presentation3

IMPACTS OF WHEAT STRIPE RUST IN PAKISTAN: BREEDING AND CONTROL

STRATEGIES

Paper Presented at:

INTERNATIONAL WHEAT STRIPE RUST SYMPOSIUMOrganized by

ICARDA ,FAO& SOFT in collaboration with CIMMYT & BGRI,Venue – ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria (18-21 April, 2011)

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AREA PRODUCTION & YIELD PER HECTARE OF WHEAT IN PAKISTAN DURING 2004-05 TO 2009-10

Year Area (million ha)

Production (million mt)

Yield per hector (kg/ha)

2004-05 8.36 21.61 2586

2005-06 8.45 21.28 2519

2006-07 8.58 23.29 2716

2007-08 8.55 22.95 2451

2008-09 9.05 24.03 2657

2009-10 9.13 23.31 2553

2010-11 8.89 24.10 2723

- Federal Committee on Agriculture, MinFA, GOP

• Smuts - Loose smut, Flag smut• Bunts - Karnal Bunt• Blights - Helminthosporium, Septoria Fusarium, Alternaria• Mildews - Powdery mildew, • Downy mildew• BYDV: Barley yellow dwarf virus

• RUSTS: Leaf rust /Brown rust Stripe rust/ Yellow rust Stem rust /Black rust

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MAJOR DISEASES OF WHEAT

RUST DISEASES

Stripe/Yellow Rust1

Leaf/Brown Rust2

Stem/Black Rust3

Remain potential threats for sustainable wheat production

Cause substantial losses in space & time all over the world

Yellow – yellow rust areasBrown – brown rust areasYellow dots – often yellow rustDark Brown dots – stem rust

PREDOMINANT RUST RESISTANT GENES IN WHEAT VARIETIES OF PAKISTAN

Stem Rust: 5, 6, 7b, 8a, 9b, 9g, 11, 12, 17, 30 and 31

Leaf Rust: 1, 3, 10, 13, 23, 26, 27+31 and 9

Yellow Rust 6, 7, 9, 27

Country Year Variety Reported byAfghnistan 1995 Pak –81, Pir Sabak Saari et al., 1995

Egypt 1995 Mamluk, 1996

Ethiopia 1986,88,90 Dashen (Veeri 5) Badebo and Bayk, 1992

Iran 1992-95 Falat (Seri 82) Torrabi et al., 1995

Lebanon 1994 Seri 82, Sonalika Mamluk, 1995

Pakistan (Baluchistan)

1990-921997-98

Local White-do-

Ahmad et al., 1991S.D. Khanzda, 1998

Pakistan (KPK & Northern Punjab)

1994-95 Pak-81,Pir Sabak-85

Saari et al., 1995

Syria 1988 Mexipak Mamluk et al., Naimi,1992

Turkey 1991 Gerek-79 Brown and Saari, 1992

Yemen 1988, 1989, 1993

Muchtar (Veeri)Aziz (Seri 82)

Mamluk, 1996

Pakistan 2005 Inqilab-91 S. D. Khanzada, 2005

YELLOW RUST EPIDEMICS CAUSED SUBSTANTIAL LOSSES FROM 1985-86 TO 2005-06 DUE TO LARGE SCALE CULTIVATION OF VEERY LINES

RUST EPIDEMICSYEAR RUST TYPE DISTRIBUTION LOSSES

1978 Brown rust All Pakistan 10% of total production

1995 Yellow rust Khayber Pakhtoon Khwa & Upper Punjab

20% in the hit area

WL711 BLUW SILVER M.PAK65

SEVERE RUST ATTACK ON MOST POPULAR VARIETIES OF THE PAKISTAN, THESE BECAME SUSCEPTIBLE WITH THE EVOLUTION OF NEW RUST RACES

AFTER THEIR WIDE SPREAD CULTIVATION

• PAK-81 was severely infected with Leaf rust at Faisalabad. • It was also badly hit by yellow rust during 1994-95 especially in Northern areas of the country

WRI., Faisalabad photo 6.4.03

Yellow Rust on Inqlab-91 at WRI., Faisalabad 22.3.03

SEHER-2006 has become susceptible to leaf rust on most of the areas of the country (17.03.11) disease screening nursery FAISALABAD

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Leaf rust on most cultivated wheat variety Seher-2006 at Sialkot during current wheat season on October 2010

planted crop 25.2.2011

Sahar 2006

TD-1

Mairaj

Prominent Wheat Varieties1 CHENAB2000 20002 AS.2002 20023 BAHAWALPUR 2000 20004 PUNJNAD 2001 20015 SH.2002 20026 UFAQ-2002 20027 BHAKKAR-2002 20028 GA-2002 20029 MANTHAR-03 2003

10 SEHER-06 200611 FAREED-06 200612 SHAFAQ-06 200613 FSD-08 200814 LASANI.08 200815 MERAJ-08 200816 CHAKWAL-50 200817 BARS-09 200918 AARI-11 2011

CURRENT WHEAT VARIETIESLasani-08Resistant to stem rust ug-99 and local race, High yielder, good quality

AARI-11High yielder, resistant to all wheat diseases including ug-99 and local race

BARS-09Drought tolerant, Suitable for rainfed areas, High yielder, disease resistant

Seher-06High yield potential, Stress tolerant,Wider adaptability, Faisalabad-08High yielder, drought tolerant, resistant to leaf & yellow rusts, smut resistant

MOROCCO 16.3.2011LASANI 2008 resistance during current season 16.3.11

Lasani-2008

FUTURE HOPES

V-032862, V-05066, V-05082, V-07076, V-07096, 06C002

V-05066High yielder, heat tolerant resistant to other wheat diseases

V-05082High yielder, resistant to Karnal bunt, leaf and yellow rust

AARI 2011 resistant to all rusts through out the country17.3.11 disease screening nursery Faisalabad

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Notification by the Federal Government

CROP VARIETY DEVELOPMENT AND RELEASE SYSTEM Variety Release System

Breeder

Micro Trials

Zonal Trials

FSC&RD (DUS)

PARC-VEC

(VCU)

Evaluation and Registration

FSRC Provincial Technical Expert Sub-Committee

Provincial and National Seed Council

Commercial Seed Production

ABBREVIATIONS DUS: Distinctness Uniformity Stability VEC: Variety Evaluation Committee VCU: Value for Cultivation and Use FSRC: Federal Seed Research Committee FSC&RD: Federal Seed Certification & Registration Department

Approval & Release

FSC&RD

Public and Private seed companies

FARMERS

Provincial Departments of Agriculture (Extension) through Farmer Training programs and field Demonstrations.Farm Advisory Services of Public/Private Seed companies.National Seminars and Farmers mega Gatherings.Agriculture Magazines and Pamphlets).Print and Electronic Media

SEED EXTENSION

SEED MARKETING/ PRICING

• Public sector seed agencies and private Seed companies, market seed through their own sale points and seed dealers (about 13500 No) through-out the country

• Seed pricing is operated under free market economy system

• Grain/ seed price ratio is 1:1.50 (approx)

SEED DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

PUBLIC SEED SECTOR PRIVATE SEED SECTOR INFORMAL SEED SECTOR

PSC SSC FSI BDA

NATIONAL PRIVATESEED COMPANIES720 Nos.

MULTINATIONAL SEED COMPANIES 5 Nos.

- FARMER TO FARMER EXCHANGE- FARMER KEEPS OWN SEED- FARMER BUYS SEED FROM LOCAL MARKET

SEED DEALERS

OWN SALEPOINTS

SEED DEALERS

OWN SALEPOINTS

OWN SALEPOINTS

SEED DEALERS

Abbreviation used

• PSC: Punjab Seed Corporation

• SSC: Sindh Seed Corporation

• FSI: Frontier Seed Industry.

• BDA: Baluchistan Department of Agriculture.

MAJOR VARIETY WISE WHEAT SEED AVAILABILITY IN PAKISTAN (2009-10)

S. No. Variety Qty Tested Seed Availability Qty RejectedRemarks(Share %)

(m.t.) (m.t) (m.t)

1 Bhakkar-2002 12686.80 10750.80 1936.00 -

2 Faisalabad-08 19637.31 18259.31 1258.00 4.78%

3 Fareed-2006 12003.24 11238.24 765.00 -

4 Inqilab-91 20406.87 18335.87 2071.00 4.80%

5 Lasani-08 10114.48 9158.48 958.00 2.81%

6 Meraj-08 9046.90 7944.00 1102.90

7 Sehar-2006 237119.65 215141.25 21978.40 56.34%

8 Shafaq-2006 12896.95 12300.95 596.00 -

9 TD-01 16816.28 14896.10 1920.10 -

10 TJ-83 8911.28 8312.94 598.34 2.54%

Total 359639.76 326337.94 33183.74 -

Other varieties(45 No.)

22343.73 21540.28 582.45 -

Grand Total(55 Nos).

381983.49 347878.22 33766.19 -

S.NO. VARIETY

2005-2006 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-2011

AREA %AGE Area %age Area %age Area %age AREA %AGE AREA %AGE

1 PAK-81 176 1.1 175 1.1 131 0.8 107 0.6 8 0.05 - -

2 INQLAB-91 10431 65.1 8838 55.6 7956 50.3 7109 42.1 5371 31.44 3795 23

6 DESI 96 0.6 111 0.7 60 0.4 148 0.9 83 0.49 - -

7 PASBAN 96 0.6 32 0.2 27 0.2 12 0.1 17 0.10 - -

8 CHAKWAL-97 16 0.1 16 0.1 23 0.1 29 0.2 57 0.33 - -

09 WATTAN 2275 14.2 2273 14.3 2088 13.2 2163 12.8 1751 10.25 1320 8

10 PB-96 224 1.4 175 1.1 118 0.8 83 0.5 44 0.26 - -

11 PERVAZ 64 0.4 32 0.2 36 0.2 46 0.3 39 0.23 - -

12 PB-85 64 0.4 48 0.3 45 0.3 30 0.2 19 0.11 - -

13 BHAKKAR-2002 2083 13.0 3099 19.5 3835 24.2 4646 27.5 3402 19.91 1980 12

14 MH-97 32 0.2 47 0.3 14 0.1 6 0.0 2 0.01 - -

15 UQAB-2000 288 1.8 382 2.4 292 1.9 210 1.2 213 1.25 - -

16 IQBAL-2000 64 0.4 48 0.3 39 0.2 22 0.1 10 0.06 - -

17 Abdul Sattar - - 461 2.9 881 5.6 1138 6.7 1224 7.16 825 5

18 Sehr - - - - 36 0.2 783 4.6 4083 23.90 6931 42

19 Shafaq - - - - 33 0.2 165 1.0 501 2.93 660 4

30 OTHER 109 0.7 159 1.0 203 1.3 196 1.1 260 1.52 990 6

TOTAL: 16021 100 15896 100 15820 100 16893 100 17084 100 16502 100

Punjab Crop Reporting Service

Variety Wise Wheat Area Replacement

CONTROL STRATEGIES• Practically chemical control is not feasible to spray over 8 million hectare

wheat area in Pakistan, – as availability of huge amount of chemical is almost impossible– Spray machinery and man power is also debatable– Cost of sprays (at least two) and their in time application is also almost

impossible Hence genetic control is the only possible solution of wheat rusts.• It is the main activity to incorporate resistant genes in high yielding

wheat lines through out world wheat breeding programs• Rust monitoring program is efficiently working in the country and

susceptible varieties are withdrawn and replaced with new resistant wheat cultivars.

• FAO has also a coordinated program to identify rust races in Pakistan in the Districts of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan in Punjab and Sakrand and Mirpur Khas in Sindh with the collaboration of Society of Facilitators and trainers (SOFT) Pakistan

CONTROL STRATEGIESWheat breeding programs in the country arecontinuously evolving new resistant cultivars andreplacing susceptible ones.• As pak81 was replaced by Inqilab91• Inqilab91 was replaced by seher2006• Now Seher 2006 would be replaced by Lasani 2008

and Faisalabad2008• Two new resistant lines V5066 & V5082 are in the

final stage of approvalKeeping resistant CVs is maintaining the sustainability

in wheat production in the country

RECOMMENDATION/ SUGGESTIONS - Free, easy excess to international germplasm for wheat

breeding.- Capacity building of Wheat Breeders, Plant Pathologists

and Extension Experts.- Variety testing network in different regions so in an

emergency plan for seed of rust resistant varieties could be made available.

- Regional network for identification of wheat rust races.- Regional wheat traveling seminars (surveillance) may be

organized regularly- Wheat breeding having ability to combat biotic and a-

biotic stresses- Strengthening of informal seed production and

multiplication system through participatory selections and testing of varieties.

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Wheat

Food

for all

Thanks