From Republic to Empire

Aim

• How did Rome transition from a republic to an empire?

Do Now12/5/2013

• Please answer the following on your do now index card

• Describe what Rome did after they conquered people on the Italian peninsula.

Pivotal Question 1

• What was the consequence of the Punic Wars with Carthage?

Contact with Carthage

• Rome’s conquest on the Italian Peninsula brought it into contact with Carthage

• Rome fought three wars against Carthage– Called the Punic Wars• First Punic War (264-241 BCE)• Second Punic War (218-201BCE)• Third Punic War (149-146 BCE)

First Punic War (264-241 BCE)

• Rome defeated Carthage • Rome won Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia

Second Punic War218-201 BCE

• Carthaginians led by General Hannibal– Rome was expecting him to attack from the south

Hannibal Plans a Surprise Route

Hannibal’s Trek Comes at a Cost

• Hannibal never reaches Rome• Roman Senate approves Consul Scipio

Africanus’ plan to attack Carthage to get them out of Italy

• Scipio attacks Carthage and a major battle occurs at Zama

Battle of Zama (202 BCE)

The Sides

• Rome led by Scipio– 29,000 Infantry– 6,100 Cavalry

• Carthage led by Hannibal– 36,000 Infantry– 4,000 Calvary– 80 War Elephants

Aftermath of Zama

• Carthage lost all land possessions outside of Africa

• Could not make war without approval from Roman Senate

• Rome uses this idea to attack and destroy Carthage in the Third Punic War– Rome poured salt over Carthage so nothing would

grow and the city would be destroyed forever• Rome now controlled the entire Med. Sea

region

Other conquests

• After the Punic War– Rome took control of Macedonia and parts of Asia

Minor– Egypt allied with Rome – Rome controlled the entire Med. Sea region

Pivotal Question 2

• What were the social and economic effects of Punic War conquests?