Government ReviewAnd Canada’s Government

GPS• SS6CG1a. Describe the ways government systems

distribute power: unitary, confederation, federal.

• SS6CG1b. Explain how government systems determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, democratic.

• SSCG1c. Describe the 2 predominate forms of democratic government: parliamentary and presidential.

• SS6CG3a. Describe the structure of the Canadian government…

E.Q.

• How do governments differ?• How is Canada’s government organized?

3 Types of Government: How Citizens Participate

AUTOCRACY OLIGARCHY DEMOCRACY

3 Types of Government: How Citizens Participate

AUTOCRACY OLIGARCHY DEMOCRACY

Rule by one

Advantage: quick decisions

Disadvantage: no citizen participation

3 Types of GovernmentAUTOCRACY OLIGARCHY DEMOCRACY

Rule by one

Advantage: quick decisions

Disadvantage: no citizen participation

Rule by a few

Advantage: quick decisions

Disadvantage: no citizen participation

3 Types of GovernmentAUTOCRACY OLIGARCHY DEMOCRACY

Rule by oneAdvantage: quick decisionsDisadvantage: no citizen participation

Rule by a fewAdvantage: quick decisionsDisadvantage: no citizen participation

Advantage: all groups represented

Disadvantage: slower decision-making; need to be informed

Representative Democracy citizens elect representatives to make decisions (U.S.)

Direct Democracy – citizens vote on all decisions

2 Types of DEMOCRACY Presidential Parliamentary

2 Types of DEMOCRACY Presidential Parliamentary

U.S., Mexico, most S.A. countries Citizens elect members of legislature Legislature makes laws

Cannot force early election of president

Citizens elect president President

Head of stateChief executiveRuns governmentHeads militaryCannot dissolve legislature

2 Types of DEMOCRACY Presidential Parliamentary

U.S., Mexico, most S.A. countries Citizens elect members of legislature Legislature makes laws

Cannot force early election of president

Citizens elect president President

Head of stateChief executiveRuns governmentHeads militaryCannot dissolve legislature

Canada, Australia, U.K.Citizens elect MPs (members of Parliament)Parliament chooses Prime Minister (PM)

makes laws can force early election

of PMPM is chief executive

Heads militaryEnforces lawsRuns countryCan dissolve Parliament

Head of State: symbolic leader

3 Ways Governments Share PowerUNITARY CONFEDERATION FEDERAL

3 Ways Governments Share PowerUNITARY CONFEDERATION UNITARY

Central government holds all the power and controls all other governments in the country

Examples:CubaBoliviaGreat BritainFranceThe state of Georgia (state has power to create/break up cities & counties)

3 ways Governments Share PowerUNITARY CONFEDERATION FEDERAL

Central government holds all the power and controls all other governments in the countryExamples:

CubaBoliviaGreat BritainFranceThe state of Georgia (state has power to create/break up cities & counties)

Local governments hold all the power

Examples – countries agree to work together on a problem• Voluntary

• Decisions have to be agreed on by all to become law

• Little power– individual countries can veto decisions– changes have to be agreed on unanimously

• U.S. tried it– “Articles of Confederation” 1777-1787• states saw selves as separate countries• Congress had no power • replaced by Constitution & federal government

Confederation Problems

3 ways Governments Share PowerUNITARY CONFEDERATION FEDERAL

Central government holds all the power and controls all other governments in the countryExamples:

CubaBoliviaGreat BritainFranceThe state of Georgia (state has power to create/break up cities & counties)

Local governments hold all the powerExamples – countries agree to work together on a problem

VoluntaryDecisions have to be agreed on by all to become law

Power is shared between central and local governments

Central gov’t is more powerful – but can’t get rid of local gov’t or local leaders

Examples:BrazilCanadaMexicoU.S.Venezuela

CANADA’S GOVERNMENTCONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

CANADA’S GOVERNMENTCONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

Constitution explains how gov’t is organized & citizens’ rights, limits monarch’s powerMonarch is head of state & symbolic leader of Canada

PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

CANADA’S GOVERNMENTCONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

Constitution explains how gov’t is organized & citizens’ rights, limits monarch’s powerMonarch is head of state & symbolic leader of Canada

PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY

• Citizens elect MPs• MPs select Prime Minister and can unselect

him/her• Chief executive• Head of military• Runs country• Leads parliament – can dissolve it

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

CANADA’S GOVERNMENTCONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

Constitution explains how gov’t is organized & citizens’ rights, limits monarch’s powerMonarch is head of state & symbolic leader of Canada

PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY

Citizens elect MPsMPs select Prime Minister and can unselect him/her

Chief executiveHead of militaryRuns countryLeads parliament – can dissolve it

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

• Power is divided between central gov’t and local provinces• Provinces make own laws and elect own leaders

(premiers)• Citizens 18 & older may vote• Very high level of personal freedom protected by

courts

FEDERAL: POWER IS SHARED

Canada’s Government– Main political parties• Bloc Quebecois• Conservative Party• Green Party• Liberal Party• New Democratic Party

SUMMARY

How is Canada’s government like our government?

How is Canada’s government different from our government?