc'ub n©mfdbk dIdvwXkf. ˆjub Ffsb, zivub hfsm. skfmfv Ffsb dpdb Kfsjb, dkdb n{jmG nQv[B jsvb. zfv skfmfv hfsm dpdb Kfsjb, dkdb m¦l jmG nQv[B jsvb. nckvfQ kcdm ƒ¤Yfmskf zfmt jv. jm jv zKhf shdw jv. idvswsN kcdm mfvf sost skfmfv Jfkf Èdesq slWqf rsh. zk}iv kf skfmfv olGfsb Ucdtsq dlsq jhsv vfJf rsh. nhswsN kf djqfmsk `djkfh' zfjfsv iajfw jvf rsh. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

%5�[א�{�A9!� 5��:X�9$� �] �9648�4j9!�9 4X�א� �B%9$م9 5/:�� ��4/4X5A5��o4YوG�Bw5�9ج5 5�9�4<£:N�5��9AB!9I�:"� �'9��G�ن F@789و)١٣�(4�L9A4 ��:L:8�:K9 �96:8�"9�Oא�]� 4�9)�:KB ���א���א�)��١٤(}K:�א� B%9م�9��9:%�� �

ªiaskAj mfbcsNv jxkjmG ‚dm kfv oaDhfto jsvdY ˆhQ djqfmskv dlb ‚dm kfv ubA shv jvh ˆj djkfh, pf sn …b¹cÙÁ ifsh. (kfsj htf rsh,) `kcdm skfmfv djkfh (‚mtbfmf) ifE jv; ‚u kcdm dbsuƒ skfmfv drnfh-dbjfswv ubA psKó.' (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 13-14)

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 68

zfïfrv jnm! dkdb skfmfv hAfifsv bAfqivfqB, dpdb skfmfsj dbsuv drnfh dbsuƒ jvsk hstsYb. (kInDv ƒhsb jfNDv)

}p� 469��p� 4O9��4/B$9�:���V�G'ل�B%:O�#4!�7¤4L�9$��9!{)ق)��١٨���%�� �ªmfbcN sp jKfƒ …¤yfvB jsv (kf dtdihÝ jvfv ubA) k{iv iarvD

kfv dbjseƒ vsqsY.« (j¶fI } 17-18) …ÙÁ zfqfskv hAfJAfq ƒhsb zfêfn � hstsYb, `hf¦lf Hfstf-m¦l

sp jKfƒ htcj bf sjb, kf stJf rq. ˆmbdj kfv jKf, `sJsqdY, ifb jsvdY, sodY, ˆsndY, slsJdY' ˆ nhW dtdihÝ rq. zk}iv pJb hxr±idkhfv zfsn, kJb kfv jKf W jmG zfïfrv lvhfsv siw jvf rq. nckvfQ kfv msLA Hfstf W m¦l (jKf W jfu) zidvhdkGk vfJf rq ˆhQ hfjD nm²À dbdÇyrÁ jsv slWqf rq. ˆ jKf mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}4����א����)��٣٩(}�%50B�9$א��</�5!9��$9�9���و�5k4�B�5$9و�5�9�A4�9"7م�Pא�;964�%�� �ª(kfv mLA rsk) zfïfr pf ƒ¤Yf kf mcsY slb ˆhQ pf ƒ¤Yf kf hrft

vfsJb. zfv kf]v dbje vsqsY mCt oa§¿.« (vf'l } 39) ƒmfm zfrmfl dhb rfìt znc²¿ rst jsó zfrfufdv jvdYstb.

zk}iv dkdb ufbsk ifvstb, k¶f†n hstsYb, `dIdvwXkf nh djYcƒ dtsJb; ˆmbdj zfrfufdv ipG§ÀW.' nckvfQ zfrmfl (vfdrmfùïfr) mxkcA ipG§À zfv zfrfufdv jsvbdb. (kInDv ƒhsb jfNDv)

Ffsbv dIdvwXkf icBA W hfsmv dIdvwXkf ifi dtdihÝ jsvb }

Ffsbv dIdvwXkf n{wDstv n{ jfsuv dbqk rWqf mfÛ dtsJ sIstb. dj§Â hfsmv dIdvwXkf ifiDv ifsiv nQj¬i rWqf mfÛ dtsJb bf. ðLc kf-ƒ bq, hvQ mrfb zfïfr hf¦lfv iadk ˆk hV smsrvhfb sp, sofbfrofv hf¦lfsj zfsvf zhjfw slb. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

):�� G9�ل�Eא��� 9�4)�91� FنG'�Bو:"� G 4~Bw5��א� G+4�B�5��א� 4�B�9��א� G#9�� Qz�9��9�� Fk4�� 9+:�:X�א� 5 :YB�9 �).אo4�5���G*:Y�4ن4�9��Bم�9و9א�LB�96B:��9א��X�:"��9,BA4!�9/V:��9��،�و�Bk9�4678��V�G'9و9א(9�4� �

ªdbÇyq hfsmv dIdvwXkf ifiD hf zivfLD mcndtsmv …iv sKsj Yq O¦ef jtm kcst vfsJb. zk}iv sn pdl ifsi zbckå rsq zfïfrv

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 69

jfsY [mfiafKGD rq, kfrst kf …si[f jsvb. bsy{ ˆjde ifi stJf rq.« (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 7765, n} ufsm' 2097, dn} nrDrfr 1209bQ)

r]Af, ‰ lcƒ dIdvwXkfsj mfbcsNv msbv zh²¿f ufbfv [mkfW slWqf rsqsY. kfƒ k]fvf msbv nQj¬i W jKfW dtdihÝ jsv Kfsjb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�)��١٢(}�B�9$:�5%ن7�9�L9-��9!�9%ن9{�~Lא�����%�� �ªkfvf ufsb, pf skfmvf jv.« (ƒbdIk¶fv } 12) zfv ˆƒ ufbfsk hfdrAj jmG ˆhQ r™lsqv jmGW wfdmt. vfnCtcïfr �

hstsYb, �»BنG*:Y�4/B :�9���9�%5�56;9-�:�:Y�Qj9�E 9�4 ��4�B�9��F+9ذ9א��G'�F@9q9و�FI9��5/Vل�9א���:O��9�%5�568�:Y��9,:�4�9��

9 �j9�EوG'9ذ9א��G*:Y�j9A9�9)��9�%5�568�:Y��9,�9�B�9$�B+:�:Y�Qj9A9�904 �F+9ن�B�9���9�%5�568�:Y��9,:�4�9��B[א��«.� �ªmrfb zfïfr (djvfmfb jfskhDbsj) hstsYb, `zfmfv hf¦lf pJb

sjfb ifi jvfv nQj¬i jsv, kJb kf kfv zfmtbfmfq dtdihÝ jsvf bf. zk}iv sn pdl kf jfsu idvBk jsv sIst, kfrst kf ˆjde ifi dtdihÝ jv. zfv pJb sjfb icBA jvfv nQj¬i jsv ˆhQ kf jfsu idvBk jsv bf, kJb kf ˆjde icBA dtdihÝ jv. zk}iv sn pdl kf jfsu idvBk jsv, kfrst kf lwde icBA dtdihÝ jv.« (mcndtm 349bQ)

msbv ƒ¤Yf W nQjs¬iv jKf susb dIdvwXkf kf dtdihÝ jvfv zbcmdk yfb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»�j9�E 9��9@9�B�9$�B�5":ن�$G�5$�:t5�B�9��:tذ9א�E�9��7j:;4<:�9���4אk:��:O�−�4/4 �5�9�B :"�9%5�9ل�9−�و�:X:Y��9,4�B�4�4 �5/:���9�%5�568�:Y��9,:�4�9��BنG*:Y�5�%5�7OB��'9�F�G��-89�9:,9��−وG'9ن�j9A9�9)�5/:���9�%5�568�:Y��9,:89�9-�B.�א

�9��.»!F�9q�B#4א �ªdIdvwXkf hstb, `sr iaHc! skfmfv ˆ hf¦lf ˆjde ifi jvfv ƒ¤Yf

jvsY.' zfv dkdb sn hAfifsv shdw Îfb vfsJb. dkdb hstb, `Wv iadk t[A vfsJf, zk]iv sn pdl kf jsv hsn, kfrst kf zbcv™i (ˆjde ifi) dtdihÝ jv. zfv pdl kAfo jsv, kfrst kf kfv ubA ˆjde icBA dtdihÝ jv. jfvB sn zfmfv ubAƒ kAfo jsvsY.« (mcndtm 352bQ)

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 70

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªzfïfr zfpXpf zufï (dIdvñfv …sÜswA) hstb, `zfmfv hf¦lf pJb sjfb zn{ jmG jvfv ƒ¤Yf jsv kJb kf jsmG idvBk bf jvf ipG§À kfv zfmt-bfmfq (ifiv™si) dtdihÝ jsvf bf. pdl sn jfsu idvBk jsv, kfrst kfv zfmt-bfmfq zbcv™i dtdihÝ jsvf. zfv zfmfv Hsq pdl sn kf kAfo jsv Kfsj, kfrst kfv ubA ˆjde icBA dtdihÝ jsvf. pdl sn sjfb n{jmG jvfv ƒ¤Yf jsv ˆhQ kf jfsu idvBk bf jsv, khcW kfv zfmtbfmfq ˆjde icBA dtdihÝ jsvf. zfv pdl kf jfsu idvBk jsv, ksh kfv ubA lw sKsj nfkwk icBA dtdihÝ jsvf!« (hcJfvD 7501, mcndtm 128bQ)

zfmvf ufdb, ofqhD Jhv ˆjmfÛ mrfb zfïfrƒ ufsbb ˆhQ dkdbƒ ˆjmfÛ z§ÀpGfmD.

}5� �G#5و�o4LBw5-��9!9א��5�PوB�:|�א�:j9A4<�9Z�5+:�B�9${)�١٩�(�Y�M���%�� �ªy[cv syfvf yfrdb W z§Àv pf sofib jsv, sn nìsá dkdb zhdrk.«

(mc'dmb } 19) dj§Â dkdb djvfmfb jfskhDbsj hf¦lfv ifi-icsBAv ƒ¤Yf ufbfv [mkf

dlsqsYb, kf dtdihÝ jvf ubA. ˆ YfVf hf¦lfv zfjDlf-dhw¶fn k]fvf ufsbb bf.

n{jsmGv dlsj mfbcNsj dIdvwXkfv zfrhfb dIdvwXkf zlxwAHfsh mfbcNsj n{ jfsu …äcÝ jsvb ˆhQ m¦l jfsu

hfLflfb jsvb. mrfbhD � hstsYb, 7X9%ل�5":(9�5�5�9�«�:Y�Gن:SGIBA9$�G�9:;:�ن!�VSG'�4/ 4Y�5�5א9�4���دu4�B�5$م�B%9$�B#4!��9!:��X4LBA5!�4�B�:"�F+5,Vא����L:�9Z�.5�9Z[7%ل�5אX9$9و:��L:�9-��;4�B�5!�4�B�:"�F+5,Vא���«.� �

ªiadkdlb njfst lc'ub dIdvñf zhkvB jsvb. kf]slv ˆjub hstb, `sr zfïfr! lfkfsj kfv lfsbv dhdbmq dlb.' zfv zivub hstb, `sr zfïfr! jxiBsj L¶Qn dlb.« (hcJfvD 1442, mcndtm 2383bQ)

vmpfb mfsn iaskAj vfsÛW k]fvf zfrhfb j'sv hst Kfsjb, ��9o4M��Gא����9o4M�9$9 ��B�4�O"�Eא°: �B@4�O"�G�Bو9�� 9$9(�FA�5!�9#4א���X965����).و �

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 71

`sr mÌtjfmD! kcdm zoanv rW. zfv sr m¦ljfmD! kcdm disY rsef ([f§À rW). zfïfrv ubA vsqsY slfpJ sKsj mcdÙÁiafå hAdÙÁhoG (n©Hhk} kcdmW kfslv ltHcÙÁ rsk ifv).'

ˆv™i zfrhfb iaskAj vfsÛƒ rsk Kfsj.« (dkvdmpD, ƒhsb mfufr, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr, hfƒrfjD, nrDr kfvoDh 984 bQ)

zflm-n§Àfbsj ivD[fq dIdvwXkf mrfb zfïfr sjfb sjfb mfbcNsj ivD[f jvfv ubA dIdvwXkf siavB

jsv Kfsjb. ˆ hAfifsv hfbD ƒnaf„stv Lht-jcô svfofÛÁf§À, sesjf W zásj

ivD[fv rflDn iCshG …dïdJk rsqsY. zbcv™iHfsh mfbcNsj ivD[fv ubA rfv™k-mfv™k dIdvwXkfsjW

ixdKhDv hcsj ifEfsbf rsqdYt. mfbcsNv ufb jhu jvfv jfsu dIdvwXkf mfbcsNv dbLGfdvk zfqc swN rsq sost dbdlGó dIdvwXkf kfv iafB rvB

jvsk zfsnb. snƒ dIdvwXkfsj `mftfjct mfWk' hf mxkcAv dIdvwXkf htf rq. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�5�9qB�5-�B+7;E 9%ن�7K:�F!�+78�VY9%969$�B@7O9א�4zB%9��א��T4UVو�85@�9 4{��:�G'�F+5��B+7;{)�١١�(��iא��� �zKGf{, ht, `(mftfjct mfWk) mxkcAv dIdvñf skfmfslv iafB rvB

jvsh, pfsj skfmfslv ubA dbpcÙÁ jvf rsqsY. zhswsN skfmfslvsj skfmfslv iadkiftsjv dbje dIdvsq zfbf rsh.' (nfulfr } 11)

zhwA k]fv nfsK nrspfoD dIdvwXkfW Kfsjb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }�5/B6VY9%9-�5zB%9��":(�5+789�9א��9�qذ9א�G'�9�F69)�j:�:L9)�+7;B :�9��5@4�B�5$9ق9�4��9�د�4�4وB%:Y�5�4��:X�و�9%5�9א

5��5دPوא�'�G:��א��</SB%9!�4:��5+5אS:"�Ef90�:��:/�5א50�;)��٦١(�9A7�5��و7NE�:L5$�:S�B+5�9%ن9�F+5��59ع�B�:"�9%5�9�5و+���א����م)��٦٢(}א90���9�4�4%�� �

zKGf{, dkdbƒ öDq lfnosBv …iv ivfÛÁmwftD ˆhQ dkdbƒ skfmfslv v[j siavB jsvb. zhswsN pJb skfmfslv jfsvf mxkcAjft …id²¿k rq, kJb zfmfv siadvk lCkoB kfv mxkcA Oefq ˆhQ (jkGshA) kfvf

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 72

Û¢de jsv bf. zk}iv kfslv zfnt iaHcv dlsj kfvf zfbDk rq. susb vfJ, Ifqnftf skf kf]vƒ ˆhQ drnfh oarsB dkdbƒ nhGfsi[f k{iv. (‚bX‚m } 61-62)

k]fvf jfsIv W zivfLDslv iafB jdEbHfsh sufviChGj dYdbsq sbb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

9�9��'Gذ�4א��V��5�4%نM�o4Y�9:�9��9א�4zא�4zB%�9��و9א9��=���������{-�B%:�9%�5א�����وqG�BZ:"�B+G,$4��B$:"�7 9���4~%7א�j�:;4<����������������B#�9��B+56�A789و�Ef90��9א�B :M�4/>7%�7%ن�9��9:��א��X9-�B+56A78��9�4 �G�9א�,5%ن�":�9�7L;�5+7א� B%9م9IBi5-�9وBن9U9��9א

���א����م)��٩٣(}96B�9-�4/4-�9$2;�5�4ون9%�� �zKGf{, sp zfïfr nìsá dmKAf vybf jsv djQhf hst, `zfmfv dbje

iakAfslw (zrD) rq', pdlW kfv iadk iakAfslw rq bf ˆhQ sp hst, `zfïfr pf zhkDBG jsvsYb, zfdmW Wv zbcv™i zhkDBG jvh', kfv sysq hV pfstm zfv sj? pdl kcdm slJsk sisk (kJbjfv zh²¿f), pJb (‰) pfstmvf mxkcA p§ÃBfq Kfjsh, zfv dIdvñfoB rfk hfdVsq htsh, `skfmfslv iafB shv jv. zfu skfmfslvsj zhmfbbfjv wfd²À lfb jvf rsh; jfvB skfmvf zfïfr nìsá zbAfq htsk W kf]v zfqfk oarsB ŠÝkA iajfw jvsk.' (‚bX‚m } 93)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, 9�9��'Gذ��VY9%969$�Bא�L:8�9#$4UV:�5وא�אG�B{�9$�7j�:;4<=9�� 5%ن�9و�B+5,9�%�5q5و9":������������{-�B%:�9%�7א����وOو9ذ5و�B+5�9���9 Bد

Gf$G�90��9א����א��L�ل)��٥٠(}�9U9א%�� �zKGf{, kcdm pdl slJsk kJbjfv zh²¿f pJb dIdvñfoB zdhÇhfnDslv

mcJmàst W ixôslsw zfOfk j'sv kfslv iafB rvB jvsY ˆhQ htsY, `skfmvf lrb p§ÃBf sHfo jv.' (‚bXIft } 50)

G'�9dBذ9א�-�B+5,B6VY9%9א�{:;:YB+5�9��9 Bو9":د�B+5,9�%5q55%ن�9و G�B{9$�7j:;4<�:�9�{)�٢٧�(��±���%�� �zKGf{, dIdvñfvf pJb kfslv mcJmàst W ixôslsw zfOfk j'sv

kfslv iafB rvB jvsh, kJb (kfslv lwf) sjmb rsh? (mcrf©mfl } 27) i[f§Àsv mc'dmbslv zfk¹f hV nrukfv nfsK bmaHfsh rvB jvf rq.

ˆƒ nmq dIdvwXkf kfslvsj zHq lfb jsvb W ncnQhfl swfbfb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 73

'Gن�Fא�O�9#$4UV:��%7א��9AP 9��א���F+5��5/Vא�X96B:�!%5א�-FI9A969ل�9��5: G,B+�5א%7Y��9w9-���V�:"�7j:;4<�:�9��א�و�9:������������������{ 9�������9)�٣٠(-%5�9IB09א�و5�4�B :"9وא� �4jFA9i��4א��B+56A78�o46V-5%�5�9ون����9B�P�9���4א��� 4 �o�4Y�B+785²��9א90��B�5":و#B0

4 ,5�F�9-��9!��9%ن9Y�B+7;:�9و�B+7;5�7L�:"�oG,96B�9-��9!��9, 4Y�B+7;:�9�4�9�4وZ£�א�o4Y9�٣١(}و�(k��Y���%�� �ªdbÇyq pfvf hst, `zfmfslv iadkiftj zfïfr' kfviv kfsk

zdhydtk Kfsj, kfslv dbje dIdvñf zhkDBG rq (ˆhQ hst), `skfmvf Hq sisqf bf, dyd§Àk rsqf bf ˆhQ skfmfslvsj sp ufâfskv iadkwa¢dk slWqf rsqdYt kfv ncnQhfl bfW. ƒrjfst zfmvf skfmfslv hác ˆhQ ivjfstW; snJfsb skfmfslv ubA nm²À djYc vsqsY pf skfmfslv mb yfq, pf skfmvf zfjf£[f jv.« (rf-mDm nfulfr } 30-31)

zKy jfsIvslvsj snƒ nmq lc}nQhfl W zfpfshv Jhv slWqf rq. ˆjlf bhD � nfrfhfslv ˆj hAdÙÁv ufbfpfq shv rsq jhv J]cVsk

slvD rd¤Yt hst snJfsb hsn sostb. k]fv zfsw-ifsw njt nfrfhfoBW dbÇyci, LDv W wf§ÀHfsh hsn sostb. kJb mrfbhD �-ˆv rfsk ˆjde jfsEv ecjvf dYt pfv äfvf dkdb (dyd§Àk hAdÙÁslv bAfq) mfdesk lfo jfedYstb. zk}iv dkdb mfKf …Efstb ˆhQ htstb, ªskfmvf zfïfrXv dbje jhsvv zfpfh rsk ifbfrX yfW.« dkdb ˆ jKf lcƒ dj dkbhfv htstb. kfviv htstb, mcdmb hf¦lf pJb lcdbqfsj kAfo jvsk ˆhQ zfsJvfskv dlsj zoanv rsk Kfsj, kJb kfv dbje zfnmfb rsk …϶t syrfvfdhdwó ˆjlt dIdvñf zfsnb; pfslv syrfvf spb nCpGöv™i. kfslv nfsK shsrwXskv jfIbnmCsrv ˆjde jfIb (jfiV) Kfsj ˆhQ shsrsñv sJfwhcnmCsrv ˆj vjm sJfwhc Kfsj. k]fvf kfv dbje rsk lxdó-nDmfv lCsv hsnb. zk}iv mftfjct m…k kfv dbjse zfsnb ˆhQ kfv mfKfv dbjse hsn hstb } `sr idhÛ v™r (zfk¹f)! shv rsq ˆn zfïfrv [mf W ns§ÀfsNv dlsj.'

kJb kfv v™r snƒ vjm (nrsu) shv rsq zfsn; sp vjm (nrsu) mwj rsk ifdb shv rsq zfsn. kJb mftfjct mfWk kf oarB jsvb ˆhQ ˆj mcrCskGv ubAW dbsuv rfsk vfsJb bf hvQ ‰ njt zsi[mfB dIdvñf ˆsn kf oarB jsvb ˆhQ ‰ jfIb W ‰ sJfwhcsk vfsJb. kJb

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 74

kf rsk ixdKhDsk iafå nm²À sJfwhc zsi[f …Ùm dmwXsjv sJfwhc shv rsk Kfsj.

kf dbsq dIdvñfoB …isv …Esk Kfsjb ˆhQ pJbƒ k]fvf dIdvñfslv msLA sjfb dIdvñflstv dbje si]ZsYb k]fvf duÎfnf jsvb, `ˆƒ idhÛ v™r (zfk¹f) jfv?' kJb k]fvf lcdbqfsk kfsj stfsjvf sp njt …ifdL äfvf HCdNk jvk, sn njstv msLA …Ùm …ifdL äfvf HCdNk j'sv hstb, `ˆef zmcsjv icÛ zmcsjv v™r.'

pk[B kfvf iaKm zfnmfb ipG§À si]ZsYb (ˆƒv™i iaswfÙv ytsk Kfsj.) zk}iv k]fvf zfnmfsbv lvuf Jctsk yfb, zfv zmdb k]fslv ubA lvuf Jcst slWqf rq. kJb iaskAj zfnmfsbv n©mfdbk dIdvñfoB k]fslv iÇyflXofmD rb kfv …isvv zfnmfb ipG§À. ˆHfsh k]fvf nåm zfnmfb ipG§À si]ZsYb. ˆ nmq zfïfr kf'zftf hstb, ªzfmfv hf¦lfv dEjfbf `ƒdïqADb'-ˆ dtJ ˆhQ kfsj (kfv jhsv) udmsb dIdvsq dbsq pfW. sjbbf, zfdm kfslvsj udmb rsk nxdó jsvdY ˆhQ udmsbv dlsjƒ kfslvsj iakAfhdkGk jvh. zk}iv udmb rsk zfdm kfslvsj icbvfq shv jvh (rfwsvv mfsE.)« nckvfQ kfv v™rX kfv wvDsv dIdvsq slWqf rq.

zk}iv kfv dbje lcƒub dIdvñf zfsnb ˆhQ kfsj …dEsq hnfb. kfviv k]fvf kfsj duÎfnf jsv, `skfmfv vh sj?' kJb …Ùsv sn hst, `zfmfv vh zfïfr.' zk}iv duÎfnf jsvb, `skfmfv äDb jD?' kJb sn hst, `zfmfv äDb rt ƒntfm.' zfhfv k]fvf kfsj duÎfnf jsvb, `skfmfslv mfsU dpdb siadvk rsqdYstb dkdb sj?' sn …Ùsv hst, `dkdb rstb zfïfrv vnCt.' icbvfq k]fvf kfsj duÎfnf jsvb, `kcdm kf dj j'sv ufbsk ifvst?' sn hst, `zfdm zfïfrv djkfh isVdYtfm. zk}iv k]fv iadk „mfb ˆsbdYtfm ˆhQ k]fsj nkAhflD hst dhÇhfn jsvdYtfm.' kJb zfnmfsbv dlj rsk ˆj wèjfvD wè jsvb, ªzfmfv hf¦lf nkA hstsY. nckvfQ kfv ubA shsrsñv ˆjde dhYfbf dhdYsq lfW ˆhQ kfsj shsrsñv ˆjde sthfn idvsq lfW. ˆ YfVf kfv ubA shsrsñv dlsj ˆjde lvuf Jcst lfW!«

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 75

kJb kfv iadk shsrsñv ncJ-wfd§À W shsrsñv sJfwhc zfnsk Kfsj ˆhQ kfv ubA kfv jhv lxdónDmf hvfhv iaw²À j'sv slWqf rq.

zk}iv kfv dbje ˆj nc¦lv syrfvfdhdwó ncshwD W ncodápcÙÁ hAdÙÁ zfsn ˆhQ kfsj hst, `skfmfsj n§Âó jvsh ˆmb dudbsnv ncnQhfl oarB jv. ˆƒ dlhsnvƒ skfmfsj Wqflf slWqf rsqdYt.' kJb sn kfsj duÎfnf jvsh, `kcdm sj? skfmfv syrfvf skf slJhfv mk syrfvf! kf spb jtAfsBv hfkGf hrb jsv.' kJb sn hst, `zfdm skfmfv sbj zfmt; pf kcdm lcdbqfsk jvsk.' kJb ˆ hst, `sr zfïfr! kfVfkfdV djqfmk jfsqm jv! pfsk zfdm zfmfv idvhfv W n©islv dlsj dIsv spsk ifdv. (zKGf{ ùv, dotmfb W shsrwXkD n©il kfVfkfdV sisk ifdv).'

dj§Â jfsIv hf¦lf, pJb sn lcdbqf kAfo jvsk W zfsJvfskv dlsj zoanv rsk Kfsj, kJb kfv dbje zfnmfb rsk ˆjlt jfstf syrfvfdhdwó dIdvñf zhkDBG rb. p]fslv nfsK wÙÁ ye Kfsj. k]fvf kfv dbje rsk lxdóv nDmfv lCsv hsnb. zk}iv mftfjct-mfWk zfsnb ˆhQ kfv mfKfv dbjse hsnb. zk}iv hstb, `sr JhDn v™rX (zfk¹f)! shv rsq zfq zfïfrv svfsNv dlsj.'

ˆ nmq v™rX Hsq kfv wvDsv ˆdlj-sndlj iftfsk Kfsj. kJb mftfjct mfWk kfsj ˆmbHfsh sesb shv jsvb, spmb stfrfv ovm wtfjf dHsu iwm rsk sesb shv jvf rq. (zfv kfsk iwm stso Kfsj.) kJb dkdb kf oarB jsvb. dj§Â pJb oarB jsvb mcrCkGjfstv ubAW dbsuv rfsk vfsJb bf. hvQ kf zsi[mfB dIdvñfoB kfVfkfdV snƒ zfk¹fsj lcoGámq yse udVsq sbb. kJb kf rsk ˆmb lcoGá shv rsk Kfsj, pf ixdKhDsk iafå nm²À odtk whslsrv lcoGá zsi[f shwD. kf dbsq k]fvf …Esk Kfsjb. dj§Â pJbƒ k]fvf kf dbsq dIdvñfslv sjfb lstv dbje si]ZsYb kf]vf duÎfnf jsvb, `ˆƒ JhDn v™rX jfv?' kJb k]fvf kfsj lcdbqfsk sp njt m¦l …ifdL äfvf HCdNk jvf rk kfv msLA nhGfsi[f m¦l bfmde äfvf HCdNk j'sv hstb, `zmcsjv icÛ zmcsjv.'

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 76

ˆƒHfsh kfsj iaKm zfnmfb ipG§À dbsq pfWqf rq. zk}iv kfv ubA zfnmfsbv lvuf Jcst dlsk yfWqf rq; dj§Â Jcst slWqf rq bf. ˆ nmq bhD � ˆv nmKGsb jcvzfsbv zfqfkde ifE jvstb,

}FنG'�4UV%5א�9#$א� FU:8��9A4-�9$£4 96;�5�9وא�B9��و9א�,BA9��:S�5uF6:L5-�B+5,:��5��7�5ZB�9$%ن�9وS9:�א���9�F��9%B :"א:jFA9i�א��F69)�9¬4�9$�5@9�9i�א�o4Y�E+9��49�ط 4w�א�:K4�9U:89و�TGIBi9��9�4!G�Bi5��א���א�)��٤٠(}א� �

zKGf{, zhwAƒ pfvf zfmfv dblwGbfhtDsj dmKAf hst ˆhQ zrQjfsv kf sKsj mcJ dIdvsq sbq, kfslv ubA zfjfswv äfv …¦mcÙÁ jvf rsh bf ˆhQ kfvf shsrsñW iashw jvsk ifvsh bf; pk[B bf nCsyv dYlaisK …e iashw jsv. ˆv™si zfdm zivfLDslvsj iadkIt dlsq Kfdj. (zf'vfI } 40)

kJb zfïfr kfzftf hstb, ªkfv dEjfbf `dnÏDb'-ˆ dtJ; udmsbv nhGdbm ²Àsv. nckvfQ kfv v™rsj udmsb Jch sufsv dbs[i jvf rq. ˆ nmq mrfbhD � ˆv nmKGsb ˆƒ zfqfkde ifE jvstb,

�5/7L:~Bw96:Y�5�Bא���9�F���tG�B�5$�4/V���4 ��9�F�:|:;:Y�F�9Z�9#4!و9!#9{V~א��Bو:"�TG%B,9-�4/4 �5u$Eא���o4Y��٣١(}��409 �f!9;:�ن�(���א��¬��% �

zKGf{, sp zfïfrv nfsK wvDj jsvsY sn spb zfjfw rsk isVsY, zk}iv ifJD kfsj sY]f smsv dbsq sosY zKhf UÔf kfsj hù lCsv dbd[å jsvsY. (rfÏ } 31)

nckvfQ kfv v™rX kfv slsr dIdvsq slWqf rq. kJb kfv dbje lcƒub dIdvñf zfsnb ˆhQ kfsj …dEsq hnfb. zk}iv k]fvf kfsj duÎfnf jsvb, `skfmfv ivWqfvslofv sj?' sn hst, `rfq, rfq, zfdm skf ufdb bf.' zk}iv duÎfnf jsvb, `skfmfv äDb jD?' sn hst, `rfq, rfq, zfdm skf ufdb bf.' kfviv duÎfnf jsvb, `skfmfslv msLA dpdb siadvk rsqdYstb, dkdb sj?' sn hst, `rfq, rfq zfdm kfW skf ufdb bf.'

ˆ nmq zfjfswv dlj rsk zfjfw hfBD rq (ˆj sOfNBfjfvD sOfNBf jsvb), `sn dmKAf hstsY. nckvfQ kfv ubA slfpsJv dhYfbf dhdYsq lfW ˆhQ slfpsJv dlsj ˆjde lvuf Jcst lfW.

nckvfQ kfv dlsj slfpsJv …Ùfi W tc zfnsk Kfsj ˆhQ kfv jhv kfv iadk ˆk nQjcdyk rsq pfq; pfsk kfv ˆj dlsjv i]fusvv rfV

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 77

ziv dlsj Tcsj pfq. ˆ nmq kfv dbje ˆjef zdk jc{dnk syrfvfdhdwó sbfQvfshwD lcoGápcÙÁ stfj zfsn ˆhQ hst, `skfmfsj lc}dJk jvsh ˆmb dudbsnv lc}nQhfl oarB jv! ˆƒ dlhn n©isjGƒ (lcdbqfsk) skfmfsj Wqflf slWqf rk.' kJb sn duÎfnf jsv, `kcdm sj? dj jc{dnk skfmfv syrfvf; pf m¦l nQhfl hrb jsv!' sn hst, `zfdm skfmfv snƒ hl zfmt; pf kcdm lcdbqfsk jvsk.' kJb sn hst, `zfïfr! djqfmk jfsqm jsvf bf. (bsy{ kJb zfmfv …ifq Kfjsh bf.) (zfrmfl 4/287-288, zfhclf…l 4753bQ)

mftfjct mfWskv nfsK mCnf bhDv nQONG mCnf �-ˆv jfsY k]fv ufb jhu jvsk mftfjct mfWk (mfbcsNv

shsw) ˆst dkdb k]fsj ˆmb ˆj yV mfvstb sp, kfsk k]fv ˆjde syfJ bó rsq sot! dIdvwXkf dIsv dosq zfïfrsj htstb, `zfidb zfmfsj ˆmb ˆj hf¦lfv ufb dbsk ifEfstb, dpdb mvsk yfb bf.' zfïfr k]fv syfJ dIdvsq dlsq htstb, `dIsv pfW ˆhQ kfsj ht, sn spb htslv disE rfk vfsJ. zk}iv kfv rfk pk idvmfB stfm sTsj sbsh, kk idvmfB hYv sn lcdbqfq Kfjsk ifvsh.' (nckvfQ kfƒ htf rt.) mCnf � htstb, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! kfviv jD rsh?' zfïfr htstb, `mxkcA.' kJb mCnf � htstb, `kfrst ˆJbƒ (mvh).' (hcJfvD 1339, mcndtm 6298bQ)

zfsÄt zftDvf …ÙÁ nrDr rflDnsj zöDjfv jsv ˆhQ ˆmb Oebfsj zn©Hh msb jsv. dj§Â ˆ Oebfq zhf²Àhkf djYc sbƒ. mCnf � pJb slJstb, ˆjub mfbcN k]fv dhbf zbcmdksk oxsr iashw jvfv iv mvsk ùjcm jvsY, kJbƒ kfsj yV mfvstb. dkdb ufbskb bf sp, sn stfjde zfnst mfbcsNv shsw `mftfjct mfWk' dIdvwXkf. zfv dhbf zbcmdksk sj… pdl jfsvf Osv …]dj mfsv, kfrst kfv syfJ Icdesq slWqf lCNBDq bq; wvDqsk ˆef ³hL.

dIdvwXkf pJb ƒhafrDm W tCk (zftfƒdrmfn nftfm)ˆv dbje ˆsndYstb, kJb iaKsm k]fvf k]fslvsj dybsk ifsvbdb. pdl ƒhafrDm � k]fslvsj dybsk ifvskb, kfrst k]fslv ubA Jfhfv siw jvskb

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 78

bf ˆhQ tCk � k]fslvsj dybsk ifvst k]fslv …iv dbu n©ialfsqv zfÛÁmBsj Hq jvskb bf. (Ifkùt hfvD 6/442)

zfsÄstv sOfVfq nWqfv rsq nrDr rflDnsj vÜ jvf „mfsbv idvi§¿D jmG. spsrkc jcvzfb mfuDsl hdBGk mc'dbslv nhGiaKm ÈB rt ofqhD dhNsq „mfb W dhw¶fn vfJf. nckvfQ nrDr nbsl pJb zfïfr W klDq vnCstv sjfb Jhv zfnsh, kJb dhw¶fn jvf W smsb sbWqf YfVf zbA sjfb iK Kfjsk ifsv bf mc'dmsbv; pdlW kf Îfb-hdrHGCk. spsrkc mfbcsNv Îfb nDdmk. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�"7و%7�Bא�{ VSG'� 5�V8FU9$� �و9!9� �9AE 9�� 4�A4�� B#E!� ?@78� 4/4 � �FA9!2� �7X9$%�7%ن9 G+�4��א� o4Y� و9א��Fא�5w4%ن94����2ل����אن)��٧(}א�9���%�� �

ªpfvf ncdhÎ kfvf hst, `zfmvf ˆ dhÇhfn jdv. nm²Àƒ zfmfslv iadkiftsjv dbje sKsj zfok.' h²Âk} hcdÝmfb stfsjvfƒ …islw oarB jsv.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 7)

jhv, rfwv W zfsJvfsk hf¦lfv nfsK dIdvwXkfv

n©ijG } ufb jhsuv iv sKsj hf¦lfv idvypGf dIdvwXkfƒ j'sv Kfsjb. jhsv mcbdjv-bfjDv drnfh sbb. dIdvwXkf mc'dmb hf¦lfsj jhsv wfd§À slb ˆhQ zivfLD W jfsIvsj

wfd²À slb. djqfmk nQOdek jvfv …sÜswA mrfb nxdójkGfv zfslsw dIdvwXkf

dwÌfq Ic{jfv jvshb. drnfshv ubA mfbcNsj rfwsvv mqlfsb nmshk jvshb. mc'dmbslvsj ufâfskv dlsj ˆhQ jfsIvslvsj ufrfâfsmv dlsj

idvyftbf jvshb. mc'dmbslvsj ufâfsk wfd§À W nftfm slshb ˆhQ jfsIvslvsj

ufrfâfsm zfpfh slshb.

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 79

dIdvwXkf W dhswN swaBDv mfbcN

zfmvf ƒdkiCshG mfbcsNv hAfifsv dIdvwXkfv HCdmjf ufbsk sisvdY. mc'dmb-jfsIv njstv s[sÛ mfkxosHG idvypGf jvf, mfbcsNv kÙ¶fhLfb W dbvfiÙf dhLfb jvf, zrD si]ZsY slWqf, zfmt dtdihÝ jvf ƒkAfdl jmG dIdvwXkf n©iflb j'sv Kfsjb. dj§Â k]fslv djYc jkGhA zfsY, pf sjht mc'dmbslv nfsK n©ixÙÁ ˆhQ djYc jkGhA zfsY, pf sjht jfsIv W Ifsnjslv nfsK n©ixÙÁ. zfncb zfmvf ˆhfsv kfƒ dbsq zfstfybf jdv.

mc'dmbslv s[sÛ dIdvwXkfv HCdmjf

1. mc'dmbslvsj Hfstfhfnf mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))� 9@$�B�4q���،��9�د9 9�B�99�9��:��א��-� 7��א F�9):"� �،�:�'Gذ9א ���7Y� P�405$��:��9�9-���א Fن'�4��9�Fא���G@B�:"�³�T49�دA5 :Y�،�5@$´4q�5/P�405 :Y�،�5/B�4�B):|:Y�::�،��P�4)|:Y�،���7Y�P�405$%�5'ن�Fא

�5 9W%5$�F+5��،�4��9�F�5א��@B�"�5/P�405 :Y�GضB��)).�:/�5א�X:�5%ل�³�5א� �ªzfïfr pJb sjfb hf¦lfsj Hfthfsnb, kJb dkdb duhvDtsj sFsj

hstb, `dbÇyqƒ zfïfr zmcjsj Hfthfsnb, zkˆh kcdmW kfsj Hfthfn.' nckvfQ duhvDtW kfsj Hfthfnsk tfsob. zk}iv dkdb zfjfwhfnDslv msLA sOfNBf j'sv slb sp, `zfïfr zmcj hf¦lfsj Hfthfsnb. jfsuƒ skfmvfW kfsj Hfthfsnf.' kJb zfjfwhfnDvf kfsj Hfthfnsk tfso. zk}iv ixdKhDskW kfsj oarBspfoA jvfv hAh²¿f j'sv slWqf rq.« (hcJfvD 3209, mcndtm 6873bQ)

2. mc'dmbslv nfrfpA W nQswfLb jvf nfrfhD rfnXnfb dhb nfshk ˆjub jdh dYstb. dkdb k]fv jdhkfv

mfLAsm ƒntfsmv nfrfpA jsvsYb, mrfbhD �-ˆv iadkv[f jsvsYb ˆhQ jfsIvslv iadkhfl jsvsYb. ˆƒ ubA dkdb k]fsj lczf dlsq

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 80

hstdYstb, ªsr zfïfr! kcdm Wsj `v™ùt j¶clcn' (duhvDt) äfvf nfrfpA jv.« (hcJfvD 453, mcndtm 6539bQ)

ˆjlf nctfƒmfb � htstb, `zfu vfsk zfdm zhwAƒ zfmfv ˆjw'ub ²ÃDv nfsK dmtb jvh. kfsk iaskAjde ²ÃD ˆjde j'sv icÛ n§Àfb ianh jvsh, sp zfïfrv isK durfl jvsh.'

dIdvwXkf htstb, `zfidb ƒb wfzfïfr htcb.' dj§Â dkdb `ƒb wfzfïfr' htsk Hcst sostb. Ist ²ÃDslv msLA mfÛ ˆjub ˆjde zLGfjxdkv dwð HCdmô jvt. mrfbhD � hstb, ªsnƒ nÙfv jnm p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY! dkdb pdl `ƒb wfzfïfr' htskb, kfrst (k]fv zfwfbcv™i n§Àfb u¦moarB jvk ˆhQ) kfvf njst zw¶fsvfrD rsq zfïfrv isK durfl jvk.« (hcJfvD 5242, mcndtm 4378bQ)

ˆjlf duhvDt � mrfbhD �-ˆv dbjse hsndYstb. rEf{ dkdb zfjfswv dlsj kfdjsq slJstb sp, ˆjub dIdvwXkf zhkvB jvsYb. dkdb (bhD �-sj t[A j'sv) htstb, `ˆƒ dIdvwkf pJb sKsj nxó rsqsYb, kJb sKsj dbsq zfu ipG§À sjfb dlb zhkvB jsvbdb.' dIdvwXkf zhkvB j'sv (bhD �-sj) nsìfLb j'sv htstb, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfibfv iadkiftj zfmfsj zfibfv jfsY ifdEsqsYb. (dkdb ufbsk yfb sp,) zfibfsj dj dkdb ˆjub nmafe W bhD j'sv siavB jvshb, bf sjht ˆjub hf¦lf W vfnCt j'sv ifEfshb?' duhvDt � htstb, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfidb zfibfv iadkiftsjv ubA bma-dhbqD rb.' vfnCtcïfr � htstb,

)�:S��%5�9��). �B�9��B@9[א� �ªbf, hvQgzfdm ˆjub hf¦lf W vfnCt drnfsh siadvk rsk yfƒ.«

(zfrmfl 7160, ƒhsb drêfb 6365, zfhC qAf'tf 6105bQ)

3. mc'dmbslv ubA iafKGbf dIdvwXkf mc'dmbslv ubA lczf jsvb, kfslv ubA jv¢Bf dH[f jsv

Kfsjb. spmb k]fvf mrfbhD �-ˆv ubA zbcoar iafKGbf jsv Kfsjb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

���א�(Iא�)��٥٦(}/ª�9�5$�5%ن�9��9:��א�G'Eo4�FAن�Fא��V/�9و9!�9:�>4;:96{%�� �

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 81

ªdbÇyq zfïfr bhDv iadk zbcoar jsvb ˆhQ k]fv dIdvñfoBW bhDv ubA zbcoar iafKGbf jsv.« (‚rXpfh } 56)

skmdb k]fvf mc'dmbslv ubA zbcoar iafKGbf jsv Kfsjb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�و9{ G�%PAא�� �:�G'� 4z�9�7�ªא��� 9#E!� +7;9qG�Bw5 4�� �و9!�9:�>4;:5/56 B+7;B :�9�� o��9�5$� T4UVא�� 8:�ن9%5��9�]� 4)9��9�4A4!BC5���4 {)�٤٣�(����א�(Iא%�� �

ªdkdb skfmfslv iadk zbcoar jsvb ˆhQ k]fv dIdvñfoBW skfmfslv ubA zbcoar iafKGbf jsv; pfsk dkdb zájfv rsk skfmfslvsj zfstfsj zfbqb jsvb. zfv dkdb dhw¶fnDslv iadk ivm lqftc.« (‚rXpfh } 43)

…ÙÁ zfqfk lcdesk `n¶ftfk' wè hAhrfv rsqsY zbcoar hf jv¢Bfv zsKG. mrfb zfïfrv `n¶ftfk' rt dIdvwXkfv jfsY mrfb zfïfrv hf¦lfv iawQnf zKhf hf¦lfv iadk zbcoar W jv¢Bf jvf. zfv dIdvwXkfv `n¶ftfk' rt mfbcsNv ubA zfïfrv jfsY kf iafKGbf jvf.

sjfbX mc'dmsbv ubA dIdvwXkf iafKGbf jsvb?

(j) mfbcNsj n{dw[flfbjfvD dw[j mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)��א FنG'��F69)9و� �9�G�B05q� o4Y� j:�B�FAא�� �F69)� GضB��و9א� 4zא%�Fא��� 9@B�:"9و� �و9!�9>4;:5/969�B ª�9�5%ن�G+��9�5!��:�9��9א�FA�س�Gא°::��z%7�א.(� �

ªdbÇyq zfïfr mfbcNsj n{dw[flfbjfvD dw[sjv iadk zbcoar jsvb ˆhQ k]fv dIdvñfhoG, zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv zdLhfnD, ˆmb dj diiDdtjf dbu oskG, ˆmbdj m{nA ipG§ÀW kfv ubA lczf jsv Kfsj.« (dkvdmpD 2685, n} kfvoDh 77bQ)

(J) ufmfzfsk bfmfspv ubA zsi[mfB hAdÙÁ mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»Mא� F+5,Vא��� �-7X9%ل5 4/4�4�Bi9!��4Y�99��د9אم!�B+784�9):"��:�9�����9�5-� :j:;4<:�9��א� FنG'�F+5,Vא��� 5/:�� B�4L�5/5�4�B09-�7�:�F�4א��k9��:8��9!�Q�:�91��4Y�B+785�9):"9و�B�4�B05$�B+:���9!�5/B�9)B��.»א �

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 82

ªsp hAdÙÁ bfmfpfs§À bfmfp iVfv ufqofq pk[B WpC nrjfsv zh²¿fb jsv, dIdvñfhoG kfv ubA lczf jsvb; k]fvf hstb, `sr zfïfr! Wv iadk zbcoar jv. sr zfïfr! kcdm Wsj vrm jv.' zfv sn hAdÙÁ kk[B bfmfspv msLAƒ Kfsj, pk[B sn bfmfspv iakD[f jsv.« (hcJfvD 445, mcndtm 1540bQ)

(o) sp ˆwf W Iusvv bfmfp ufmfzfsk isV mrfbhD � hstb, Iuv W zfnsvv bfmfsp vfdÛ W dlsbv dIdvñf

ˆjdÛk rb. Iusvv nmq ˆjdÛk rsq vfskv dIdvñf …sE pfb ˆhQ dlsbv dIdvñf sKsj pfb. zbcv™i zfnsvv bfmfsp ˆjdÛk rsq dlsbv dIdvñf …sE pfb ˆhQ vfskv dIdvñf sKsj pfb. k]fslv iadkiftj k]fslvsj duÎfnf jsvb, `skfmvf zfmfv hf¦lfslvsj jD zh²¿fq sYsV ˆst?' k]fvf hstb, `zfmvf kfslv jfsY sotfm, kJb kfvf bfmfp iVdYt ˆhQ kfslv jfY sKsj ˆtfm, kJbW kfvf bfmfp iVdYt, nckvfQ djqfmskv dlb kfslvsj mfI j'sv dlb.« (zfrmfl 9140bQ, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf1/165, ƒhsb drêfb)

(O) iaKm jfkfsvv bfmfpD mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»�G�4�%7א�7و9لLPن�9��9:��א��%ª�9�5$�5/96:;4<:�9!9�9و/Vא���FنG'«.� �ªdbÇyq zfïfr iaKm jfkfvnmCsrv (bfmfpDslv) …iv zbcoar jsv

Kfsjb ˆhQ dIdvwXkfhoG kfslv ubA zbcoar iafKGbf jsv Kfsjb.« (zfhC lf†l 664bQ)

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªnfmsbv jfkfvnmCsrv …iv.« (nrDr bfnf„ 781bQ)

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªiaKm jfkfsvv …iv.« (nrDr ƒhsb mfufr 816bQ)

(M) pfvf jfkfv dmdtsq l]fVfq mrfbhD � hstsYb,

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 83

)�j9qB�7Y�F�9��B#!�9و�%LPن�9א��%��$�#$Uن�����9א�%ª�9�5$�5/96;4<�!و�&��-��'ن��אj9q9��Y9:��5/9א�� 4,��د9.(� �

ªzhwAƒ zfïfr kfzftf kfslv iadk vrm jsvb ˆhQ dIdvwkfhoG kfslv ubA lczf jsv Kfsjb, pfvf jfkfv dmdtsq l]fVfq. zfv sp hAdÙÁ sjfb I]fj há jsv, zfïfr kfv dhdbmsq kfv ˆjde mpGflf hLGb jsvb.« (nrDr ƒhsb mfufr 814bQ, zfrml, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr, ƒhsb drêfb, rfsjm)

(y) pfvf snrvD sJsq svfpf vfsJ mrfbhD � hstsYb,

) :Y� Q��9!� B#4!� j9�B�9q� B+785�9):"� �9�Bi9$ع9 Bن:"� B%:�9و� 5�%5�9�9-� :�:Y� �j:89�9 � 5/7�8:"� 5�%50Fא�����א FنG*9#$G�E09�967ن�9��9:��א�%ª�9�5$�5/96:;4<�9!9و.(� �

ªsnrvD JfWqfsk hjGk zfsn. nckvfQ skfmvf kf sJsk sYsVf bf; pdlW kfsk skfmvf ˆj sTfj ifdbW JfW. sjbbf, pfvf snrvD Jfq kfslv ubA zfïfr vrmk hNGB jsvb ˆhQ dIdvñf lczf jvsk Kfsjb.« (zfrmfl, nrDùt ufsm' 3683bQ)

(Y) pfvf mrfbhD �-ˆv iadk lv™l ifE jsv vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

)�B#4!�5�B�9��א�F@4X5 �:Y�Fo:�9��o��9�5$�9�7!9�د9אمj:;4<:�:�4א�/B :�9��BkV�91�VSG'�Fo:�9��o��9�5$�Q�B�9��B#4!��9!B�4�;5 4��Bو:"�:K4ذ�.(� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfv …iv pk lv™l ifE jvsh, dIdvñf kfv ubA kk [mf iafKGbf jvsk Kfjsh. nckvfQ hf¦lf yfsr kf jm jv¢j zKhf shwD jv¢j.« (zfrmfl, ƒhsb mfufr, nrDr kfvoDh 1669bQ)

rflDsn jclnDsk mrfb zfïfr hstb, ª(sr bhD!) ixdKhDv hcsj sp sjfb mcndtm skfmfv …iv ˆjhfv lv™l ifE jvsh, zfdm kfv …iv 10 hfv vrmk hNGB jvh ˆhQ zfmfv dIdvñfhoG kfv ubA 10 hfv [mf iafKGbf jvsh.« (k¶fhfvfbD, nrDr kfvoDh 1662bQ)

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 84

(u) pfvf svfoD slJsk pfq mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)G'9و�،� 9o4�B�5$��F69)� QK:�9!� 9d�:"� ��5�B�9%ن9 4/B :�9���V�91� VSG'� �B�7Mو9� ��4�B�5!� �$5�9%د5 +4�B�5!� B#4!� �9!�Bن4jFA:®�³א�pd$G�9Z�5/:��9�9،�و89�نu4�B�5$��F69)�QK:�9!�9d�:"�95%ن�B�9��4/B :�9���V�91�jF �).�9�د4�9��5�9 �

ªsjfb mcndtm njfst sjfb mcndtm (svfoDsj) nf[f{ jsv duÎfnfhfl jvst n¦LAf ipG§À 70 rfufv dIdvwXkf kfv ubA zfïfrv dbje [mf iafKGbf jvsk Kfsjb. zfv n¦LAf shtfq nf[f{ jvst njft ipG§À 70 rfufv dIdvñf kfv ubA [mf iafKGbf jvsk Kfsjb ˆhQ ufâfsk kfv ubA ˆj hfofb vybf jvf rq.« (dkvdmpD 983bQ, nrDr ƒhsb mfufr 1183bQ)

(U) sp hAdÙÁ sjfb äDbD Hfƒsqv nfsK nf[f{ jvsk pfq )5/:���Z:"�9��t�9�B�9!�9:�و9��B#9!�9z"F%9�9-9�دG�9!�9$}��":و�Bز9א�:N9�9وkB�4N�Bن:"�Q9�دA5!�59�د9א������³א

SGIBA9!�4jFA9i��9#4א!.(� �ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb svfoDsj nf[f{ jsv duÎfnfhfl jsv zKhf kfv sjfb

dtïfrD (zfïfrv n§Âdó tfsHv …sÜswA ëfkxk¶²¿fib jsv snƒ) Hfƒsj nf[f{ jsv, sn hAdÙÁsj ˆj (ofqhD) zfrhfbjfvD zfrhfb j'sv hst, `ncJD rW kcdm, ncJjv srfj skfmfv ‰ pfÛf (nf[fskv ubA pfWqf). zfv skfmfv ²¿fb srfj ufâfskv iafnfsl.« (ƒhsb mfufr, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDr dkvdmpD 1633bQ)

(R) sp hAdÙÁ WpC zh²¿fq vfsÛ wqb jsv zfïfrv vnCt � hstsYb,

)9!�z�9 � �N�z�9 �#4��o4Y9�G:���4א�4�9!�:��K4!�¤4XB 96B�9$� �:�:Y�،��K���א� �O:�ل9 �V�G'�@B Vא���#�:�).א���F+5,VאN�z�9 ��9�:8�t������4LM:���4א �

ªsp hAdÙÁ Wpc zh²¿fq vfdÛ pfib jsv kfv z§ÀhGfsn ˆj dIdvwkfW vfdÛpfib jsvb. nckvfQ pJbƒ sn ufoak rq kJbƒ ‰ dIdvwkf hstb, `sr zfïfr! skfmfv hf¦lf zmcjsj [mf jsv lfW, jfvB sn Wpc zh²¿fq vfdÛ pfib jsvsY.« (ƒhsb drêfb, nrDr kfvoDh 594bQ)

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 85

dIdvwXkfv lczfv dj sjfb iaHfh zfsY? mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�و9{ G�%PAא�� �:�G'� 4z�9�7�ªא��� 9#E!� +7;9qG�Bw5 4�� �و9!�9:�>4;:5/56 B+7;B :�9�� o��9�5$� T4UVא�� 8:�ن9%5��9�]� 4)9��9�4A4!BC5���4 {)�٤٣�(����א�(Iא%�� �

ªdkdb skfmfslv iadk zbcoar jsvb ˆhQ k]fv dIdvñfoBW skfmfslv ubA zbcoar iafKGbf jsv; pfsk dkdb zájfv rsk skfmfslvsj zfstfsj zfbqb jsvb. zfv dkdb dhw¶fnDslv iadk ivm lqftc.« (‚rXpfh } 43)

…ÙÁ zfqfsk htf rsqsY sp, mrfb zfïfr dIdvwXkfhsoGv dbje mc'dmbslv iawQnf jsvb ˆhQ dIdvwXkfhoG kfslv ubA lczf W ƒd²ÀoIfv jsvb. zfv kfv iaHfsh kfvf drlfqfk ifq, nciK ifq, jcIvD W dwsjGv zájfv sKsj mcdÙÁ sisq „mfbD zfstfv dlwf ifq. zhfLAkf W ififyfdvkfv idËtkf W zfhuGbf sKsj v[f sisq idhÛkf W idv¤Yâkfv uDhb tfH jsv. bfbf mprfh, ufmfzfk W lstv mfsU rj isKv náfb ifq. wk wk hfdkstv mfsU kftsoft JfWqf jKf, jfu, hAdÙÁk¶ W ufmfzfksj `rj' hst dydrÁk jvsk n[m rq. zfv kf rq mrfb zfïfrv kWIDsj W dIdvwXkfv lczfq.

4. mc'dmbslv lczfq `zfmDb' htf mc'dmb pJb lczf jsv, sjfb sjfb nmq dIdvwXkf kfv lczfsk

`zfmDb' (sr zfïfr! jhct jv¢b) hstb. zfv kJb kf shdw jhctspfoA rq.

zfïfrv vnCt � hstb, ªsp sjfbW mcndtm hf¦lf pJb kfv zbcid²¿k sjfb Hfsqv ubA lczf jsv, kJbƒ dIdvñf hstb, `zfv skfmfv ubAW zbcv™i.«

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, dkdb hstb, �9�9�V�78�p@V89%5!��K:�9!�4/4�"9��د9�9��«��BA4���j9 �9i96B�5!�4�B 4 /�G�B,:�4 �4א9��Z:��G+4�B�5���4א�B�9���7�9%אB�9د

�@B�4�4 �:K:�9�5 2�4/4!�9�4و@V89%5���7אK:�9��ل�9א�:O��B 9w4 �4/ 4Z:�«.� �

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 86

ªzbcid²¿k Hfsqv ubA mcndtsmv lczf jhct jvf rq. kfv mfKfv jfsY dbpcÙÁ ˆj dIdvñf Kfsjb. pJbƒ sn kfv Hfsqv ubA sjfb mÌstv lczf jsv, kJbƒ …ÙÁ dIdvñf hstb, `zfmDb, zfv skfmfv ubAW zbcv™i.« (mcndtm 2732bQ)

zfïfù zfjhfv! pdl zfidb zfibfv sjfb mcndtm Hfƒsqv ubA kfv zbcid²¿dksk lczf jsvb, zfv kfv mfsb dbÇyq kfsk zfibfv iCBG zf§Àdvjkf zfsY, kfrst snƒ lczfsk dIdvwXkf `zfmDb' hstb ˆhQ zfibfv ubA lczf j'sv hstb, `skfmfv ubAW zfdm zfïfrv jfsY ‰ lczfƒ jdv.'

kfv mfsb zfidb pdl sjfb znc²¿ mcndtsmv ubA `zfïfr kfsj nc²¿ jv¢b' hst lczf jsvb, kfrst dIdvwXkfW zfibfv ubA lczf j'sv htshb, `zfïfr skfmfsjW nc²¿ vfJcb.'

ˆjƒ nmq pdl zfidb mcndtm ufrfsbv nm²À svfoDslv ubA nc²¿kfv lczf jsvb, zfv kfslv nQJAf pdl ˆj sjfde rq, kfrst zfibfv ubA dIdvwXkfv lczf rsh ˆj sjfde hfv! zfidb ˆj sjfde hfv nc²¿ Kfjshb. zfïfrv ƒ¤Yf, dkdb pfsj ƒ¤Yf dbu zbcoar dhkvB jsv Kfsjb.

sjfb mvsBf¦mcJ svfoDv nfmsb lczf jvst dIdvwXkf `zfmDb' hst Kfsjb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

� »��9!� �:�9�� �5AE!9C5$%ن9 :j:;4<:�9��א� FنG*:Y� 9 �B[אZ� �%7�%7X:Yא 9kE �א9�� Gو:"� 9¢$G�9��א� 5+5-B�9{9)� 'Gذ9א7X9-�97%ن�%«.� �

ªpJb skfmvf sjfb svfoD hf mvBfiâ hAdÙÁv dbje …id²¿k Kfjsh, kJb Hfstf jKfƒ hstf. sjb bf, skfmvf pf htsh, kfv …iv dIdvñfhoG `zfmDb' htshb.« (mcndtm 2168, dkvdmpD 977bQ)

5. mc'dmbslv ubA ƒd²ÀoIfv jvf hV JcwDv dhNq W snZHfsoAv jKf sp, dIdvwXkfhoG ixdKhDv hcsj

hnhfnjfvD mc'dmbslv ubA [mfiafKGbf j'sv Kfsjb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 87

}�B+G,E 9�� 4�B�904 � �50E�9�5$%ن9 7j:;4<�:�9��و9א� F#G,4OB%:Y� #4!� �B�V~:L969$ن9 5z9�و9א�Fא��� -9;:�د5%7��5אL9���9%5��9א/Vא���FنG'��:�:"�GضB�4 +5و5�4LB�96B�9$9ون�o4Y�#9�4��9א�|:)F��{)�٥�(�����א��%%�� �

zKGf{, zfjfwmàtD †L¶Gslw rsk sHsM iVfv …iÛÁm rq ˆhQ dIdvñf kfslv iadkiftsjv niawQn idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jsv ˆhQ ixdKhDv hfdn¦lfv ubA [mf iafKGbf jsv. susb vfJ sp, dbÇyq zfïfr, dkdbƒ yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqftc. (wCvf } 5)

[mfiafKGbfv nfsK nfsK k]fvf zfsvf zdkdvÙÁ lczf jsv Kfsjb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�4��B+G,E 9و5A4!BC5$9%ن�9 �4/4و5�4LB�96B�9$9ون�9{�B�904 �950%نE�9�5$�5/:�B%9)�B#9!9ش�9وB�9��7�4%ن�9א�B09$�9#$4UVא��:Y� �و4�9��[� j9�B)F�� Q�Bo9�� F@78� 9kB�4�9و� �9AF 9�� �%5A9!2א 9#$4UV�4��:K:� 4�9�� �و9א-%5�9�Fא �-9� %5א 9#$4UV�4�� B�4LM

� G+ 409i�א� 9���9U9א B+G,4O9٧(و� (�B#4!� 9u:�91�#9!9و� +5,F-�9�9و�o46Vא�� ��B�9ن 4z�FA9q� B+5,�4ZBو9":د� �9AF 9�� 5+ �א4;90� 5I$GI9��א� 9k�:"� :KF�G'� B+G,4-�F$E��و9ذ5 B+G,4qو9אBو9":ز� B+G,4<�9 2)٨� (Fא��� 5+G,4O9و�Gf9-� �و9!#9 4z�9�E

5+ ��5/96B�4)9و9ذK4�9:���9%5אB%:L�ز�5א4�9���B�:X:Y�QU4�9!B%9$�4z�9�E F�٩(}א���(�Y�M���%�� �zKGf{, pfvf zfvw LfvB j'sv zfsY ˆhQ pfvf ˆv yfdvifw dOsv zfsY,

kfvf kfslv iadkiftsjv idhÛkf W mdrmf iawQnfv nfsK sOfNBf jsv ˆhQ kfsk dhw¶fn ²¿fib jsv ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv ubA [mf iafKGbf j'sv hst, `sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! skfmfv lqf W Îfb nhGhAfiD; zkˆh pfvf kWhf jsv W skfmfv iK zhtìb jsv, kcdm kfslvsj [mf jv ˆhQ ufrfâfsmv wfd²À rsk v[f jv. sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! kcdm kfslvsj ²¿fqD ufâfsk iashw lfb jv; pfv iadkwa¢dk kcdm kfslv dlsqY (ˆhQ kfslv) dikf-mfkf, idk-ikD W n§Àfb n§Àdkslv msLA (pfvf) n{jfu jsvsY, kfslvsjW (ufâfk iashswv zdLjfv lfW). dbÇyqƒ kcdm ivfÛÁmwftD, iaÎfmq. ˆhQ kcdm kfslvsj wfd²À rsk v[f jv. sndlb kcdm pfsj wfd²À rsk v[f jvsh, kfsj skf lqfƒ jvsh. zfv ˆdeƒ skf mrfnfItA.' (mc'dmb } 7-9)

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 88

6. äDbD ƒtXm W kfstsh-ƒtXsmv iadk k]fslv waÝf dIdvwXkf äDbD ƒtXm W kfstsh-ƒtXsmv iadk waÝf ialwGb jsvb.

ƒtXsmv jlv j'sv ƒtXmD mudtn W uftnf-utCsn …id²¿k rb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

� ))� j:;4<�9!��:��9�9-� 4�� F5�9وא�'نq9و� �،�G*:Yذ9א G�8EUא�� 9@B�:"� �$5�4�96�9%ن9 G5ق�ª~א��o4Y� 7Y%7~9$%ن9� :��א �5�78BU9$ون9 �9!B%:O−� F@9q9و� FI9��−� �-9A9�د9وBא ،�� :�B+5,9�%ªL509 :Y� ،B+7;469q�9)� �:�G'� �P�7�9%א

�9 B�P�4א���9��Fא����:�G'�+G,46904ABq:|4 .((...� �ªdbÇyq zfïfrv djYc dIdvñf zfsYb, p]fvf vf²Àfq vf²Àfq Ocsv-dIsv

zfrst dpjXv J]cusk Kfsjb. zk}iv pJb sjfb n©ialfqsj zfïfr zfpXpf zufïfv dpjXvvk zh²¿fq sisq pfb, kJb k]fvf ˆsj zivsj zfrhfb j'sv htsk Kfsjb, `ˆn skfmfslv iasqfusbv dlsj.' nckvfQ k]fvf (snJfsb …id²¿k rsq) kfslvsj dbsuslv Ffbf äfvf dbsyv zfnmfb ipG§À shdók j'sv sIstb.---« (hcJfvD 6408, mcndtm 7015bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, � ))4��א 9��9648� �$7�69%ن9 4��א 4z%5 5 � B#4!� QkB 9 � o4Y� pمB%:O� 9 9�96Bqא� �و9�969$9א�5�9%��5/9و9!9� ،�B+5,9A 9 4�:M9�7وj9A 4;Fא��� 5+G,B :�9��Bk:�9I9�� VSG'�،�5+5�9�:89�7،�و9ذj:;4<:�:א�� 5+5,B6VL9)9�7،�وj9�B)Fא��� 5+5,B6

�5�9�BA4��B#9� 4Y�7��)).�א �ªpJbƒ sjfb n©ialfq zfïfrv OvnmCsrv msLA sjfb ˆj Osv

ˆjdÛk rsq zfïfrv oa§¿ (jcvzfb) ifE jsv, kf dbsq iv±isvv msLA zLAqb jsv, kfrst kfslv iadk (zfïfrv i[ sKsj) iawfd§À zhkDBG rq ˆhQ kfslvsj kf]v vrmk sTsj sbq, zfv dIdvñfhoG kfslvsj dOsv sIstb. zfïfr öqQ kf]v dbje²¿ dIdvñfmàtDv jfsY kfslv jKf zfstfybf jsvb.« (mcndtm 7028bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, �))�X$G�:N�5/:��7�4 /F,9�����4��4@�9אY�o4�96B�9$��X$G�:N�:K:�9��B#9!�:j:;4<:�:א��FنG'94،�وjFA:®א��:�G'�

�o4Y� B#9!� 5/:�� 5�4LB�96B�9 :�� �א��9��9+4 FنG'9و� ،� 5 9AB�9$� �9�4 � �WG�� G+�4א��� 4�4��:~4�� �9,96904ABq:"� 5 9{96:�

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 89

���9:��א��9� �4�4 G+4��9א��� 5@B{:Y9�4،�و�א�:��o4Y�596�ن א��9�F�و9א�4zو�o4Y�B#9!9א�:�Bض��F69)�Gא�4:8�B+:�� 9��9 4�B�:א�� FنG'9و� ،� 4��9 4�B�:א�� 7j9�9��و9 �א��9�:�5��9 FنG'9و� ،� �א�;:9%א4�48 G�4<�9�� �:�9�� G�9�:Xא�� G@B{:L

��4Yو9א�§¤:µ�9U9Z:"�5�9U9Z:"�B#9�:Y�،�9+�4%5א�א���F��א�وS9:�د4��9�B��و9�F�G'9��و9�9A$4%5א�د�E�9%5$.((� �ªsp hAdÙÁ ˆmb isK omb jsv, pfsk sn ÎfbfuGb jsv, zfïfr kfv

ubA ufâfskv iK ncom j'sv slb. zfv dIdvñfhoG kfstsh ƒtsmv ubA kfv jfsu ianâ rsq dbsuslv FfbfÈdt dhdYsq slb. zhwAƒ zfstm hAdÙÁv ubA zfjfw-ixdKhDv njt hfdn¦lf ˆmbdj ifdbv mfY ipG§À [mf iafKGbf j'sv Kfsj. zfshslv …iv zfstsmv IpDtk dEj skmdb, spmb nmoa b[ÛicsÓv …iv iCdBGmfv yf]slv IpDtk. …tfmf n©ialfq iqoìvslv …ÙvfdLjfvD. zfv ˆ jKf ncdbdÇyk sp, iqoìvoB sjfb svZiA hf öBG mclafv jf…sj …ÙvfdLjfvD hfdbsq pfbdb; hvQ kf]vf ƒtXsmv (äDbD ÎfbHfàfsvv) …ÙvfdLjfvD hfdbsq sosYb. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ kf zuGb jvt, sn iCBG zQw tfH jvt.« (zfhC lf†l 3643, dkvdmpD 2682bQ)

n{jmG mfbcNsj dIdvwXkfv dbjehkGD jsv. spsrkc dIdvwXkf n{wDt ufdk, k]fvf n{ mfbcN iY¦l jsvb. mfbcN pdl „mfsbv nfsK n{jmG j'sv zf§Àdvjkf W ‰jfd§Àjkfv …¤y ipGfsq si]ZYsk ifvk, kfrst zhwAƒ mfbcN dIdvwXkfsj lwGb jvk ˆhQ kfslv nfsK mcnfIfrfr jvk. ˆ jKf rflDsn hdBGk rsqsY.

rfbXpftfr dhb vfhD' …nfƒdqlD � hstb, ˆjlf zfhC hfjXv � zfmfv nsÌ nf[f{ j'sv htstb, `sr rfbpftfr! kcdm sjmb zfY?' zfdm httfm, `rfbpftfr mcbfdIj rsq sosY!' dkdb (zhfj rsq) htstb, `nchrfbfïfr! ˆ jD jKf htY?' zfdm httfm, `(jKf ˆƒ sp, pJb) zfmvf vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv dbjse Kfdj, dkdb zfmfslv nfmsb ˆmb HdÌmfq ufâfk W ufrfâfsmv zfstfybf jsvb, spb zfmvf kf öys[ slJdY. zk}iv pJb zfmvf vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv dbje sKsj shv rsq zfdn, kJb ²ÃD n§Àfb-n§Àdk W zbAfbA (ifdKGh) jfvhfsv hA²À rsq zsbj djYc Hcst pfƒ.' zfhC hfjXv � htstb, `zfïfrv jnm! zfmfslvW skf ˆƒ zh²¿f rq.' nckvfQ zfdm W zfhC hfjXv dosq

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 90

vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv dJlmsk rfduv rtfm. zk}iv zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! rfbpftfr mcbfdIj rsq sosY.' vfnCtcïfr � htstb, ªsn jD jKf?« zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmvf pJb zfibfv dbjse Kfdj, kJb zfidb zfmfslvsj ufâfk-ufrfâfsmv jKf ˆmbHfsh ðbfb; spmb bfdj zfmvf kf iakA[Hfsh slJdY. zk}iv zfmvf pJb zfibfv dbje sKsj shv rsq pfƒ ˆhQ ²ÃD n§Àfb-n§ÀdkW jfvhfsv hA²À rsq idV, kJb zsbj jKf Hcst pfƒ. (ˆ jKf ðsb) vfnCtcïfr � htstb,

� ))�،� �8EUא�� �و³9 ،� T4�BA4�� �-9;7%�%ن9 �9!� �:�9�� �-5�9و!5%ن9 B%:�� ،� 4�4�9 4 � o�L9�� T4UVو9א��j9��9و��j9��9��7j:�:�BA9)��9$�B#4;:��،B+7;4O5�7N�³9و�B+7;4�5�7Y��:�9��7j:;4<�5+7א��;B690:Y�9��((.� �

ªsnƒ nÙfv jnm, pfv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY! pdl skfmvf nhGlf ˆƒ zh²¿fq Kfjsk, sp zh²¿fsk skfmvf zfmfv dbjse Kfj ˆhQ nhGlf zfïfrv n¹vsB mo´ Kfjsk, kfrst dIdvñfoB skfmfslv dhYfbfq W skfmfslv isK skfmfslv nsÌ mcnfIfrf jvskb. dj§Â Wsr rfbpftfr! (nhGlf mfbcsNv ˆj zh²¿f Kfsj bf.) djYc nmq (ƒhflskv ubA) W djYc nmq (nfQnfdvj jfsuv ubA).« dkdb ˆ jKf dkbhfv htstb. (mcndtm 7142bQ)

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªpdl skfmvf nhGlf ˆƒ zh²¿fq Kfjsk, sp zh²¿fsk skfmvf zfmfv dbjse Kfj, kfrst zhwAƒ dIdvwXkfoB dbu Ffbf äfvf skfmfslvsj Yfqflfb jvskb.« (nrDr dkvdmpD 1994bQ)

7. ucmzfv dlb …id²¿dkv rfduvf oarB djYc dIdvwXkf ucmzfv dlb mc'dmbslv ubA rfduvf Jfkfq rfduvf sbfe

jsvb, iaKm-däkDq-kxkDq ˆƒHfsh. mrfbhD � hstsYb, � »4iB�9��א� 4��": 9%Bא B#4!� Q��9 � E@78��:�9�� �8:�ن9 4j9�5�5i�א� �B%9$م5 �8:�ن9 �$9;5�56%نG'�9ذ9א �j:;4<:�9!� 4�

9�8EU5�4�96%ن�9א�B�9$5وא��9�q9�9وd50P9و5א�א��%:N�59�م!G�9�:�9א�qذ9א�G*:Y�9لFو:��:Y�9لFא�:و�«.� �ªucmzfv dlt ˆst mnduslv iaskAj lvufq dIdvwXkf JfVf rsq pfb.

zk}iv k]fvf iaKm-däkDq dtJsk Kfsjb. idvswsN pJb ƒmfm dmìsv

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 91

hsnb, kJb k]fvf Jfkf Èdesq slb ˆhQ Jckhf ðbsk (mnduslv dHksv) ˆsn pfb.« (mcndtm 2021bQ)

hf¦lf sjfb …Ùm jKf htst kfVfkfdV dIdvwXkf kf sbfe jsvb. hvQ kf sbfe jvfv ubA k]fvf zfsifsn iadkspfdokf jsvb.

zfbfn � hstb, `ˆj hAdÙÁ�r]fifsk r]fifsk jfkfsv wfdmt rsq htt, `zftrfmlc dtïf-dr rfmXlfb jfNDvfb k¶fƒdqAhfm mchf-vfjfb IDr.'

zfïfrv vnCt � bfmfp swN jvfv iv htstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sj ‰ lczf ifE jsvsY?« stfsjvf njst yci Kfjt. icbvfq dkdb htstb, ªsj hstsY ‰ lczf? sp hstsY, sn m¦l hstdb.« …ÙÁ�hAdÙÁ�htt, `zfdmƒ r]fifsk r]fifsk ˆsn hst sIstdY.' dkdb htstb, ªzfdm 12 ub dIdvñfsj slJtfm, k]fvf�‰�lczf (zfïfrv lvhfsv) …id²¿k jvfv ubA iadkspfdokf jvsYb!« (mcndtm 600bQ, zfhC zfWqfbfr)

v¢jC sKsj …sE `vfêfbf ztfjft rfmXlc rfmlfb jfNDvfb k¶fƒdqhfm mchf-vfjfb IDr' ifE jvstW dIdvwXkfoB kf sbfe jvfv ubA k{iv rb.

zbA ˆj hBGbfq dbsmv wèÈstf hfVdk zfsY, `---mchfvfjfb zftfƒdr jfmf qcAdrêc vfêcbf zqAfvp¶f. (zfhC lf†l 773, dkvdmpD 405, n} bfnf„ 892-893bQ)

zhwA …ÙÁ�hBGbfq r]fdyv jKfW�…sïJ zfsY. pfsk msb rq sp, hBGbfjfvD dvIfzfr dhb vfsI' �-ˆv r]fdyW ‰ nmsqƒ ˆsndYt. (Ifkùt hfvD 2/334) bfmfp swsN bhD � htstb, ªbfmfsp sj jKf htt?« dvIfzfr htstb, `zfdm.' htstb, ªzfdm dÛwfdLj dIdvñfsj slJtfm, k]fvf lczfdesj (zfmtbfmfq) iaKsm stJfv ubA zfsifsn iadkspfdokf jvsYb!« (hcJfvD 798, zfhC lf†l 770bQ)

ˆ jKf ncdbdÇyk sp, …dïdJk dIdvwXkfoB `djvfmfb jfskhDb' YfVf zbA dIdvwXkf. spsrkc k]fslv nQJAf mfÛ lcƒub.

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 92

8. iftfÛÁsm bfmfsp …id²¿dk zfmfslv bfmfspv nmq dbdlGó dIdvwXkf …id²¿k rb. k]fvf ƒtXm W

dpjXsvv mudtsn …id²¿k rb, ucmzfr W ufmfzfskW rfduv rb. ˆjlt zfomb jsvb, zbAlt ia²¿fb jsvb. Iuv W zfnsvv bfmfsp k]fvf nmshk rb.

�� ))�4�:�91� o4Y� �و9¶5�4�96%ن9 ،� G��9,FA��4 � �j:;4<:�9!9و� ،� G@B V���4 � �j:;4<:�9!� B+7; 4Y� O�9�969$:�5%ن95,7�:|B�9 :Y�،�B+7; 4Y�9#$4 9�-%5א�UV5ج�5א��B�9$�F+5��،�G�B�9و�4�:�919א���GuB�Pא�����B+G,4 �5+:�B�"�9%5�9���7و�+�5א

�B%7X9%ن�9:Y؟��T9�4�د��B+5689�9-�9dB �)).-�B+5��9A89�9وª�9�5$�B+5�9%ن�9،�و9"-9 �B+5��9ABوª�9�5$�B+5�9%ن8�:9: �ªskfmfslv dbje dlhfvfdÛ dIdvñfhoG iftfÛÁsm pfkfqfk jvsk

Kfsjb. zfv Iuv W zfnsvv bfmfsp k]fvf ˆjdÛk rb. zk}iv pfvf skfmfslv jfsY vfk jfdesqsYb, k]fvf †sLG¶ (zfjfsw) yst pfb. zk}iv zfïfr kfzftf k]fslvsj duÎfnf jsvb---zKy dkdb kfslv n©isjG HfstfHfsh idvÎfk, `skfmvf zfmfv hf¦lfslvsj jD zh²¿fq sYsV ˆsnY?' k]fvf hstb, `zfmvf pJb kfslvsj sYsV ˆsndY, kJb kfvf bfmfsp iahxÙ dYt. zfv pJb zfmvf kfslv dbje dosqdYtfm, kJbW kfvf bfmfsp iahxÙ dYt.« (hcJfvD 7429, mcndtm 1464bQ)

n©Hhk} k]fvfƒ snƒ dIdvwXkf, p]fvf hf¦lfv zfmt iadkiftsjv dbje …dÚk j'sv Kfsjb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�»��4�9�BA9$�:S99�م�5وA9$�:S�F@9q9و�FI9��9/Vא���FنG'�4/B :�G'�5 :YB�5$�5/5�:YB�9$9و�:�B�4X��5¢4אLBw9$�99�مA9$�B�5":ن/:��G@B Vא���G@9�9��9@B�:O�G��9,FAو9�9�9@�5א��G��9,FAא��G@9�9��9@B�:O�G@B V9�9@�5א���...«�.� �

zKGf{, dbÇyq zfïfr zfpXpf zufïX Ocmfb bf ˆhQ Ocm k]fv ubA swfHbDq bq. dkdb kctfl× (v¢pD zKhf mpGflf) dbm´ jsvb W …sÙftb jsvb. k]fv iadk …dÚk jvf rq dlsbv zfmstv iCshG vfskv zfmt ˆhQ vfskv zfmstv iCshG dlsbv zfmt. (mcndtm 463bQ, ƒhsb mfufr)

mrfb zfïfrv dbje Iusvv bfmfspv Èv¢k¶ zsbj shdw. kfƒ kfsk dIdvwXkf …id²¿k rb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}:�Fא���G+4O:"�:8�G�Bi:L�2ن�9אB�7O�FنG'�G�Bi:L�2ن�9אB�7O9و�G@B Vא���Gf9�:M��:�G'�G�B�F�4א��t%7�5�4��:5%د[א�,B�9!�9ن{� �

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 93

ªnCpG srst iVhfv iv rsk vfdÛv Ob zájfv ipG§À bfmfp jfsqm jv ˆhQ (jfsqm jv) Iusvv j¶cvzfb (bfmfp); Iusvv j¶cvzfb (bfmfp dIdvwXkf jkxGj) idvtd[k rq dhswNHfsh.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 78)

9. mc'dmsbv jcvzfb dktfzskv nmq dIdvwXkfv

zhkvB djYc dIdvwXkf mc'dmsbv dktfzskv ubA zfnmfb sKsj zhkvB jsvb. hfvf' ƒhsb zfsph � hstb, ˆjlf ˆjde stfj nCvf jfrXI ifE

jvdYt. kfv ifswƒ lcsef vdw dlsq ˆjde sOfVf hf]Lf dYt. ƒskfmsLA stfjdesj ˆjde smsO sTsj dbt. smOde stfjdev dbjehkDG rsk Kfjst sOfVfde kf slsJ yjsk zfvý jvt. zk}iv pJb njft rt, kJb stfjde vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv lvhfsv rfduv rsq …ÙÁ Oebf hBGbf jvt. kf (ðsb) dkdb htstb,

�))�G2نB�7X�4��Bk:�FI9A9-�7j9A 4;Fא���:K�4-.((� �ªWde iawfd§À dYt, pf skfmfv jcvzfb iVfv lv¢b zhkDBG rsqsY.«

(hcJfvD 3614, mcndtm 1892bQ) ˆjlf …nfƒl dhb ùp¶fƒv jcvzfb dktfzk jvdYstb. k]fv

dktfzk ðbsk dIdvwXkf zhkvB jsvdYstb zfstfmq smsOv msLA. kf slsJ k]fv sOfVf ydjk rsqdYt. mrfbhD � k]fsj hstdYstb,

.»�:>K:��5 4�96B�9-�Bk9��:8�7j:;4:�و9�9$�Bk909�B1:��9z"9�:O�B%:�9א�9��א�FA�سK�4-�B+5,BA4!�5�4696B�9-��9!�5:�א9��«�ªkf dYt dIdvwXkf, skfmfv dktfzk ðbdYstb. kcdm pdl dktfzk

jvskƒ Kfjsk, kfrst njfstW stfsjvf slJsk sik, kfslv syfsJ zlxwA rskb bf.« (hcJfvD 5018, mcndtm 1895bQ)

10. mrfbhD �-sj nftfm si]ZYfsbf dbdlGó dIdvwXkf zfsYb, p]fvf mrfbhD �-sj lv™l W nftfm si]ZYfsbfv

jfsu dbpcÙÁ zfsYb, sp lv™l W nftfm k]fv …©mk k]fv ubA ifE j'sv Kfsjb. dkdb hstsYb,

)4�%5���9�5$�9�4)�F 9��j:;4<�:�9!�GضB��).�o46F!7"�B#4!�oא���F:�مG'9ن�o4Y�4/V�4��Fא�|: �

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 94

zKGf{, dbÇyq ixdKhDsk zfïfrv ëfmAmfB dIdvwkflt zfsYb, k]fvf zfmfv …©mskv dbje sKsj zfmfsj nftfm si]ZdYsq Kfsjb. (zfrmfl 4210, bfnf„ 1282, ƒhsb drêfb 914, rfsjm 3576, lfsvmD 2774, k¶fhfvfbD 10529, dn} nrDrfr 2853bQ)

11. mc'dmbslvsj ncnQhfl slWqf djYc dIdvwXkf zfsYb, p]fvf bhDoB W mc'dmboBsj ncnQhfl slWqfv

jfsu dbpcÙÁ. spmb k]fvf ƒhafrDm �-sj icÛ n§Àfsbv ncnQhfl dlsqdYstb. mrfb

zfïfr hstsYb, 9 9�B G'�4dBא�4 +�9א5��;�9!�9�4W�5�$4�9)�:t�9-:"�B@9�)٢٤�(:X:Y�4/B ��%7א��O��!�9:�لG'�9ذ�Bد%7�9Z9א���9:

O�B+G,B:�ل�9)�٢٦(Y:�9אغ�9i:Y�4/4�B�:"��:�G'�9�Bi4�4 �9@��4�9��)�٢٥(��9مB%:O�pمA5!�p;:�5ون�9:�G'�5/9 F�:X:Y4 O�j:L:��%7א��:�)�٢٧(":�S-9|7�78%ن�9Z�B+5,BA4!�9�9qBو:|:Y��+ ��)٢٨(-�Bd9w9و5�F�9 9و��5 �5�4م��4�9 �

ªskfmfv dbje ƒhafrDsmv n©mfdbk smrmfbslv hxÙf§À ˆsnsY dj? pJb kfvf kfv dbje …id²¿k rsq htt, `nftfm.' …Ùsv sn htt, `nftfm. ˆvf skf zidvdyk stfj.' zk}iv ƒhafrDm nQsofisb kfv ²ÃDv dbje sot ˆhQ ˆjde (Hcbf) mfQnt hfYcv dbsq ˆt. kf kfslv nfmsb vfJt ˆhQ htt, `skfmvf Jf¤Y bf sjb?' kJb kfslv n©isjG kfv msb HDdkv nÑfv rt. kfvf htt, `Hq sisqf bf.' zk}iv kfvf kfsj ˆj ÎfbD icÛ-n§Àfsbv ncnQhfl dlt.« (pfdvqfk } 24-28)

pfjfdvqf � iadkiftsjv dbje n§Àfb iafKGbf jsvdYstb. nckvfQ k]fsj icÛ ƒqfrXqfv ncnQhfl slWqf rsqdYt. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�9A:Y��OE�9�5!��9 B09 4 � :t5�E�9�5$� �א��</9 Fن:"� 4���o4Y�o��9�5$א9�B04��א p+4<�:O� �و9%5�9 7j:;4<=9��א� 5/B-9د9�404��F�9#א��E!��� ���2ل����אن)��٣٩(} �9#E!�Qj9�4�:;4א��</�4و9�9 �E[א�و9(%5�9�[א�و4�9�9%�� �

ªpJb (pfjfdvqf) dmrvfsh bfmfsp vk dYt, kJb dIdvñfoB kfsj nsìfLb jsv htt, `dbÇyq zfïfr skfmfsj ƒqfrqAfv ncnQhfl dls¤Yb, sn rsh zfïfrv ˆj hfBD („nf)v nmKGj, sn rsh sbkf, duskd¦laq ˆhQ icBAhfbslv msLA ˆjub bhD.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 39)

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 95

ðLc bhDoBsjƒ bq, mc'dmboBsjW dIdvwXkfv mfLAsm mrfb zfïfr ncnQhfl ifdEsq Kfsjb. spmb mf JflDuf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)sj duhvDt � shsrwXskv ncnQhfl dlsqdYstb.

zfhC ùvfƒvf � hstb, bhD � hstsYb, ˆjlf duhvDt ˆsn htstb, 4 /G'�4د9אم�p":وN�B:��9�م�p":و9��9��Bא�G*�:Y�pذ9א�������������������(Y�p��9�G'��9,9�9!�Bk9-:"�B�:O�7j:¶4�9Z�4�4U9��4/V5�9%ل�9א�����9$

�:KB69-:"�9o4��������:��Q�9��:O�B#�4!�4jFA9i�א�o4Y�QkB 9�4 ��9�B�E�9 9و�oEA4!99��و,E 9��B#4!�9م�:�F9��א��,B :�9��"9�O�:Y�4 /�4و�9:���9�9�9Y�9�9w91.(� �

`sr zfïfrv vnCt! ˆƒ sp JflDuf zfibfv dbje zfnsY, kfv nfsK zfsY ˆjde ifÛ, kfsk zfsY hAÓb hf JflA hf ifbDq. nckvfQ sn ˆst zfidb kfsj kfv iadkiftsjv i[ sKsj ˆhQ zfmfv i[ sKsj nftfm ufbfb. zfv kfsj ufâfsk (kfv ubA) If]if mcÙÁf dbdmGk ˆjde zÕfdtjfv ncnQhfl lfb jv¢b; spJfsb sjfb rÕsoft W j½fd§À Kfjsh bf. (zfrmfl 7156, hcJfvD 3820, mcndtm 6426bQ)

nfLfvB mc'dmbsjW sjfb Èv¢k¶iCBG n{jfspGv lv¢b ðH nQhfl slWqf rq. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

�))�،��;:�9!�4/469q9�B�9!��:�9���:��9�9-����9�91Bא|:Y�،��9�BZ7"�j9$�:O�³�5/:���9Z:"�9��5q9��ز9א�Fن" /O�،�4:�ل�9:�9���9-"��F�:�:Y�:�9ل�:O�9-�5$��5؟�#B$"�:�4j9$�:X�4�4א�U��³�o���Z"�5�$�@O�:9��B:�ل7"�.�9

/�4؟�O:�ل�9:9����9,P 5�9-�j9�B�4��B#4!�4/ :�9��:K:��:�9ل�:O�،��:��9�9-�� �³�5/56B�9�B)"�oE�"�9�Bא:M�،�S�:�9�:8�:KF�9):"�B�:O�:� KB:� 9|ن�Fא:�'���5�9%ل�5א�oE�*Y�4/ 4Y�5/96B�9�B)"�.((� �

ªˆj hAdÙÁ zbA sjfb oafsm kfv Hfƒsqv nfsK nf[f{ jvfv ubA shv rt. zfïfr kfzftf kfv vf²Àfq ˆj dIdvñfsj hdnsq dlstb, dkdb kfv zsi[f jvsk Kfjstb. pJb sn kf]v jfsY si]ZYt, kJb dkdb kfsj htstb, `kcdm sjfKfq pf¤Y?' sn htt, `ˆ stfjftsq zfmfv ˆj Hfƒ zfsY, zfdm kfv jfsY pfd¤Y.' dIdvñf dusÎn jvstb, `skfmfv iadk dj kfv sjfb zbcoar vsqsY, pfv dhdbmq slWqfv ubA kcdm pf¤Y?' sn htt, `bf, zfdm kfv dbje sjhtmfÛ ˆƒ ubA pfd¤Y sp, zfdm kfsj zfïfrv Wqfs²À Hfstfhfdn.' dIdvñf htstb, `(kfrst swfsbf) zfdm skfmfv

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 96

dbje zfïfrv lCk drnfsh (ˆ jKf ufbfhfv ubA) ˆsndY sp, zfïfr kfzftf skfmfsj Hfstfhfsnb; spmb kcdm kfsj zfïfrv ubA Hfstfhfn.« (mcndtm 6714bQ)

� ))� Q9�دA5!� �،��9�د9א�5 4���³א 5/:�� �Z"� 9��ز9א Bو:"� �{$G�9!� ��9�د9 B#9!� :�9��:N9و� ،� 9kB�4N� B4|ن �SGIBA9!�4jFA:®�9!�9#4אz"F%9�9-9و�،�:t�9�B�9!.((� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb svfoDsj nf[f{ jsv duÎfnfhfl jsv zKhf kfv sjfb dtïfrD Hfƒsj nf[f{ jsv, sn hAdÙÁsj ˆj (ofqhD) zfrhfbjfvD zfrhfb j'sv hst, `ncJD rW kcdm, ncJjv srfj skfmfv ‰ pfÛf (nf[fskv ubA pfWqf). zfv skfmfv ²¿fb srfj ufâfskv iafnfsl.« (dkvdmpD 2008bQ)

12. ösi dIdvwXkfv lwGb ˆjlf mrfbhD � zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)sj htstb,

)4K56$G�7"�o4Y�G9�مA9��א�G#B 9-F�9!��9�:"�4KF�:"�o4Y�Qj:O9�9��B#4!��$G�9)�57%لX9$9�4�4وU9��:K5-:"9�B!א�Bd4�8�:Y��9,BA9ذ9א��G*:Y�9o4��4kB�:"�57%لO:|:Y�BنG'�7K9$9א�U9��B#4!�4�BA4��4/V�4/4א��{B�5$.(� �

ªzfdm (dhhfsrv iCshG) skfmfsj lc-lchfv ösi´ slsJdY. slJtfm kcdm ˆj Jà svwmhs²Ãv msLA vsqY. zfv zfmfsj sj… htsY, `ˆ rt skfmfv ²ÃD.' zfdm jfiV ndvsq sldJ, sn skf kcdmƒ. kfviv Hfhtfm, pdl ˆef zfïfrv i[ sKsj rq, kfrst dkdb kf hf²Àhfqb jvshb. (hcJfvD 3895, mcndtm 6436bQ)

nfmcvfr ƒhsb ucblch � hstb, bhD � iafqƒ kf]v nfrfhDslvsj htskb, ªskfmfslv sj… sjfb öi´ slsJsY dj?« hBGbfjfvD hstb, pfv hAfifsv zfïfrv ƒ¤Yf sn k]fv jfsY öi´ hBGbf jvk. dkdb ˆjdlb njfst htstb, ªokvfsÛ zfmfv jfsY lcub zfo§Âj ˆt. kfvf zfmfsj …Eft, zfv htt, `ytcb.' zfdm kfslv nfsK ytsk tfotfm. zk}iv zfmvf jfk rsq swfqf ˆj hAdÙÁv dbje si]ZYtfm. slJtfm, ziv ˆj hAdÙÁ kfv dbje ifKv dbsq lf]dVsq zfsY. sn kfv mfKfq ifKv dbs[i jvsY. Ist kfv mfKf Ifdesq sItsY. zfv ifKv odVsq nsv iVsY. kfviv zfhfv sn ifKvdev zbcnvB j'sv kf icbvfq dbsq

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 97

zfnsY. dIsv zfnsk bf zfnskƒ stfjdev mfKf zfsov mk icbvfq Hft rsq pfs¤Y. dIsv ˆsn zfhfv ˆjƒ zfyvB jvsY; pf iaKmhfv jsvdYt. (dkdb hstb,) zfdm nfKDäqsj httfm, `nchrfbfïfr! ˆef jD?' kfvf zfmfsj htt, `ytcb, ytcb.'

nckvfQ zfmvf ytsk tfotfm, kfviv dy{ rsq swfqf ˆj hAdÙÁv jfsY si]ZYtfm. ˆJfsbW slJtfm, kfv dbje ˆj hAdÙÁ stfrfv zf]jVf dbsq lf]dVsq zfsY. zfv sn kfv syrfvfv ˆjdlsj ˆsn ˆv äfvf kfv jw sKsj mfKfv diYsbv dlj ipG§À ˆhQ ˆjƒHfsh bfsjv dYû sKsj mfKfv diYsbv dlj ipG§À ˆhQ zbcv™iHfsh syfJ sKsj mfKfv diYb dlj ipG§À dysv sItsY. kfviv ‰ stfjde swfqf hAdÙÁv zivdlsj pfs¤Y ˆhQ iaKm dlsjv nfsK spv™i zfyvB jsvsY zbcv™i zfyvBƒ ziv dlsjv nfsKW jvsY. ‰ dlj rsk zhnv rsk bf rskƒ iaKm dljde zfsov mk Hft rsq pfs¤Y. kfviv zfhfv iaKm hfsvv mk zfyvB jvsY. (dkdb hstb,) zfdm httfm, `nchrfbfïfr! ˆvf jfvf?' kfvf zfmfsj htt, `ytcb, ytcb.'

nckvfQ zfmvf ytsk tfotfm ˆhQ (k¦lcv) yctfv mk ˆjde oskGv jfsY si]ZYtfm. (hBGbfjfvD hstb, zfmfv msb rq, spb dkdb htstb,) zfv snJfsb swfvsoft W bfbf wè dYt. zfmvf kfsk …]dj smsv slJtfm, kfsk shw djYc …tÌ bfvD-icv¢N vsqsY. zfv bDy sKsj dboGk zfÈsbv stdtrfb dwJf kfslvsj ±iwG jvsY. pJbƒ stdtrfb dwJf kfslvsj ±iwG jvsY, kJbƒ kfvf …¤yvsh dy{jfv j'sv …EsY. zfdm httfm, `ˆvf jfvf?' kfvf zfmfsj htt, `ytcb, ytcb.'

nckvfQ zfmvf ytsk tfotfm ˆhQ ˆjde blDv jfsY dosq si]ZYtfm. (hBGbfjfvD hstb, zfmfv pklCv msb isV, dkdb htstb,) blDde dYt vsÙÁv mk tft. zfv slJtfm, snƒ blDsk ˆj hAdÙÁ n]fkfv jfesY. zfv blDv kDsv ziv ˆj hAdÙÁ vsqsY ˆhQ sn kfv jfsY zsbjÈstf ifKv ˆjdÛk j'sv svsJsY. zfv ‰ n]fkfv-vk hAdÙÁ shw djYc[B n]fkfv jfefv iv snƒ hAdÙÁv jfsY dIsv zfnsY, sp kfv dbje ifKv ˆjdÛk j'sv svsJsY. snJfsb ˆsn sn kfv nfmsb mcJ Jcst dls¤Y ˆhQ ‰ hAdÙÁ kfv mcsJ ˆjde ifKv Tcdjsq dls¤Y. kfviv sn yst dosq zfhfv

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 98

n]fkfv jfesY ˆhQ zfhfv kfv jfsY dIsv zfnsY. zfv pJbƒ dIsv zfnsY kJbƒ ‰ hAdÙÁ kfv mcsJ ifKv Tcdjsq dls¤Y. zfdm kfslvsj dusÎn jvtfm, `ˆvf jfvf?' kfvf htt, `ytcb, ytcb.'

nckvfQ zfmvf ytsk tfotfm ˆhQ ˆmb ˆjub jc{dnk hAdÙÁv jfsY ˆsn si]ZYtfm, pf skfmfv lxdósk nhGfdLj jc{dnk hst msb rq. zfv slJtfm, kfv dbje vsqsY zfÈb, pf sn u¶ftfs¤Y W kfv yfdvdlsj Ycse shVfs¤Y. zfdm kfslvsj dusÎn jvtfm, `‰ stfjde sj?' kfvf htt, `ytcb, ytcb.'

nckvfQ zfmvf ytsk tfotfm ˆhQ ˆjef nhcu-wAfmt hfofsb ˆsn …id²¿k rtfm. snJfsb hns§Àv nh vjsmv Ict vsqsY zfv hfofsbv mfsU ˆk shwD lDOGjfq ˆjub icv¢N vsqsY, zfjfsw pfv mfKf spb zfdm slJskƒ ifd¤Ytfm bf. zfhfv slJtfm, kfv yfvdlsj ˆk shwD idvmfB hftj-hfdtjf vsqsY, pk shwD idvmfB zfv jJsbfW zfdm sldJdb. zfdm kfslvsj httfm, `…db sj? ˆvf jfvf?' kfvf zfmfsj htt, `ytcb, ytcb.'

nckvfQ zfmvf ytsk tfotfm ˆhQ ˆjef dhwft (hfofb hf) ofsYv dbje dosq …id²¿k rtfm. ˆmb hV ˆhQ nc¦lv (hfofb hf) ofY zfdm zfv jJsbf sldJdb. kfvf zfmfsj htt, `ˆv …isv yVcb.' zfmvf …isv yVtfm. swN ipG§À snfbf-v™ifv ƒ]sev ³kvD ˆjde wrsv dosq zfmvf …id²¿k rtfm. zfmvf wrsvv lvufq si]ZYtfm ˆhQ lvuf Jctsk httfm. zfmfslv ubA lvuf Jcst slWqf rt. zfmvf kfsk iashw jvtfm. kJb snJfsb jkj stfj zfmfslv nfsK nf[f{ jvt, pfslv zsLGj wvDv ˆk nc¦lv dYt, pk nc¦lv kcdm slsJY, kfv sKsjW zdLj. zfv zsLGj wvDv ˆk jc{dnk dYt pk jc{dnk kcdm slsJY, kfv sKsjW zdLj. nfKDäq Wslvsj htt, `pfW ‰ blDsk dosq sbsm iV.' zfv snef dYt nciaw²À iahrmfb blD. kfv ifdb spb LiLsi nflf. Wvf kfsk dosq sbsm iVt. zk}iv Wvf zfmfslv jfsY dIsv ˆt. slJf sot, kfslv ‰ jcwaD v™i lCv rsq sosY ˆhQ kfvf Jchƒ nc¦lv zfjxdkv rsq sosY. (dkdb hstb,) kfvf zfmfsj htt, `ˆef ufâfsk zflXb ˆhQ Wef zfibfv hfn²¿fb.' (dkdb hstb,) …isvv dlsj zfmfv

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 99

lxdó sost, slJtfm LiLsi nflf smsOv mk ˆjde iafnfl vsqsY. kfvf zfmfsj htt, `‰ef zfibfv hfnoxr.' (dkdb htstb,) zfdm kfslvsj httfm, `zfïfr skfmfslv mfsU hvjk dlb, zfmfsj sYsV lfW; zfdm ˆsk iashw jdv.' kfvf htt, `zfidb zhwAƒ ˆsk iashw jvshb. ksh ˆJb bq.'

zfdm httfm, `zfdm vfsk zsbj dhn¹qjv hAfifv slJsk sitfm, ˆÈstfv kf{ipG jD?' kfvf zfmfsj htt, `zf¤Yf zfmvf zfibfsj hst dld¤Y. ‰ sp iaKm hAdÙÁsj pfv jfsY zfidb si]ZYstb, pfv mfKf ifKv dlsq yCBG-dhyCBG jvf rd¤Yt, sn rt ‰ hAdÙÁ sp jcvzfb oarB j'sv---kf huGb jsv. zfv Ivp bfmfp sYsV Ocdmsq Kfsj.

zfv ‰ hAdÙÁ pfv jfsY dosq slJstb sp, kfv jw sKsj mfKfv diYsbv dlj ipG§À ˆhQ ˆjƒHfsh bfsjv dYû sKsj mfKfv diYsbv dlj ipG§À ˆhQ zbcv™iHfsh syfJ sKsj mfKfv diYb dlj ipG§À dysv sItf rd¤Yt. sn rt ‰ hAdÙÁ sp njfst zfib Ov sKsj shv rsq ˆmb dmKAf hst, pf ykcdlGj YdVsq isV.

zfv sp njt …tÌ bfvD-icv¢N pfvf (k¦lcv) yctf nlxw oskGv zHA§Àsv vsqsY, kfvf rt hAdHyfvD-hAdHyfdvBDv lt.

zfv ‰ hAdÙÁ pfv jfsY si]ZsY slJstb sp, sn blDsk nf]kfv jfesY W kfv mcsJ ifKv Tcdjsq slWqf rs¤Y sn rt nClsJfv.

zfv ‰ jc{dnk hAdÙÁ sp zfÈsbv jfsY dYt ˆhQ zfÈb u¶ftfd¤Yt zfv kfv yfvifsw Ycse shVfd¤Yt. sn rt mfstj (dIdvñf); ufrfâfsmv lsvfof.

zfv ‰ lDOGjfq hAdÙÁ dpdb hfofsb dYstb. dkdb rstb ƒhafrDm �. zfv k]fv yfvifsw sp hftj-hfdtjfvf dYt, Wvf rt kfvf, pfvf (ƒntfmD) iajxdk dbsq mxkcAhvB jsvsY.«

hfvj¶fbDv hBGbfq zfsY, ªWvf kfvf, pfvf (ƒntfmD) iajxdk dbsq u¦moarB j'sv (mxkcAhvB jsvsY).« kJb djYc nQJAj mcndtm dusÎn jvstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! mcwdvjslv dwð-n§ÀfbvfW dj (snJfsb zfsY)?' vfnCtcïfr � htstb, ªmcwdvjslv dwð-n§ÀfbvfW (snJfsb zfsY).

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 100

zfv ‰ nh stfj pfslv zsLGjfQw zdk nc¦lv W zsLGjfQw zdk jc{dnk dYt, kfvf rt ‰ n©ialfq pfvf n{-zn{ …Hq iajfsvv jfu dmdwakHfsh jsvsY. zfïfr kfslvsj [mf j'sv dlsqsYb.« (hcJfvD 1386bQ)

zfècïfr dhb …mfv � hstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ dYt, pJb sn öi slJk, kJbƒ kf vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv dbje hBGbf jvk. nckvfQ zfdmW zfwf jvtfm sp, pdl zfdm sjfb öi´ slJkfm, kfrst kf bhD �-ˆv dbje hBGbf jvkfm. zfdm dYtfm bhA kv¢B. vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv pcso zfdm mndusl wqb jvkfm. ˆjlf ösi slJtfm, spb lc'ub dIdvwXkf zfmfsj Lsv dbsq slfpsJv dlsj sostb. slJtfm kf spb jcqfv ifV h]fLfsbfv mskf ifV h]fLfsbf ˆhQ jcqfv mskfƒ kfv lcde J]cde vsqsY. zfv kfsk vsqsY ˆmb stfj, pfslvsj zfdm dydb. nckvfQ zfdm `zf†pc dhïfdr dmbfâfv' htsk tfotfm. zk}iv zbA ˆj dIdvwXkf zfmfslv nfsK dmdtk rstb ˆhQ zfmfsj htstb, `Hq sisqf bf.' (hcJfvD 1121, mcndtm 6525bQ)

13. mc'dmbslv nis[ pcsÝ zQw oarB iasqfusb dIdvwXkf mc'dmbslv lst spfolfb j'sv pcÝ jsvb ˆhQ

kfslvsj pcsÝ zdhydtk vfsJb. mrfb zfïfr hlv pcsÝ iaycv nQJAj dIdvwXkf dlsq nfrfpA jsvdYstb. dkdb hstsYb,

}9�4Y4دB�5!�4j:;4<=9���9#אE!�Qd�:|4 �+78P�4�5!�oE�:"�B+7;:��9��9i96B��:Y�B+7;F 9�4�96 �5%ن�9B�9-�BذG'{)�٩�(� �ªn¹vB jv, pJb skfmvf skfmfslv iadkiftsjv dbje njfkv iafKGbf

jsvdYst, zfv dkdb kf jhct j'sv (hst) dYstb, zfdm skfmfslvsj ˆj rfufv dIdvñf äfvf nfrfpA jvh, pfvf ˆsjv iv ˆj zfnsh.« (‚bXIft } 9)

dkdb zbAÛ hstsYb, }� �-B�9;5�7ون9 B+7;V�9�:�� �א��</9 �%7XF-�:Yא �jV�4ذ:"� B+56�:"9و� �B�9�4 � �א��</5 5+789�9�9�� B�:X:�9١٢٣(و� �-7X9%ل�5) BذG'

4 ;�B+7":ن�5$L;9$�#:�:"�9�4A4!BC5��4��9�4�9IA5!�4j:;4<=9���9#אE!�Q�:S2�4j9�:�9�4 �+7;P 9��B+78F�4�)١٢٤�(��:�9

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 101

�9#E!� Q�S2� 4j9�B�9w4 � +7;P 9�� B+78B4د�B�5$� ��9U9א B+4�G�B%:Y� #E!� �و9$9|-78%5+ �و%7XF69-9א �-5�4�B�9وא 'Gن9�4!E%9�5!�4j:;4<=9��2ل����אن)��١٢٥(}א���%�� �

ªdbÇyq hlsvv pcsÝ zfïfr skfmfslvsj nfrfpA jsvdYstb, kJb skfmvf dYst rDbht. nckvfQ skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv, pfsk skfmvf jxkÎkf iajfw jv. (n¹vB jv) pJb kcdm dhÇhfdnoBsj hstdYst, `pdl skfmfslv iadkiftj dkb rfufv siadvk dIdvñf äfvf skfmfslvsj nfrfpA jsvb, kfrst dj skfmfslv ubA kf psKó rsh bf?' zhwAƒ, pdl skfmvf ³LpG Lv ˆhQ nfhLfb rsq yt, kfrst kfvf la¢kodksk skfmfslv …iv zfÛÁmB jvst skfmfslv iadkiftj if]y rfufv (dhswNv™si) dydrÁk dIdvñf äfvf skfmfslvsj nfrfpA jvshb.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 123-125)

mrfbhD � hlv W …ùl pcsÝv dlb nfrfhfoBsj hstdYstb, )4�B�90��4":د9א��7א/B :�9��4/4�9�:Y�G9�4"س �pU4Z2�5@$G�B�4q9א�U9�.(� �

ªˆ rstb duhvDt, k]fv sOfVfv mfKfq rfk svsJ zfsYb. k]fv slsr zfsY pcsÝv nvÓfm.« (hcJfvD 3995, 4041bQ)

mrfb zfïfr …ÙÁ nfrfspAv spZdÙÁjkf hBGbf j'sv hstsYb, }G'�5/>�9�9:/�5א��q��9!9א��</�9و�FنG'�4/>�4א���A4��B#4!�VSG'�5�B�FAو9!9��א��B+7;5 %7�7O�4/4 �F#4�9�~964�9و��9�B�5 �VS

p+ 4;9)�pI$GI9�{)ل)��١٠�Lא�����%�� �ªzfïfr ˆef jsvsYb sjht skfmfslvsj ðH nQhfl slWqfv ubA

ˆhQ ˆ …sÜswA pfsk skfmfslv dyÙ iawfd§À tfH jsv. zfv nfrfpA skf ðLc zfïfrv dbje rskƒ zfsn. dbÇyqƒ zfïfr mrfivfÛÁmwftD iaÎfmq.« (‚bXIft } 10)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, }�4�%7�7O� o4Y� o4X�7|9�� �%5A9!2א 9#$4UVא�� �%56E�9�:Yא B+7;9�9!� oE�:"� 4j:;4<=9��א� �:�G'� :KP 9�� o4)%5$� BذG'

B�:ق�9א�B%:Y%5א� G�BW�:Y�9�B�F5وא�א���:L:8�9#$4UV9�نא�A9 �F@78�B+5,BA4!%5א� G�BWو9א�G9�قA{)ل)��١٢�Lא���� �ªn¹vB jv, pJb skfmfslv iadkiftj dIdvñfosBv iadk iakAfslw

jsvb, dbÇyq zfdm skfmfslv nfsK zfdY. nckvfQ skfmvf dhÇhfdnoBsj zdhydtk vfJ. pfvf zdhÇhfn jsv, zfdm zdysvƒ kfslv r™lsq zfkË

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 102

ias[i jvh. nckvfQ kfslv OfsVv …iv zfOfk jv ˆhQ zfOfk jv kfslv nhGfsÌ.« (‚bXIft } 12)

}�GI$GI9��א� �א��</4 4�A4�� B#4!� VSG'�5�B�FAא�� �و7�7O�F#4�9�~964�9% 5;7+� �4/4و9!9� B+7;:���9�B�5 � VSG'� �א��</5 5/:�9�9q��9!9و�G+ XA9:�%5�4א�4 �9#E!��Y9�:N�9 :~X9א�L:8�9#$4UV:�5وא)�١٢٦(א4;90�:Y�B+5,964�;9$�B9£>�9�4�4":وZ�{)�١٢٧(� �

ªzfv ˆ (nfrfpAsj) skf zfïfr skfmfslv ubA ncnQhfl jsvsYb, pfsk skfmfslv mb wfd§À ifq ˆhQ nfrfpA wcLc ivfÛÁf§À iaÎfmq zfïfrv dbje sKsjƒ zfsn. ˆƒ ubA sp, dkdb zdhÇhfnDslv ˆj zQwsj dbdÇyrÁ zKhf tfdÒk jsvb; Ist kfvf zjxkjfpG rsq dIsv pfq.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 126-127)

dIdvwXkfv sOfVf r]fjfsbf ˆhQ jfsIvsj yfhcj mfvfv wè nfrfhfoB ðsbsYb. hlv pcsÝ mcndtmslv ˆj zfbnfvD hAdÙÁ mcwdvjslv ˆj hAdÙÁv diYsb LfWqf jvdYt. rEf{ sn kfv …isv yfhcsjv wè ðbsk sit ˆhQ zw¶fsvfrDv wè (sOfVf r]fjfsbfv wè) ðbsk sit, `zoanv rW rfƒpCm.' zk}iv sn mcwdvjsj kfv nfmsb slJsk sit, sn dy{ rsq isV sot. t[A jvt, mcwdvsjv bfj dh[k rsqsY ˆhQ kfv mcJmàt dY]sV sosY. spb yfhcsjv zfOfk isVsY, Ist icsvfef nhcu (hf jfstf) rsq sosY. zfbnfvD ˆsn bhD �-sj Oebf Jcst htst dkdb htstb,

�»�4j9�4��F�4א���9��F9�9د�4א��!�B#4!�:K4�9�9ذkO9�91«.� �ªdEj hstY, ˆ dYt kxkDq zfnmfb sKsj nfrfpA.« (mcndtm 4687bQ) dIdvwXkf zbA pcsÝW wvDj rsqsYb. J¦lsjv pcsÝ k]fslv wvDj

rWqfsj mrfb zfïfr mcndtmslv iadk ˆjde dbqfmk W zbcoar hst …sïJ jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,

}�B+G,B :�9�� �9A�9�B�:|:Y� p5%دA5q� B+7;B-��9q� BذG'� B+7;B :�9�� 4/Vא��� :j9�B�4�� �אذ5�78Bوא �%5A9!2א 9#$4UVא�� �9,P$:"� �9$��و5A5q9%د[א���B+V-9�9و9�B��و89:�ن�9א��7�9�B�9-��9�4 �5/V%نJ4�9 �9[א G�{)�٩�(����א�(Iא%�� �

ªsr mc'dmboB! skfmvf skfmfslv iadk zfïfrv zbcoasrv jKf ±mvB jv, pJb wÛ¢hfdrbD skfmfslv dhv¢sÝ nmfok rsqdYt ˆhQ zfdm Wslv

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 103

dhv¢sÝ UV ˆhQ ˆmb ³nbAhfdrbD siavB jsvdYtfm, pf skfmvf slJsk ifWdb. zfv skfmvf pf jv, zfïfr kfv laóf.« (‚rXpfh } 9)

…ÙÁ zfqfsk zlxwA ³nbA hst dIdvwXkfsj hcUfsbf rsqsY. spsrkc rflDsn ˆsnsY sp, vfnCtcïfr � J¦lj sKsj dIsv ˆsn z²Ã bfdmsq svsJ sofnt jvst duhvDt � ˆsn dbu mfKf sKsj Lcstf UfVsk UfVsk k]fsj htstb, ªzfidb z²Ã bfdmsq svsJsYb? zfïfrv jnm! zfmvf vfdJdb. Wslv dlsj shv rsq ytcb. bhD � htstb, ªjfslv dlsj?« duhvDt � hfbC jcvfƒpfv iadk ƒdÌk jvstb. (hcJfvD 4117, mcndtm 4697bQ)

nckvfQ k]fvf shv rsq sostb. zfbfn � hstb, `zfdm spb hfbC ofbXsmv odtsk duhvDt-hfdrbDv (omsb …dÚk) Lcstf …Vsk slJdY, pJb vfnCtcïfr � hfbC jcvfƒpfv dlsj ytsk tfostb.' (hcJfvD 4118bQ)

dj§Â hkGmfsb bhD hAdksvsj dj jfsIvslv dhv¢sÝ pcsÝv ubA mrfb zfïfr dIdvwXkf zhkDBG jvshb?

rqskf zsbsj htshb, `zfu HD srf suf ƒhafrDm nf „mf] iqlf,

zfo jv njkD rAfq zf¦lfsp Èdt²Àf] iqlf.' zfmvf hdt, `zfïfrsk pfv iCBG „mfb sjfKf sn mcntmfb?' 14. vfnCtcïfr �-sj dIdvwXkfv nQv[f ƒntfsmv ðv¢sk pJb jfsIvvf vfnCtcïfr �-sj mfvsk yfƒk zKhf

jó dlsk yfƒk, kJb dIdvwXkf k]fv iadkv[f W v[Bfsh[B jvskb. ˆjlf zfhC ufrXt htt, `skfmfslv nfmsb dj mcrf©mfl dbu syrfvf

mfdesk vfsJ?' htf rt, `r]Af.' sn htt, `tfk-…pXpfv jnm! zfdm pdl kfsj kf jvsk sldJ, kfrst kfv OfsV if svsJ lth. zKhf kfv syrfvfsj mfdesk vosV slh.' zk}iv ˆj nmq sn vfnCtcïfr �-ˆv jfsY ˆt, kJb dkdb bfmfp iVdYstb. sn k]fv OfsV if svsJ ltfv ƒ¤Yf jvt. dj§Â zj±mf{ stfsjvf slJt, sn iÇyflXil rsq dIsv zfnsY ˆhQ dbu lcƒ rfk dlsq dbsusj h]fyfhfv syóf jvsY. kfvf kfsj jfvB duÎfnf jvst sn htt, `zfmfv W Wv mfsU zfÈsbv idvJf,

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 104

dhHDdNjf W i[vfdu dYt.' vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb, ªW pdl zfmfv dbjehkGD rskf, kfrst dIdvwXkf Wv zÌ-iakAÌsj dYâ-dhd¤Yâ j'sv dlskb.« (mcndtm 7243bQ)

15. sbj mc'dmbslv nQv[f W kfslvsj

dhilmcÙÁjvsB dIdvwXkf jJsbf jJsbf mrfb zfïfr bhD YfVf sbj mc'dmbslv v[fv ubA

dIdvwXkf siavB jsv Kfsjb. spmb mf rfsuvf W ƒnmf„stv v[fv ubA duhvDtsj siavB jsvdYstb.

ƒhsb zfêfn � hstb, ƒhafrDm � ƒnmf„stv mf (rfufv; pf hfQtfq iadnÝ rfsuvf) W k]fv lcsLv dwð ƒnmf„tsj nsÌ dbsq jf'hf Osvv dbje ˆhQ pmpsmv …isv ˆjde hV ofsYv kst (hkGmfb) mnduslv nhsysq …]yc ufqofq k]fslvsj vfJstb. kJb mÄfq bf dYt ubmfbh, bf dYt sjfb ifdb. nckvfQ snJfsbƒ kfslvsj svsJ sostb ˆhQ ˆjde Kstv msLA djYc sJucv zfv ˆjde mwsj ö¬i idvmfB ifdb dlsq sostb. kfviv ƒhafrDm � dIsv spsk tfostb. kJb ƒnmf„stv mf kf]v diYc diYc Ycse ˆsn htstb, `sr ƒhafrDm! zfmfslvsj ˆmb ˆj …ikAjfq sYsV dlsq zfidb sjfKfq pfs¤Yb, spJfsb bf zfsY sjfb nÌD-nfKD zfv bf zfsY zbA djYc?' dkdb hfvQhfv ˆ jKf htsk Kfjstb. dj§Â ƒhafrDm � sndlsj ë™s[i jvstb bf. kJb rfsuvf kf]sj duÎfnf jvstb, `zfïfr dj zfibfsj ˆv ùjcm dlsqsYb?' dkdb …Ùsv htstb, `r]Af.' …Ùv ðsb rfsuvf htstb, `kfrst dkdb zfmfslvsj L¶Qn W hvhfl jvshb bf.' zk}iv rfsuvf dIsv ˆstb.

ƒhafrDm � yst sostb. idvswsN pJb dkdb (rfuCsbv jfsY) nfdbqAfr bfmj ²¿fsb ˆsn siZ]Ystb, spJfsb ²ÃD-icÛ zfv kf]sj slJsk ifd¤Ystb bf, kJb dkdb jf'hf Osvv dlsj mcJ j'sv lc'rfk kcst ˆƒ lczf jvstb, ªsr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfdm zfmfv djYc hQwLvsj It-IntrDb …ikAjfq skfmfv idhÛ oxsrv dbje hnhfn jvftfm; sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! pfsk kfvf bfmfp jfsqm jsv. nckvfQ kcdm djYc stfsjv z§Àvsj Wslv iadk zbcvfoD j'sv lfW ˆhQ Itfdl äfvf kfslv

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 105

uDdhjfv hAh²¿f jv; pfsk kfvf jxkÎkf iajfw jsv.« (nCvf ƒhafrDm 37 zfqfk)

(zk}iv ƒhafrDm � yst sostb.) ƒnmf„stv mf dwðsj lcL ifb jvfskb zfv dbsu ‰ mwj sKsj ifdb ifb jvskb. idvswsN ‰ mwsjv ifdb swN rsq sost dkdb dbsuW diifdnk rstb ˆhQ (‰ jfvsB hcsjv lcL ðdjsq pfWqfq) kf]v dwðicÛdeW diifnfq jfkv rsq iVt. dkdb dwðv iadk kfdjsq slJstb, (diifnfq) dwðde mfdev …iv YeXIeX jvsY. dwð icsÛv (ˆ jv¢B zh²¿fv) dlsj kfjfsbf kfv is[ nrA rd¤Yt bf. dkdb nsv iVstb ˆhQ kf]v zh²¿fb s[sÛv dbjekm ihGk drnfsh `n¶fIf'sj sistb. dkdb kfv …iv …sE lf]dVsq …ikAjfv dlsj mcJ j'sv ˆdlj Wdlj kfdjsq slJstb, jf…sj slJf pfq dj bf. dj§Â dkdb jf…sj slJsk sistb bf. kJb n¶fIf ihGk sKsj sbsm zfnstb. zk}iv pJb dkdb …ikAjfq si]ZYstb, kJb zfib divfsbv (mAfdÆv) dbsyv dlj kcst ˆjub waf§Àj½f§À mfbcsNv mk slZsV …ikAjf ifv rstb. zk}iv `mfvWqf' ifrfsV ˆsn kfv …isv …sE lf]Vfstb. zk}iv yfdvdlsj lxdóifk j'sv jf…sj slJfv syóf jvstb. dj§Â jf…sj slJsk sistb bf. (ˆƒHfsh dkdb ifrfVäsqv mfUJfsb) nfkhfv (zfnf-pfWqf) jvstb. ƒhsb zfêfn � hstb, bhD � hstsYb, ªˆ jfvsB (rsÏv nmq) rfuDosBv ˆƒ ifrfVäsqv msLA nfkhfv nfqD hf slZVfslZdV jvsk rq.«

ˆHfsh swNhfv pJb dkdb mfvWqf ifrfsVv …iv …Estb, kJb ˆjde zfWqfu ðbsk sistb. kJb dkdb dbsusjƒ htstb, `yci!' zk}iv dkdb jfb JfVf j'sv ‰ zfWqfu ðbsk tfostb. zfhfvW snƒ zfWqfp ðbsk sistb. kJb dkdb htstb, `skfmfv zfWqfu skf ðbsk sitfm. ˆJb pdl skfmfv jfsY nfrfspAv djYc Kfsj, ksh zfmfsj nfrfpA jv.' rEf{ dkdb pmpm spJfsb zhd²¿k snJfsb (duhaDt) dIdvñfsj slJsk sistb. dIdvñf k]fv ifsqv sofVfdt dlsq zKhf dbu Ffbf dlsq zfOfk jvstb. Ist (zfOfskv ²¿fb sKsj) ifdb iajfw sit. rfsuvf ˆv yfv ifsw dbu rfk äfvf hf]L dlsq kfsj rWspv v™ilfb

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 106

jvstb ˆhQ zÓdt Hsv kfv mwjdesk ifdb Hvsk tfostb. rfsuvfv Hvf swN rstW ifdb …Kst …Esk Kfjt.

ƒhsb zfêfn � hstb, bhD � hstsYb, ªzfïfr ƒnmf„stv mfsqv …iv jv¢Bf hNGB jv¢b. pdl dkdb pmpmsj (hf]L bf dlsq ‰Hfsh) sYsV dlskb. zKhf pdl dkdb zÓdt dlsq mwj bf Hvskb, ksh pmpm (jCi bf rsq) ˆjde iahrmfb UBGf rk.«

hBGbfjfvD hstb, zk}iv rfsuvf dbsu ifdb ifb jvstb ˆhQ dwð icÛsjW lcL ifb jvfstb. kJb dIdvñf kf]sj htstb, `L¶Qsnv sjfb zfwQjf jvshb bf. sjbbf, ˆJfsbƒ mrfb zfïfrv Ov vsqsY. ˆƒ dwð kfv dikfv nfsK dmst ˆde icbdbGmGfB jvshb. zfv zfïfr kf]v Jfn stfjsj L¶Qn jsvb bf.' ‰ nmq hfqkcïfr (zfïfrv Osvv idvkAÙÁ ²¿fbde) pmDb sKsj detfv mk …]yc rsq dYt. snafskv ifdb ˆst kfv Ffb-hfm dlsq hsq spk. (hcJfvD 3364bQ)

kInDv ƒhsb jfNDsv …dïdJk ˆjde sbj stfsjv jfdrbD ˆƒ swaBDv rsk ifsv. dkdb dlmfwXj sKsj pfhflfbD ipG§À J¤ysvv mfLAsm stfj hrsbv jfu jvskb. ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ k]fv J¤ysv nWqfv rsq ˆj lcoGm isK si]ZsY k]fsj htt, `ˆƒ iK Lsv yt, ˆef jfsY rsh.' dkdb htstb, `ˆ iK zfdm ˆJdkqfv jdv bf.' sn sufv dlsq htt, `hvQ ˆefƒ nQd[å vf²Àf.'

nckvfQ snƒ iK Lsvƒ ytsk tfostb. idvswsN ˆj ifKcsv ufqof W oHDv …ikAjfq ˆsn si]ZYstb. snJfsb mvf mfbcsNv jËft slJf pfd¤Yt. zj±mf{ sn k]fsj htt, `J¤ysvv tfofmef Lv, zfdm bfmh.'

nckvfQ sn sbsm jfiV Èdesq ˆjde Ycdv shv j'sv k]fsj rkAf jvsk …lAk rt. dkdb h]fyfv ubA kfv nfmsb sKsj iftfsk tfostb. dj§Â iK sjfKfq? dkdb Ffjfkdesj zfïfrv Hq sldJsq htstb, `kcdm J¤yv W kfv disE pf zfsY, nh oarB jv. zfmfsj sYsV lfW.'

sn htt, `W skf zfmfvƒ. zfdm skfmfsjW Jcb jvsk yfƒ.' dkdb zfhfvW zfïfrv Hq slJfstb ˆhQ wfd²ÀvW Hq slJfstb. dj§Â

sn n©mk rt bf.

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 107

idvswsN dkdb zfk¹nmiGB jvsk hfLA rstb ˆhQ htstb, `dEj zfsY, zfmfsj zhjfw lfW, zfdm lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp isV dbƒ.'

sn htt, `kfrst kfVfkfdV jv.' nckvfQ dkdb bfmfp iVsk l]fVfstb. dj§Â k]fv jcvzfb msb ˆt bf.

syóf nsÙ¶W Hsq spb nh …sV sosY. rqvfb W dbKv rsq l]fdVsq Kfjstb. zfv Ffjfk htsk Kfjt, `kfVfkfdV jv, kfVfkfdV jv.'

idvswsN mrfb zfïfr k]fv mcsJ ˆjde zfqfk iajfw jvstb, }�9 F!� p/:�G':"� GضB��א�|: ��:L:�5Z�B+7;7�9�Bi9$9و� 9�%Pא��� 5d4�;9$9و� �د9�9��5 �'Gذ9א F�:~B{5��א� 5� 4i5$�#F!:"

4 ���!5�V89U9-��Fون9�:O�4/V�٦٢(}א���(@�Aא����%�� �zKGf{, zKhf dkdb, dpdb zfskGv zfrhfsb nfVf slb, pJb sn k]fsj

Ffsj ˆhQ dhil-zfil lCvDHCk jsvb ˆhQ skfmfslvsj ixdKhDv iadkdbdL jsvb. zfïfrv nsÌ zbA sjfb …ifnA zfsY dj? skfmvf zdk nfmfbAƒ …islw oarB j'sv Kfj. (bfmXt } 62)

djYc[sBv msLAƒ …ikAjfv n©mcJ Hfo sKsj ˆjub sOfV-nWqfv hAdÙÁ hwGf rfsk k]fv jfsY …id²¿k rt. zsi[f bf jsv sn Ffjfkdesj hwGfdhÝ jvt. zfv nfsK nfsK sn mfdesk tcdesq iVt.

sbj stfjde sOfV-nWqfsvv jfsY ufbsk yfƒstb, `zfïfrv jnm! sj zfidb?'

sn htt, `zfdm k]fv lCk, ªdpdb zfskGv zfrhfsb nfVf slb, pJb sn k]fsj Ffsj ˆhQ dhil-zfil lCvDHCk jsvb.«

nckvfQ dkdb dbvfisl dbu J¤yv-nr hfdV dIvstb. htf hfùtA, dkdb dYstb ˆjub dIdvwXkf. zfv zfïfrƒ Hfstf ufsbb. (kInDv ƒhsb jfNDv û})

16. sbj stfsjslv ufbfpfq dIdvwXkfv zQwoarB ˆ hAfifsv nrfhD nf'l dhb mczfp �-ˆv ufbfpf iadnÝ. mrfbhD �

hstsYb, )��L�:"�95%ن�B�9��5�9�G,9�9�4،�و�9��F�5א�����:/�5אB�9��ش�5،�و9%B :"�5/:��Bk90467Y9א :tF�909-�T4UV9א�א�U�

5/BA9��9جE�7Y�F+5��jF�9W�F+5W�B�:X:��4j:;4<:�:�9#4א�!.(� �

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 108

ªˆƒ hAdÙÁ, pfv (mxkcAv) ubA zfvw jd©ik rsqsY, kfv ubA zfnmfsbv lvufnmCr Jcst slWqf rsqsY ˆhQ kfv ufbfpfq nÙv rfufv dIdvwXkf …id²¿k rsqsYb, kfsjW ˆjhfv sysi Lvf rsqsY. zk}iv mcdÙÁ slWqf rsqsY.« (nrDr bfnf„ 1942bQ)

nWqfv rsq ufbfpfv nfsK pfWqf dEj bq, spsrkc dIdvwXkf nsÌ Kfsjb. nWhfb � hstb, `ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt � sjfb ufbfpfv nfsK pfd¤Ystb. k]fv dbje ˆj nWqfvD siw jvf rst dkdb kfsk yVsk vfuD rstb bf. zk}iv sIvfv isK nWqfvD siw jvf rst dkdb kfsk nWqfv rstb. ˆ hAfifsv k]fsj duÎfnf jvf rst dkdb htstb, ªdIdvñfhoG ifsq sr]se pfd¤Ystb. kfƒ k]fvf ifsq sr]se pfshb zfv zfdm nWqfv rsq pfh, kf yfƒtfm bf. zk}iv k]fvf dIsv sost zfdm nWqfv rtfm.« (zfhc lf†l 2763, rfsjm 1/355, hfƒrfjD 4/23)

17. wrDlsj dIdvwXkfv dbu Ffbf äfvf Yfqflfb nfrfhD ufshv � hstb, `pJb zfmfv dikf (zfècïfr) ƒd§Àjft

jvstb, kJb zfdm k]fv syrfvf sKsj jfiV ndvsq j]flsk tfotfm. ˆ slsJ njst zfmfsj dbsNL jvt. dj§Â bhD � zfmfsj dbsNL jsvbdb. zk}iv bhD �-ˆv zfslwÛÁsm k]fv ufbfpf …Efsbf rt. ˆsk zfmfv IcIcc Ifskmf j]flsk wcv¢ jvstb. bhD � k]fsj htstb, ªj]fslf zKhf bf j]fslf, Wv tfw …Efsbf ipG§À dIdvñfhoG dbsuslv i[ äfvf Wsj Yfqf jsv svsJdYstb.« (hcJfvD 1167, mcndtm 4517, iamcJ)

18. dn¦lcj hrbjfvD dIdvwXkf mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}��F�E!��jF 4X9 9و�B+7;E F��#E!��j9A 4;9��4/ 4Y�5z%5 �F69;�5+7א� 4�4 G'�B+5,Pنj9$2�F:�!5�;�4/4":ن�4-|9$��B+5,:��9ل�:O9و4�B09-�95ون���}��5/7אG'�7j:;4<=9��ن�o4Y�FذG'�B+7;V��j9$[�:K4�9ن�t9�9-9�4A4!BCP!�+56A78:�2ل�5!5%���9و29ل9��5� �

zKGf{, kfslv bhD kfslvsj zfvW htt, `dbÇyq kf]v vfusk¶v nc±ió dblwGb ˆƒ sp, skfmfslv dbje ˆjde dn¦lcj zfnsh; pfsk zfsY skfmfslv iadkiftsjv i[ sKsj skfmfslv ubA iawfd§À ˆhQ djYc

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 109

idvkAÙÁ dudbn pf mCnf W rfv™sbv hQwLvoB svsJ sosY; dIdvñfoB snde hrb jsv zfbsh. dbÇyq ˆsk skfmfslv ubA dblwGb vsqsY, pdl skfmvf dhÇhfnD rW.' (hfj¶fvfr } 248)

ˆ dYt lf†l bhD �-ˆv pcsov Oebf. hfbD ƒnaf„tsj dblwGb slJfsbf rsqdYt, pfsk kfvf dbdÇyk rq sp, kftCk rt zfïfrv i[ sKsj dbhGfdyk vfuf.

19. mÄf-mlDbfsj lfÏft sKsj v[f jvsk iarvD

dIdvwXkf mfbcsNv ƒdkrfsn lfÏfstv dIkbf nhsysq hV W HDNB. kfsj

[mkf slWqf rsh, sn nfvf ixdKhD ëmB jvsh. dj§Â mÄf W mlDbf iashw jvfv zbcmdk slWqf rsh bf. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

�))4!�9� :��VSG'��9�G,4 �:XB�:"�B#4!�p�X9��9�B 9 �5�5C:~9א��FqF�لjV;9!�VSG'�5:�و9א�:�j9A$4:�؛�و�9:��VSG'�Q�:�9 �B#�Qz�:L9q9��9�:�9��7j9A$4�:�5א�d5qB�96:Y�،4j9w9�F��� �5لGIBA9 :Y�،��9�5,5�5�B09-�9��Y�91�7j:;4<:�:�4א�/B :�9�

78��9,BA4!�7��))�.�@4Y�:8�F��وG�Bw5$�،�f4Y�9A5!9ج�5א �ªmÄf W mlDbf hAkDk zbA nh wrsvƒ lfÏft iashw jvsh. mÄf W

mlDbfv dodvisK dIdvñfvf nfdvhÝHfsh lf]dVsq …ÙÁ wrväsqv iarvfq vk Kfjshb. lfÏft (mlDbfv dbje²¿) hftcmq stfbf udmsk zhkvB jvsh. sn nmq mlDbf dkbhfv sj]si …Esh. mrfb zfïfr snJfb sKsj iaskAj jfsIv W mcbfdIjsj shv j'sv slshb.« (mcndtm 7577bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, ):SG�9:;:�ن!�Q��9 �E@78��:�9��Q���5�B�5א4�9�� �Guא��FqF�ل9%B :"�7j9�B�9��QU4�9!B%9$��9,:��Gא�:j9A$4�9��5@�5אZB�9$�.(� �

ªmlDbfq mfnDr lfÏfstv zfkË iashw jvsh bf. sndlb kfv nfkde iashwiK Kfjsh. iaskAj iashwisK lcde j'sv dIdvwXkf (ifrfvf) Kfjshb.« (hcJfvD 1879bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, ��4א9,7�5ZB�9$�:S��j:;4<:�9!�4j9A$4�9����א�~V��5%ن�5وS9:�א��FqF�ل�5«��:XB�:"��:�9�«.� �

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 110

ªmlDbfv iashwiKnmCsr dIdvwXkf (ifrfvf) zfsYb, kfsk bf si½osvfo iashw jvsh, bf lfÏft.« (hcJfvD 1880, mcndtm 3416bQ)

20. dIdvwXkfv nfryspG „nf �-ˆv zhkvB bfWqfn dhb nfmzfsbv hBGbfq mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)�9+9$B�9!�9#B א� 9u �-9�9��:��א�:�4 7��'ذ�B �9�9�9א :K4�U:8�9%5���9�9AB 9�:Y�9��9A:א�� 9�BA4��5لGIBA9 :Y�،��4�G#B :;:�9!�4j904ABq:"��:�9��4/B VL:8���4Wو9א�،�G#B �9 9 5�B,9!�9#Bود9-9f�9!4د�Fo4OB�9��4��9{B �).א��9 �

ªlfÏft ˆv™i jmG-jfsà mo´ Kfjsh. ƒkAhnsv mrfb zfïfr kfzftf mnDr dhb mfvqAfm �-sj ixdKhDsk ifEfshb. dkdb lfsmsõv iCshG zhd²¿k sw¶k dmbfsvv dbje znG W ufIvfb dmdwak vsMv lcƒ h²Ã idvdrk zh²¿fq lc'ub dIdvñfv Ffbfsk rfk svsJ zhkvB jvshb.« (mcndtm 7560bQ)

21. wfm slswv …iv dIdvwXkfv Ffbf dhYfsbf pfql dhb nfshk zfbnfvD jkGxj hdBGk, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr � htstb,

ªwfsmv ubA jkƒ bf jtAfB! wfsmv ubA jkƒ bf jtAfB!« nfrfhfoB htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! kf sjb?' dkdb htstb,

)4/B :�9���9,96904ABq:"��j:~4��9 �#�B)Fא���:j:;4<:�9!�Fن�.(� �ªspsrkc lqfmq (zfïfr)v dIdvwXkf kfv …isv Ffbf dhdYsq

zfsYb.« (zfrmfl, dkvdmpD, rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr 503bQ) 22. dIdvwXkfv jKf W hf¦lfv jKf ˆjfjfv rst

sofbfr mfI mrfbhD � hstb, ªƒmfm pJb `ofƒdvt mfop¶Cdh zftfƒdrm ztfp

p¶f-ïDb' htsh, kJb skfmvf `zfmDb' ht. jfvB, dIdvñfhoG `zfmDb' hst Kfsjb. zfv�ƒmfmW `zfmDb' hst. (zbA ˆj hBGbf msk) ƒmfm pJb `zfmDb' htsh, kJb skfmvfW `zfmDb' ht. jfvB, pfv `zfmDb' htf dIdvñfhsoGv `zfmDb' htfv nfsK nfsK rq, (zbA� ˆj hBGbfq) skfmfslv sj… pJb bfmfsp `zfmDb' hst ˆhQ dIdvñfhoG zfjfsw

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 111

`zfmDb' hstb, zfv iv±isvv `zfmDb' htf ˆjƒ nfsK rq, kJb kfv iCshGjfv ifivfdw mfI jsv slWqf rq.« (hcJfvD 780-782, 4475, 6402, mcndtm, zfhC lf†l 932-933, 935-936, bfnf„, lfsvmD)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, )�9f:Yو9א�B#9!�5/F�G*:Y�5�B�90�א�:K:���9AF 9��F+5,V%7�%7א�א��X:Y�5�9�4�9)�B#9�4��5/V9�م�9 4�9��5א��!G*�ل�9א�:Oذ9א�G'

4/4�B�9ذ�B#4!�9مF�:X9-��9!�5/:��9�4L7M�4j:;4<�:�9��ل�9אB%:O�5/7�B%:O.(� �ªƒmfm pJb `nfdmzfïfù dtmfb rfdmlfr' hst, kJb skfmvf `vfêfbf

tfjft rfmXl' ht. spsrkc pfv jKf dIdvwXkfv jKfv nfsK rq, kfv iCshGjfv ifivfdw mfI rsq pfq.« (hcJfvD 796, mcndtm 940bQ)

dIdvwXkfv iadk mc'dmbslv jkGhA

dIdvwXkfv iadk „mfb zfbf „mfsbv däkDq v¢jXb. k]fvf mrfb zfïfrv msbfbDk hf¦lf. k]fv jfsY vsqsY k]fslv dhwft mpGflf. kfƒ iaskAj mc'dmsbv jfsY k]fvf waÝf W Hfstfhfnfv ifÛ. kfƒ k]fslv hAfifsv mcndtsmv vsqsY iftbDq jkGhA. dbsm kf ndhwl …dïdJk rt }-

1. k]fslvsj ofdt bf slWqf dIdvwXkfsj sjfbHfsh jó slWqf ³hL bq. k]fslvsj ofdt slWqf hf

k]fslv wfsb ˆmb jKf htf ³hL bq, pfsk k]fslv n©mfbrfdb rq. zfïfmf ncqCk¶D (vfdrmfùïfr) hstsYb, jfpD ƒqfp `wfIf' oas§¿ hstsYb,

nfrbCb hstsYb, `sp hAdÙÁ sjfb dIdvwXkfsj ofdt slsh, kfv wfd²À rt rkAf.'

zfhct rfnfb j¶fshnD hstsYb, sp hAdÙÁ zisvv ubA htsh, `Wv syrfvf spb sÛÁfLfd¦hk mfstsjv syrfvf.' zk}iv pdl ufbf pfq sp, sn dIdvwXkfv db¦lf jvsY, kfrst kfsj rkAf jvf rsh.

j¶fvfID mfstjD hstb, susb svsJf sp, iaskAj Hfviafå (mcndtsmv) ubA njt bhDv iadk waÝf vfJf Wqfsuh. klbcv™i njt dIdvwXkfv iadkW. sp hAdÙÁ k]fslv sjfb iajfv n©ëmrfdb jvsh, sn jfsIv rsq

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 112

pfsh. kfsk kf ƒdÌsk srfj zKhf ±ióHfsh srfj. nckvfQ pdl sj… jsEfv dysÙv mfbcsNv dlsj ƒdÌk jsv hst, `zmcj ufrfâfsmv v[D mfstsjv yfƒskW jsEfv-r™lq!' zKhf sjfb dhjxk syrfvfv jc{dnk mfbcN slsJ hst, `ˆ skf mcbdjv-bfjDsvv yfƒskW hDH{n!' kfrst sn jfsIv rsq pfsh. pdl dIdvwXkfv …ÙÁ ÈBfhtDsj kfd¤YtA jvf …sÜwA Kfsj. (zft-rfhfƒj 254ix})

2. zhfLAfyvB jsv k]fslvsj jó bf slWqf dIdvwXkfsj nh yfƒsk shdw sp dudbn jó slq, kf rt ififyvB,

jcIvD W dwjG. ˆƒ ubA dIdvwXkfv ubA mc'dmb hf¦lfv nh yfƒsk hV …irfv rt, sn zfïfrv zhfLAkf jvsh bf, k]fv dbqdmk ƒhflk jvsh ˆhQ k]fv sÛÁfL W svfN sKsj sh]sy Kfjfv iaqfn yfdtsq pfsh.

ˆƒ ubAƒ dIdvwXkf snƒ njt ²¿fsb iashw jsvb bf, sp njt ²¿fsb mrfb zfïfrv bfIvmfbD jvf rq, ˆmb dudbn ifWqf pfq, pf mrfb zfïfr ziY¦l jsvb. spmb mCdkG, Ydh ƒkAfdl.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, �»���9�%51�:S9و�p��:8�4/ 4Y��]6B 9 �7j:;4<:�9��5@�5אZB�9-�:S«.� �

ªzfïfrv (vrmskv) dIdvñfhoG sn oxsr iashw jsvb bf, sp oxsr jcjcv zKhf mCdkG hf Ydh Kfsj.« (hcJfvD 5958, mcndtm 2106bQ, dkvdmpD, bfnf„, ƒhsb mfufr)

�»�p9�9سq�:S9و�p��:8��9, 4Y�j:XY5��7j:;4<:�9���5�90אB�9-�:S«.� �ªsnƒ jfsItfv nsÌ (vrmskv) dIdvñf Kfsjb bf, pfsk jcjcv djQhf

OcMcv Kfsj.« (mcndtm 5668bQ) )7j:;4<9 �5+5,5א���X9-�S��j����:5�5A7®אن�5وא�967و�9א�;F5¥א��E�9{Gאن�:LB�FI�� �.(� �

ª(vrmskv) dIdvñfhoG dkb hAdÙÁv dbjehkDG rb bf; bfifj hAdÙÁ, sbwfoa²À (mfkft) hAdÙÁ ˆhQ JftCj (mdrtfslv ianfLb) mfJf hAdÙÁ.« (hfpXpfv, nrDr kfvoDh 167bQ)

zfhC lf†slv hBGbfq zfsY, dIdvwXkf jfsIsvv tfswvW dbjehkGD rb bf. (4180bQ)

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 113

3. mfbcsNv mcsJv osá dIdvwXkf jó ifb mfbcN pfsk jó ifq, dIdvwXkfW kfsk jó ifb. dhswN j'sv mfbcsNv

mcsJv osá ˆhQ bfmfspv zh²¿fq, spsrkc sn nmq k]fvf kfv mcsJv jfYfjfdY Kfsjb.

zftD � iamcJf{ hdBGk, dkdb l]fkb zfbsk zfslw dlsq htstb, zfïfrv vnCt � hstsYb, ªhf¦lf pJb bfmfp iVsk l×fqmfb rq, kJb dIdvñf kfv diYsb l×fqmfb rsq kfv dj¶vfzfk ðbsk Kfsjb. dIdvñf kfv dbjehkDG rb; idvswsN dkdb dbu mcJ kfv (hf¦lfv) mcsJ dmdtsq slb! Ist kfv mcJ rsk jcvzfsbv specjcƒ zQw shv rq snecjc zQwƒ dIdvñfv sise iashw jsv pfq. nckvfQ jcvzfsbv ubA skfmvf skfmfslv mcJsj idhÛ jv.« (hfpXpfv, nrDr kfvoDh 210bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, � »��F�4!��F969|:ذ-� :j:;4<:�9��א� FنG*:Y� �9�9�4iB�9!� F#9 9�X9$� :�:Y� �و9א�;F�7א�9 �و9א��P%م9 �א9�9��@9 9@:8:"� B#9!

��!5A9 �5/BA4%�2د9م�9F969|:ذ$«.� �ªsp hAdÙÁ (jf]yf) di]qfu, vnCb ˆhQ tDj ifkf Jfq, sn spb zhwAƒ

zfmfslv mnduslv dbjehkGD bf rq. sjbbf, dIdvñfoB snƒ dudbsn jó ifb, sp dudbsn zflm-n§Àfb jó ifq.« (mcndtm 1282bQ)

4. KcKc sIst dIdvwXkfsj jó slWqf dhswN j'sv bfmfsp bfmfpDv Ffb dlsj dhswN dIdvwXkf zh²¿fb jsvb.

kfƒ sn zh²¿fq KcKc sItfv iasqfub rst Ffb dlsj sItf pfsh bf. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)�5��V�9�5!�o4Y�9�9!9��د9אم/Vא���o4q�9A5$��9�F�G*:Y�5/9!�9!:"�Bf5�B�9$��:�:Y�4��:�Fא����:�G'�B+785�9):"�9م�:Oذ9א�G'Bf5�B�9 4�9$ �4/4A!�9:;��و9��B#9��FنG*:Y�4/4A 4�9$�B#9���:�99,5�وA4YB�9 :Y�4/4!9�:O�9kB09-�B�4":و�G��9�9$�B#9��.(� �

ªskfmfslv msLA sj… pJb bfmfsp l]fVfq, kJb sn spb kfv nfmsb KcKc bf sIst. jfvB sn kfv iadkiftsjv nfsK dbvftfq zftfi (mcbfufk) jsv; pk[B sn bfmfspv ufqofq Kfsj. kfv Ffb dlsjW

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 114

spb KcKc bf sIst, jfvB Ffsb Kfsjb ˆj dIdvwXkf. nckvfQ sn spb hfm dlsj KcKc sIst zKhf ifsqv dbsy sIst lfIb j'sv slq.« (hcJfvD 416bQ)

(ˆ dbslGw mfdev smsUv ubA.) 5. njt dIdvwXkfsj Hfstfhfnf mcndtm njt dIdvwXkfv iadk Hfstfhfnf vfsJ, k]fslv msLA sjfb

ifKGjA jsv bf. spsrkc k]fvf njstƒ mrfb zfïfrv sbj hf¦lf. k]fvf k]fv zfslw dbdäGLfq iftb jsvb, k]fv dbsNL nvt msb smsb ystb. nckvfQ k]fslv msLA sj… mcndtsmv hác, zfv sj… wÛ¢ bb. hvQ nhfƒ mc'dmsbv hác.

djYc ƒqfùlD zfstm bhD jvDm �-ˆv dbjse ˆsn htt, `zfidb pdl zfmfslv (iaswv) ndEj …Ùv slb, kfrst zfmvf „mfb zfbh. jfvB, bhD YfVfgkfv …Ùv sj… dlsk ifvsh bf.' dkdb pJb kfslv iaswv ndEj …Ùv dlsq dlstb, kJb kfvf htt, `zfibfv dbje zrD sj zfsb?' dkdb htstb, `duhaf„t.' ðsb kfvf htt, `duhaf„t skf zfmfslv wÛ¢. sn-ƒ skf pcÝ, rkAf ˆhQ zfpfh dbsq zhkvB jsv.' zfv ˆƒ hfrfbfq kfvf vnCt �-ˆv bhczksj smsb dbsk zöDjfv j'sv hnt. (Ifkùt j¶flDv)

mrfb zfïfr jcvzfb zhkDBG jvstb, }�4/B$9�9$�9#B 9 ��9�����OE�9�5!�4/>א���GنBذG*4 �:K4��:O��:�9��5/:�FI9��5/F�G*:Y�9@$G�B�4i9#�8:�ن5�9��9و�א���!�B@7O

5��4���9�B�5 9و������</�4و9!9=>4;:�4/46و9��4/4�5�5وG�B�4q9$@�9و9!4 ;:�ل�9)�٩٧(�9�4A4!BCو�5�9[ !9#�8:�ن5�9��9و�א9#$G�4Y�:;����?א��</5�9��9و�FنG*:Y{)�٩٨�(��Xא�����%�� �

ª(sr bhD!) ht, `sp duhaf„stv wÛ¢ rsh sn susb vfJcj, sn (duhaf„t) skf zfïfrv dbslGwÛÁsm skfmfv r™lsq jcvzfb si]ZsY slq, pf kfv iChGhkDG djkfh (LmGoa§¿)nmCsrv nmKGj ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv ubA pf iK ialwGj W ncnQhfllfkf.' sp zfïfr, k]fv dIdvñf (lCk)osBv, vnCt (siadvk icv¢N)osBv, duhaf„t W mDjf„stv wÛ¢ rsh, sn susb vfJcj sp, dbÇyqƒ zfïfr zdhw¶fnDslv wÛ¢.« (hfj¶fvfr } 97-98)

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 115

� �jfsIv-Ifsnjslv s[sÛ

dIdvwXkfv HCdmjf iCshGv hù zfstfybf sKsj ˆ jKf ±ió rsqsY sp, jfsIv-Ifsnjslv

s[sÛ dIdvwXkfhsoGv jD HCdmjf rsk ifsv. dIdvwXkfhoG mc'dmbslvsj Hfstfhfsnb, zkAfyfvD W zivfLD jfsIv-Ifsnjsj Hfstfhfsnb bf. hvQ kfslvsj OxBf jsvb W kfslv ubA zfpfh dbsq zhkDBG rb. kfslv r™lsq zfkË W Ûfn nxdó jsvb ˆhQ mc'dmbslv nis[ sKsj kfslv dhv¢sÝ pcÝ jsvb.

ˆJfsb kfslv iadk dIdvwXkfv zfsvf djYc jkGhA dhhxk rt }- 1. jfsIvslv …iv zfpfh zhkDBG jvf pJbƒ sjfb bhDsj k]fv n©ialfq dmKAfÎfb, zdhw¶fn W zöDjfv

jsvsY ˆhQ kfvf kfsk zet sKsjsY, kJbƒ mrfb zfïfr dIdvwXkfv mfLAsm kfslv …iv zfpfh zhkDBG jsvsYb.

2. dIdvwXkfv mfLAsm tCk bhD �-ˆv jWsmv L¶Qn tCk � sp ufdkv iadk siadvk rsqdYstb, kfvf dYt ˆmb zivfLD,

sp zivfL dYt ixdKhDsk iaKm ˆhQ kf dYt iajxdkdhv¢Ý jmG W dhjxk v¢dyv hdr}iajfw. kfvf dYt sofisb W iajfswA nmjfdmkfv sbwfq dhsHft. bhDv dbsNL nsÙ¶W kfvf dhvk rstf bf. idvswsN mrfb zfïfr ivD[f öv™i nclwGb kv¢sBv v™si jdkiq dIdvwXkf siavB jvstb bhDv jfsY. bhD k]fslvsj smrmfb v™si hvB jvstb. kJbW k]fslv hAfifsv k]fv ufdkv jfsY Jhv dYt bf. dj§Â k]fv ²ÃD spsrkc öfmDv iadkjCst dYt, snsrkc sn nc¦lv kv¢B smrmfbslv jKf hfƒsvv stfjsj Jhv j'sv dlt. kJb kfvf nk¶v snƒ kv¢Bslv nfsK nmjfdmkfq dtå rWqfv ubA tCk �-ˆv Osv …id²¿k rstf. dkdb kfslvsj hcUfhfv W hfLf slWqfv syóf jvstb, dj§Â kfvf dYt lclGm lc°jxkD. idvswsN dIdvwXkf dbsuslv zfk¹idvyq dlsq kfslv …dyk wfd²Àv hAh²¿f jvstb. mrfb zfïfr

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 116

jcvzfb mfuDslv jsqj ufqofq snƒ rkHfof ufdkv jKf …sïJ jsvsYb. kfv msLA ˆj ufqofq hstsYb,

�o4���N%7���9A7�5�5��B+G,4 �9و9W9�ق�B+G,4 �9ذ9{�Bz9��9q��F�:�9و�p� 4�9��pمB%9$9א�U9��9ل�:O9و���B�)٧٧�(�o4-�9A9 �4�S5C9��GمB%:O��9$�9ل�:O�4z�9�E F7�9%ن�9א���B�9$8�5:��%5א�@B�:O�B#4!9�4و/B :�G'�95�9%ن�B,5$�5/5!B%:O�5�9��9q9و

�p@5q9��B+7;BA4!�9�B :�:"�o4LB 9W�o4Y�o45و�IBw5-�S9و�:�4�9 �%7XF-�:Y�B+7;:��5�9,N:"�F#5��pא�א�O:��%7א�)�٧٨(�5�$G�5���9!�5+:�B�96:�� :KF�G'9و�§f9)�B#4!�:K4-�9A9 �o4Y��9A:���9!�9kB�4�9��B�:X:�)٧٩�(�B+7;4 �o4��Fن:"�B%:��9ل�:O

�Q�$4�9��#85���:�G'�TG2و�Bو:"��F%7O)٨٠�(5@5�5���F�G'�7%7א�$9���7%ط��:O:KB :�G'%7�4�9$א��B#:��:KE 9��....{� �ªzfv pJb zfmfv dIdvñfvf tCskv dbje …id²¿k rt, kJb sn

kfslv hAfifsv dy§Àfd¦hk rt ˆhQ kfslv jfvsB kfv r™lq nËcdyk rsq sot. zfv htt, `zfusjv dlbde zdk jdEb.' zfv kfv n©ialfq kfv jfsY Ycse ˆt ˆhQ kfvf iChG rsk jcjmG jsvƒ zfndYt; tCk htt, `sr zfmfv n©ialfq! (skfmfslv Osv) zfmfv ˆƒ jbAfvf vsqsY, ˆvf skfmfslv ubA idhÛkm. zkˆh skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv ˆhQ zfmfsj zfmfv smrmfbslv hAfifsv tfdÒk jsvf bf. skfmfslv msLA dj sjfb Hfstf mfbcN sbƒ?' kfvf htt, `kcdm dbÇyq ufsbf sp, skfmfv ˆƒ jbAfÈdtsk zfmfslv sjfb iasqfub sbƒ, zfv zfmvf dj yfƒ, kfW kcdm zhwAƒ ufsbf.' sn htt, `rfq! pdl skfmfslv …iv zfmfv wdÙÁ Kfjk, zKhf zfdm sjfb lxP ²Às©Hv (wdÙÁwftD lstv) zfwaq dbsk ifvkfm.' kfvf htt, `sr tCk! zfmvf skf skfmfv iadkiftj siadvk (dIdvñf), Wvf jJbƒ skfmfv dbje si]ZYsk ifvsh bf.« (rCl } 77-81)

ƒhsb jfNDv hstsYb, (‰dkrfdnjoB) …sïJ jsvsYb sp, duhvDt � dbsuv Ffbf dlsq kfslv syrfvfq Ufie mfvstb. Ist kfvf zá rsq sot. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}G�5U5�9و�o4 9אU9%7א��O5وU:Y�B+5,9A5 B�:"��9AB�9�:~:Y�4/4LB 9W�#9��59אو9د5و���B�:X:�9�٣٧(}و�(��Xא����%�� �ªkfvf kfv dbje rsk kfv smrmfbslv hAfifsv Icntfsk tfot,

kJb zfdm kfslv syfsJv lxdówdÙÁ dYdbsq dbtfm (ˆhQ httfm,) `zföflb jv zfmfv wfd²À ˆhQ nkjGhfBDv idvBfm!« (j¶fmfv } 37)

zk}iv tCk �-sj dIdvwXkf dbslGw dlstb,

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 117

���96�9$�S9و�G@B Vא���B#4!� ~4X4 �:K4�B�:|4 �G�B�:|:Y�����9,5� 4��5!�5/�F�G'�:K�9-:"9�B!א�VSG'�p�9):"�B+7;BA4!�Bk4L�����������Q��$G�:X4 �5uB�P�9א����B :�:"�5uB�Pא���B+5�9�4�B%9!�FنG'�B+5,9 �91:"��9!)٨١�(����������9A�9�9q���9�5�B!:"�9���9q���F�:�:Y

���������Q5%د{BA9!�@ Ei4��B#4!��9��9i4)��9,B :�9���9�B�:~B!:"9�4:,9��وY�9���9,9 �9�KE 9:�و9!9�����)�٨٢(�4��9�BA4��j9!F%9�5!Q� 4�9�4 �9�4�4��Vא���B#4!�9o4�{)�٨٣(� �

ªzkˆh kcdm vfdÛv sjfb ˆj Hfso dbsuv idvhfvhoGsj dbsq (zbAÛ) yst pfW. skfmfslv sj… spb diYsbv dlsj dIsvW bf slsJ, dj§Â skfmfv ²ÃD bq, kfv …isvW ‰ (zfpfh) zfnsh, pf zbAfbAslv …isv zfnsh. kfslv (wfd²Àv) dbLGfdvk nmq rt iaHfkjft; iaHfk dj dbjehkGD bq?' zk}iv pJb zfmfv ùjcm ˆsn si]ZYt, kJb zfdm ‰ HC-Jsàv …idvHfosj bDsy j'sv dltfm ˆhQ kfv …iv ÛÁmfok Ufmf ifKv hNGB jvtfm. pf dhswNv™si dydrÁk jvf dYt skfmfv iadkiftsjv dbje; zfv ‰ (ubil)Èdt ˆƒ pfstmslv dbje rsk shwD lCsv bq.« (rCl } 81-83)

��3. jfsIvslvsj zdHwfi slWqf dIdvwXkf jfsIvslvsj iY¦l jsvb bf. …iv§Â k]fvf kfslvsj

zdHwfi slb, spsrkc kfvf zfïfrv lcwmb, k]fv vfnCstv lcwmb ˆhQ mc'dmbslv lcwmb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�9:� �7j�9AB�:��B+G,Bא��<�/�4و9אG'���������9��ن�Fא�L:8�9#$4UV:�5وא�و���9{��:K�4�:7و�"�p���VL78�B+�5�99�-%5א�و!���Gس��FA�4و9א�j�:;4<=9�4�9�Bq:"{)�١٦١�(��Xא�����%�� �

ªdbÇyq pfvf zdhÇhfn jsv (jfsIv) ˆhQ zdhw¶fnD (jfsIv) Kfjf zh²¿fq mfvf pfq, kfslv …iv zfïfr, dIdvñfoB ˆhQ njt mfbcsNv zdHn©ifk.« (hfj¶fvfr } 161)

}���������������5+5����9q9و�?f�9)�9�5%ل�Fא���F5وא�":ن�G,�9�9و�B+G,4���9ºG'�9��B�9 5وא���:L:8��]!B%:O�5/>א���T4�B,9$�9dB :8�������9�4�4��Vم�9א��B%:X�א�T4�B,9$�:S�5/>�5و9א��z�9AE �9:� j�9AB�:��B+G,B:�א��<�/�����������4)�٨٦(א9����Fن:"�B+5�5²29I�9q�:K�4�:�B7و"

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********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 118

ªdhÇhfsnv iv W vnCtsj nkA hst nf[Alfb jvfv iv ˆhQ kfslv dbje nc±ió dblwGb zfnfv iv sp n©ialfq nkA iakAfJAfb jsv, (sn n©ialfqsj) zfïfr djv™si n{iK ialwGb jvshb? zfïfr nDmftQObjfvD n©ialfqsj n{iK ialwGb jsvb bf. ˆ njt stfsjv iadkIt ˆƒ sp, ˆslv …iv zfïfr, dIdvñfoB ˆhQ njt mfbcsNv zdHwfi!« (‚st ƒmvfb } 86-87)

ðLc jfsIvƒ bq, hvQ ifdiô Ifsnj mcndtmslvsjW k]fvf zdHwfi jsv Kfsjb. spmb }-

(j) ùVjf smsq ˆmb ²ÃD, sp öfmDnQnoG iY¦l jsv bf. öfmDv Jfq-isv, dj§Â kfv rj

zflfq jsv bf. zfv kfv nhsysq hV rj rt dhYfbfv rj, spZb-nQnsoGv rj. ˆƒ ubAƒ mdrtf kfv …id²¿k öfmDv zbcmdk YfVf bIt svfpfW vfJsk ifsv bf. dj§Â hù rkHfdobD dnulfspfoA sn mfbcNdev jlv hcsU bf. Ist jcjcsvv Ofn ifrfvf slWqfv mskf kfv öfmDv spZbncsJ hfLf nxdó jsv. ƒdÌsk FfjstW zfsn bf, ±ió htstW vfdu rq bf. sjfb ˆjef Wuv dlsq diYt sjse pfq. Wdlsj öfmD vfofd¦hk zh²¿fq vfdÛ jfefq. spZb-kfVbfq zdkô rsq uDhbpfib jsv. ˆmb smsqv iadk zfïfr zn§Âó rb, kfv shsrwXkD nkDbvf kfv ubA hÜczf jsv. zfv dIdvwXkfhoG kfv iadk zdHwfi jsvb, spmb kfv öfmDW kfsj zfuDhb tfbk slq.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, �»�7j:;4<:�9��9��א,B69A9�:���9,B 'Gذ9א�د9�9��א��5qF@�5א!9�4Y��:�G'�5/9-:"9�Bא�9�B{:M�9z�9�:Y�4/4-|9-�B+:�:Y�4/4�ن�9��9:

�9u4�B�5-��F69)«.� �ªpdl sjfb hAdÙÁ kfv ²ÃDsj dbu dhYfbfq Ffsj ˆhQ sn bf zfsn,

zk}iv sn (öfmD) kfv iadk vfofd¦hk zh²¿fq vfk jfefq, kfrst dIdvñfoB kfsj njft zhdL zdHn©ifk jvsk Kfsjb.« (hcJfvD 3237, mcndtm 3614bQ)

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, �»�9u4�B�5-��F69)�7j:;4<:�9��9��א,B69A9�:���9,4qB9�4אش�9ز9وY��9�4q�9��7�:"B�9���4אk9-�9 ذ9א�G'«.� �

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 119

ªpJb ²ÃD dbu öfmDv dhYfbf kAfo jsv (zbAÛ) vfdÛpfib jsv, kJb dIdvñfhoG njft ipG§À kfsj zdHwfi dlsk Kfsjb.« (mcndtm 3611bQ)

zfv ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªsnƒ zfïfrv jnm, p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY! sjfb öfmD kfv ²ÃDsj dbu dhYfbfv dlsj zfrhfb jvfv iv sn zfnsk zöDjfv jvst dpdb zfjfsw zfsYb dkdb (zfïfr) kfv iadk zn§Âó Kfsjb, sp ipG§À bf öfmD kfv iadk n§Âó rsq pfq.« (‰ 3613bQ)

nfLfvBk} ˆƒ swaBDv rkHfoA smsqvf spZb dhNsq wDkt rq zKhf …iidkv jfsY shdw spZbkxdå ifq.�

(J) sp sjfb stfrfv z²Ã dlsq mcndtsmv iadk ƒdÌk jsv }

sp sjfb Ystƒ srfj, sjfb mcndtsmv dlsj z²Ã kcst Lvf pfsh bf. spsrkc kfsj rkAf jvf dhwft hV ifi. nckvfQ kfv dlsj rkAfv ƒdÌk jvfW hV ifi. sjbbf rkAf jvfv ƒ¤Yf bf KfjstW kfsk mcndtm Hfƒsj n§Ã²À jvf rq. ˆmbW rsk ifsv sp, wqkfsbv ±iswG kfv rfk InXsj spsk ifsv ˆhQ dbsmsN kfsj zfOfk jvsk ifsv. dhswN j'sv hkGmfb pcsov zfLcdbj sjfb z²Ã äfvf ƒdÌk, pf [cû Hct hf mxlc ±iswGv jfvsB zsefsmdej yftc rsq zfOfk rfbsk ifsv.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, ��":(�F@9�:��B+785�9א�«�G�B�9$�:S�5/F�G*:Y�G}:�E���4 �4/ 4Z:"��:�G'�B+785�9):"�5J4�5$�:S��4Y�5عGIBA9$�9ن�:~B F�

�G��FA�9#4א�!�Q�9�L5)��4Y�5 :X9 :Y�4�4�9$«.� �ªskfmfslv sj… spb kfv sjfb Hfƒsqv iadk z²Ã …sÙftb j'sv

ƒwfvf bf jsv. sjbbf, sn ufsb bf rqskf wqkfb kfv rfsk LfÄf dlsq slsh, Ist (mcndtm rkAfv zivfsL) sn ufrfâfsmv oskG dbidkk rsh.« (hcJfvD 7072, mcndtm 6834bQ)

mcndtsmv ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, dkdb hstb, �»�4/E!7"9�4و/ 4 :��5��9Z:"�98:�ن�BنG'9و��F69)�5/5A9��9-�:j:;4<:�9��א�FنG*:Y�Q�9�$4�904 �4/ 4Z:"��:�G'�9��9�:"�B#9!«.� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ kfv (mcndtm) Hfƒsqv iadk sjfb stZrlà (stfrfv z²Ã) äfvf ƒdÌk jsv, sn hAdÙÁsj dIdvñfhoG zdHwfi jsvb; pk[B bf sn

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 120

kf sIst dlsqsY. pdlW sn kfv dbsuv nsrflv Hfƒ srfj bf sjb.« (‰ 6832bQ)

zKGf{, nsrflv Hfƒ rWqfv lv¢b rkAfv ƒ¤Yf dh¦lcmfÛfW bf Kfjcj sjb.

(o) sp hAdÙÁ sjfb nfrfhDsj ofdt slq sjfb nfrfhDsj ofdt slWqf mrfifi. kfv …iv njstv tfbk.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, )B#9!�F�9��o4 �90B1:"�4/B :�9�:Y�7j9AB�:��4/V�4א��j:;4<�9��و9א�،�Gس�FA�9�4�9و9א��Bq:"(.� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfv nfrfhfsj ofdt slsh, kfv …iv zfïfr, dIdvwXkf W njt mfbcsNv zdHwfi.« (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 12709bQ)

snƒ bfmLfvD mcndtmslv n©isjG zfibfv jD LfvBf rsk ifsv, pfvf nfrfhDsj ofdt slWqf dbsuslv äDb W nWqfshv n{ jfu msb jsv?! (tfzfbfùmcïfr.)

(O) zfïfrv dhLfb hf²Àhfqsb hfLflfbjfvD ƒntfmD wvDqk mfbcsNv ubA uDhb-nQdhLfb. ˆƒ nQdhLfsbv sjfb

Lfvf hf²Àhfqb jvsk sp hfLf hf zytkf nxdó jvsh, kfv …isvW njstv tfbk.

sj… ƒ¤Yfjxk mfbcN Jcb jvst, kfv dhLfb rt, Jcsbv hlst Jcb. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ sn dhLfb hf²Àhfqsb hfLf nxdó jvsh, kfv ubA mrfbhD � hstsYb,

)9AB�:��4/B :�9�:Y�5/9AB �7jא��و9א�:�:>�4j:;4و9א�FA�س�Gو�B�9��9@467O�B#9!9א�X:Y:%9د�B#9�:Y�4/B$9�9$�5(9�ل�9 9 �5/9ABو9 99�4�9�Bq:"(.� �

ªsp hAdÙÁ ƒ¤Yfjxk (JcbD äfvf) Jcb rsh, snƒ JcbDsj Jcsbv hlst Jcb jvf rsh. zk}iv sp hAdÙÁ JcbD W lsàv mfsU hfLf rsq l]fVfsh, kfv …iv zfïfr, dIdvwXkf W njt mfbcsNv zdHwfi.« (zfhC lf†l, nrDr bfnf„ 4456, nrDr ƒhsb mfufr 2131bQ)

htf hfùtA, sp hAdÙÁ dbsuv il, iaHfh-iadkidÙ hf zKG-n©il äfvf zfïfrv ˆjde dhLfb hf²Àhfqsb iadkháj rsq l]fVfsh, kfv …iv tfbk

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 121

W zdHwfi. kfrst sp hAdÙÁ mrfb zfïfrv icsvf dhLfb W idviCBG wvDqk hf²Àhfqsb z§Àvfq rsq l]fVfsh, kfv zh²¿f zbcsmq.

(M) sp hAdÙÁ lc°jmG hf dhlzfk jsv zKhf lc°jxkD hf dhlzfkDsj ufqof slq }

sp hAdÙÁ lc°jmG jsv, zfïfrv äDsb nDmftQOb jsv, k]fv wvDqsk zbfyfv nxdó jsv, bkcb djYc zfdh°jfv jsv zKhf ˆmb stfjsj dbsuv Yfqfkst zfwaq slq, kfsj iawaq slq, Kfjsk ufqof slq, kfv nrspfdokf W ixôsifNjkf jsv, sn zdHwå.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, �»�4/V�7א��j9AB�:��4/B :�9�:Y��]�4�B05!��!�4/4�L9���:�9�:Y��]�9�9)�9�9�B):"�B#9و�9�9�B):"�B#9!9(�9�9[��":و2�Bو9

�9�4�9�Bq:"�Gس�FA�4و9א�j:;4<:�9��و9א«. ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb dhlzfk hf lc°jmG jvsh, kf kfv dbsuv …iv hkGfsh.

sp hAdÙÁ sjfb iajfv dhlzfk (zfdh°jfv) jsv zKhf sjfb dhlzfkD stfjsj zfwaq slq, kfv …iv zfïfr, k]fv dIdvñfm×tD ˆhQ nm²À mfbcsNv zdHwfi.« (zfhC lf†l 4532, n} bfnf„ 4412bQ)

zbAfbA ²¿fsbv yfƒsk mlDbfv mfb vsqsY …s¤y. snJfsb pdl sj… sjfb lc°jmG jsv zKhf dhlzfk vybf jsv, kfrst snW zbcv™i zdHwå. djqfmsk kfv Ivp-bIt sjfb iajfv ƒhflk oarBspfoA rsh bf.

mrfbhD � hstsYb, ))������������4/�B :�9�:Y�،���4�B05!��4 ,9��(�9�9��،�":و2�Bو9Y�9�9�B):"�B#9�:Y�،��B%9���:�G'��B 9��9#B 9 ��9!�p�7(9�9مj9A$�:א�

4 YB�91�4j9!�9��و�7j9AB�:�SB�9��:S9א��4و9א�:�:X�5$9%م�9א�/BA4!�7��))�.>�4j:;4و9א�FA�س9�X9$�:S�،�9�4�9�Bq:"�G@�5א �ªzfƒv sKsj nWv ipG§À mlDbfv rfvfm-nDmf. ˆJfsb sp hAdÙÁ (LmDGq

dhNsq) zdHbh djYc (dhlzfk) vybf jvsh hf dhlzfkDsj zfwaq slsh, kfv …iv zfïfr, dIdvñflt ˆhQ njt mfbcsNv zdHwfi. djqfmskv dlb zfïfr kfv sjfb Ivp W bIt ƒhflk jhct jvshb bf.« (hcJfvD 6755, mcndtm 3393bQ)

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 122

(y) sp hAdÙÁ mcndtsmv slWqf dbvfiÙfsh hfbyft jsv } »�������������9�:Y�،���4�B�5!�9�:LBZ:"�B#9�:Y�،�B+5��9�B��9 9,4��":د�B�9$�،���9�4)�9��4و9א�B�7�7א�jF!4����4ذ� �7j9AB�:��4/Bא:�

�SB�9��:S9و��YB�91�4j9!�9 4X�5$9%م�9א�/BA4!�7��.»و9א�:�>�4j:;4و9א�FA�س9�X9$�:S�،�9�4�9�Bq:"�G@�5א �ªnm²À mcndtmslv iadkwa¢dk W dbvfiÙflfsbv mpGflf ˆj. kfslv

sjfb dbmswaBDv mcndtm (jf…sj zfwaq ialfsbv) jfu jvsk ifsv. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ mcndtsmv ‰ jfusj hfbyft jsv, kfv …iv zfïfr, dIdvñf W njt mfbcsNv tfbk. djqfmskv dlsb zfïfr kfv sjfb Ivp W bIt ƒhflk jhCt jvshb bf.« (‰)

(Y) sp isvv hfisj dbsuv hfi hst lfhD jsv ˆhQ dbsuv hQw zöDjfv jsv }

mrfbhD � hstb, »����:�G'��9�Fאد�G#9!9���������������4وj�:;4<:�9���4و9א/�V�7א��j�9AB�:��4/�B :�9�:Y�4/ �G�B!9%9א�4:M��:�G'��9�96Bא��G�4":و/ 4 :"�G�B :M�

�SB�9��:S9و��YB�91�4j9!�9 4X�م�9אB%9$�5/BA4!�5/V9@�5א���X9$�:S�9�4�9�Bq:"�Gس�FAو9א�«.� �ªsp hAdÙÁ isvv hfisj dbsuv hfi hst lfhD jsv zKhf kfv

(öfLDbjfvD) iaHc YfVf zbA iaHcv iadk nìá ucsV, ˆmb hAdÙÁv …iv zfïfr, dIdvñfmàtD ˆhQ nmoa mfbhmàtDv zdHwfi. zfïfr djqfmskv dlb kfv dbje sKsj sjfb bIt zKhf Ivp ƒhflkƒ oarB jvshb bf.« (mcndtm 3393, 3867bQ)

(u) sp hAdÙÁ mlDbfhfnDslv iadk zkAfyfv W kfslvsj n§Ã²À jsv }

mrfbhD � lczf j'sv hstsYb, )F+5,V�4":�@��9:�:+#�9!�9א��j9A$4�:5+�א�,:Y�Z:"9�5و/L4Z:|:Y�4/ ��سGא�FAو4j�9;:>�4:א�:و�9א��7j9A�:��4و�9�9:Bq"9�4���:S�5$9�X5@�4!/A�91p���9و:S�9ل��.(� �

ªsr zfïfr! sp hAdÙÁ mlDbfhfnDslv iadk zkAfyfv jsv ˆhQ kfslvsj n§Ã²À jsv, kcdm kfsj n§Ã²À jv. zfv kfv …iv zfïfr, dIdvñfmàtD ˆhQ nmoa mfbhmàtDv zdHwfi. kfv dbje sKsj bIt-

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 123

Ivp sjfb ƒhflkƒ jhCt jvf rsh bf.« (k¶fhfvfbDv zfWnfk¶ W jfhDv, dn} nrDrfr 351bQ)

(U) zkAfyfvD, sö¤YfyfvD W lcbGDdkivfqB sbkf } mrfbhD � hstsYb,

א�!B$9�7O�o4Y�9�B��،�!9��د9א!%5א�'Gذ9א�א�B�56B(%5�4א��9(%5�4א�،�وG'9ذ9א�(9;:�%5א��%7�9��9א�،����������'Gن9U9��Fא���( �7j9AB�:��4/Bא��و9א�4j�:;4<:�9��و9א��FA�س�����������������5:�9�:Y�،�B+5,BA4!�:K4ذ��B@9�L9$�B+:��B#9�:Y�،9~%7א��O:"%5�9א��:Oذ9א�G'9و

9%�YB�91�5/BA4!�5@9�X5$�:S�،�9�4�9�Bq:"pلB�9��:S(.� �ªˆƒ sbkxk¶ Kfjsh jcvfƒwslv mfsU. pk[B kfslv jfsY lqf dH[f

jvf rst kfvf lqf jvsh, dhyfv jvst ƒbnfI jvsh, dhkvB jvst bAfqHfsh jvsh. kfslv msLA sp kf jvsh bf, kfv …iv zfïfr, dIdvñfmàtD ˆhQ nmoa mfbhmàtDv zdHwfi. kfv dbje sKsj bIt-Ivp sjfb ƒhflkƒ jhCt jvf rsh bf.« (zfrmfl, zfhC qAf'tf, k¶fhfvfbD, dn} nrDrfr 2858bQ)

4. dIdvwXkf kfslvsj OxBf jsvb, pfslvsj zfïfr OxBf

jsvb mrfbhD � hstsYb,

X:Y�،�9@$G:�ل�����������9((�� 4q��9�9��9א�د��F�9):"ذ9א�G'�&�9�9-��'��5/�4�B)|Y���:�7Y�P�4)7"�o،����:�'ن�FאP�405 :Y�����5�7%لX9 :Y�،�4��9�F�³א����T4�9�دA5$�F+��،�5@$G 4q�5/�:����،�5�%P�4):|�:Y����:�7Y�P��405$�:�'ن�Fא

����������9@$�B�4q��9�9א�د�B�9��9¢9�B "ذ9א�G'9و�،�Gض� P�405/�5":�@�5א���9�F��5/��5 9W%5$�F+��،�4א�X:�5%ل�³�5א�::Y 7X9%ل���5:Y�،�:���5/B{4�B |:Y����7Y�5¢4�B 7"�o��'�.����������4���Fא����G@B�:"�³�T49�دA5$�F+5��5@$´4q�5/5{4��5 :Y�:

�GضB��))�.'ن�Fא�:���5 9W%5-�F+5��،�5�%5{4�B |:Y����7Y�5¢4�B�5$:/�5א��B�9}9���³�5א�: �ªzfïfr pJb sjfb hf¦lfsj Hfstfhfsnb, kJb dkdb duhvDtsj sFsj

hstb, `dbÇyqƒ zfdm zmcjsj Hfstfhfdn, zkˆh kcdmW kfsj Hfstfhfn.' kJb duhvDtW kfsj Hfstfhfnsk tfsob. zk}iv dkdb zfjfwhfnDslv msLA sOfNBf j'sv slb sp, `zfïfr zmcj hf¦lfsj Hfstfhfsnb. jfsuƒ skfmvfW kfsj Hfstfhfsnf.' kJb zfjfwhfnDvf

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 124

kfsj Hfstfhfnsk tfso. zk}iv ixdKhDskW kfsj oarBspfoA jvfv hAh²¿f j'sv slWqf rq.

zfv zfïfr kfzftf pJb sjfb hf¦lfsj OxBf jsvb, kJb dkdb duhvDtsj sFsj hstb, `zfdm zmcjsj OxBf jdv, zkˆh kcdmW kfsj OxBf jv.' kJb duhvDt kfsj OxBf jvsk tfsob. zk}iv dkdb zfjfwhfnDslv msLA sOfNBf j'sv slb sp, `zfïfr zmcj hf¦lfsj OxBf jsvb. jfsuƒ skfmvfW kfsj OxBf jv.' kJb zfjfwhfnDvfW kfsj OxBf jvsk tfso. zk}iv ixdKhDskW kfsj OxBA jvfv hAh²¿f j'sv slWqf rq.« (hcJfvD 3209, mcndtm 6873bQ)

5. jfsIvslv dIdvwXkf slJsk yfWqf jfsIvvf vnCtsj zdhw¶fn jvk, zfv dhw¶fsnv dhdbmsq ˆhQ vnCstv

nkAkfv iamfB öv™i kfvf dIdvwXkf slJsk yfƒk. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�X:���9AF 9:��4א�96�B;�5�9وא����������{��9�9��B�7":وj:;4<�:�9��9��אAB وO9:�ل�9א�5qB�9$��:��9#$4UV%ن�:X4��9��GI�7"��:�B%:���9ل�9��9:9����������B%9$)�٢١(�B+G,4�7L�:"�o4Yو�%565��B%969�9א�J4�:8[א�������B��5 ���:��:j�:;4<�:�9��ن�9אBم�9$9�9وB%9$����9�4!G��Bi5�����QU�4�9!

%5�[אiB0F!א�]�Bi4)�97%�7%نX9$9ن)��٢٢(}و�O�Lא����%�� �ªpfvf zfmfv nf[f{ jfmbf jsv bf, kfvf hst, `zfmfslv dbje

dIdvñf zhkDBG jvf rq bf sjb? zKhf zfmvf zfmfslv iadkiftjsj sldJ bf sjb?' Wvf Wslv z§Àsv zrQjfv sifNB jsvsY ˆhQ Wvf Èv¢kvv™si nDmftQOb jsvsY. spdlb kfvf dIdvñfslv iakA[ jvsh, sndlb zivfLDslv ubA sjfb ncnQhfl Kfjsh bf ˆhQ Wvf htsh, `v[f jv, v[f jv.« (Icvj¶fb } 21-22)

spdlb dIdwXkfv lwGb rsh, sndlb skf kfslv ubA hV zðH dlb. spdlb k]fvf kfslv ubA zfpfh dbsq zhkvB jvshb. zKhf mxkcAv nmq Odbsq zfnsh W iafB jØfok rsh.

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 125

zbAfbA nxdóv s[sÛ dIdvwXkfv HCdmjf

iCshGv zLAfqÈdtsk mfbcsNv hAfifsv dIdvwXkfv dhdHâ HCdmjf dbsq zfstfybf jvf rsqsY. dj§Â snÈdtskƒ k]fslv jkGhA swN bq. hvQ ˆ dhwft dhsw¶v hù lxwA W zlxwA uosk k]fslv sp dhdHâ HCdmjf vsqsY, zfmvf ˆJb kf ufbfv syóf jvh.

1. zfvw hrb mrfb zfïfrv zfvw nfvf nxdóv nh yfƒsk hV nxdó. pf nfvf nxdó W

zfjfwmàtDsj …iv sKsj idvshób jsv zfsY. lqfmq zfïfr kfv …isv nmfnDb zfsYb. snƒ zfvwsj zfeub dIdvwXkf hrb jsv zfsYb. (mcJkfnfv¢t …tc 75ix}) mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}��j9 4��9�9��QU4�9!B%9$�B+5,:OB%:Y�:KE 9��9qB�>9,4��وB�9��5@4�B09$9ش�9:"��:�9��7K:�9���١٧(}و9א�(jO��א� �ªdIdvñfoB zfjfswv iaf§Àslsw Kfjsh ˆhQ sndlb zfeub sIsvñf

skfmfv iadkiftsjv zfvwsj kfslv †sL¶G LfvB jvsh.« (rf-Äfr } 17) zsbsj hstsYb, `ˆ nQJAf djqfmskv nmq. hkGmfsbv

zfvwhrbjfvD dIdvwXkfv nQJAf rt yfv.' dj§Â ˆ jKfv sjfb nrDr ltDt sbƒ. sp nQJAf djqfmskv nmq, sn nQJAf hkGmfsbW.

k]fslv dhwftk¶ n©isjG mrfbhD � hstsYb, �»�4j:�9�9)�B#4!�4/V�4א��j:;4<:�9!�B#4!�QK:�9!�B#9��9�E�9)7"�B�4"7ذ4ن��4��9":نj9�B09��9#B 9 ��9!�FنG'�GشB�9��א

�.»"7ذ9��4j9<�4�4�B�9��7�9J4�9!�4/4X4-�9���:�G'�4/4�5�م� �zKGf{, zfvw hrbjfvD dIdvwXkfmàtDv zbAkm dIdvwXkf nìsá

hBGbf dlsk zfmfsj zbcmdk slWqf rsqsY sp, k]fv jfsbv tdk sKsj j]fL ipG§À mLAhkGD ²¿fsbv lCvk¶ rt nfkw hYsvv iK. (zfhC lf†l 4729, dn} nrDrfr 151bQ)

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 126

2. ifrfsVv lfdqk¶ ifrfV-ihGk dbq§ÃsBv jfsuW dIdvwXkf dbpcÙÁ zfsYb. lfWqfskv jfsu mÄfq hfLfiafå rsq mrfbhD � hV zfwfhflD rsq

kfsqI nIv jvstb. snJfsb si]ZsY nfjDI sofsÛv stfjdlosj ƒntfsmv dlsj zfrhfb jvstb. dj§Â lc}sJv dhNq sp, snJfsbW dkdb kfslv dbje sKsj ŠÝkA, hAÌ-dhû™i W jó YfVf zbA djYc sistb bf. snJfsb dkdb (10 zKhf) 30 dlb zh²¿fb jvstb. idvswsN kfvf k]fsj ifKv Y]csV zfOfk jvt. ˆmbdj kfsk k]fv ifsqv sofVftDäq vÙÁfÙÁ rsq sot. ˆ[sB dkdb mÄfq dIsv zfnfv dnÝf§À dbstb. dIvfv isK dkdb kfsqI sKsj 3 mfƒt lCsv zhd²¿k ˆj zfÌcsvv hfofsb zfwaq dbstb ˆhQ snJfsb lcƒ rfk kcst ˆj iadnÝ lczf jvstb.

dkdb hstb, ªzfdm kfsqI sKsj ia²¿fb jvtfm. sn nmq zfdm dblfv¢b shlbf W lcdÇy§Àfoa²À dYtfm. `j¶fvbcN Nfzfdth' (hkGmfsb zfn-nfƒtct jfhDv; pf dvqfp W kfv ifw¶GhkGD ˆtfjfv stfsjslv mDjfk)-ˆ ˆsn idviCBG ³ykbAiafå rƒ. mfKf kcst …iv dlsj kfdjsq sldJ, ˆjJà smO zfmfsj Yfqf jsv zfsY. t[A jsv sldJ kfsk duhvDt � vsqsYb. dkdb zfmfsj zfrhfb ufdbsq htstb, `zfibfv n©ialfq zfibfsj pf hstsY ˆhQ zfibfv iadk sp lchGAhrfv jsvsY, zfïfr kfv nhdjYcƒ ðsbsYb W slsJsYb. ˆ[sB dkdb ihGk-dbq§ÃBjfvD dIdvñfsj zfibfv dJlmsk siavB jsvsYb. zfidb Wslv hAfifsv k]fsj pf ƒ¤Yf dbslGw ialfb jv¢b.' zk}iv ihGk-dbq§ÃBjfvD dIdvñf zfmfsj zfrhfb ufdbsq nftfm dlsq htstb, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfibfv n©ialfq zfibfsj pf hstsY dbÇyq zfïfr kf ðsbsYb. zfv zfdm ihGskv dIdvñf. zfibfv iadkiftj zfmfsj zfibfv dbje siavB jsvsYb. zfidb Wslv hAfifsv zfmfsj pf ƒ¤Yf kfƒ dbslGw dlb. pdl zfidb yfb sp, zfdm mÄfv lcƒ ifrfVsj ˆjdÛk jsv Wslvsj disN L¶Qn jsv dlƒ, kfrst kfƒ rsh.' dj§Â zfdm httfm,

�»��]�B 9��4/4 �7tG�B�5$�:S�5�9�B)9�9و/V�5�5א���B�9$�B#9!�B+G,4 :�B1:"�B#4!�5/Vج�9א��G�Bw5$�B5%�":نqB�:"�B@9 «.� �

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 127

ªbf, hvQ zfdm ˆƒ zfwf jdv sp, zfïfr ‰ ufdkv ixôslw rsk ˆmb hQwLv nxdó jvshb; pfvf ˆjmfÛ k]fvƒ ƒhflk jvsh ˆhQ k]fv nfsK zbA jf…sj wvDj jvsh bf. (hcJfvD 3231, mcndtm 4754bQ)

3. smO-hxdó, …dßl W v¢pD dbq§ÃB mDjf„t � hxdó W …dßl dbq§ÃsBv jfsu dbpcÙÁ zfsYb. k]fv nrspfoD

dIdvwXkf-nr mrfb iadkiftsjv dbslGw iftsb k]fvf dbvk Kfsjb. iaHcv ƒ¤Yfmskf hfkfn W smO idvyftbf jsvb.

vf'l bfmj ˆj dIdvwXkfW smO idvyftbfv jkGhA iftb jsvb. mrfbhD � hstsYb,

��$5�9%ق�5 4,��(�9��B#4!�5f$G��9w9!�5/9�9!�4��90F��� �p@V89%5!��א���4j:;4<:�9!�B#4!��K:�9!�5�B�Fא��9(9 ��5�B���9א��0Fא��.(� �

ªvf'l zfïfrv dIdvwXkfnmCsrv msLA ˆjub dIdvwXkf. k]fv nfsK zfsY zfÈsbv yfhcj. kfv äfvf dkdb smO idvyftbf jsvb spdlsj zfïfr yfb.« (dkvdmpD 3117bQ)

nckvfQ k]fv ƒ¤Yfmskf sjfKfW hxdó rq, sjfKfW rq bf. zsbj nmq ˆjƒ ˆtfjfq jfYfjfdY ufqofq ˆj ²¿st hxdó rq, ifswv ²¿st rq bf. jJsbf k]fsj dbdlGó zfslw jvf rq, `zmcsjv hfofb dndÑk jv.'

vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb, ªˆj hAdÙÁ hx[rDb iaf§Àsv smO sKsj wè ðbsk sit, `zmcsjv hfofsb hxdó hNGB jv.' zk}iv snƒ smO nsv dosq jfstf ifKcsv ˆj HCdmsk hNGB jvt. kfviv (snJfbjfv) bftfnmCsrv msLA ˆjde bftf n©iCBG ifdb dbsuv msLA umf j'sv dbt. stfjde snƒ ifdbv zbcnvB j'sv djYc lCv dosq slJt, ˆjde stfj sjflft äfvf dbu hfofsbv dlsj ifdb Ocvfs¤Y. sn kfsj duÎfnf jvt, `skfmfv bfm jD Hfƒ?' htt, `zmcj.' ˆde dYt snƒ bfm, sp bfm smsOv zfVfst sn ðsbdYt. hfofb-Wqftf htt, `Wsr zfïfrv hf¦lf! kcdm zfmfv bfm sjb duÎfnf jvst?' stfjde htt, `zfdm smsOv zfVft sKsj skfmfv bfm Lsv skfmfv hfofsb hxdó hNGB jvsk zfslw ðbtfm. kcdm jD ˆmb jfu jv?' hfofb-Wqftf htt, `ˆ jKf pJb htst, kJb htsk rq; zfdm ˆƒ hfofsbv …{iâ

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 128

It-Intsj sHsh-dys§À dkb Hfso Hfo jdv. zk}iv kfv ˆj Hfo lfb jdv, ˆj Hfo zfdm zfmfv idvub nr sJsq Kfdj ˆhQ hfjD ˆj Hfo hfofsbv yfN-Jfsk hAq jdv.« (mcndtm 7664bQ)

htfƒ hfùtA sp, ˆ dhw¶ yvfysv njt djYcv dbq§ÃB W nQOeb ytsY mrfb nxdójkGfv dbslGsw dIdvwXkf mfvI{. mrfb zfïfr zft-j¶cvzfsb k]fslv jnm sJsqsYb,

���א�A�ز��z)��٥(}�B!:"�4z[א9�E 9�5���:Yא{%�� �ªzk}iv (wiK kfslv;) pfvf njt jmG dbhGfr jsv.« (bf-dp‚k } 5)

���א�Uא�$�z)��٤(}�B!:"�4z�9�E�:X5���:Y[א{%�� �ªwiK jmG h¦ebjfvD dIdvñfslv.« (pfdvqfk } 4) i[f§Àsv ˆj swaBDv mfbcN zfsY, pfvf nxdójkGf W bhD-vnCtoBsj nkA

hst dhw¶fn jsv bf, kfvf LfvBf jsv sp, b[Ûƒ nh djYcv dbq§ÃB jsv Kfsj. zKy mc'dmbvf dhw¶fn jsv W hf²Àh ˆƒ sp, mrfb nxdójkGfv dbslGsw dIdvwXkfƒ nh djYcv dbq§ÃB W idvyftbfv lfdqk¶ iftb jsv Kfsjb.

mrfb zfïfr snƒ njt dIdvwXkfvW jnm sJsqsYb zft-j¶cvzfsb, }B�5�� 4z�9�B�5��و9א� �Y)١� (� �LB�9�� 4z�:L41�9���:Y)٢� (� ���B�9א 4z9�4א��FA٣(و9א�� (�4z�:OG��:L��:Y��OB�:Y)�4ذ�84א)�٤z�9 4X�5���:Y{)�٥(� �

wiK jtAfB öv™i siadvk zdhvfm hfqcv. zfv iatqËvD Udejfv, wiK smOmftf-nÑftbjfvD hfqcv. wiK smOmftf-dhd[åjfvD hfqcv, wiK kfslv pfvf (mfbcsNv z§Àsv) …islw si]ZdYsq slq. (mcvnftfk } 1-5)

}��OB�:M�4z�9�Gز�FA١(و9א��(��~B�9��4z�:~4��FAو9א�)٢�(��0B�9��4z�904 �Fو9א��)�4)�٣z�:X4 �F���:Y��XB�9�)٤�(א�B!:"�4z9א�E 9�5���:Y{)�٥(� �

ªwiK kfslv (dIdvñfslv); pfvf dbmGmHfsh (jfsIvslv iafB) dYdbsq sbq. wiK kfslv; pfvf mxlcHfsh (mcdmbslv iafB) shv jsv. wiK kfslv; pfvf kDha odksk (zfjfsw) n§ÀvB jsv. zk}iv (wiK kfslv;) pfvf la¢kshso zoanv rq. zk}iv (wiK kfslv;) pfvf njt jmG dbhGfr jsv. (bf-dp‚k } 1-5)

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 129

}��>L91�4z�VY�F١(و9א���(א��Bq9�4زz9�4אqאFI��:Y)�4ذ�84א)�٢z�9 4��F6��:Y{)�٣(� �ªkfslv wiK pfvf (sp dIdvñfvf) nfdvhÝHfsh làfqmfb. W pfvf

nsufsv Lmj dlsq Kfsj ˆhQ pfvf jcvzfb zfhxdÙsk vk--.« (n¶fIXIfk } 1-3) ˆ njt …Ýxdk ˆ jKfv ltDt sp, dIdvwXkfv …isvƒ bA²À zfsY zfjfw-

ixdKhDv njt dbq§ÃB W idvyftbfHfv. �

jfvf swaô? dIdvwXkf, bfdj mfbcN? iafyDb jft sKsjƒ ˆ hAfifsv mksHl zfsY. sj… hstb, dIdvwXkf

swaô. sj… hstb, mfbcN swaô. zfv sj… ˆ hAfifsv jf…sj swaôk¶ slb bf.

p]fvf hstb mfbcN swaô, k]fslv ltDt rt dbmv™i }- 1. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

9 �5�BאG'4jF$G�9��ن�Fא�%5A9!2�9#$4UVא�و9�9{Z�B+5��:K4�:�B�4"7وz�904��F�٧(}�%7�4א�א���(jA ���א��%�� �ªdbÇyq pfvf „mfb zfsb W n{jmG jsv, kfvfƒ nxdóv swaô.«

(hfƒsqbfr } 7) 2. mrfb zfïfr dIdvwXkfsj nxdó jsvsYb k]fv hfjA äfvf. zfv

zflmsj nxdó jsvsYb dbsuv rfsk, k]fv mfsU k]fv `v™r' I]csjsYb, dIdvwXkf äfvf k]fsj dnulf jdvsqsYb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�9#4!� �و89:�ن9 9�9�;96Bو9א�� �9 :"� 9� 4�B G'� VSG'� �5�9i9�:Yوא �]د9م9 �א�5�5iBوא 4j:;4<:�9��4�� �9A�7O� BذG'9و�9#$G�4Y�:;��٣٤(}א�(��Xא�����%�� �

ªpJb dIdvñfslvsj httfm, `zflmsj dnulfr jv.' kJb njstƒ dnulfr jvt; dj§Â ƒhtDn dnulfr jvt bf; sn zmfbA jvt W zrQjfv ialwGb jvt. nckvfQ sn zdhÇhfnDslv z§ÀHGcÙÁ rt.« (hfj¶fvfr } 34)

mrfb nxdójkGfv …ÙÁ zfslw iftb dIdvwXkfv i[ sKsj zfïfrv ƒhflk dYt, spsrkc kfsk dYt k]fv zfbcokA. zfv zhwAƒ kfsk dYt zflsmv ubA kf'pDm. zflsmv ubA dYt n©mfsbv dnulf.

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 130

3. mfbcsNv mfsUƒ mrfb zfïfr bhD-vnCt siavB jsvsYb, p]fslv dpqfvsk dIdvwXkf zfnskb.

4. zfècïfr dhb nftfm � hstsYb, `mcrf©mfslv yfƒsk shdw n©mfbDq zbA djYcsj zfïfr nxdó jsvbdb.' k]fsj htf rt, `duhvf„t W mDjf„tW bb?' dkdb htstb, `kcdm dj ufb, duhvf„t W mDjf„t jD? duhvf„t W mDjf„t skf nCpG W ys¦ûv mskf zfÎfLDb nxdó. zfïfr ˆmb sjfb nxdó nxdó jsvbdb, pf k]fv dbje mcrf©mfl zsi[f shdw n©mfbDq.' (ncâfr, zfècïfr dhb zfrmfl)

5. dm'vfsuv vfsÛ dIdvwXkf duhvDstv swN o§ÀhA dYt dnlXvfkct mc§Àfrf ipG§À. dj§Â kfvW zfso zoanv rsqdYstb mfbcN mcrf©mfl �.

6. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, وV�9�9+2�9د9م�9א�:��9�B���9��B+5,9W9�9��F+5���9,V�78:��אX:Y�4j:;4<:�9��:�ل�9�B�:|4 �o4�%5�4��:"�9���S5C9��G'ن�{

�9�4O491�د�B+56A78)٣١�(4��:S�:K9��90B�5%7א����:O�5+ �+�9k�:"�:KF�G'��9A96B�V�9���9!�VSG'��9A:��9א4�9�� +�5א4;90�)٣٢�(�5+:�B�:"�oE�G'�B+7;V��@7O:"�B+:�:"�9ل�:O�B+G,4<£9�B�:|4 �B+5�:|9��:"��F�:�:Y�B+G,4<£9�B�:|4 �+5,B�4��:"�5ل�9$9��2د9م�:O

�9�Bא��9�F�و9א�4zو9א�:�Bض�Gو5�B�5-��9!�5+:�B�:"9ون9:M99;5�56%ن-�B+56A78��9!9�٣٣(}�و�(��Xא�����%�� �zKGf{, dkdb zflmsj pfhkDq bfm dw[f dlstb, kfviv sn-njt

dIdvñfslv n©mcsJ siw jvstb ˆhQ htstb, `ˆƒ nmclsqv bfm zfmfsj hst lfW, pdl skfmvf nkAhflD rW.' kfvf htt, `zfidb mrfb idhÛ. zfidb zfmfslvsj pf dw[f dlsqsYb, kf YfVf zfmfslv skf zbA sjfb Îfbƒ sbƒ. dbÇyq zfidb Îfbmq, iaÎfmq.' dkdb htstb, `sr zflm! Wslvsj (dIdvñfslvsj) ˆslv (ˆ njstv) bfm hst lfW.' zk}iv pJb sn kfslvsj sn-nshv bfm hst dlt, kJb dkdb htstb, `zfdm dj skfmfslvsj hdtdb sp, zfjfw W ixdKhDv zslJf dhNq nìsá zfdm zhdrk ˆhQ skfmvf pf hAÙÁ jv hf sofib vfJ, dbdÇykHfsh zfdm kf ufdb?' (hfj¶fvfr } 31-33)

…ÙÁ Oebfq mfbcNsj `ƒtXm' äfvf dIdvwXkfv …iv swaôk¶ lfb jvf rsqsY. zfv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}G'�95%ن�:�B�9$��:��9#$4UV5%ن�9و9א��:�B�9$�9#$4UVא��TG%96B�9$�B@9��B@7O4��)��٩(}��5�V89U969$��9�F"7و%7�Bא�א�|:9��� �

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 131

zKGf{, ht, `pfvf ufsb ˆhQ pfvf ufsb bf, kfvf dj nmfb? hcdÝmfb stfsjvfƒ sjht …islw oarB jsv.' (pcmfv } 9)

7. mfbcsNv zfmt W zfbcokA jdEb. mfbcsNv iajxdk m¦l-iahB, kfv iÇyfsk zfsY wqkfb. mfbcsNv iÇyfsk zfsY NVXdvic (jfm, sÛÁfL, stfH, ml, smfr W mf{npG)ˆv zfjNGB. dIdvwXkfv msLA sn nh sbƒ. nckvfQ wCbA mfsE soft jvfv yfƒsk iadkä¦äDsj rfdvsq soft jvfv mfrfk¹A zsbj shdw.

8. mrfb zfïfr k]fv sbj hf¦loBsj dbsq dIdvwXkfv dbje ohG jsvb. ohG jsvb ƒtXmD mudtsnv mc'dmboBsj dbsq.

zfhC nf„l JclvD � hstb, mczfdhqfr � ˆjhfv mndusl (djYc stfsjv) ˆj rftjfq (soft ShEsj) ˆsn htstb, `skfmvf ˆJfsb jD …sÜswA hsnY?' kfvf htt, `zfïfrv dpjXv jvfv …sÜswA hsndY.' dkdb htstb, `zfïfrv jnm! skfmvf ˆjmfÛ ‰ …sÜswAƒ hsnY?' kfvf uhfh dlt, `(r]Af,) zfmvf ˆjmfÛ ‰ …sÜswAƒ hsndY.' dkdb htstb, `swfb! skfmfslvsj (dmKAfhflD) zihfl zfsvfi j'sv jnm jvfƒdb. (msb vfJsh) sjfb hAdÙÁ ˆmb sbƒ, sp zfïfrv vnCt �-ˆv dbje zfmfv nmmpGflf tfH jsvsY ˆhQ zfmfv sKsj jm rflDn hBGbf jsvsY. db}ns¦lsr zfïfrv vnCt � (ˆjhfv) öDq nryvslv ˆj rftjfq …id²¿k rsq k]fslvsj duÎfnf jvstb, ªskfmvf ˆJfsb jD …sÜswA hsnY?« k]fvf uhfh dlstb, `…sÜwA ˆƒ sp, zfmvf zfïfrv dpjXv jvh ˆhQ kf]v iawQnf jvh sp, dkdb zfmfslvsj ƒntfsmv iK sldJsqsYb W kfv mfLAsm zfmfslv iadk hV zbcoar jsvsYb.' ˆ jKf ðsb bhD � htstb, ªzfïfrv jnm! skfmvf ˆjmfÛ ˆ …sÜswAƒ ˆJfsb hsnY?« k]fvf htstb, `zfïfrv jnm! zfmvf sjht ˆ …sÜswAƒ hsndY.' dkdb htstb,

� ))���א Fن:"� o4�9�9�BZ:|:Y� 5@$G 4q� o4��9-:"� 5/FA4;:�9و� ،� B+7;:�� j9�B,5-� B+7;L4�B096B�:"� B+:�� oE�'� �9!:"�))�.�:>�o4��9�5$�:j:;4 4;�5+7א�: �

ªswfb! zfdm skfmfslvsj ˆ ubA jnm jvfƒdb sp, zfdm skfmfslvsj dmKAfhflD sHsh zihfl zfsvfi jvdY. dj§Â iajxk hAfifv

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 132

ˆƒ sp, duhaDt zfmfv jfsY ˆsn htstb, `zfïfr skfmfslvsj dbsq dIdvñfslv nfmsb ohG jvsYb!« (mcndtm 7032bQ)

spmb dkdb ohG jsvb zfvfIfskv mqlfsb nmshk rfuDoBsj dbsq. mrfbhD � hstb,

�»�F+5��%5�B�9 :��5/F�G'9و�:j:Y9�9��GمB%9$�B#4!�G��FAא�!�9#4א�]�B�9��4/ 4Y�5/V�9א��f46B�5$�Bن:"�B#4!�9�9�8:"م�B%9$�B#4!��9!�4�:S5C9��99אد� 7X9%ل9!�5��"::Y�:j:;4<:�9���5א+G,4 ��4��9�5$«.� �

ªzfvfIfskv dlb YfVf ˆmb sjfb dlb sbƒ, pfsk zfïfr ifj hf¦lfsj zdLj rfsv slfpJ sKsj mcÙÁ jsv Kfsjb. dkdb (‰ dlsb) dbjehkDG rb ˆhQ kfslvsj (rfuDslvsj) dbsq dIdvñfhsoGv dbje ohG jsvb. hstb, `jD yfq Wvf?« (mcndtm 3354bQ)

i[f§Àsv p]fvf hstb mfbcN zsi[f dIdvwXkf swaô, k]fslv ltDt rt dbm´v™i }-

1. dIdvwXkf mrfb zfïfrv lcƒ ufrfb---lcdbqf W zfsJvfskv zfÎfhr lfn ˆhQ k]fvf k]fv vnCtosBv iadk n©mfdbk lCk. nckvfQ k]fvf mfbcN sKsj swaô.

2. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }�9�%7;9-� �":ن VSG'� 4�9�9iFא��� 4�4U9�� B#9�� �9�7;P 9�� �9�78�9,9�� �9!� �!4#�9وO9:�ل9 �9�%7;9-� Bو:"� G#B :;:�9!�

9#$4�4��9w�א���א�)��٢٠(}א���%�� �zKGf{, sn htt, `ifsY skfmvf …Hsq dIdvñf rsq pfW djQhf skfmvf

(ufâfsk) dyv²¿fqD rW, ˆ ubAƒ skfmfslv iadkiftj ˆ hx[ nìsá skfmfslvsj dbsNL jsvsYb.' (zf'vfI } 20)

ƒhtDsnv …ÙÁ jcm§ÃBf sKsjW hcUf pfq sp, mfbcN zsi[f dIdvwXkf swaô.

3. mbcNA-nHf sKsj dIdvwXkf-nHf swaô. mrfbhD � hstsYb, �))���:��9�9-�7�":��Bo4 �BT4�B�9��E#:��9�BA4���9،�وG'�5/9�9!��9�:"9ذ9א�ذG*:Y�،�o4�9�:89ن�Bذ7X9$�:�o4�9�:89%ل�5א

9 �4/4�L9��o4Y�B+5,BA4!��B،�ذ�o4�L9��o4Y�5/5-B�:89،�وG'9ن�Bذ4�9�:89Z�Q»9!�o4Y�5/5-�:89ذ�Q»9!�o4Y�o.((� �ªzfïfr kfzftf hstb, zfdm zfmfv hf¦lfv LfvBfv ifsw Kfdj.

(zKGf{, sn pdl LfvBf vfsJ sp, zfïfr kfsj [mf jvshb, kfv kWhf

dIdvwXkf-uo{ ********************* 133

jhct jvshb, dhil zfil sKsj …Ýfv jvshb, kfrst kfƒ jdv.) zfv zfdm kfv nfsK Kfdj, pJb sn zfmfsj n¹vB jsv. nckvfQ sn pdl kfv msb zfmfsj ±mvB jsv, kfrst zfdm kfsj zfmfv msb ±mvB jdv, sn pdl sjfb nHfq zfmfsj n¹vB jsv, kfrst zfdm kfsj kfslv sysq …Ùm hAdÙÁslv (dIdvñfslv) nHfq n¹vB jdv.« (hcJfvD 7405, mcndtm 7008bQ)

4. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }:"�VS�@7O�BنG'��K:�9!�oE�G'�B+7;:��57%لO:"�S9�9و�B 7O%ل29I9Z�T4�A4��B+7;:��5>�5#4א��</�4و�B�:"�S9:+�5א9��

�א����م)��٥٠(}":-�TG%96B�9$�B@9��B@7O�Fo:�G'��9)%5$��9!�VSG'�5 4�Fא�:���9�Bو9א5�V;:L969-�:�:Y:"�5J4�9��ون9 �ªht, `zfdm skfmfslvsj ˆ hdt bf sp, zfmfv dbje zfïfrv

LbHfàfv zfsY, zlxwA nìsáW zfdm zhok bƒ ˆhQ skfmfslvsj ˆ jKfW hdt bf sp, zfdm dIdvñf. zfmfv iadk pf iakAfslw rq zfdm wcLc kfvƒ zbcnvB jdv!' ht, `zá W y[c®mfb dj nmfb? skfmvf dj zbcLfhb jv bf?« (‚bX‚m } 50)

}4<29I9Z�T4�A4��B+7;:�� �":7O%ل5 :S97%ل�5وO:"� :S9و� �K:�9!�oE�G'� �":7O%ل5 :S9�9و�B �א9�� 5+:�B�:"� :S9א��</�4و� 5#�9#4�V�� �'G'�oE�Gذ[א B+G,4�7L�:"�o4Y��9�4 �5+:�B�:"�5/>א��� 9 �B[אZ�5/>א��� 5+5,9 4-BC5$�#:�� B+7;5A5 B�:"�TG��BI9-�9#$4UV�4د9

9�4�4��Vد)��٣١(}א��%����%�� �ªzfv zfdm skfmfslvsj htdY bf sp, zfmfv dbje zfïfrv Lb-

Hfàfv zfsY. zfdm zlxswAv jKfW ufdb bf. zfv zfdm ˆefW hdt bf sp, zfdm dIdvñf. zfv pfvf skfmfslv syfsJ rDb, zfdm kfslv nìsá ˆef hdt bf sp, zfïfr jJsbf kfslvsj sjfb mÌt lfb jvshb bf; kfslv z§Àsv pf djYc zfsY, kf zfïfr …Ùmv™si ufsbb. (ˆv™i htst) zfdm zhwAƒ pfstmslv z§ÀHGcÙÁ rsq pfh.« (rCl } 31)

ªzfdm ˆefW hdt bf sp, zfdm dIdvñf«---bhDosBv ˆ jKf iamfB jsv sp, dIdvwXkf mfbcN rsk swaô.

smfe jKf rt, iaskAj mfbcN iaskAj dIdvwXkf rsk swaô bq. spmb iaskAj dIdvwXkf iaskAj mfbcN rsk swaô bq. swaôsk¶v ˆ iadkspfdokfq mfbh ufdkv jfsIv, mcbfdIj W Ifsnj iashw jvsk ifsv bf. iajxk

********************* dIdvwXkf-uo{ 134

mc'dmboB ˆ iadkspfdokfq dIdvwXkf zsi[f zoaBD rb dj bf, kfskƒ mksHl. spmb mksHl hkGmfb nhGswaô dIdvwXkfoB zfdìqf (zftfƒdrmcn nftfm)oB zsi[f swaô dj bf---kf dbsq.

ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (vfdrmfùïfr) hstsYb, `zd§Àm jfstv idviCBGkf drnfsh dIdvwXkf zsi[f sbj mc'dmboB swaô. zfv ˆef rsh kJb, pJb mc'dmboB shsrwXsk iashw jvshb, zfïfrv ³bjeA tfH jvshb, …]yc …]yc mpGflf zuGb jvshb, ivm lqfmsqv i[ sKsj zdHhflb W zfiAfqb ifshb, zdkdvÙÁ ³bjeAlfsb dkdb k]fslvsj ³hdwóAmdàk jvshb, k]fslvsj dkdb dbu lDlfv lfsb LbA jvshb, k]fvf k]fv n©mfdbk syrfvf lwGb j'sv idvkxå rshb ˆhQ k]fv ùjcsm dIdvwXkf k]fslv dJlmsk dbpcÙÁ rshb.

zfv iafvs©Hv dlj dlsq mfbcN zsi[f dIdvwXkf swaô. jfvB dIdvwXkf ˆJb mrfb zfïfrv nfdâsLA. mfbcN sp njt Hct-Û¢desk udVk zfsY, dIdvwXkf sn njt sKsj mcÙÁ W idhÛ. k]fvf nlf-nhGlf k]fslv iadkiftsjv ƒhflsk mo. zfv ˆsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ sp, hkGmfsbv ˆƒ zh²¿fv siad[sk dIdvwXkf mfbcN zsi[f swaô.' (mfumC… IfkfWqf 11/350)

k]fv YfÛ ƒhbct jfƒdqAm (vfdrmfùïfr) hstb, `dh²Àfdvk ˆƒ hBGbfv zfstfj swaôsk¶v vrnA …lXOfeb rsq pfq. …Hq is[v ltDstv mfsUW nm¦hq nfdLk rq. zfv mrfb zfïfrƒ Hfstf ufsbb. (û} hflfƒ…t IfWqfƒl 344ix})�

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