fundamentals of cloud computing

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FUNDAMENTALS OF

CLOUD COMPUTING

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Vikas

®

Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

FUNDAMENTALS OF

CLOUD COMPUTING

Prasant Kumar Pattnaik

Associate Professor

School of Computer EngineeringKIIT University

Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Manas Ranjan Kabat

Reader and Head

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

VSS University of Technology, Burla

Sambalpur, Odisha

Souvik Pal

Assistant Professor

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Nalanda Institute of Technology

Bhubaneswar, Odisha

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may be repro-

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ISBN: 978 9325 976108

First Edition 2014

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Copyright © Authors

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To Dr. Rajib Mall : The Great Teacher

— Prasant

To Sree Sree Thakur Anukul Chandra: The Supreme of Love

— Manas

To Maa, Baba: Constant Sources of Inspiration

— Souvik

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Fundamentals of Cloud Computing VII

Preface

This introductory text in the area of cloud computing is primarily based on the work

done by the author Souvik Pal during his M. Tech. Thesis. Cloud Computing is one of the

emerging topics in Information Technology. Cloud Computing is also included in the

syllabus of many universities. We, therefore, decided to work on a book on this subject

for the beneit of the students and teachers. Some topics in this book are unique and

based on published information which is current and timely. Some topics in this book

are intended for readers who have no prior knowledge of this subject. So we believe

that the book will be helpful to anyone who wants to learn cloud computing.

The book is organized into eight chapters, appendix and glossary. Chapter 1 provides

basics of cloud computing, like the working principles of Cluster, Grid and Mobile

Computing. Chapter 2 focuses on what Cloud Computing is and the services it provides

and also the different deployment models of Cloud Computing. Chapter 3 describes

the framework for Cloud Computing. Chapter 4 provides an overview of Virtualization

techniques, Virtualization Model and how Virtualization is related to cloud computing.

Chapter 5 presents different aspects virtualization procedure and the inter relation-

ship among them. This chapter discusses the issues in scheduling, load distribution,

energy eficiency, distribution pattern and also transactional approaches. Chapter 6

deals with the Live Migration Process in Cloud Computing. Chapter 7 is based on Cloud

database issues like Relational-Non Relational, SQL-based-No-SQL data base. Lastly,

Chapter 8 introduces ways to maintain privacy of the sensitive data and resources

using an auditing concept within the third party provider to ensure data privacy and

data integrity checks.

There have been several inluences from our family who have sacriiced lot of their time

and attention to ensure that we are kept motivated to complete this crucial project.

Prasant Kumar Pattnaik is grateful to his father Late Ramanarayan Patnaik, Mother

Smt. Jayalakshimi Patnaik, Father-in-law Er. Chittaranjan Mohanty, and Mother-in-law

Late Renubala Mohanty for their blessings. He is also thankful to his wife Bismita and

Daughter Prasannakshi for their love and support.

Manas Ranjan Kabat is grateful to his Parents for their blessings, wife Arundhati for her

unconditional love, patience and encouragement for this work. He is also thankful to

his daughter Anamika and son Manish for their support.

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VIII Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

Souvik Pal is grateful to his father Prof. Bharat Kumar Pal and Mother Smt. Tandra Pal

for their blessings and constant support. He is also grateful to his Grand Mother Late

Sakhi Rani Pal, Grand Father Late Ajit Kumar Pal for their affection and motivation.

He is thankful to his friend Smita Mukherjee for her encouragement and continuous

support.

The authors are thankful to all the members of Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd especil-

lay Mr. S. Verma, Mr. Nilabhra Poddar and Mr. Subhendu Sinha Roy for the given oppor-

tunities to write this book.

Above all God is Almighty.

Prasant Kumar Pattnaik

[email protected]

Manas Ranjan Kabat

[email protected]

Souvik Pal

[email protected]

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Content

Chapter 1

Basics of Cloud Computing

1. Introduction 1

1.1. Evolution of Cloud Computing 1

1.2. Cluster Computing Environment 4

1.2.1. The Architecture of Cluster ComputingEnvironment 5

1.3. Grid Computing Environment 6

1.3.1. Grid Related Technologies 6

1.3.2. Levels of Deployment 9

1.3.3. Architecture of Grid Computing Environment 10

1.4. Mobile Computing 14

1.4.1. Characteristics of Mobile Computing 14

1.4.2. Characteristics of Mobile Networks 15

1.5. Summary 15Exercise 16

Further Readings 16

Chapter 2

Introduction to Cloud Computing

2.1. Introduction 17

2.2. Popular Views 17

2.3. Characteristics of Cloud Computing 18

2.3.1. Elasticity and Scalability 18

2.3.2. Measured Metering and Billing of Service 18

2.3.3. Self-Service Provisioning of Resources 19

2.3.4. Application Programming Interface (APIs) 19

2.3.5. Performance Measurement Service 19

2.3.6. Device and Location Independency 19

2.2.7. Customization 19

2.3.8. Security 20

2.4. Need for Cloud Computing 20

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X Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

2.5. Types of Cloud 20

2.5.1. Public Cloud 21 2.5.2. Private Cloud 21

2.5.3. Hybrid Cloud 22

2.5.4. Community Cloud 23

2.6. Cloud Services 23

2.6.1. Resource as a Service (RaaS) 23

2.6.2. Infrastructure as a Service 24

2.6.3. Platform as a Service 24

2.6.4. Software as a Service 25

2.6. Security Paradigms and Issues of Cloud Computing 252.7. Some Popular Cloud Service Providers 26

2.7.1. IaaS Service Providers 26

2.7.2. PaaS Service Providers 28

2.7.3. SaaS Service Providers 28

2.8. Summary 28

Exercise 29

Further Readings 29

Chapter 3Cloud Framework


3.2. Framework for Cloud Computing Environment 31

3.2.1. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) 33

3.2.3. Life Cycle of Services in SOA 34

3.2.4. Integrating SOA and the Cloud 36

3.2.5. Cloud Framework 37

3.2.1. Framework Constraints 40

3.4. Worklow and Co-ordination of Multiple Activities 41

3.4.1. Need of Worklow 42

3.4.2. Examples of Worklow Tools 43

3.5. Summary 43

Exercise 44

Further Readings 44

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XII Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

Chapter 6

Live Migration of Virtual Machines


6.2. Need of Live Migration of Virtual Machine 77

6.3. Advantages of Live Migration 78

6.4. An Designing Process of Live Migration 78

6.4.1. Live Migration Process 80

6.5. Security Issues 82

6.5.1. Possible Attacks 82

6.6. Summary 83

Exercise 83

Further Readings 84

Chapter 7

Cloud Database


7.2. Non-Relational Data Models 85

7.2.1. Transactions in Cloud Databases 86

7.2.2. Advantages of Cloud Database 86

7.3. Heterogeneous Databases in DaaS 87

7.4. MongoDB 89

7.4.1. Data Model 89

7.4.2. Replication 90

7.4.3. Sharding 91

7.4.4. Architecture 91

7.4.5. Consistency 92

7.4.6. Failure Handling 92

7.5. CAP Theorem 927.6. Issues in Live Migration of Databases

in Cloud Computing Environment 93

7.6.1. Cloud Database Classiication based

on Transaction Processing 94

7.7. Commercial Available Cloud Database Platform 97

7.8. Summary 98

Exercise 99

Further Readings 100

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Fundamentals of Cloud Computing XIII

Chapter 8

Auditing


8.2. Data Security in Cloud Computing Environment 103

8.2.1 Characteristics of a Secure Cloud

Computing Environment 103

8.2.2. Need for Auditing in Cloud

Computing Environment 104

8.2.3. Auditing Background within Third Party

Service Provider 104

8.3. Cloud Auditing Outsourcing Lifecycle Phases 1048.4. Auditing Classiication 105

8.5. Auditing Service 106

8.6. Summary 108

Exercise 109

Further Readings 109

Appendix I

CloudSim: A Simulator for Cloud Computing Environment 111–124

Appendix II

Some of the Applications of Wireless Sensor Network in Cloud1 125–132

Glossary 133–156

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fundamentals of cloud computing

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