informe de vigilancia biorremediación (2)

Biorremediación: aplicación de microorganismos externos

Índice del documento

Prefacio............................................................................................3

1. Introducción................................................................................5

2. Proyectos.....................................................................................6

3. Artículos.......................................................................................8

4. Patentes.....................................................................................45

5. Tesis...........................................................................................66

6. Oferta y demanda tecnológica.................................................70

7. Socios........................................................................................72

8. Otros recursos..........................................................................75

Índice de ilustraciones

1. Figura 1......................................................................................45

2. Figura 2......................................................................................46

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PrefacioEste informe se elabora con el objetivo de presentar a Bioemprende un informe sobre el estado del arteen biorremediación: aplicación de microorganismos externos

Las informaciones que se relacionan en este documento tienen carácter referencial. Si desea eltexto completo de cualquiera de ellas, puede solicitarlo al servicio de recuperación dedocumentos: se dirija al contacto técnico que figura en la portada de este informe indicando eltítulo(*s) o referencia(*s) se se indican.

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Definición del objeto de la búsqueda para la recuperación de información:

● Búsqueda de artículos relacionados con el tema● Proyectos que recogen las recientes innovaciones tanto de empresas como de centros

tecnológicos● Patentes que pueden ser de aplicación en el tema de estudio

Para delimitar el objeto de la búsqueda de información, se definió el ámbito terminológico mediante laextracción de los identificadores en lenguaje natural:

● [ES] biorremediación, biotratamiento, biorrecuperación, biodegradación, recuperación de suelos.

Los identificadores fueron complementados con la selección de tener controlados multilíngües, sinónimos y complementarios, utilizando la herramienta IATE. Esta primera acotación resultó en la elección de los siguientes términos:

● [EN] bioremediation, biotreatment, bioreclamation, biorecovery, biodegradation, soil recovery, land reclamation

Resultando el análisis anterior en la cadena de interrogación (query) genérica:

bioremediation or bioreclamation

La query genérica fue adaptada a las características de la sintaxis y limitaciones en la busca de cadafuente de información utilizada, dirigido a obtener los mejores resultados en cada caso.

Definición de las fuentes principales de información especializada:

La búsqueda se hizo en bases de datos especializadas como Web of Science perteneciente a Web ofKnowledge, Cordis entre otras.

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1. Introducción

El término biorremediación es empleado para referirse al conjunto de técnicas utilizadas para la restauración de ambientes contaminados usando seres vivos.

Las técnicas de biorremediación se pueden clasificar en tres grandes tipos:

-Degradación enzimática-Fitorremediación-Remediación microbiana

1. Degradación enzimática

Consiste en el empleo de enzimas en el área contaminada con el objetivo de degradar las sustancias contaminantes. Dichas enzimas son producidas a escala industrial utilizando a bacterias que las generan naturalmente o por bacterias genéticamente modificadas

2. Fitorremediación

Se basa en la utilización de plantas en la zona contaminada aprovechando su capacidad para absorber o acumular las sustancias nocivas.

3. Remediación microbiana

Uso sobre el área contaminada de microorganismos que degradan las sustancias contaminantes. Los microorganismos utilizados en este proceso pueden estar presentes en el área contaminada o ser exógenos a la misma.

En este informe nos vamos a centrar en las técnicas de remediación microbianas usando microorganismos externos.

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2. Proyectos

El siguiente listado recoge tanto proyectos de ámbito nacional como europeo.

Dentro del ámbito europeo, estos proyectos pertenecen al Séptimo Programa Marco de Investigación y Desarrollo tecnológico (7PM) que agrupa todas las iniciativas comunitarias en materia de investigación. La búsqueda se hizo en Cordis que es el portal oficial del 7PM.

En el ámbito nacional hay tanto proyectos del Plan Nacional de I+D+i como del Plan Galego de I+D+i (Incite 2006-2010).

Los proyectos se muestran ordenados alfabéticamente:

Descontaminación microbiológica de fosfoyesos contaminados por uranio y cadmioOrganismo: Universidad de GranadaProyectos de Investigación Fundamental no orientada 2010.

Desenvolvemento dun protocolo para a aplicación de técnicas de descontaminación de solos "in situ" na Comunidade Galega

Solicitante: Novotec consultores, s.a.

INCITE- Programas sectoriais de investigación aplicada, PEME I+D e I+D Suma.Tecnoloxía sectorial: Medio Natural e Desenvolvemento Sustentable (MDS). Convocatoria 2009

Mining the genome of p. fluorescens f113 to improve agricultural and bioremediation applications. In silico genomics and functional genomics approaches to exploit Pseudomonas in biotechnology (MIGENOF113)

Organización: UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID7PM

http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=FP7_PROJ_ES&ACTION=D&DOC=16&CAT=PROJ&QUERY=012cf3d3d603:7e24:571ae70a&RCN=95871

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Soil remediation technique for in situ cleaning of soils contaminated with heavy hydrocarbons mixtures (SORBENT)

Organización: UAB GROTA7PM

http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=FP7_PROJ_ES&ACTION=D&DOC=12&CAT=PROJ&QUERY=012cf3c40fd5:bcad:5031a325&RCN=91811

UPSOIL-Sustainable Soil Upgrading by Developing Cost effective, Biogeochemical Remediation Approaches

Organización: UNIDAD DE CONSTRUCCION DE LABEIN-TECNALIA 7PM

http://www.upsoil.eu/

Using MicroBes for the REgulation of heavy metaL mobiLity at ecosystem and landscape scAle: An integrative approach for soil remediation by geobiological processes (UMBRELLA)

Organización:FRIEDRICH-SCHILLER-UNIVERSITAET JENA7PM


UPSOIL-Sustainable Soil Upgrading by Developing Cost effective, Biogeochemical Remediation Approaches

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http://www.upsoil.eu/




3. ArtículosEn la presente sección se recoge un listado de artículos de investigación publicados en los últimos

cuatro años. Los artículos están ordenados por año y alfabéticamente.

2011

Biodegradation of commercial gasoline (24% ethanol added) in liquid medium by microorganisms isolated from a landfarming site

Autor: N.M. Oliveira, F. M. Bento, F. A. O. Camargo, A. J. Knorst, A. Loreiro Dos Santos, T. M. Pizzolato, M. C. R. Peralba Fuente: Journal of Enviromental Science and Health, Part A, Volume 46, Issue 1, Pages 86 - 96 Resumen:

Isolation of soil microorganisms from a landfarming site with a 19-year history of petrochemical residues disposal was carried out. After isolation, the bacteria behavior in mineral medium with 1% commercial gasoline (24% ethanol) was evaluated. Parameters employed for microorganism evaluation and selection of those with the greatest degradation potential were: microbial growth; biosurfactant generation and compound reduction in commercial gasoline. Starting from bacteria that presented the best degradation results, consortiums formed by 4 distinct microorganisms were formed. A microbial growth in the presence of commercial gasoline was observed and, for most of the bacteria, degradations of compounds such as benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) as well as biosurfactant production was observed. Ethanol was partially degraded by the bacterial isolates although the data does not allow affirming that it was degraded preferentially to the aromatic hydrocarbons investigated. The analyzed consortiums present an efficiency of 95% to 98% for most of the commercial gasoline compounds and a preferential attack to ethanol under the essay condition was not observed within 72 h.

http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a929784912~db=all~jumptype=rss

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2010

A salt tolerant Enterobacter cloacae mutant for bioaugmentation of petroleum- and salt-contaminated soil

Autor: X. Hua, J. Wang, Z. Wu, H. Zhang, H. Li, X. Xing, Z. Liu Fuente: Biochemical Engineering Journal, Volume 49, Issue 2, Pages 201-206 Resumen:

A NaCl-tolerant Enterobacter cloacae variant (MU-1) was obtained by mutagenesis using atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) plasmas. The variant exhibited regular growth behavior in slurry cultivation and reached a cell density of 5.72 × 108 and 6.44 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU/mL) in the presence and absence of 7.5% NaCl, respectively, when crude oil was used as the sole carbon source (crude oil/soil = 1.5%). The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation percentage was 7.94% with mutant MU-1 in the presence of 7.5% NaCl whereas that of the wild-type strain was 3.17%. When cultivated in saline medium, MU-1 showed a slight change in membrane permeability but significant increases in both the K+ concentration inside the cell membrane (from 234.24 to 1422.88 ppm/g dry cell weight in the first 2 h) and the exopolysaccharide (EPS) level outside the membrane (from 1350 to 1825 mg/g dry cell weight). The rapid increase in K+ inside the cell and the simultaneous accumulation of EPS outside the cell may be responsible for maintaining the osmotic balance during saline cultivation, and this could facilitate the microbial growth and TPH degradation of MU-1.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V5N-4Y3TXG7-B&_user=10&_coverDate=04%2F15%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1585656496&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=103ca0ec5b754b16cc2c94f8c8326099&searchtype=a

Bio-Detoxification of Arsenic Laden Ground Water Through a Packed Bed Column of a Continuous Flow Reactor Using Immobilized Cells

Autor: P. Bag, P. Bhattacharya, R. Chowdhury Fuente: Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, Volume 19, Issue 4 , Pages 455 - 466 Resumen:

Under the present study arsenic resistant bacterial strain, Rhodococcus equi (JUBTAs02), has been used to remove trivalent arsenic from a simulated aqueous solution of arsenic oxide (As2O3). Batch studies have been conducted to determine the arsenic-intoxicated growth kinetics of the bacteria. The Monod type kinetic parameters like saturation constant KS and maximum specific growth rate μmax have been determined by studying batch mode of growth of microorganisms varying the initial concentration of limiting substrate, i.e. citrate (carbon source), in absence of arsenic ions. The kinetic parameter for intoxicated growth, namely the inhibition constant, Ki, has been determined by varying As3+ concentration for each batch conducted at different

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initial concentrations of citrate. For ground water a first order kinetics with respect to arsenic concentration has been determined for arsenic uptake rate.

The same microorganism has been used in immobilized form to treat simulated water as well as naturally occurring arsenic laden ground water in a continuous packed bed reactor using initial arsenite concentration and inlet flow rate as parameters. A maximum value of arsenite removal efficiency of 95% has been achieved in this process. Deterministic mathematical models capable of explaining the trend of removal of arsenic from simulated and ground water have been developed using the kinetic parameters of intrinsic growth of the microorganism. The simulated results have been compared with the experimental ones satisfactorily.


Bioaugmentation efficiency of diesel degradation by Bacillus pumilus JL(B) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus LT1 in contaminated soils

Autor: C. Singh, J. LinFuente: African Journal of Biotechnology , Volume 94, Issue 41, Pages 6881-6888Resumen:

The abilities of diesel-degrading Bacillus pumilus JLB and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus LT1 were tested in contaminated soils. The effect of nutrient supplementation on bioaugmented samples was also examined. The results show that bio-augmentation and biostimulation accelerated significantly (p < 0.05) the diesel degradation in the contaminated loam soil and sea sand. Supplementing fertilizers to the augmented loam samples did not result in a significantly higher degradation rate. Furthermore, A. calcoaceticus LT1 alone failed to stimulate higher degradation rates in sea sand unless further supplementation of fertilizer. The results from environmental scanning electron microscopy demonstrate the population increases, then decreases in augmented samples corresponding to the level of diesel degradation. Fungi-like microorganisms became dominant in contaminated loam soil at the end of the study but not in sea sand. The study shows that it is critical not only to understand the physiology of the inoculum but also how it affects microbial community structure and function before the microorganism being introduced in the contaminated soil.

http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/PDF/pdf2010/11Oct/Singh%20and%20Lin.pdf

Biodegradation Potential and Influencing Factors of a Special Microorganism to Treat Petrochemical Wastewater

Autor: Q. Zhou, B. Shen Fuente: Petroleum Science and Technology, Volume 28, Issue 2, Pages 135 - 145 Resumen:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential ability of an active microorganism on the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the petrochemical wastewater from Sinopec Shanghai Petroleum and Chemical Company Limited, China. In lab-scale batch experiments, by using this special functional microorganism to treat the pollutant, the

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http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/PDF/pdf2010/11Oct/Singh%20and%20Lin.pdf


wastewater was purified as one of the applications of the bioaugmentation technique. Results from this study showed that the biodegradation was quicker and more effective than the natural and physical degradation. The wastewater was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and it indicated that the dominant pollutants of the wastewater were petroleum-based normal-alkanes (C15-C30). The concentration of microorganism, aeration time, and temperature of biodegradation all influence the potential biodegradation ability. Meanwhile, the biodegradation capability to biodegrade hydrocarbons by this microorganism is the average removal of total petroleum hydrocarbon and was approximately 85% with chemical oxygen demand about 65%. This study provides a feasible technology for the treatment of hydrocarbon-rich wastewater from petrochemical industries and petroleum refineries.


Bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil: Comparison of different biostimulation and bioaugmentation treatments

Autor: Y. Xu, M. LuFuente: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 183, Issues 3-5, Pages 395-401 Resumen:

Biostimulation with inorganic fertilizer and bioaugmentation with hydrocarbon utilizing indigenous bacteria were employed as remedial options for 12 weeks in a crude oil-contaminated soil. To promote oil removal, biocarrier for immobilization of indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria was developed using peanut hull powder. Biodegradation was enhanced with free-living bacterial culture and biocarrier with a total petroleum hydrocarbon removal ranging from 26% to 61% after a 12-week treatment. Oil removal was also enhanced when peanut hull powder was only used as a bulking agent, which accelerated the mass transfer rate of water, oxygen, nutrients and hydrocarbons, and provided nutrition for the microflora. Dehydrogenase activity in soil was remarkably enhanced by the application of carrier material. Metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TGF-50J4MM4-C&_user=10&_coverDate=11%2F15%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=146c0f65b353ca6deea4eeb7b9cc1391&searchtype=a

Bioremediation of glyphosate-contaminated soilsAutor: I. T. Ernakova, N. I. Kiseleva, T. Shushkova, M. Zharikov, G. A. Zharikov, A. A. Leontievsky Fuente: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Volume 88, Issue 2, Pages 585-594Resumen:

Based on the results of laboratory and field experiments, we performed a comprehensive assessment of the bioremediation efficiency of glyphosate-contaminated soddy-podzol soil. The selected bacterial strains Achromobacter sp. Kg 16 (VKM B-

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2534D) and Ochrobactrum anthropi GPK 3 (VKM B-2554D) were used for the aerobic degradation of glyphosate. They demonstrated high viability in soil with the tenfold higher content of glyphosate than the recommended dose for the single in situ treatment of weeds. The strains provided a two- to threefold higher rate of glyphosate degradation as compared to indigenous soil microbial community. Within 1-2 weeks after the strain introduction, the glyphosate content of the treated soil decreased and integral toxicity and phytotoxicity diminished to values of non-contaminated soil. The decrease in the glyphosate content restored soil biological activity, as is evident from a more than twofold increase in the dehydrogenase activity of indigenous soil microorganisms and their biomass (1.2-fold and 1.6-fold for saprotrophic bacteria and fungi, respectively). The glyphosate-degrading strains used in this study are not pathogenic for mammals and do not exhibit integral toxicity and phytotoxicity. Therefore, these strains are suitable for the efficient, ecologically safe, and rapid bioremediation of glyphosate-contaminated soils.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20676632

Bioremediation of heavy metals by growing hyperaccumulaor endophytic bacterium Bacillus sp. L14

Autor: H. Guo, S. Luo, L. Chen, X. Xiao, Q. Xi, W. Wei, G. Zeng, C. Liu, Y. Wan, J. Chen, Y. HeFuente: Bioresource Technology, Volume 101, Issue 22, Pages 8599-8605 Resumen:

Heavy metal bioremediation by a multi-metal resistant endophytic bacteria L14 (EB L14) isolated from the cadmium hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. was characterized for its potential application in metal treatment. 16S rDNA analysis revealed that this endophyte belonged to Bacillus sp. The hormesis of EB L14 were observed in presence of divalent heavy metals (Cu (II), Cd (II) and Pb (II)) at a relatively lower concentration (10 mg/L). Such hormesis was the side effect of abnormal activities increases of ATPase which was planned to provide energy to help EB L14 reduce the toxicity of heavy metals by exporting the cations. Within 24 h incubation, EB L14 could specifically uptake 75.78%, 80.48%, 21.25% of Cd (II), Pb (II) and Cu (II) under the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. However, nearly no chromium uptake was observed. The mechanism study indicated that its remediation efficiencies may be greatly promoted through inhibiting the activities of ATPase. The excellent adaptation abilities and promising remediation efficiencies strongly indicated the superiority of this endophyte in heavy metal bioremediation at low concentrations, which could be useful for developing efficient metal removal system.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V24-50H224F-G&_user=10&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=18a77047bd6b539bb4a9170837991c82&searchtype=a

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Bioremediation of marine sediments contaminated by hydrocarbons: Experimental analysis and kinetic modeling

Autor: F. Beolchini, L. Rocchetti, F. Regoli, A. Dell’Anno Fuente: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 182, Issues 1-3, Pages 403-407 Resumen:

This work deals with bioremediation experiments on harbor sediments contaminated by aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), investigating the effects of a continuous supply of inorganic nutrients and sand amendments on the kinetics of microbial growth and hydrocarbon degradation. Inorganic nutrients stimulated microbial growth and enhanced the biodegradation of low and high molecular weight hydrocarbons, whereas sand amendment increased only the removal of high molecular weight compounds. The simultaneous addition of inorganic nutrients and sand provided the highest biodegradation (>70% for aliphatic hydrocarbons and 40% for PAHs). A semi-empirical kinetic model was successfully fitted to experimental temporal changes of hydrocarbon residual concentrations and microbial abundances. The estimated values for parameters allowed to calculate a doubling time of 2.9 d and a yield coefficient biomass/hydrocarbons 0.39 g C biomass g-1C hydrocarbons, for the treatment with the highest hydrocarbon biodegradation yield. A comparison between the organic carbon demand and temporal profiles of hydrocarbons residual concentration allowed also to calculate the relative contribution of contaminants to carbon supply, in the range 5–32%. This suggests that C availability in the sediments, influencing prokaryotic metabolism, may have cascade effects on biodegradation rates of hydrocarbons. Even if these findings do not represent a general rule and site-specific studies are needed, the approach used here can be a relevant support tool when designing bioremediation strategies on site.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TGF-50BJNV7-1&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F15%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=73239833b47a07920be394cf93e4e227&searchtype=a

Bioremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soils by native microflora and bioaugmentation with Sphingobium chlorophenolicum strain C3R: A feasibility study in solid- and slurry-phase microcosms

Autor: M. Colombo, L. Cavalca, S. Bernasconi, V. Andreoni Fuente: International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, Article in PressResumen:

The aim of the research was to verify if a Sphingobium chlorophenolicum strain C3R was effective in the degradation of phenanthrene (Ph) in agricultural soil co-contaminated by metals and mixtures of PAHs. The presence of PAHs in mixtures produced interactive effects which could either increase or decrease the utilization rate of Ph by C3R and by the native bacterial microflora. Bioaugmentation significantly improved the biodegradation rate of Ph in the presence of both cadmium and arsenic and PAH mixtures. The augmented C3R strain persisted in inoculated microcosms as monitored by the DGGE analysis and outcompeted some indigenous bacteria. The potential role of the soil bacteria in PAH degradation could be envisaged. The results indicate the applicability of S. chlorophenolicum C3R toward in situ bioremediation of

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sites contaminated with phenanthrene alone or co-contaminated with low molecular weight PAHs and with cadmium and arsenate.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VG6-51N7C7C-2&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F08%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=bb97041431bb3d13217984c403a3c2f8&searchtype=a

Bioremediation of wastewaters with recalcitrant organic compounds and metals by aerobic granules

Autor: A.M. Maszenan, Y. Liu, W. J. Ng Fuente: Biotechnology Advances, Volume 29, Issue 1, Pages 111-123 Resumen:

Compared to activated sludge flocs, aerobic granules have a regular shape, and a compact and dense structure which enhances settleability, higher biomass retention, multi-microbial functions, higher tolerance to toxicity, greater tolerance to shock loading, and relatively low excess sludge production. The potential for improved process efficiency and cost-effectiveness can be attractive when it is applied to both municipal and industrial wastewaters. This review discusses potential applications of aerobic granulation technology in wastewater treatment while drawing attention to relevant findings such as diffusion gradients existing in aerobic granules which help the biomass cope with inhibitory compounds and the ability of granules to continue degradation of inhibitory compounds at extreme acid and alkaline pHs.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4X-516MRBY-1&_user=10&_coverDate=02%2F28%2F2011&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=b7923f55b3a59275219a677d86acbf72&searchtype=a

BTEX biodegradation by bacteria from effluents of petroleum refineryAutor: D. E. Mazzeo, C. E. Levy, D. de F. de Angelis, M. A. Marin-MoralesFuente: The Science of the Total Environment, Volume 408, Issue 20, Pages 4334-4340 Resumen:

Groundwater contamination with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) has been increasing, thus requiring an urgent development of methodologies that are able to remove or minimize the damages these compounds can cause to the environment. The biodegradation process using microorganisms has been regarded as an efficient technology to treat places contaminated with hydrocarbons, since they are able to biotransform and/or biodegrade target pollutants. To prove the efficiency of this process, besides chemical analysis, the use of biological assessments has been indicated. This work identified and selected BTEX-biodegrading microorganisms present in effluents from petroleum refinery, and evaluated the efficiency of microorganism biodegradation process for reducing genotoxic and mutagenic BTEX damage through two test-systems: Allium cepa and hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells. Five different non-biodegraded BTEX concentrations were evaluated in relation to biodegraded concentrations. The biodegradation process was performed in a BOD Trak Apparatus

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(HACH) for 20 days, using microorganisms pre-selected through enrichment. Although the biodegradation usually occurs by a consortium of different microorganisms, the consortium in this study was composed exclusively of five bacteria species and the bacteria Pseudomonas putida was held responsible for the BTEX biodegradation. The chemical analyses showed that BTEX was reduced in the biodegraded concentrations. The results obtained with genotoxicity assays, carried out with both A. cepa and HTC cells, showed that the biodegradation process was able to decrease the genotoxic damages of BTEX. By mutagenic tests, we observed a decrease in damage only to the A. cepa organism. Although no decrease in mutagenicity was observed for HTC cells, no increase of this effect after the biodegradation process was observed either. The application of pre-selected bacteria in biodegradation processes can represent a reliable and effective tool in the treatment of water contaminated with BTEX mixture. Therefore, the raw petroleum refinery effluent might be a source of hydrocarbon-biodegrading microorganisms.


Characterization of a bacterial strain capable of degrading DDT congeners and its use in bioremediation of contaminated soil

Autor: H. Fang, B. Dong, H. Yan, F. Tang, Y. YuFuente: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 184, Issues 1-3, Pages 281-289 Resumen:

A bacterial strain DDT-6 (D6) capable of utilizing dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) (DDTs) as its sole carbon and energy source was isolated and identified as Sphingobacterium sp. The degradation of DDTs by strain D6 in mineral salt medium and in field soil was investigated. The half-lives of the degradation of DDTs increased with increasing concentration ranging from 1 to 50 mg L−1. Favorable degradation conditions for DDTs by strain D6 were found to be pH 7.0 and 30 °C. The degradation of DDTs by strain D6 was found to be statistically significantly enhanced (p ≤ 0.05) by the addition of glucose. Based on the metabolites detected, a pathway was proposed for DDT degradation in which it undergoes dechlorination, hydrogenation, dioxygenation, decarboxylation, hydroxylation, and phenyl ring-cleavage reactions to complete the mineralization process. The addition of strain D6 into the contaminated soils was found to statistically significantly enhance (p ≤ 0.05) the degradation of DDTs. The results indicate that the isolate D6 can be used successfully for the removal or detoxification of residues of DDTs in contaminated soil.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TGF-50T41PS-8&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F15%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=4e0ae670c69f4a8e2b85c43782ad48d1&searchtype=a

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Characterization of a fenpropathrin-degrading strain and construction of a genetically engineered microorganism for simultaneous degradation of methyl parathion and fenpropathrin

Autor: Y. Hong, J. Zhou, Q. Hong, Q. Wang, J. Jiang, S. LiFuente: Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 91, Issue 11, Pages 2295-2300 Resumen:

A gram-negative fenpropathrin-degrading bacterial strain Sphingobium sp. JQL4-5 was isolated from the wastewater treatment sludge of an insecticide factory. Strain JQL4-5 showed the ability to degrade other pyrethroid insecticides, but it was not able to degrade methyl parathion. To enhance its degrading range of substrate, a methyl parathion hydrolase gene (mpd) was successfully introduced into the chromosome of strain JQL4-5 with a mini-Tn-transposon system. A genetically engineered microorganism (GEM) named JQL4-5-mpd resulted, which was capable of simultaneously degrading methyl parathion and fenpropathrin. Soil treatment results indicated that JQL4-5-mpd is a promising multifunctional bacterium in the bioremediation of multiple pesticide-contaminated environments.


Comparative bioremediation potential of four rhizospheric microbial species against lindanestar

Autor: P.C. Abhilash, S. Srivastava, N. SingFuente: Chemosphere, Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 56-63 Resumen:

Four microbial species (Kocuria rhizophila, Microbacterium resistens, Staphylococcus equorum and Staphylococcus cohnii subspecies urealyticus) were isolated from the rhizospheric zone of selected plants growing in a lindane contaminated environment and acclimatized in lindane spiked media (5–100 μg mL−1). The isolated species were inoculated with soil containing 5, 50 and 100 mg kg−1 of lindane and incubated at room temperature. Soil samples were collected periodically to evaluate the microbial dissipation kinetics, dissipation rate, residual lindane concentration and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). There was a marked difference (p < 0.05) in the MBC content and lindane dissipation rate of microbial isolates cultured in three different lindane concentrations. Further, the dissipation rate tended to decrease with increasing lindane concentrations. After 45 d, the residual lindane concentrations in three different spiked soils were reduced to 0%, 41% and 33%, respectively. Among the four species, S. cohnii subspecies urealyticus exhibited maximum dissipation (41.65 mg kg−1) and can be exploited for the in situ remediation of low to medium level lindane contaminated soils.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V74-51C9PG1-3&_user=10&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2011&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=9ff326e65e53ac16b2f169e08f167b04&searchtype=a

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Construction of a genetically engineered microorganism with high tolerance to arsenite and strong arsenite oxidative ability

Autor: C. Yang, l. Xu, L. Yan, Y. XuFuente: Journal of Environmental Science and Health, part A: Toxic/hazardous substances and environmental engineering, Voluem 45, Issue 6, Pages 732-737Resumen:

Genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) have shown great potential for use in environmental bioremediation. In this study, the TTHB128 and TTHB127 genes, which encode the small and large subunits of arsentie oxidase in Thermus thermophilus HB8, respectively, were cloned into the broad-host-range vector pBBR1MCS-5 to produce the recombinant plasmid, TTHB127-pBBR1MCS-5-TTHB128. This resulted in successful construction of a GEM with high tolerance to arsenite and strong arsenite oxidative ability. Culture of the GEM in media containing arsenite for 28 h resulted in 87.6% of the arsenite being oxidized. Overall, the oxidative ability of the GEM was much stronger than that of the wild type host strain. Gentamicin was necessary to maintain the stability of the recombinant plasmid, TTHB127-pBBR1MCS-5-TTHB128, in the GEM. The oxidative ability of the GEM remained unchanged when it was grown in medium containing gentamicin (60 mg/L) for 30 growth cycles, after which its activity gradually decreased.


Evolution of bacterial community during bioremediation of PAHs in a coal tar contaminated soil

Autor: C. Lors, A. Ryngaert, F. Périé, L. Diels, D. Damidot Fuente: Chemosphere, Voluem 81, Issue 10, Pages 1263-1271 Resumen:

The monitoring of a windrow treatment applied to soil contaminated by mostly 2-, 3- and 4-ring PAHs produced by coal tar distillation was performed by following the evolution of both PAH concentration and the bacterial community. Total and PAH-degrading bacterial community structures were followed by 16S rRNA PCR–DGGE in parallel with quantification by bacterial counts and 16 PAH measurements. Six months of biological treatment led to a strong decrease in 2-, 3- and 4-ring PAH concentrations (98, 97 and 82% respectively). This result was associated with the activity of bacterial PAH-degraders belonging mainly to the Gamma-proteobacteria, in particular, the Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas genera, which were detected over the course of the treatment. This group was considered to be a good bioindicator to determine the potential PAH biodegradation of contaminated soil. Conversely, other species, like the Beta-proteobacteria, were detected after 3 months, when 2-, 3- and 4-ring PAHs were almost completely degraded. Thus, presence of the Beta-proteobacteria group could be considered a good candidate indicator to estimate the endpoint of biotreatment of this type of PAH-contaminated soil.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V74-5172K72-1&_user=10&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=28791308a39b846e7d8cc2038399f468&searchtype=a

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Genetically engineered oil-eating microbes for bioremediation: Prospects and regulatory challenges

Autor: O. C. Ezezika, P. A. Singer Fuente: Technology in Society, Volume 32, Issue 4, Pages 331-335Resumen:

The use of genetic engineering to enhance the natural capacity of microorganisms for remediation has become very promising with new scientific discoveries occurring every year. Unfortunately, the application and commercialization of this technology has not kept pace with these research discoveries. This article uses two examples of genetically engineered microorganisms that were designed but never deployed in the clean-up of wastes to show how the application of genetically engineered microbes for bioremediation has not progressed in line with other biotechnological innovations. We argue that a more risk-based regulatory environment that fosters commercialization is important. In addition, we show how scientists could foster the commercialization of genetically engineered microbes for bioremediation through the use of technical safeguards and the consideration of regulatory challenges at the onset of their research. The lessons provided by these challenges could be applicable to current biotechnological innovations that face similar regulatory challenges.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V80-51H5HDD-1&_user=10&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=3c38a518c6e17cf9ac055b439212b564&searchtype=a

Isolation of pesticide-degrading actinomycetes from a contaminated site: Bacterial growth, removal and dechlorination of organochlorine pesticides

Autor: M.S. Fuentes, C.S. Benimeli, S.A. Cuozzo, M.J. Amoroso Fuente. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, Volume 64, Issue 6, Pages 434-441 Resumen:

Organochlorine pesticides are notorious, due to their high toxicity, persistence in the environment and their tendency to bioaccumulate. Their extensive use in the northwest of Argentina has left residues in the environment.Microbial degradation is an important process for pesticide bioremediation and actinomycetes have a great potential for that.The current study examined organochlorine pesticides in contaminated soil. Indigenous actinomycetes were isolated from contaminated samples to evaluate bacterial growth as well as pesticide removal and release of chloride ions as a result of degradation.Most of the isolated microorganisms belonged to the Streptomyces genus, except one, which belonged to Micromonospora. Bacterial growth depended on the microorganism and the pesticide present (chlordane, lindane or methoxychlor). Highest growth and pesticide removal were observed with chlordane. Twelve out of 18 studied strains released chloride into culture supernatants, and percentages were higher with chlordane as carbon source than with lindane or methoxychlor. These results are supported by principal component analysis.

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This is the first report about actinomycetes isolated from an illegal storage of organochlorine pesticide in Argentina with capacity to growth, remove and use different organochlorine pesticide.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VG6-50819MG-1&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1587335555&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=14654fe09c06cb45f679cadbde7245a0&searchtype=aç

Mercury-resistant bacterial strains Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter spp. isolated from sediments of Orbetello Lagoon (Italy) and their possible use in bioremediation processes

Autor: M. Pepi , C. Gaggi, E. Bernardini, S. Focardi, A. Lobianco, M. Ruta, V. Nicolardi, M. Volterrani, S. Gasperini, G. Trinchera, P. Renzi, M. Gabellini, S. E. Focardi Fuente: International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, Article in PressResumen:

This study was aimed to isolate Hg-resistant bacteria from contaminated sediments of the Orbetello Lagoon in Italy and to assess their possible use as biofilms in bioremediation processes. Enrichment cultures prepared from contaminated sediments in the presence of 0.05 mM of mercury and under aerobic conditions allowed the isolation of five heterotrophic bacterial strains. 16S rDNA gene sequencing assigned the isolated strains to the genera Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter. For the first time mercury-resistant bacterial strains belonging to the genus Psychrobacter were evidenced. Minimum inhibitory concentrations in the presence of HgCl2 and of CH3HgCl showed high levels of resistance. EC50 values for the isolated bacterial strains in the presence of HgCl2 and of CH3HgCl confirmed the adaptation to the metal. Hg-resistant strains ORHg1, ORHg4 and ORHg5 showed the capacity to volatilize inorganic and organic mercury to elemental mercury, and formed biofilms on pumice particles, and were shown to play a role in the removal of mercury from sediment leachates. This study reports isolation and characterization of new Hg-resistant bacterial strains and provides novel insight into their possible use in bioremediation processes of mercury polluted sediments.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VG6-51B8G56-2&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F27%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=d0b5dfe665186b825d77b1e95979c23a&searchtype=a

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VG6-50819MG-1&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1587335555&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=14654fe09c06cb45f679cadbde7245a0&searchtype=a%C3%A7



Microbial communities involved in the bioremediation of an aged recalcitrant hydrocarbon polluted soil by using organic amendments

Autor: M. Ros, I. Rodríguez, C. García, T. Hernández Fuente: Bioresource Technology, Volume 101, Issue 18, Pages 6916-6923 Resumen:

An 8-month field bioremediation experiment using fresh (FS) and composted (CS) sewage sludge and unamended soil (US) was carried out on an aged hydrocarbon contaminated semi-arid soil. FS treatments led to the highest percentage of hydrocarbon degradation (46%) and the highest bacterial and fungal population. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated differences in bacterial and fungal community structure of treated compared to uncontaminated soil (control). Time of sampling accounted for most of the differences than type of treatment. The principal phyla observed in bioremediation treatments were Actinobacteria and Ascomycota. Results pointed to the addition of organic amendments, particularly sewage sludge, as an useful strategy for improving the effectiveness of landfarming biodegradation processes in hydrocarbon polluted soils.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V24-4YX0BKB-3&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=68e98f4defbfc757b6dbf23bcf3dfc02&searchtype=a

Microbial degradation of tetrachloromethane: mechanisms and perspectives for bioremediation

Autor: C. Penny, S. Vuilleumier, F. BringelFuente: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Volume 74, Issue 2, Pages 257-275Resumen:

Toxic man-made compounds released into the environment represent potential nutrients for bacteria, and microorganisms growing with such compounds as carbon and energy sources can be used to clean up polluted sites. However, in some instances, microorganisms contribute to contaminant degradation without any apparent benefit for themselves. Such cometabolism plays an important part in bioremediation, but is often difficult to control. Microbial degradation of tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride, CCl4), a toxic ozone-depleting organic solvent mainly of anthropogenic origin, is only known to occur by cometabolic reduction under anoxic conditions. Yet no microbial system capable of using CCl4 as the sole carbon source has been described. Microbial growth based on CCl4 as a terminal electron acceptor has not been reported, although corresponding degradation pathways would yield sufficient energy. Known modes for the biodegradation of CCl4 involve several microbial metabolites, mainly metal-bound coenzymes and siderophores, which are produced by facultative or strictly anaerobic bacteria and methanogenic Archaea. Recent reports have demonstrated that CCl4 dechlorination rates are enhanced by redox-active organic compounds such as humic acids and quinones, which act as shuttles between electron-providing microorganisms and CCl4 as a strong electron acceptor. The key factors underlying dechlorination of CCl4, the practical aspects and specific requirements for microorganism-associated

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degradation of CCl4 at contaminated sites and perspectives for future developments are discussed.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00935.x/abstract

Mineralization of PCBs by the genetically modified strain Cupriavidus necator JMS34 and its application for bioremediation of PCBs in soil

Autor: J. M. Saavedra, F. Acevedo, M. González, M. SeegerFuente: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Volume 87, Issue 4, Pages 1543-1554Resumen:

Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are classified as "high-priority pollutants." Diverse microorganisms are able to degrade PCBs. However, bacterial degradation of PCBs is generally incomplete, leading to the accumulation of chlorobenzoates (CBAs) as dead-end metabolites. To obtain a microorganism able to mineralize PCB congeners, the bph locus of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, which encodes one of the most effective PCB degradation pathways, was incorporated into the genome of the CBA-degrading bacterium Cupriavidus necator JMP134-X3. The bph genes were transferred into strain JMP134-X3, using the mini-Tn5 transposon system and biparental mating. The genetically modified derivative, C. necator strain JMS34, had only one chromosomal insertion of bph locus, which was stable under nonselective conditions. This modified bacterium was able to grow on biphenyl, 3-CBA and 4-CBA, and degraded 3,5-CBA in the presence of m-toluate. The strain JMS34 mineralized 3-CB, 4-CB, 2,4'-CB, and 3,5-CB, without accumulation of CBAs. Bioaugmentation of PCB-polluted soils with C. necator strain JMS34 and with the native B. xenovorans LB400 was monitored. It is noteworthy that strain JMS34 degraded, in 1 week, 99% of 3-CB and 4-CB and approximately 80% of 2,4'-CB in nonsterile soil, as well as in sterile soil. Additionally, the bacterial count of strain JMS34 increased by almost two orders of magnitude in PCB-polluted nonsterile soil. In contrast, the presence of native microflora reduced the degradation of these PCBs by strain LB400 from 73% (sterile soil) to approximately 50% (nonsterile soil). This study contributes to the development of improved biocatalysts for remediation of PCB-contaminated environments.


Rapid Biodegradation of Benzo[a]pyrene by Bacillus subtilis BUM Under Thermophilic Condition

Autor: Z. Zhao, J. W.-C. Wong Fuente: Environmental Engineering Science. Voluem 27, Issue 11, Pages 939-945 Resumen:

Two thermophilic bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis BUM (BUM) and Mycobacterium vanbaalenii BU42 (BU42), were tested for their potential in biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene. Neither BUM nor BU42 utilized benzo[a]pyrene as the sole substrate under thermophilic condition. In the presence of 50, 250, and 500mg L−1 phenanthrene, the biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene by BUM occurred and removals in 30 days were 14.8%, 38.8%, and 63.6%, respectively. This is the first report on the biodegradation of

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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00935.x/abstract

benzo[a]pyrene by isolated thermophilic microorganism. The BUM strain was further tested for its ability in a soil composting system. Within a composting period of 42 days, removal of benzo[a]pyrene in the absence of BUM was 30.3%. Treatment with the inoculation of BUM significantly increased the removal of benzo[a]pyrene to 52.2%. Maximum zero-order degradation rates of benzo[a]pyrene by BUM in aqueous biodegradation experiment and soil composting system were 12.3mg L−1 day−1 and 9.7mg kg−1 day−1, respectively, which were significantly greater than most of the reported degradation rates by mesophiles. Experimental results affirmed that the strain BUM can effectively degrade benzo[a]pyrene under thermophilic condition.

http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ees.2010.0101?journalCode=ees

Screening of PAH-degrading bacteria in a mangrove swamp using PCR-RFLP

Autor: H. Liu, C. Yang, Y. Tian, G. Lin, T. ZhengFuente: Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 60, Issue 11, Pages 2056-2061Resumen:

There are abundant PAH-degrading bacteria in mangrove sediments, and it is very important to screen the high efficiency degraders in order to perform bioremediation of PAH polluted environments. In order to obtain the more highly efficient PAH-degrading bacteria from a mangrove swamp, we first obtained 62 strains of PAH-degrading bacteria using traditional culture methods and based on their morphological characteristics. We then used the modern molecular biological technology of PCR-RFLP, in which the 16S rDNA of these strains were digested by different enzymes. Based on differences in the PCR-RFLP profiles, we obtained five strains of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria, five strains of pyrene-degrading bacteria, four strains of fluoranthene-degrading bacteria, five strains of benzo[a]pyrene-degrading bacteria and two strains of mixed PAH-degrading bacteria (including phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene). Finally, a total of 14 different PAH-degrading bacteria were obtained. The 16S rDNA sequences of these strains were aligned with the BLAST program on the NCBI website and it was found that they belonged to the α-proteobacteria and γ-proteobacteria, including four strains, where the similarities were no more than 97% and which were suspected therefore to be new species. This study indicated that PCR-RFLP was a very important method to screen degrading-bacteria, and also a significant molecular biological tool for the rapid classification and accurate identification of many different strains. On the other hand, it also showed that rich bacterial resources existed in mangrove areas, and that exploring and developing the functional microorganism from these mangrove areas would have wide use in the study of bioremediation of contaminated environments in the future.


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http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ees.2010.0101?journalCode=ees

Synthesis and Utilization of E. coli-Encapsulated PEG-Based Microdroplet Using a Microfluidic Chip for Biological Application

Autor: K.G. Lee,T. Jung Park, S. Y. Soo, K. W. Wang, B. I.I. Kim, J. H. Park, C.-S. Lee, D. H. Kim, S. J. LeeFuente: Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Volume 107, Pages 747–751 Resumen:

We report herein an effective strategy for encapsulating Escherichia coli in polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) microdroplets using a microfluidic device and chemical polymerization. PEGDA was employed as a reactant due to the biocompatibility, high porosity, and hydrophilic property. The uniform size and shape of microdroplets are obtained in a single-step process using microfluidic device. The size of microdroplets can be controlled through the changing continuous flow rate. The combination of microdroplet generation and chemical polymerization techniques provide unique environment to produce non-toxic ways of fabricating microorganism-encapsulated hydrogel microbeads. Due to these unique properties of micro-sized hydrogel microbeads, the encapsulated E. coli can maintain viability inside of microbeads and green fluorescent protein (GFP) and red fluorescent protein (RFP) genes are efficiently expressed inside of microbeads after isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside induction, suggesting that there is no low-molecular weight substrate transfer limitation inside of microbeads. Furthermore, non-toxic, gentle, and outstanding biocompatibility of microbeads, the encapsulated E. coli can be used in various applications including biotransformation, biosensing, bioremediation, and engineering of artificial cells.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bit.22861/abstract

The role of salicylate and biosurfactant in inducing phenanthrene degradation in batch soil slurries

Autor: Gottfried, A., N. Singhal, R. Elliot, S. SwiftFuente: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Volume 86, Issue 5, Pages 1563-1571Resumen:

The majority of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sorb strongly to soil organic matter posing a complex barrier to biodegradation. Biosurfactants can increase soil-sorbed PAHs desorption, solubilisation, and dissolution into the aqueous phase, which increases the bioavailability of PAHs for microbial metabolism. In this study, biosurfactants, carbon sources, and metabolic pathway inducers were tested as stimulators of microorganism degradation. Phenanthrene served as a model PAH and Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17484 was used as the phenanthrene degrading microorganism for the liquid solutions and soil used in this investigation. Bench-scale trials demonstrated that the addition of rhamnolipid biosurfactant increases the apparent aqueous solubility of phenanthrene, and overall degradation by at least 20% when combined with salicylate or glucose in liquid solution, when compared to solutions that contained salicylate or glucose with no biosurfactant. However, salicylate addition, with

23


no biosurfactant addition, increased the total degradation of phenanthrene 30% more than liquid systems with only biosurfactant addition. In soil slurries, small amounts of biosurfactant (0.25 g/L) showed a significant increase in total removal when only biosurfactant was added. In soil slurries containing salicylate, the effects of biosurfactant additions were negligible as there was greater than 90% removal, regardless of the biosurfactant concentration. The results of experiments performed in this study provide further evidence that an in situ enhancement strategy for phenanthrene degradation could focus on providing additional carbon substrates to induce metabolic pathway catabolic enzyme production, if degradation pathway intermediates are known.


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2009

Biodegradation of Stored jet Fuel by a Nocardia sp. Isolated from Contaminated Soil

Autor: E. de Barros Gomes, A. Ururahy Soriano, R. de Cássia Mendonça de Miranda, M. de F. Vieira de Queiroz Sousa, N. Pereira Jr.Fuente: Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, Volume 52, Issue 5, Pages 1279-1284Resumen:

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of degradation of an autochthonous bacterial strain, isolated from petroleum derivatives contaminated soil samples against jet fuel hydrocarbons. The autochthonous bacterial strain was characterized as Nocardia sp. Evaluation of their degrading abilities was carried out by presumptive assays as redox indicator test and by observations of surface tension decreases in aqueous medium. Degradation of jet fuel hydrocarbons was evaluated by chromatographic methods. Experiments were performed in flasks at two biostimulation rates. A bacterial strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa UFPEDA 39 was utilized as a reference microorganism. The bacterial strain, identified as Nocardia sp, demonstrate high ability to degrade jet fuel compounds as well as to produce surface active compounds when compared to the reference microrganism.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/babt/v52n5/v52n5a27.pdf

Biological treatment of saline wastewater using a salt-tolerant microorganism

Autor: S.I. Abou-Elela , M. M. Kamel, M. E. Fawzy Fuente: Desalination, Volume 250, Issue 1, Pages 1-5Resumen:

Biological aerobic treatment of saline wastewater provides the material of this study. A salt-tolerant microorganism (Staphylococcus xylosus) was isolated from a vegetable pickled plant containing about 7.2% salt. Selection, identification and characterization of the microorganism were carried out. The isolated microorganism was used as inoculum for biodegradation. An activated sludge reactor operated in a fed-batch mode was used for the treatment of synthetic saline wastewater using three different microbial cultures namely: activated sludge (100%), a mixture of Staphylococcus supplement by activated sludge (1:1) and pure S. xylosus (100%) at different salt concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3% NaCl. The results obtained showed that at low NaCl concentration (1%), the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) using different microbial cultures were almost the same (80–90%). However, increasing the NaCl concentration to 2% and using Staphylococcus-supplemented mixture by activated sludge and S. xylosus alone improved the treatment performance as indicated by COD removal rates which reached 91% and 93.4%, respectively, while the system performance started to deteriorate when activated bacterial culture was used alone (74%). Furthermore, the increase in NaCl concentration up to 3% and with the inclusion of Staphylococcus-supplemented mixture by activated sludge increased the COD removal to 93%, while the use of S. xylosus alone further improved the COD removal rate up to 94%. Also, the use of S. xylosus

25

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/babt/v52n5/v52n5a27.pdf

alone proved to be capable for biological treatment of a real case study of a vegetable pickled wastewater containing 7.2% salinity; the removal efficiency of COD reached 88% at this very high concentration of NaCl.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TFX-4XG3D6G-9&_user=10&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1587366099&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=598bbaf10f741cb6c5a6b3f8ee56b57b&searchtype=a

Bioremediation of Fenvalerate by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Scale up Bioreactor

Autor: M. H. FulekarFuente: Romanian Biotechnological Letters, Volume 14, Issue 6, Pages 4900-4905Resumen:

The potential of microorganisms has been assessed for bioremediation of fenvalerate using the scale up process followed by bioremediation in bioreactor under controlled environmental conditions.Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate NCIM 2074 was adapted to varying concentration of fenvalerate Viz. 10,25,50,75,100 mg/l in an incubator shaker at 37º C and 150 rpm. An initial 10 mg/l concentration of fenvalerate was added in a minimal salt medium (MSM) and subjected to incubation for 14 days with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and thereafter the culture was scaled up to higher concentration of fenvalerate by transferring one milliliter of MSM to 25,50,75,100 over a period of 70 days at a frequency of 14 days. The fenvalerate concentration after every 14 days was assessed by GC-MS for the adaptability of microorganism for biodegradation. The research findings show that 10 mg/l fenvalerate was completely degraded within a period of 14 days in MSM; whereas in the concentration ranging from 25 to 100 mg/l fenvalerate in MSM, the bioremediation rate was found decreasing with increasing concentration. Fenvalerate at 50 and 100 ppm concentration was found inhibiting to the microorganism. The adapted microorganism, after scale up process was bioremediated in a flask shaker method at 10, 25 50 mg/l in MSM separately under controlled environmental conditions. The parent compound was found biodegraded into the primary metabolite 4-chloro-α (1-methylethyl) benzene acetic acid and α -cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol and 3-Phenoxy benzoic acid. These intermediates in long run on acclimatization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa might converts into environment friendly compounds. The research findings show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa has the potential to degrade the toxic compound such as fenvalerate ranging from 10 to 25 ppm. This technology would be beneficial to pesticides industry for bioremediation of pesticide fenvalerate.

http://www.rombio.eu/rbl6vol14/Lucr%2018%20Fulekar.pdf

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http://www.rombio.eu/rbl6vol14/Lucr%2018%20Fulekar.pdf




Bioremediation of soil heavily contaminated with crude oil and its products: Composition of the microbial consortium

Autor: J. S. Milic, V. P. Beskoski, M. V. Ilic, S. A. M. Ali, G. D. Gojic-Cvijovic, M. Vrivic Fuente: Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, Volume 74, Issue 4, Pages 455-460Resumen:

Bioremediation, a process that utilizes the capability of microorganism to degrade toxic waste, is emerging as a promising technology for the treatment of soil and groundwater contamination. The technology is very effective in dealing with petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. The aim of this study was to examine the composition of the microbial consortium during the ex situ experiment of bioremediation of soil heavily contaminated with crude oil and its products from the Oil Refinery Pančevo, Serbia. After a 5.5-month experiment with biostimulation and bioventilation, the concentration of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) had been reduced from 29.80 to 3.29 g/kg (89 %). In soil, the dominant microorganism population comprised Gram-positive bacteria from actinomycete-Nocardia group. The microorganisms which decompose hydrocarbons were the dominant microbial population at the end of the process, with a share of more than 80 % (range 107 CFU/g). On the basis of the results, it was concluded that a stable microbial community had been formed after initial fluctuations.

http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0352-5139/2009/0352-51390904455M.pdf

Enrichment and isolation of endosulfan-degrading microorganism from tropical acid soil

Autor: S. S. Kalyani, J. Sharma, S. Singh, P. Dureja, P. LataFuente: Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes, Volume 44, Issue 7, Pages 663-672Resumen:

Endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,3,4-benzo-dioxathiepin-3-oxide) is a cyclodiene organochlorine currently used as an insecticide all over the world and its residues are posing a serious environmental threat. This study reports the enrichment and isolation of a microbial culture capable of degrading endosulfan with minimal production of endosulfan sulfate, the toxic metabolite of endosulfan, from tropical acid soil. Enrichment was achieved by using the insecticide as sole sulfur source. The enriched microbial culture, SKL-1, later identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, degraded up to 50.25 and 69.77 % of alpha and beta endosulfan, respectively in 20 days. Percentage of bioformation of endosulfan sulfate to total formation was 2.12% by the 20th day of incubation. Degradation of the insecticide was concomitant with bacterial growth reaching up to an optical density of 600 nm (OD600) 2.34 and aryl sulfatase activity of the broth reaching up to 23.93 microg pNP/mL/hr. The results of this study suggest that this novel strain is a valuable source of potent endosulfan-degrading enzymes for use in enzymatic bioremediation. Further, the increase in aryl sulfatase activity of the broth with the increase in degradation of endosulfan suggests the probable involvement of the enzyme in the transformation of endosulfan to its metabolites.


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http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0352-5139/2009/0352-51390904455M.pdf

Isolation and characterization of an SDS-degrading Klebsiella oxytocaAutor: M.Y. Shukor, W.S.W. Husin, M.F.A. Rahman, N.A. Shamaan, M.A. SyedFuente: Journal of Environmental Biology, Volume 30, Issue 1, Pages 129-134Resumen:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is one of the main components in the detergent and cosmetic industries. Its bioremediation by suitable microorganism has begun to receive greater attention as the amount of SDS usage increases to a point where treatment plants would not be able to cope with the increasing amount of SDS in wastewater. The purpose of this work was to isolate local SDS-degrading bacteria. Screening was carried out by the conventional enrichment-culture technique. Six SDS-degrading bacteria were isolated. Of these isolates, isolate S14 showed the highest degradation of SDS with 90% degradation after three days of incubation. Isolate S14 was tentatively identified as Klebsiella oxytoca strain DRY14 based on carbon utilization profiles using Biolog GN plates and partial 16S rDNA molecular phylogeny. SDS degradation by the bacterium was optimum at 37oC. Ammonium sulphate; at 2.0 g l-1, was found to be the best nitrogen source for the growth of strain DRY14. Maximum growth on SDS was observed at pH 7.25. The strain exhibited optimum growth at SDS concentration of 2.0 g l-1 and was completely inhibited at 10 g l-1 SDS. At the tolerable initial concentration of 2.0 g l-1, almost 80% of 2.0 g l-1 SDS was degraded after 4 days of incubation concomitant with increase in cellular growth. The Km (app) and Vmax (app) values calculated for the alkylsulfatase from this bacterium were 0.1 mM SDS and 1.07 >mol min-1 mg-1 protein, respectively.

http://www.jeb.co.in/journal_issues/200901_jan09_spl/paper_20.pdf

Mitigation of Ca, Fe, and Mg loads in surface waters around mining areas using indigenous microorganism strains

Autor: E. Fosso-Kankeu, A.F. Mulaba-Bafubiandi , B.B. Mamba, T.G. Barnard Fuente: Physics and Chemisty of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, Voluem 34, Issues13-16, Pages 825-829Resumen:

In attempting to achieve acceptable minimum concentration levels of excess calcium, iron and magnesium in surface waters around mining areas, experiments conducted at laboratory scale to remove these metals from synthetic solutions (30 ppm and 50 ppm) using indigenous strains of Shewanella sp., Bacillus subtilis sp. and Brevundimonas sp. revealed varying abilities of these microorganisms. B. subtilis and Shewanella sp. absorbed the highest amount (14% Ca, 8% Mg and 8% Fe) of each of the three metals, recorded from solutions containing the metals at 30 ppm concentration, with calcium being most easily removed metal species. The purpose of this study was to investigate a cost-effective solution based on indigenous microorganisms for the bioremediation of toxic metallic species in the mine dumps where small scale mining operations occur. Metal removal from solution decreased when their concentration in solution was at 50 ppm. It was also found that combining the metals in one solution affected the microorganisms’ affinity for the metals thus reducing their removal efficiency. There was also a tendency for microorganisms to release the absorbed metal into solution after a

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certain period of time, most probably due to an efflux transport mechanism. It was further concluded that the metal removal efficiency is dependent on the biomass, and the percentage removals obtained in this study suggest that we could achieve better removal rates of targeted metals and reduce their concentrations to below recommended values through the optimization of the biomass. The success of this study has prompted a broader research project into the removal of metal species in mine dumps before contamination of water resources occurs so that the water in the disused mine pits is suitable for irrigation, farming and washing.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6X1W-4WRD3KF-3&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1586496279&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=68fd7b658910206fe55287ab1cbcc473&searchtype=a

Multifunctional properties of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms grown on agro-industrial wastes in fermentation and soil conditions

Autor: M. Vassileva, M. Serrano, V. Bravo, E. Jurado, I. Nikoleva, V. Martos, N. VassilevFuente: Applies Microbiology and Biotechnology, Volume 85, issue 5, Pages 1287-1299Resumen:

One of the most studied approaches in solubilization of insoluble phosphates is the biological treatment of rock phosphates. In recent years, various techniques for rock phosphate solubilization have been proposed, with increasing emphasis on application of P-solubilizing microorganisms. The P-solubilizing activity is determined by the microbial biochemical ability to produce and release metabolites with metal-chelating functions. In a number of studies, we have shown that agro-industrial wastes can be efficiently used as substrates in solubilization of phosphate rocks. These processes were carried out employing various technologies including solid-state and submerged fermentations including immobilized cells. The review paper deals critically with several novel trends in exploring various properties of the above microbial/agro-wastes/rock phosphate systems. The major idea is to describe how a single P-solubilizing microorganism manifests wide range of metabolic abilities in different environments. In fermentation conditions, P-solubilizing microorganisms were found to produce various enzymes, siderophores, and plant hormones. Further introduction of the resulting biotechnological products into soil-plant systems resulted in significantly higher plant growth, enhanced soil properties, and biological (including biocontrol) activity. Application of these bio-products in bioremediation of disturbed (heavy metal contaminated and desertified) soils is based on another important part of their multifunctional properties.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/25271645484r5748/

Specific dechlorinase activity in lindane degradation by Streptomyces sp M7

Autor: S. A. Cuozzo, G. G. Rollán, C. M. Abate, M. J. Amoroso

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http://www.springerlink.com/content/25271645484r5748/




Fuente: World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Volume 25, Issue 9, Pages 1539-1546

Resumen:Synthesis of dechlorinase in Streptomyces sp. M7 was induced when the microorganism was grown in the presence of lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) as the only carbon source. Activity of cells grown with lindane was about four and half times higher compared to cells grown with glucose. Maximum dechlorinase activity was observed at 30°C in alkaline conditions pH (7.9) and the enzyme did not show cation dependency. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed one differential band with a molecular weight similar to serum albumin (M r 66,200), which corresponded to polynucleotide phosphorylase, an enzyme that plays an important role in the regulation system and could be involved in the regulation of the dechlorinase gene. Detected in cell-free extracts were γ-pentachlorocyclohexene and 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-1,4-cyclohexadiene, both being products of the dechlorinase activity. This is the first time that the presence of an enzyme with dechlorinase activity has been demonstrated in an actinomycete strain isolated in Tucumán, Argentina. Characteristics of this enzyme revealed that Streptomyces sp. M7 could be useful in the future in bioremediation of soil or as a biosensor.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/l8q231lh42378714/

Synergic degradation of phenanthrene by consortia of newly isolated bacterial strains

Autor: Y. M. Kim, C. K. Ahn, S. H. Woo, G. Y.l Jung, J. M. Park Fuente: Journal of Biotechnology, Volume 144, Issue 4, Pages 293-298 Resumen:

Three different bacteria capable of degrading phenanthrene were isolated from sludge of a pulp wastewater treatment plant and identified as Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Phenanthrene degradation efficiencies by different combinations (consortia) of these bacteria were investigated and their population dynamics during phenanthrene degradation were monitored using capillary electrophoresis-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (CE-SSCP). When a single microorganism was used, phenanthrene degradation efficiency was very low (48.0, 11.0, and 9.0% for A. baumannii, K. oxytoca, and S. maltophilia respectively, after 360 h cultivation). All consortia that included S. maltophilia degraded 80.0% of phenanthrene and reduced lag time to 48 h compared to the 168 h of pure A. baumannii culture. CE-SSCP analysis showed that S. maltophilia was the predominant species during phenanthrene degradation in the mixed culture. The results indicate that mixed cultures of microorganisms may effectively degrade target chemicals, even if the microorganisms show low degradation activity in pure culture.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3C-4XDD013-1&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1585666610&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=429f34626e16fa0e9461e75f67837302&searchtype=a

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http://www.springerlink.com/content/l8q231lh42378714/

2008

Adaptive and cross resistance to cadmium(II) and zinc(II) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BC15

Autor: C. E. Raja, S. Sasikumar, G. S. SelvamFuente: Biologia, Volume 63, Issue 4, Pages 461-465Resumen:

Cadmium and zinc appear in the combined forms and they are co-pollutants. Cd is the most hazardous metal ion for human beings and causes renal dysfunction, liver and lungs damage, bone degeneration and blood damage. Though Zn is an essential nutrient, excess of Zn is toxic. Biological process was more important because conventional methods fail to remediate these pollutants due to high costs and less affordability. The screening and understanding of the functioning of microorganism plays an important role in removal and recovery of metals from heavy-metal-polluted water and soil. In our study, the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa BC15 was isolated from oil-mill-treated waste water and it showed to be highly resistant to 6 mM Cd and 20 mM Zn in the solid and liquid media. The growth studies of BC15 strain in the medium without induction exhibited high tolerable capacity when compared to other microbes. Pretreatment of P. aeruginosa BC15 with sub-lethal concentrations of Cd induced adaptive resistance to lethal doses of Cd. Cadmium-induced cells also showed cross resistance to lethal concentration of zinc. The organism had high resistance against Cd and Zn. This has been clearly proven through biosorption studies: Cd was absorbed up to 62% and Zn about 60% in single solution, whereas in binary solution Cd was biosorbed up to 82% and Zn 85%. In conclusion, this study reveals the significance of using the strain P. aeruginosa BC15 in the bioremediation of Cd and Zn from industrial waste water and contaminated soil.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/j3k83662k323uq34/

Bioremediation of trichloroethylene contaminated groundwater using anaerobic process

Autor: C. Chomsurin, J. Kajorntraidej, K. KuangmuangFuente: Water Science and Technology, Volume 58, Issue 11, Pages 2127-2132Resumen:

Anaerobic remediation of trichloroethylene (TCE) contaminated soil and groundwater was studied in laboratory setups. In this process fermentation of polymeric organic materials (POMS) produced volatile fatty acids (VFAs) that were electron donors in reductive dechlorination of TCE. Shredded peanut shell was selected as low cost POM and the experiments were set up in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. In the setups, approximately 25 mg of leachate contaminated soil was used as the main source of microorganisms and about 5 g of shredded peanut shell (0.5-2.36 mm) was added to produce VFAs for dechlorination of TCE. In the first set of experiments, fermentation of soil and shredded peanut shell was studied and it was found that VFAs were produced continuously with increasing concentration (5.63 mM as CH3COOH from the first day to 17.17 in the 10th day of the experiment). During the fermentation, concentration of

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ammonia-nitrogen was 22-50 mg/L, the ratio of VFA to NH3 was 15.29-23.44 and pH was 5.24-6.00. These results show that the system was appropriate for microorganism activities. In the second set of experiments, TCE (approximately 48 mg/L) was added to the fermentation system and remediation of TCE by reductive dechlorination was studied. It was found that 0.04(+/-0.01) mg TCE adsorbed to a gram of soil and peanut shells at the beginning of the experiment and based on mass balance of the system, TCE concentration in water was linearly reduced at the rate of 0.0098 mg/hr.


Degradation of mixtures of phenolic compounds by Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6

Autor: M. Unell, K. Nordin, C. Jernberg, J. Stenström, J. K. JanssonFuente: Biodegradation, Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 495-505Resumen:

In this study the chlorophenol-degrading actinobacterium, Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6, was tested for its ability to grow on mixtures of phenolic compounds. During the experiments depletion of the compounds was monitored, as were cell growth and activity. Activity assays were based on bioluminescence output from a luciferase-tagged strain. When the cells were grown on a mixture of 4-chlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol and phenol, 4-chlorophenol degradation apparently was delayed until 4-nitrophenol was almost completely depleted. Phenol was degraded more slowly than the other compounds and not until 4-nitrophenol and 4-chlorophenol were depleted, despite this being the least toxic compound of the three. A similar order of degradation was observed in non-sterile soil slurries inoculated with A. chlorophenolicus. The kinetics of degradation of the substituted phenols suggest that the preferential order of their depletion could be due to their respective pKa values and that the dissociated phenolate ions are the substrates. A mutant strain (T99), with a disrupted hydroxyquinol dioxygenase gene in the previously described 4-chlorophenol degradation gene cluster, was also studied for its ability to grow on the different phenols. The mutant strain was able to grow on phenol, but not on either of the substituted phenols, suggesting a different catabolic pathway for the degradation of phenol by this microorganism.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/t668777902668v86/

Development of a Bacterial Preparation Based on Immobilized CellsAutor: K. A. Ausheva, D. A. Goncharuk, E. S. babusenko, S. A. Nekhaev, Z. S. Sultygova, n. S. MarkvichevFuente: Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, Volume 42, Issue 5, Pages 767-773Resumen:

A new method for removing thin oil films from a water surface with the use of the oil-degrading microorganism Acinetobacter valentis immobilized in calcium alginate gel has been developed. It has been demonstrated that n-alkanes emulsified into calcium alginate granules impart positive buoyancy to the granules. The parameters of obtaining calcium alginate granules with immobilized oil-degrading cells affect the characteristics

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of biological preparation. It has been demonstrated that the use of the biological preparation containing emulsified n-alkanes makes it possible to increase the bioremediation rate due to localization of immobilized and free cells in the upper water level. The new form of biological preparations makes it possible to decrease the amount of oil hydrocarbons by as much as 97% for 21 days at a temperature of 10–22°C versus 63% in the control variant.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/y31721331m6u8xj7/

Enhancement of bioremediation by Ralstonia sp HM-1 in sediment polluted by Cd and Zn

Autor: Y.-J. Park, J.-J. Ko ,S.-L. Yun, E. Y. Lee, S.-J. Kim, S.-W. Kang, B.-C. Lee, S.-K. Kim Fuente: Bioresource Technology, Volume 99, Issue 16, Pages 7458-7463 Resumen:

In this study, the potential for the application of the bioaugmentation to Cd and Zn contaminated sediment was investigated. A batch experiment was performed in the lake sediments augmented with Ralstonia sp. HM-1. The degradation capacity of 18.7 mg-DOC/l/day in the treatment group was bigger than that of the blank group (4.4 mg-DOC/l/day). It can be regarded as the result of the reduction of the metal concentration in the liquid phase due to adsorption into the sediments, with the increased alkalinity resulting from the reduction of sulfate by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The removal efficiency of cadmium and zinc in the treatment group was both 99.7% after 35 days. Restrain of elution to water phase from sediment in the Ralstonia sp. HM-1 added treatment group was also shown. In particular, the observed reduction of the exchangeable fraction and an increase in the bound to organics or sulfide fraction in the treatment group indicate its role in the prevention of metal elution from the sediment. Therefore, for bioremediation and restrain of elution from the sediment polluted by metal, Ralstonia sp. augmentation with indigenous microorganism including SRB, sediment stabilization and restrain of elution to surface water is recommended.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V24-4S92XKV-1&_user=10&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2008&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1586522917&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=f11bcc6aa5329751cbe816da2225754b&searchtype=a

Enhancement of PCB degradation by Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 in biphasic systems by manipulating culture conditions

Autor: L. Rehmann, A. J. DaugulisFuente: Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Volume 99, Issue 3, Pages 521-528Resumen:

Two-phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs) can be used to biodegrade environmental contaminants after their extraction from soil. TPPBs are typically stirred tank bioreactors containing an aqueous phase hosting the degrading microorganism and an immiscible, non-toxic and non-bioavailable organic phase functioning as a reservoir for hydrophobic compounds. Biodegradation of these compounds in the aqueous phase results in thermodynamic disequilibrium and partitioning of additional compounds from the organic phase into the aqueous phase. This self-regulated process can allow the delivery of

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http://www.springerlink.com/content/y31721331m6u8xj7/

large amounts of hydrophobic substances to degrading microorganisms. This paper explores the reactor conditions under which the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degrader Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 can degrade significant amounts of the PCB mixture Aroclor® 1242. Aroclor® degradation was found to stall after approximately 40 h if no carbon source other than PCBs was available in the reactor. Sodium pyruvate was found to be a suitable carbon source to maintain microbial activity against PCBs and to function as a substrate for additional cell growth. Both biphenyl (while required during the inoculum preparation) and glucose had a negative effect during the Aroclor® degradation phase. Initial Aroclor® 1242 degradation rates in the presence of pyruvate were high (6.2 mg L−1 h−1) and 85% of an equivalent concentration of 100 mg Aroclor® 1242 per L aqueous phase could be degraded in 48 h, which suggest that solvent extraction of PCBs from soil followed by their biodegradation in TPPBs might be a feasible remediation option


Geobacter sulfurreducens strain engineered for increased rates of respiration

Autor: M. Izallalen , R. Mahadevan, A. Burgard, B. Postier, R. Didonato Jr., J. Sun, C. H. Schilling, D. R. LovleyFuente: Metabolic Engineering, Volume 10, Pages 267–275Resumen:

Geobacter species are among the most effective microorganisms known for the bioremediation of radioactive and toxic metals in contaminated subsurface environments and for converting organic compounds to electricity in microbial fuel cells. However, faster rates of electron transfer could aid in optimizing these processes. Therefore, the Optknock strain design methodology was applied in an iterative manner to the constraint-based, in silico model of Geobacter sulfurreducens to identify gene deletions predicted to increase respiration rates. The common factor in the Optknock predictions was that each resulted in a predicted increase in the cellular ATP demand, either by creating ATP-consuming futile cycles or decreasing the availability of reducing equivalents and inorganic phosphate for ATP biosynthesis. The in silico model predicted that increasing the ATP demand would result in higher fluxes of acetate through the TCA cycle and higher rates of NADPH oxidation coupled with decreases in flux in reactions that funnel acetate toward biosynthetic pathways. A strain of G. sulfurreducens was constructed in which the hydrolytic, F1 portion of the membrane-bound F0F1 (H+)-ATP synthase complex was expressed when IPTG was added to the medium. Induction of the ATP drain decreased the ATP content of the cell by more than half. The cells with the ATP drain had higher rates of respiration, slower growth rates, and a lower cell yield. Genome-wide analysis of gene transcript levels indicated that when the higher rate of respiration was induced transcript levels were higher for genes involved in energy metabolism, especially in those encoding TCA cycle enzymes, subunits of the NADH dehydrogenase, and proteins involved in electron acceptor reduction. This was accompanied by lower transcript levels for genes encoding proteins involved in amino acid biosynthesis, cell growth, and motility. Several changes in gene expression that involve processes not included in the in silico model were also detected, including increased expression of a number of redox-active proteins, such as c-type cytochromes and a putative multicopper outer-surface protein. The results demonstrate that it is

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possible to genetically engineer increased respiration rates in G. sulfurreducens in accordance with predictions from in silico metabolic modeling. To our knowledge, this is the first report of metabolic engineering to increase the respiratory rate of a microorganism.

http://www.geobacter.org/publications/18644460.pdf

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) biodegradation kinetics amongst several Fe(III)-reducing genera

Autor: M. J. Kwon, K. T. Finneran Fuente: Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages 189 - 203 Resumen:

Cyclic nitramine explosives biodegradation was investigated among four Fe(III)- and quinone-reducing bacterial genera. This strategy is an attractive option for RDX and/or HMX contamination because of their ubiquity; however, the biotransformation kinetics among different microbial populations is not known. The organisms investigated included two species within the Geobacteraceae, and one species each within the genera Anaeromyxobacter, Desulfitobacterium, and Shewanella. All species directly reduced RDX; however, humic substances (HS) and the HS analog anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) significantly increased the rate and extent of RDX reduction. Degradation kinetics varied amongst the species tested, but extracellular electron shuttle mediated degradation rates were the fastest for each organism. RDX reduction rates ranged from 7.4 to 269.3 nmol RDX hr- 1 mg cell protein- 1 when AQDS was present. HMX was reduced more slowly by G. metallireducens than RDX; however, electron shuttles also stimulated HMX degradation. These data suggest that electron shuttle mediated cyclic nitramine transformation is ubiquitous among the keystone Fe(III)-reducing microbial genera, and that bioremediation strategies predicated on their physiology may be a reasonable approach in situ for both Fe(III)-rich and Fe(III)-poor environments.

http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a790917650~frm=titlelink

Soil bioaugmentation by free and immobilized bacteria to reduce potentially phytoavailable cadmium

Autor: K. Jézéquel, T. Lebeau Fuente: Bioresource Technology, Volume 99, Issue 4, Pages 690-698Resumen:

Soil bioaugmentation was performed in soil pots to reduce the cadmium potentially available for plants. A Bacillus sp. (isolate ZAN-044) and a Streptomyces sp. (isolate R25) were compared, just as the inoculation technique, i.e., inoculum size, free or immobilized cells. After 3 weeks of a batch incubation, the potentially phytoavailable Cd was reduced, at the maximum, to a factor 14.1 and 4.3 with Bacillus sp. ZAN-044 and Streptomyces sp. R25, respectively. The two bacteria survived and colonized the soil. The immobilization technique did not improve the cell survival in the bioaugmented soil.

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http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a790917650~frm=titlelink

http://www.geobacter.org/publications/18644460.pdf

The potentially phytoavailable Cd was positively (r2=+0.73) or negatively correlated (r2=−0.78) to the cell concentration in the sterilized soil bioaugmented with Bacillus sp. ZAN-044 or Streptomyces sp. R25, respectively. The major effect upon the phytoavailable Cd was the microorganism used and, to a lesser extent, the inoculum size and the culture technique.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V24-4NBR3RR-3&_user=10&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2008&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1586537260&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df60963c3ced5255ce07dd96d2945f09&searchtype=a

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2007

Degradation of phenol in seawater using a novel microorganism isolated from the intestine of Aplysia kurodai

Autor: F. Kobayashi , M. Daidai, N. Suzuki, Y. Nakamura Fuente: International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, Volume 59, Issue 3, Pages 252-254 Resumen:

Phenol is an organic compound widely used as a solvent. It is discharged by various industries into rivers and then accumulates in lakes and seawater. It is difficult to treat phenol in seawater by biological means because the high concentrations of dissolved mineral salts in seawater inhibit the growth of most microorganisms. We investigated the bioremediation of phenol in seawater using a novel microorganism isolated from the intestine of a marine slug. A novel bacterium was isolated from the intestine of the sea slug (Aplysia kurodai) using enrichment culture with a high concentration of phenol. From experimental research on the bacterium's morphological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and using molecular (16S rDNA) techniques, it was found that it belongs to the genus Serratia. Serratia sp. could degrade phenol completely; this is in contrast to activated sludge, which degraded only about 35% of phenol in seawater. This novel microorganism seems to have the potential for the efficient treatment of organic pollutants in seawater.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VG6-4N3X0HT-1&_user=10&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1586542829&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=473df6e4162e5f125c055378a6a0986b&searchtype=a

Simultaneous biodegradation of methyl parathion and carbofuran by a genetically engineered microorganism constructed by mini-Tn5 transposon

Autor: J. Jiang, R. Zhang, R. Li, J.-D. Gu, S. LiFuente: Biodegradation, Volume 18, Issue 4, Pages 403-412Resumen:

A genetically engineered microorganism (GEM) capable of simultaneous degrading methyl parathion (MP) and carbofuran was successfully constructed by random insertion of a methyl parathion hydrolase gene (mpd) into the chromosome of a carbofuran degrading Sphingomonas sp. CDS-1 with the mini-transposon system. The GEM constructed was relatively stable and cell viability and original degrading characteristic was not affected compared with the original recipient CDS-1. The effects of temperature, initial pH value, inoculum size and alternative carbon source on the biodegradation of MP and carbofuran were investigated. GEM cells could degrade MP and carbofuran efficiently in a relatively broad range of temperatures from 20 to 30°C, initial pH values from 6.0 to 9.0, and with all initial inoculation cell densities (105–107 CFU ml−1), even if alternative glucose existed. The optimal temperature and initial pH value for GEM cells to simultaneously degrade MP and carbofuran was at 30°C and at pH 7.0. The removal of MP and carbofuran by GEM cells in sterile and non-sterile soil were also studied. In

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both soil samples, 50 mg kg−1 MP and 25 mg kg−1 carbofuran could be degraded to an undetectable level within 25 days even if there were indigenous microbial competition and carbon sources effect. In sterile soil, the biodegradation rates of MP and carbofuran were faster, and the decline of the inoculated GEM cells was slower compared with that in non-sterile soil. The GEM constructed in this study was potential useful for pesticides bioremediation in natural environment.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/4318518633q3v641/

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2006

Aerobic degradation of highly chlorinated polychlorobiphenyls by a marine bacterium, Pseudomonas CH07

Autor: J. De, N. Ramajah, A. SakarFuente: World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Volume 22, Issue 12, Pages 1321-1327Resumen:

Hitherto, aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been reported to be limited to the less chlorinated biphenyls. We report here a marine mercury-resistant bacterium, Pseudomonas CH07 (NRRL B-30604) which was capable of degrading a variety of highly chlorinated congeners of PCBs from the technical mixture Clophen A-50. Of the two most toxic coplanar PCBs present in Clophen A-50, one coplanar pentachloro congener CB-126 and one toxic sterically hindered heptachloro congener CB-181 were found to be degraded completely and the other coplanar tetrachloro congener CB-77 was degraded by more than 40% within 40 h by this microorganism. The apparent absence of bphC in this bacterium leads to the proposal of a different mechanism for degradation of PCBs.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/f47r281602802342/

Construction of a genetically engineered microorganism for degrading organophosphate and carbamate pesticides

Autor: Z. Liu, Q. Hong, J.-H. Xu, W. Jun, S.-P. Li Fuente: International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, Volume 58, Issue 2, Pages 65-69Resumen:

Genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) have shown potential for enhanced degradation of a range of substrates. In this study, a DNA fragment including the open reading frame of mpd (methyl parathion hydrolase encoding gene) and cognate regulator of a methyl parathion (MP)-degrading strain Pseudomonas putida DLL-1 was cloned by the shotgun method. The fragment was cloned into a broad-host vector pBBR1MCS-2 to produce a recombinant plasmid pBBR-mpd. CDS-pBBR-mpd, a GEM, was successfully constructed by transforming it into a carbofuran-degrading strain Sphingomonas sp. CDS-1, and it degraded both carbofuran and MP. CDS-pBBR-mpd maintained stable and high MP hydrolase activity (50.72 nmol min−1 μg−1 protein, which was 6.57 times higher than that of P. putida strain DLL-1). and appears to be a promising GEM for environmental bioremediation.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VG6-4KV8T91-1&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2006&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1586548694&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=388a3c94490073f519e057cceedb57f9&searchtype=a

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http://www.springerlink.com/content/f47r281602802342/

Effect of substrate concentration on dual-species biofilm population densities of Klebsielia oxytoca and Burkholderia cepacia in porous media

Autor: J. Komlos, A. A. Cunningham, A. K. Camper, R. R. SharpFuente: Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Volume 93, Issue 3, Pages 434-442 Resumen:

The long-term operation of bioremediation technologies relies on the success of the contaminant-degrading microorganism(s) to compete for available resources with microorganisms already present in an aquifer or those that may contaminate a bioreactor. Though research has been performed studying the interaction of multiple species in batch and chemostat reactors, little work has been done looking at multi-species interactions in environments that more closely resemble field-scale applications. The research presented herein examined the interaction of Burkholderia cepacia PR1-pTOM(31c), an aerobic trichloroethylene (TCE)-degrading bacterium, with Klebsiella oxytoca, a facultative bacterium, in a flow-through porous media (PM) reactor. Growth characteristics and population distributions in PM were compared to previously reported values from batch and chemostat reactors. The faster growing organism in batch experiments (K. oxytoca) did not always have the greater population density in dual-species PM experiments. The biofilm population distribution was influenced by substrate concentration, with B. cepacia having a greater dual-species population density than K. oxytoca at a low (30 mg/L dissolved organic carbon [DOC]) substrate concentration and K. oxytoca having a greater population density at a high (700 mg/L DOC) substrate concentration. This change in species population distribution with change in substrate concentration, which was not observed in batch reactors, was also observed in chemostat reactors. Therefore, manipulation of substrate concentration enabled the control of species dominance to the advantage of the TCE degrading population in this dual-species PM system and may provide a mechanism to enhance bioremediation scenarios involving TCE or other contaminants of concern.

http://www.cheric.org/research/tech/periodicals/vol_view.php?seq=531157

Microbial degradation of organophosphorus compoundsAutor: B. K. Singh, A. WalkerFuente: FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Volume 30, Issue 3, Pages 428-471Resumen:

Synthetic organophosphorus compounds are used as pesticides, plasticizers, air fuel ingredients and chemical warfare agents. Organophosphorus compounds are the most widely used insecticides, accounting for an estimated 34% of world-wide insecticide sales. Contamination of soil from pesticides as a result of their bulk handling at the farmyard or following application in the field or accidental release may lead occasionally to contamination of surface and ground water. Several reports suggest that a wide range of water and terrestrial ecosystems may be contaminated with organophosphorus compounds. These compounds possess high mammalian toxicity and it is therefore essential to remove them from the environments. In addition, about 200,000 metric tons of nerve (chemical warfare) agents have to be destroyed world-wide under Chemical Weapons Convention (1993). Bioremediation can offer an efficient and cheap option for decontamination of polluted ecosystems and destruction of nerve agents. The first micro-organism that could degrade organophosphorus compounds was isolated in 1973

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and identified as Flavobacterium sp. Since then several bacterial and a few fungal species have been isolated which can degrade a wide range of organophosphorus compounds in liquid cultures and soil systems. The biochemistry of organophosphorus compound degradation by most of the bacteria seems to be identical, in which a structurally similar enzyme called organophosphate hydrolase or phosphotriesterase catalyzes the first step of the degradation. organophosphate hydrolase encoding gene opd (organophosphate degrading) gene has been isolated from geographically different regions and taxonomically different species. This gene has been sequenced, cloned in different organisms, and altered for better activity and stability. Recently, genes with similar function but different sequences have also been isolated and characterized. Engineered microorganisms have been tested for their ability to degrade different organophosphorus pollutants, including nerve agents. In this article, we review and propose pathways for degradation of some organophosphorus compounds by microorganisms. Isolation, characterization, utilization and manipulation of the major detoxifying enzymes and the molecular basis of degradation are discussed. The major achievements and technological advancements towards bioremediation of organophosphorus compounds, limitations of available technologies and future challenge are also discussed.


Microorganisms for remediation of cadmium-contaminated soilsAutor: D. Bagot, T. Lebeau, K. JezequelFuente: Environmental Chemistry Letters, Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 207-211Resumen:

An alternative to the cleaning-up of agricultural soil contaminated by heavy metals is to avoid their transfer from soil to plant by inoculating soil with selected microorganisms able to biosorb heavy metals. Here, four bacteria species and a fungus isolated from contaminated soils revealed their ability to grow in the presence of high cadmium level. We tested their growth capacity related to pH and Cd concentration on synthetic and soil extract media. The comparison of their growth rate, the biosorbed cadmium rate and the specific biosorption allowed to select the most efficient microorganism to be used in bioremediation.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/e5x2x13853402512/

Phenol degradation by immobilized cells of Arthrobacter citreusAutor: C. Karigar, A. Mahesh, M. Nagenahali, D. J. YunçFuente: Biodegradation, Volume 17, Issue 1, Pages 47-55Resumen:

An aerobic microorganism with an ability to utilize phenol as carbon and energy source was isolated from a hydrocarbon contamination site by employing selective enrichment culture technique. The isolate was identified as Arthrobacter citreus based on morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. This mesophilic organism showed optimal growth at 25 degrees C and at pH of 7.0. The phenol utilization studies with Arthrobacter citreus showed that the complete assimilation occurred in 24 hours. The

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organism metabolized phenol up to 22 mM concentrations whereas higher levels were inhibitory. Thin layer chromatography, UV spectral and enzyme analysis were suggestive of catechol, as a key intermediate of phenol metabolism. The enzyme activities of phenol hydroxylase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase in cell free extracts of Arthrobacter citreus were indicative of operation of a meta-cleavage pathway for phenol degradation. The organism had additional ability to degrade catechol, cresols and naphthol. The degradation rates of phenol by alginate and agar immobilized cells in batch fermentations showed continuous phenol metabolism for a period of eight days.


Rhodococcus sp F92 immobilized on polyurethane foam shows ability to degrade various petroleum products

Autor: E. Quek, Y.-P. Ting, H. M. TanFuente: Bioresource Technology , Volume 97, Pages 32–38Resumen:

This work reports on the immobilization and performance of a hydrocarbon-degrading microorganism on polyurethane foam (PUF) in the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The ability of four different microorganisms to immobilize on PUF and to degrade various petroleum products (Arabian light crude (ALC), Al-Shaheen crude (ASC), diesel and oil slops) was assessed by measuring the n-alkane fraction remaining in the petroleum products over time. A Rhodococcus sp. (designated as F92) had the highest number of immobilized viable cells (109 cells per cm3 PUF) and a maximum attachment efficiency of 90% on PUF of a density of 14 kg/m3. Scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of extracellular structures that could play an important role in the immobilization of F92 on PUF. Analysis by GC–MS revealed that both free and immobilized F92 cells were able to degrade approximately 90% of the total n-alkanes in the petroleum products tested within 1 week at 30 C. Rhodococcus sp. F92 was efficiently immobilized onto PUF and the immobilized cells were able to degrade a variety of petroleum products such as ALC, ASC, diesel and oil slops. The results suggest the potential of using PUF-immobilized Rhodococcus sp. F92 to bioremediate petroleum hydrocarbons in an open marine environment.

http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/cd37/sdarticle7.pdf

Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of organohalides on the dehalogenating activities of PCB-dechlorinating bacterium o-17

Autor: H. D. May, L. A. Cutter, G. S. Miller, C. E. Milliken, J. E. M. Watts, K. R. SowersFuente: Environmental Science and Technology, Volume 40, Issue 18, Pages 5704–5709 Resumen:

Bacterium o-17, a microorganism capable of the ortho dechlorination of 2,3,5,6-polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), is a member of a sediment-free, nonmethanogenic mixed culture. The culture was examined for the ability to dechlorinate 26 PCB congeners, 12 chlorobenzenes (CBZs), and 6 chlorinated ethenes (CEs). Eight of the PCBs and 4 of the CBZs were dechlorinated including single-flanked ortho PCB

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chlorines, but double-flanked chlorines of PCBs and CBZs were preferentially dechlorinated. The dechlorination of three of the PCBs (2,3,4,5,6-, 2,3,4,6-, and 2,3,5,6-PCB), three of the CBZs (hexa-, penta-, and 1,2,3-CBZ), and PCE could be sustained for three or more sequential transfers of the bacterial community. Two PCBs (2,3,4- and 2,3,5-PCB), two CBZs (1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-CBZ), and trichloroethene were dechlorinated only when a more extensively chlorinated parent compound was present. Aroclor 1260 and 2,4,6-PCB, not dechlorinated by the culture, inhibited the dechlorination of 2,3,5,6-PCB. Within the culture only bacterium o-17 was linked to dechlorination by PCR-DGGE analysis, confirming that this dehalogenating species was the catalyst for the dechlorination of the compounds tested. The microorganism is capable of dechlorinating several different congeners of PCBs, CBZs, and CEs, and it remains a rare example of an ortho-PCB dechlorinator. However, its limited ability to dechlorinate more extensively chlorinated congeners and Aroclor plus the inhibitory effects of some PCB congeners upon the bacterium is consistent with the observed infrequency of this reaction in the environment. An assessment of bioremediation potential of this microorganism in situ will require a greater understanding of the synergistic, cometabolic and competitive interactions of PCB dechlorinating microbial communities.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es052521y

The current and future applications of microorganism in the bioremediation of cyanide contamination

Autor: J. Baxter, S. P. CummingsFuente: Antoine van Leeuwenhoek, Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 1-17Resumen:

Inorganic cyanide and nitrile compounds are distributed widely in the environment, chiefly as a result of anthropogenic activity but also through cyanide synthesis by a range of organisms including higher plants, fungi and bacteria. The major source of cyanide in soil and water is through the discharge of effluents containing a variety of inorganic cyanide and nitriles. Here the fate of cyanide compounds in soil and water is reviewed, identifying those factors that affect their persistence and which determine whether they are amenable to biological degradation. The exploitation of cyanides by a variety of taxa, as a mechanism to avoid predation or to inhibit competitors has led to the evolution in many organisms of enzymes that catalyse degradation of a range of cyanide compounds. Microorganisms expressing pathways involved in cyanide degradation are briefly reviewed and the current applications of bacteria and fungi in the biodegradation of cyanide contamination in the field are discussed. Finally, recent advances that offer an insight into the potential of microbial systems for the bioremediation of cyanide compounds under a range of environmental conditions are identified, and the future potential of these technologies for the treatment of cyanide pollution is discussed.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/08801m35101kv750/

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http://www.springerlink.com/content/08801m35101kv750/

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es052521y

Tolerance and biosorption of copper and zinc by Pseudomonas putida CZ1 isolated from metal-polluted soil

Autor: X. Chen, J. Shi, y. Chen, X. Xu, S. Xu, Y. WangFuente: Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Volume 52, Issue 4, Pages 308-316Resumen:

A strain of Pseudomonas sp. CZ1, which was isolated from the rhizosphere of Elsholtzia splendens obtained from the heavy-metal-contaminated soil in the north-central region of the Zhejiang province of China, has been studied for tolerance to copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and its capacities for biosorption of these metals. Based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, the microorganism was closely related to Pseudomonas putida. It exhibited high minimal inhibitory concentration values (about 3 mmol Cu.L-1 and 5 mmol Zn.L-1) for metals and antibiotic resistance to ampicillin but not to kanamycin. Based on the results of heavy metal toxicity screening, inhibitory concentrations in solid media were lower than those in liquid media. Moreover, it was found that the toxicity of Cu was higher than that of Zn. Pseudomonas putida CZ1 was capable of removing about 87.2% of Cu and 99.8% of Zn during the active growth cycle, with specific biosorption capacities of 24.2 and 26.0 mg x L-1, respectively. Although at low concentrations, Cu and Zn slightly damage the surface of some cells, P. putida demonstrated high capacities for biosorption of Cu and Zn. Since P. putida CZ1 could grow in the presence of significant concentrations of metals and because of its high metal uptake capacity in aerobic conditions, this bacterium may be potentially applicable in bioreactors or in situ bioremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated aqueous or soil systems.


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4. Patentes

Las patentes pueden ofrecer información valiosa a los múltiples agentes de una empresa, mejorar la toma de decisiones con más contenido estratégico y mejor alineadas con la estrategia de negocio e innovación, aportan información relevante dirigida a conocer el estado del arte, actuales intereses de las empresas del sector y aquellos ámbitos en los que se está centrando la investigación e innovación.

Por otro lado, hay que tener en cuenta el recelo de las empresas que, a pesar de querer proteger y reconocer legalmente sus avances y tecnologías, no tienen, en muchas ocasiones, interés en la divulgación de los mismos a sus empresas competidoras.

Por todo esto las patentes proporcionan información muy útil pero que debe ser complementada con datos provenientes de artículos científicos, ponencias y estudios del sector, informes de mercado u otras fuentes más informales.

Las patentes que se muestran a continuación proceden de la base de datos especializada WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) , Espacenet y Derwent Index Innovation.

Figura 1: Patentes por inventor

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Figura 2: Patentes por país

2010Use of cistus libanotis to clean heavy metals containing soils

Número de publicación: WO2010130730 (A1)Fecha de publicación: 18/11/10Solicitantes: INST RECH DEVELOPPEMENT IRD [FR]; UNIV MOHAMMED V AGDAL MAROC FA [MA]; UNIV ABDELMALEK ESSAADI FACULT [MA]; CT NAT DE L EN DES SCIENCES ET [MA]; LAPLAZE LAURENT [FR]; DOUMAS PATRICK [FR]; SMOUNI ABDELAZIZ [MA]; BRHADA FATIHA [MA]; ATER MOHAMED [MA]

Method for remediation of soil containing cyanogen compound, and microorganism for use in the remediation method

Número de publicación: US2010279387 (A1)Fecha de publicación: 04/11/10Solicitantes: SHOWA DENKO KK [JP]

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Composition using the soil microbe and the method for treating the wasterwater using the same

Número de publicación: KR100988803 (B1)Fecha de publicación: 20/10/10Solicitantes: HAN MEE EN TEC LTD [KR]

Additive for use in restoration of contaminated soil, ground water or sediment soil

Número de publicación: JP4557219 (B2)Fecha de publicación: 06/10/10Solicitantes:

Underground fence for preventing oil diffusion, and method of cleaning oil-contaminated soil

Número de publicación: JP2010184185 (A)Fecha de publicación: 26/08/10Solicitantes: RITSUMEIKAN

Method of reducing oil concentration in oil-contaminated sectionNúmero de publicación: JP2010184204 (A)Fecha de publicación: 26/08/10Solicitantes: RITSUMEIKAN

Method of in situ bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated sites using an enriched anaerobic steady state microbial consortium

Número de publicación: WO2010096515 (A1)Fecha de publicación: 26/08/10Solicitantes: DU PONT [US]; HENDRICKSON EDWIN R [US]; LUCKRING ABIGAIL K [US]; KEELER SHARON JO [US]; PERRY MICHAEL P [US]; CHOBAN ERIC R [US]

Method of cleaning contaminated soilNúmero de publicación: JP2010179209 (A)Fecha de publicación: 19/08/10Solicitantes: KOIZUMI CO LTD; NAT INST OF ADVANCED IND SCIEN

Method and facility for purifying pollutantNúmero de publicación: JP2010179213 (A)Fecha de publicación: 19/08/10Solicitantes: ECO EARTH ENGINEERING KK

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Hexachloro cyclohexane degrading bacteria and application thereof in degraded hexachloro cyclohexane

Número de publicación: CN101805714 (A)Fecha de publicación: 18/08/10Solicitantes: INST ZOOLOGY CAS

Purification system and method for petroleum and heavy metal contaminated soils

Número de publicación: KR20100090506 (A)Fecha de publicación: 16/08/10Solicitantes: UNIV NAT CHONNAM IND FOUND [KR]; ENPLUS CO LTD [KR]

Chlorimuron-ethyl degrading bacterium, soil bioremediation agent based on same, and application thereof

Número de publicación: CN101798564 (A)Fecha de publicación: 11/08/10Solicitantes: JILIN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

Decontaminating agent for soil and ground waterNúmero de publicación: JP2010158653 (A)Fecha de publicación: 22/07/10Solicitantes: KOKUSAI ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTION

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Method of remedying contaminated soil zoneNúmero de publicación: JP2010149042 (A)Fecha de publicación: 08/07/10Solicitantes: EKOMU KK

Process for removing a contaminant from contaminated groundwaterNúmero de publicación: HK1104009 (A1)Fecha de publicación: 02/07/10Solicitantes: TERRECO HOLDING B V [NL]

Method for remediation of arsenic and heavy metals contaminated soils using electrokinetic technology enhanced by metal reducing microorganisms

Número de publicación: KR100964176 (B1)Fecha de publicación: 25/06/10Solicitantes: HALLA ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTI [KR]; IND ACADEMIC COOP [KR]

Method for treating plutonium or strontium polluted soilNúmero de publicación: CN101745527 (A)Fecha de publicación: 23/06/10Solicitantes: CHENGDU INST BIOLOGY CAS

Method for treating radioactive cesium-137 polluted soilNúmero de publicación: CN101745530 (A)Fecha de publicación: 23/06/10Solicitantes: CHENGDU INST BIOLOGY CAS

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Method for treating radioactive strontium-90 polluted soilNúmero de publicación: CN101745529 (A)Fecha de publicación: 23/06/10Solicitantes: CHENGDU INST BIOLOGY CAS

Treatment method of soil contaminated by uranium or cesiumNúmero de publicación: CN101745528 (A)Fecha de publicación: 23/06/10Solicitantes: CHENGDU INST BIOLOGY CAS

Application of photosynthetic bacteria fermentation broth in pesticide and metal combined contamination soil

Número de publicación: CN101745531 (A)Fecha de publicación: 23/06/10Solicitantes: UNIV NORTH CHINA

New microorganism for decomposing amino-s-triazine-based compoundNúmero de publicación: JP2010130965 (A)Fecha de publicación: 17/06/10Solicitantes: NAT INST FOR AGRO ENVIRONMENTA; KOWA CO

High-efficiency bacterial strain for degrading herbicide atrazine and function thereof

Número de publicación: CN101735960 (A)Fecha de publicación: 16/06/10Solicitantes: MING XIE

Microorganism bactericide capable of reinforcing plants to restore fields polluted by arsenic and preparation and application methods thereof

Número de publicación: CN101735997 (A)Fecha de publicación: 16/06/10Solicitantes: INST OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES

Mixed bactericide for restoring places polluted by polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, preparation method and application method

Número de publicación: CN101735996 (A)Fecha de publicación: 16/06/10Solicitantes: INST OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES

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Method for preparing and using polyaromatic hydrocarbon polluted soil remediation microbial inoculum

Número de publicación: CN101724566 (A)Fecha de publicación: 09/06/10Solicitantes: INST OF APPLIED ECOLOGY CHINA

Pseudomonas fluorescens product and application thereofNúmero de publicación: CN101724593 (A)Fecha de publicación: 09/06/10Solicitantes: NANJING UNIVERSITY OF INFORMAT

Immobilized microbial inoculum for remediating PAHs contaminated soil and preparation method thereof

Número de publicación: CN101724582 (A)Fecha de publicación: 09/06/10Solicitantes: INST OF APPLIED ECOLOGY CHINA

Ochrobactrum sp. with capacity of degrading tetrabromobisphenol A and application thereof

Número de publicación: CN101717740 (A)Fecha de publicación: 02/06/10Solicitantes: GUANGZHOU INST GEOCHEM CAS

Cleaning method of contaminated groundNúmero de publicación: JP2010115605 (A)Fecha de publicación: 27/05/10Solicitantes: OHBAYASHI CORP; TOHO GAS KK

Cleaning method of contaminated ground, and cleaning apparatus of contaminated ground

Número de publicación: JP2010115604 (A)Fecha de publicación: 27/05/10Solicitantes: OHBAYASHI CORP; TOHO GAS KK

Method for the bacterial treating of effluents containing 2-ethylhexyl nitrate

Número de publicación: EP2188071 (A2)Fecha de publicación: 26/05/10

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Solicitantes: INST FRANCAIS DU PETROLE [FR]; COMMISSARIAT ENERGIE ATOMIQUE [FR]

52

Decomposition accelerator of volatile organic halogen compound by microorganisms and decomposition acceleration method

Número de publicación: JP2010104962 (A)Fecha de publicación: 13/05/10Solicitantes: ADEKA ENGINEERING & CONSUTRUCT; ADEKA CORP

Preparation method of microbe immobilized particles for restoring pesticide contaminated soil

Número de publicación: CN101701216 (A)Fecha de publicación: 05/05/10Solicitantes: ANHUI UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTUR

Method for degrading crude oil by separating compound bacteria solution from contaminated fossil oil sample

Número de publicación: CN101690939 (A)Fecha de publicación: 07/04/10Solicitantes: YAN AN INST OF MICROBIOLOGY

Bacterial strain capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbon and application thereof

Número de publicación: CN101691552 (A)Fecha de publicación: 07/04/10Solicitantes: UNIV BEIJING

Bacterial strain for repairing chromium slag contaminated siteNúmero de publicación: CN101684453 (A)Fecha de publicación: 31/03/10Solicitantes: UNIV CENTRAL SOUTH

Burkholderia dabaoshanensis and application thereofNúmero de publicación: CN101684452 (A)Fecha de publicación: 31/03/10Solicitantes: GUANGDONG INST OF MICROBIOLOGY

Cyanide purification method by microorganismNúmero de publicación: JP2010064017 (A)Fecha de publicación: 25/03/10Solicitantes: TAISEI CORP

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Consortium of microbial strains for environmental hydrocarbon removalNúmero de publicación: RU2384616 (C2)Fecha de publicación: 20/03/10Solicitantes: GAZPROM AOOT [RU]

Method for improving hydrocarbon-water compatibility in a subsurface hydrocarbon-contaminated site.

Número de publicación: MX2010002152 (A)Fecha de publicación: 18/03/10Solicitantes: DU PONT [US]

Methods for improved hydrocarbon and water compatibility.Número de publicación: MX2010002156 (A)Fecha de publicación: 18/03/10Solicitantes: DU PONT [US]

Microbial based chlorinated ethene destructionNúmero de publicación: AU2009292209 (A1)Fecha de publicación: 18/03/10Solicitantes: SAVANNAH RIVER NUCLEAR SOLUTIONS; UNIV CLEMSON

Combined process with bioleaching and electrokinetics for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil

Número de publicación: KR100945477 (B1)Fecha de publicación: 05/03/10Solicitantes: HALLA ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTI [KR]; INST SCIENCE & TECH KWANGJU [KR]

Method of purifying contaminated soilNúmero de publicación: JP2010046623 (A)Fecha de publicación: 04/03/10Solicitantes: SHOWA DENKO KK

Method and device for classifying and purifying microorganism in contaminated soil

Número de publicación: JP2010046595 (A)Fecha de publicación: 04/03/10Solicitantes: ARTHUR KK

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Microbe soil restoration agent and preparation method thereofNúmero de publicación: CN101642772 (A)Fecha de publicación: 10/02/10Solicitantes: YING WANG

Microbial soil restorative and preparation method thereofNúmero de publicación: CN101642771 (A)Fecha de publicación: 10/02/10Solicitantes: PEIJU ZHANG

Mew microorganism and its utilizationNúmero de publicación: JP2010022214 (A)Fecha de publicación: 04/02/10Solicitantes: UNIV TOYAMA; MIYAMA CO LTD

Styrene-degrading bacteria MJ001 and separating method thereofNúmero de publicación: CN101638630 (A)Fecha de publicación: 03/02/10Solicitantes: TIANJIN TIANRENHE ENVIRONMENTA

New bacterial strain and method for purifying therewithNúmero de publicación: JP2010017086 (A)Fecha de publicación: 28/01/10Solicitantes: ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL CT CO LT

Method for remedying salmonella-polluted soil by utilizing antagonistic microbe agent

Número de publicación: CN101628296 (A)Fecha de publicación: 20/01/10Solicitantes: NANJING INST OF SOIL CHINESE A

Cleaning composition for one of or both of soil and groundwater, and cleaning method

Número de publicación: JP2010005570 (A)Fecha de publicación: 14/01/10Solicitantes: KOKUSAI ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTION

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Pseudomonas aureofaciens vkm v-2500 d bacteria strain for biodecomposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during contamination of soil with sodium arsenite

Número de publicación: RU2008126544 (A)Fecha de publicación: 10/01/10Solicitantes: UCHREZHDENIE ROSSIJSKOJ AKADEMII NAUK INSTITUT BIOKHIMII I FIZIOLOGII MIKROORGANIZMOV IM.G.K.SKRJABI

Pseudomonas aureofaciens vkm v-2501 d bacteria strain for biodecomposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during contamination of soil with nickel salts

Número de publicación: RU2008126545 (A)Fecha de publicación: 10/01/10Solicitantes: UCHREZHDENIE ROSSIJSKOJ AKADEMII NAUK INSTITUT BIOKHIMII I FIZIOLOGII MIKROORGANIZMOV IM. G.K. SKRJA

Agent for cleaning of contaminated soils from oil and polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates under conditions of high medium mineralisation

Número de publicación: RU2008127332 (A)Fecha de publicación: 10/01/10Solicitantes: INSTITUT EHKOLOGII I GENETIKI MIKROORGANIZMOV URORAN

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2009

Novel aromatic ring dioxygenase genes and use thereofNúmero de publicación: JP4390713 (B2)Fecha de publicación: 24/12/09Solicitantes:

Method of cleaning oil-containing soil and microbe used for the methodNúmero de publicación: JP2009291679 (A)Fecha de publicación: 17/12/09Solicitantes: IIB KK; OKUMURA CORP

Repairing method of microorganism in contaminated soil of chromium slag storage yard

Número de publicación: CN101602060 (A)Fecha de publicación: 16/12/09Solicitantes: UNIV CENTRAL SOUTH [CN]

Bacterial preparation for degrading petroleum and restoring petroleum polluted soil ecology and preparation method thereof

Número de publicación: CN101603018 (A)Fecha de publicación: 16/12/09Solicitantes: UNIV NANKAI [CN]

Production method of agricultural photosynthetic bacteria preparationNúmero de publicación: CN101597579 (A)Fecha de publicación: 09/12/09Solicitantes: SHUNDE HONGLONG BIOLOGY SCIENC [CN]

Solid microbial agent to remedy soil contaminated by petroleum, preparation method thereof and application

Número de publicación: CN101597576 (A)Fecha de publicación: 09/12/09Solicitantes: BIOLOGY INST OF SHANDONG ACADE [CN]

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Biodegradation of subsurface contaminants by injection of gaseous microbial metabolic inducer

Número de publicación: US2009297272 (A1)Fecha de publicación: 03/12/09Solicitantes: PHA ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION

Fe reducing bacteria-mineral complex inocula capable of accelerating degradation of organic chloride and preparation method thereof

Número de publicación: CN101586094 (A)Fecha de publicación: 25/11/09Solicitantes: GUANGDONG INST OF ECO ENVIRONM [CN]

Soil restorative using peat moss and soil microbe and method of biological restoration of soil pollutionwith oil using the same

Número de publicación: KR20090120185 (A)Fecha de publicación: 24/11/09Solicitantes: GREEN VORTEX CO LTD [KR]

Rhodococcus ruber and application thereof in degradation of hydrocarbon compounds

Número de publicación: CN101580808 (A)Fecha de publicación: 18/11/09Solicitantes: SHANTOU UNIVERSITY [CN]

Method for analyzing behavior of hydrocarbon-decomposing bacterium and soil-cleaning method

Número de publicación: JP2009254358 (A)Fecha de publicación: 05/11/09Solicitantes: RITSUMEIKAN

Efficient nitrifying bacterium and purification process of urea and ammonia using the bacterium

Número de publicación: JP4352146 (B1)Fecha de publicación: 28/10/09Solicitantes: SHIZUNAI EISEISHA:KK, ; NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE& TECHNOLOGY

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In-situ purification method of contaminated ground or contaminated ground water and purification material of contaminated ground or contaminated ground water

Número de publicación: JP2009241004 (A)Fecha de publicación: 22/10/09Solicitantes: OHBAYASHI CORP

Identification, characterization, and application of pseudomonas stutzeri (lh4:15), useful in microbially enhanced oil release

Número de publicación: CA2717852 (A1)Fecha de publicación: 22/10/09Solicitantes: DU PONT [US]

A denitrification system using indigenous heterotrophic microorgnism with a controlled release molasses barriers

Número de publicación: KR100922481 (B1)Fecha de publicación: 21/10/09Solicitantes: KOREA RURAL CORP [KR]

Lipopeptide-producing bacillus pumilus and application thereofNúmero de publicación: CN101560483 (A)Fecha de publicación: 21/10/09Solicitantes: UNIV NANJING AGRICULTURAL [CN]

Method of cleaning oil-contaminated regionNúmero de publicación: JP2009226229 (A)Fecha de publicación: 08/10/09Solicitantes: RITSUMEIKAN

Method for preparing bacterium for decomposing object substance to be purified, agent for purifying underground water and/or soil and purification method

Número de publicación: JP2009213427 (A)Fecha de publicación: 24/09/09Solicitantes: KURITA WATER IND LTD

Preparate for biological detoxication of subsoils, oil slimes, liquid waste and waste water from organic compounds and oil products and application method thereof (three versions)

Número de publicación: RU2367530 (C1)

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Fecha de publicación: 20/09/09Solicitantes: JARTSEV SERGEJ VIKTOROVICH [RU]

Contamination control methodNúmero de publicación: JP2009208077 (A)Fecha de publicación: 17/09/09Solicitantes: HITACHI CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

Microorganism reducing hexa-valent chromium, and method for environmental clean-up utilizing the same microorganism

Número de publicación: JP2009207404 (A)Fecha de publicación: 17/09/09Solicitantes: CENTRAL RES INST ELECT

Pseudomonas and application thereof in biological reduction and biological adsorption

Número de publicación: CN101531970 (A)Fecha de publicación: 16/09/09Solicitantes: CHENGDU INST BIOLOGY CAS

Arctic bacteria strain for highly efficiently degrading crude oil and application thereof

Número de publicación: CN101531974 (A)Fecha de publicación: 16/09/09Solicitantes: FIRST INST OF OCEANOGRAPHY SOA

In situ biodegradation enhancement method in the contaminated subsurface using microbubble suspension, and the microbubble suspension

Número de publicación: KR20090096923 (A)Fecha de publicación: 15/09/09Solicitantes: SEOUL NAT UNIV IND FOUNDATION [KR]

Confirmation method of applicability of microorganism purification to polluted soil

Número de publicación: JP2009202133 (A)Fecha de publicación: 10/09/09Solicitantes: PANASONIC CORP

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Bacillus guangzhouensis GIMN1.001 and application thereofNúmero de publicación: CN101525585 (A)Fecha de publicación: 09/09/09Solicitantes: GUANGDONG INST OF MICROBIOLOGY

Growth promoter of microbe and soil purifying method using the sameNúmero de publicación: JP2009197120 (A)Fecha de publicación: 03/09/09Solicitantes: NITTETSU KANKYO ENGINEERING KK; NIPPON STEEL ENG CO LTD

In-situ clarification method of contaminated ground or contaminated groundwater

Número de publicación: JP2009189930 (A)Fecha de publicación: 27/08/09Solicitantes: OHBAYASHI CORP; NISSHIN FLOUR MILLING INC

Construction method for clarifying contaminated soilNúmero de publicación: JP4318747 (B1)Fecha de publicación: 26/08/09Solicitantes: CHEMICAL GROUTING CO LTD

Method for cleaning contaminated soil and ground waterNúmero de publicación: JP2009183869 (A)Fecha de publicación: 20/08/09Solicitantes: AGC ENGINEERING CO LTD

New photosynthetic bacterial strain having high adsorption ability of heavy metal, and method for purifying environment using such bacterial strain

Número de publicación: JP2009178074 (A)Fecha de publicación: 13/08/09Solicitantes: KANSAI ELECTRIC POWER CO; SASAKI TAKESHI

Method cleaning soil contaminated with petroleumNúmero de publicación: JP2009166027 (A)Fecha de publicación: 30/07/09Solicitantes: UNIV EHIME

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Nicosulfuron pesticide residue degrading bacterium and inocula produced therefrom

Número de publicación: CN101486985 (A)Fecha de publicación: 22/07/09Solicitantes: UNIV NANJING AGRICULTURAL [CN]

Method of purifying contaminated soil by original location bioremediationNúmero de publicación: JP2009154044 (A)Fecha de publicación: 16/07/09Solicitantes: SUMIKON SERUTEKKU KK

Bacillus subtilis and use thereof for degrading imazethapyrNúmero de publicación: CN101463338 (A)Fecha de publicación: 24/06/09Solicitantes: UNIV NORTHEAST AGRICULTURAL [CN]

Coastal saline soil improvement method using tall fescue-silicate bacterium-peat

Número de publicación: CN101455138 (A)Fecha de publicación: 17/06/09Solicitantes: UNIV SHANGHAI [CN]

Marinococcus and its application in degrading imazethapyrNúmero de publicación: CN101457213 (A)Fecha de publicación: 17/06/09Solicitantes: UNIV NORTHEAST AGRICULTURAL [CN]

Insolubilization method of heavy metal-contaminated groundNúmero de publicación: JP2009125624 (A)Fecha de publicación: 11/06/09Solicitantes: OHBAYASHI CORP

Method for clean-up of aromatic pollutants using microbe and metal oxides

Número de publicación: KR20090060102 (A)Fecha de publicación: 11/06/09Solicitantes: SEOUL NAT UNIV IND FOUNDATION [KR]

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Brood cell bacillus MK3-1 for purification of heavy metal pollution and uses thereof

Número de publicación: CN101429486 (A)Fecha de publicación: 13/05/09Solicitantes: UNIV HUAZHONG AGRICULTURAL [CN]

Method of soil purification from oil pollutionsNúmero de publicación: RU2354464 (C2)Fecha de publicación: 10/05/09Solicitantes: G OBSHCHEOBRAZOVATEL NOE UCHRE [RU]

Use of ZWL73 strain in in-situ biological repair of 4-chlorin nitrobenzene and nitrobenzene

Número de publicación: CN101422783 (A)Fecha de publicación: 06/05/09Solicitantes: WUHAN INST OF VIROLOGY CHINESE [CN]

Bacteria for high-efficiency degradation of organic pollutant and uses thereof

Número de publicación: CN101402931 (A)Fecha de publicación: 08/04/09Solicitantes: INST OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES [CN]

Mix fermentation production of soil renovation bacterium agent with multiple bacterials and production method thereof

Número de publicación: CN101402933 (A)Fecha de publicación: 08/04/09Solicitantes: HENAN HUILONG HIGH TECH IND CO [CN]

Surfactant biocatalyst for remediation of recalcitrant organics and heavy metals

Número de publicación: BRPI0519962 (A2)Fecha de publicación: 07/04/09Solicitantes: WASHINGTON SAVANNAH RIVER COMP [US]

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O-nitrobenzaldehyde degrading bacteria and use thereofNúmero de publicación: CN101397545 (A)Fecha de publicación: 01/04/09Solicitantes: UNIV ZHEJIANG FORESTRY [CN]

Swirling flow mud bioreactor and microbe consolidation system for treating organic pollution soil containing the swirling flow mud elution reactor

Número de publicación: CN101386021 (A)Fecha de publicación: 18/03/09Solicitantes: UNIV BEIJING NORMAL [CN]

DDTs degrading bacteria and use thereofNúmero de publicación: CN101381687 (A)Fecha de publicación: 11/03/09Solicitantes: UNIV ZHEJIANG [CN]

Gordona terrae VKPM As-1741 strain for decomposing petroleum and petroleum products

Número de publicación: RU2008132161 (A)Fecha de publicación: 27/02/09Solicitantes: GOSUDARSTVENNOE UCHREZHDENIE INSTITUT KLETOCHNOGOI VNUTRIKLETOCHNOGO SIMBIOZA URO RAN

BioremediationNúmero de publicación: AU2009200440 (A1)Fecha de publicación: 26/02/09Solicitantes: UNIV SURREY

Preparation and use method of microbial immobilized material for remedying polluted soil

Número de publicación: CN101372688 (A)Fecha de publicación: 25/02/09Solicitantes: UNIV ZHEJIANG [CN]

Environmental Remediation MethodNúmero de publicación: US2009039016 (A1)Fecha de publicación: 12/02/09Solicitantes: THINKVILLAGE-KERFOOT, LLC

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Chlorpyrifos degrading bacteria and use thereofNúmero de publicación: CN101358177 (A)Fecha de publicación: 04/02/09Solicitantes: UNIV ZHEJIANG [CN]

Paracoccus aminovorans HPD-2 and use thereof in soil remediationNúmero de publicación: CN101348773 (A)Fecha de publicación: 21/01/09Solicitantes: INST OF SOIL SCIENCE CHINESE A [CN]

Strain of bacteria pseudomonas putida producing surface-active substances for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and oil hydrocarbon degradation

Número de publicación: RU2344170 (C2)Fecha de publicación: 20/01/09Solicitantes: FILONOV ANDREJ EVGEN EVICH [RU]; BORONIN ALEKSANDR MIKHAJLOVICH [RU]

One-strain high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation bacterium and uses thereof

Número de publicación: CN101343616 (A)Fecha de publicación: 14/01/09Solicitantes: SOUTH CHINA INST OF ENVIRONMEN [CN]

S-triazine-herbicide-degrading bacteria, product for the bioremediation and method of bioremediation

Número de publicación: CA2636856 (A1)Fecha de publicación: 06/01/09Solicitantes: UNIV TECNICA FEDERICO SANTA MA [CL]

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5. Tesis

Una tesis puede consistir en una investigación científica, un diagnóstico o análisis situacional, un diseño de una propuesta de intervención, una evaluación de un modelo de gestión... En todos los casos el diseño de una investigación implica novedad y originalidad por lo que las tesis son una buena muestra de las novedades acaecidas un período de tiempo sobre un tema o sector.

La búsqueda de tesis dentro se realizó en la base de datos de Teseo y del buscador de tesis Scirus.Se proporciona un resumen de la tesis y/o un acceso a la tesis o la un sumario de la misma.

Biorremediación de suelos contaminados por hidrocarburos

Autor: Torres Delgado, Katerine and Zuluaga Montoya, Tatiana Universidad: Universidad Nacional de Colombia Tesis Pregrado2009Resumen:

El impacto ambiental de los derrames de crudo en Colombia ha dejado miles de hectáreas afectadas, sin dejar a un lado los kilómetros de ríos y quebradas. La biorremediación surge de la necesidad de disminuir el impacto ambiental que esto conlleva, con el fin de biodegradar contaminantes usando microorganismos, plantas o enzimas de estos, de manera estratégica. En este proyecto se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la biorremediación y la forma de aplicación para la contaminación de suelos por derrame de crudo en Colombia. Dicha revisión va desde el análisis de las características principales del suelo, los tipos de suelos colombianos divididos por regiones, la composición y clasificación del petróleo, el manejo del crudo en el país, las principales causas de contaminación y la normatividad al respecto; hasta el principio físico - químico de la biorremediación, los factores que condicionan el proceso, los tipos de microorganismos que se requieren, ventajas y desventajas. También se analizaron los diferentes métodos de biorremediación que pueden ser utilizados en los suelos que conforman el territorio colombiano y que han sido contaminados por derrames de hidrocarburos o que se encuentran en riesgo potencial, definiendo las condiciones de trabajo geográficas y ambientales en las que se pueden aplicar dichos métodos, como: temperatura ambiente, tipo de suelo y contaminante;definiendo los parámetros,como: microorganismos, temperatura de trabajo, oxigeno, etc., que garanticen la eficiencia del método a utilizar; y definiendo las ventajas y desventajas de cada uno de los métodos utilizados.

http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/815/1/32242005_2009.pdf

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Empleo de indicadores microbianos para monitorizar un proceso de biorremediación en un suelo ácido con bajo contenido en materia orgánica contaminado con hidrocarburos

Autor: P. Garrido Penalva Universidad: Universidad del País VascoFecha de Lectura: 28/11/2008 Resumen:

La presencia de hidrocarburos en el suelo es un factor que afecta directamente a su salud, y su impacto medioambiental no reside únicamente en su concentración, sino que depende de su biodisponibilidad y del modo en que afecte a la actividad microbiana. Por ello es necesario encontrar un sistema de monitorización eficaz que permita evaluar por un lado el daño causado en el ecosistema por la contaminación, y por otro, el éxito de los tratamientos de biorremediación aplicados.

Con este objetivo, en esta tesis se plantearon diferentes experimentos (en microcosmos) de biorremediación de suelo contaminado con hidrocarburos. En cada uno de ellos, se evaluó la eficacia de varios parámetros microbianos como herramientas de monitorización. Los parámetros seleccionados para este fin han sido ampliamente descritos en la bibliografía como indicadores de la salud del suelo: (i) recuento de heterótrofos cultivables, (ii) carbono de la biomasa, (iii) respiración basal, (iv) cociente metabólico, (v) actividad deshidrogenasa, (vi) nitrógeno potencialmente mineralizable y (vii) perfil de PLFAs.

Los resultados mostraron que todos ellos, excepto el nitrógeno potencialmente mineralizable, estaban estrechamente relacionados con la degradación de los hidrocarburos, resultando muy útiles para monitorizar el proceso. Por un lado, la información obtenida del carbono de la biomasa y la respiración permitió el cálculo del cociente metabólico con el cual es posible evaluar la eficacia con la que los microorganismos están degradando los hidrocarburos y la validez de los tratamientos aplicados. Por otro, el estudio del perfil de PLFAs aportó información sobre la evolución de la estructura de la comunidad microbiana en diferentes direcciones según el tratamiento biorremediador aplicado. Finalmente, un estudio estadístico de los resultados permitió: (i) demostrar que los recuentos de heterótrofos cultivables, el carbono de la biomasa y el tiempo necesario para que se observara la activación de la actividad deshidrogenasa son indicadores muy sensibles y robustos de la toxicidad de los hidrocarburos en el suelo, y (ii) calcular un índice de predicción de las tasas de degradación que se alcanzarían en pocas semanas de estudio. Estos resultados podrían facilitar enormemente la toma de decisiones sobre la actuación más adecuada en un emplazamiento contaminado con hidrocarburos.

https://www.educacion.es/teseo/mostrarRef.do?ref=575286

Procesos de biodegradación bacteriana de HAPs en suelos Autor: L. Y. Arias Marín Universidad: Universidad de Barcelona

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Fecha de Lectura: 26/11/2008 Resumen:

Este trabajo de tesis contribuye al conocimiento básico de las vías de degradación de Hidrocarburos Aromáticos Policíclicos por micobacterias. Se han desarrollado cinco apartados en los que se aborda progresivamente el estudio de las vías metabólicas poco conidas como la vía de degradación del antraceno por micobacterias, hasta el establecimiento de sistemas de microcosmos de fase sólida y slurries; y la puesta a punto y validación de los protocolos analíticos para estudiar la degradación de Hidrocarburos Aromáticos y sus metabolitos en suelos. Además, los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a a la evaluación del riesgo toxicológico que incluye, además de la determinación de la concentración de los compuestos parentales, la de sus productos de oxidación, cuyas concentraciones pueden llegar a ser significativas.


Biorremediación de suelos contaminados por hidrocarburos: caracterización microbiológica, química y ecotoxicológica

Autor: M. Viñas CanalsUniversidad: Universidad de BarcelonaFecha de lectura: 3/06/2005 Resumen:

La aprobación sucesiva de normativas acerca de la contaminación de suelos (RD 9/2005) y los cambios en el uso del suelo, están aumentando la demanda en la descontaminación de suelos. Sin embargo, aún existen áreas necesitadas de investigación como son el estudio de las poblaciones microbianas implicadas en los procesos de biorremediación; estudiar el destino de los contaminantes y evaluar la ecotoxicidad de los procesos de biorremediación. Se ha llevado a cabo una caracterización catabólica de tres consorcios microbianos no definidos, obtenidos mediante procesos de enriquecimiento con diferentes familias de hidrocarburos, para su utilización en la biorremediación de suelos contaminados por hidrocarburos. Para ello, se han incubado tres consorcios (TD, F1AA y AM) con crudo de petróleo ligero (Casablanca). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la capacidad catabólica de los tres consorcios está en consonancia con el sustrato utilizado para su obtención. Asimismo, la amplificación de los consorcios en medio rico para su utilización en experiencias reales de bioaumento, no disminuye su potencial degradador. La adición de los ramnolípidos MAT10, producidos por Pseudomonas aeruginosa AT10 incrementa la biodegradación del crudo Casablanca por el consorcio AM, tanto la tasa de biodegradación como la degradación de algunos componentes como los isoprenoides de la fracción saturada y los HAPs alquilados de la fracción aromática.. Se ha realizado una caracterización de la diversidad microbiana del consorcio AM, degradador de HAPs, mediante métodos dependientes e independientes de cultivo. Para ello se han aislado cepas heterotrofas y degradadoras de HAPs, se han construido librerías de clones de genes 16S y 18S rRNA y se ha estudiado la población de genes

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16S rRNA por DGGE. Se han identificado un total de 19 componentes microbianos diferentes pertenecientes al grupo filogenético de las Proteobacterias (16/19), Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides (CFB) (2/19) y Ascomicota (1/19). Los resultados obtenidos indican que es necesario realizar estudios polifásicos para conocer más profundamente la composición de un consorcio microbiano. Se ha diseñado un protocolo de ensayos de biotratabilidad, a escala de laboratorio, previo a la biorremediación de suelos contaminados por hidrocarburos, que consta de 2 fases de estudio. La primera fase evalúa la presencia de poblaciones microbianas, su actividad metabólica real y potencial y la biodegradabilidad de los contaminantes presentes en el suelo. La segunda fase estudia la optimización de las condiciones fisicoquímicas (humedad, aireación, nutrientes inorgánicos, biodisponibilidad) y biológicas (posibilidad de inocular poblaciones microbianas alóctonas) que pueden condicionar el proceso de biodegradación durante la biorremediación de suelos contaminados por hidrocarburos. Se han aplicado los ensayos de biotratabilidad para la biorremediación de un suelo contaminado por creosota y se ha profundizando en la caracterización microbiológica, química y ecotoxicológica del proceso de biodegradación. Los resultados obtenidos en la fase I, indican que el suelo es apto para la aplicación de la biorremediación. La aireación y la humedad del 40% de la capacidad de campo han sido los factores claves para alcanzar una importante biodegradación de los TPH y de los HAPs de 3 y 4 anillos, por parte de la población autóctona del suelo. El análisis por DGGE combinado con el análisis de componentes principales muestra que la estructura y la composición de las comunidades microbianas cambia de forma muy distinta con la adición de nutrientes, así como también a lo largo de todo el proceso de biodegradación. El proceso de biorremediación disminuye la toxicidad y la teratogenicidad de los lixiviados evaluados por los ensayos de Microtox® y FETAX, así como también la genotoxicidad potencial de los TPH analizada por microscopía de fuerzas atómicas (AFM), pero no disminuye la letalidad del suelo entero frente a Eisenia foetida.

http://www.tesisenred.net/TDX-0920105-085623/

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http://www.tesisenred.net/TDX-0920105-085623/

6. Oferta y demanda tecnológica

La Enterprise Europe Network es la mayor red europea de apoyo a las empresas, formada por más de 600 organizaciones con presencia en más de 40 países, uno de los objectivos fundamentales de dicha red es el fomento de la transferencia de tecnología.

Se presenta a continuación una recopilación de ofertas tecnológicas relacionadas con el área de la biorremediación y difundidas a través de la Enterprise Europe Network:

Heterotrophic thermophilic bacteria from the genus Ureibacillus and its use to produce sulfates.http://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm? BBS_ID=164524&org=953&back=true

Heterotrophic thermophilic bacteria from the species Brevibacillus thermoruber and its use to produce sulfateshttp://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm? BBS_ID=164522&org=953&back=true

Technology of bioremediation of soil contaminated with persistent organic pollutants http://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm? BBS_ID=161927&org=953&back=true

Sped up development of high-bioremediation alfalfa cultivars based on identification and molecular marking of the genes involved in salt-stress resistancehttp://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm? BBS_ID=161699&org=953&back=true

System for the decontamination of organic residueshttp://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm? BBS_ID=161193&org=953&back=true

Technology of soil cleaning from oil contaminationshttp://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm? BBS_ID=160974&org=953&back=true

Compost Bioremediation for Contaminated Soils Reclamationhttp://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm? BBS_ID=157388&org=953&back=true

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http://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm?BBS_ID=164524&org=953&back=true














Bacterial culture for degradation of atrazine and other s-triazine pesticideshttp://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm? BBS_ID=156965&org=953&back=true

Natural fertiliser that enhances soil productivity while reducing watering requirements and gradually cleaning chemical soil pollutionhttp://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm? BBS_ID=24968&org=953&back=true

Bioremediation technology for decolourising and detoxifying industrial coloured wastewatershttp://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm? BBS_ID=101001&org=953&back=true

Biological remediation method for contaminated soilshttp://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm? BBS_ID=162910&org=953&back=true

Bio-remediation end point detectorhttp://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm? BBS_ID=162785&org=953&back=true

Olive-husk as amendment of soils polluted with naphthalene.http://160.44.251.10/src/matching/templates/completerec.cfm? BBS_ID=162897&org=953&back=true

Soil remediation with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungihttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=OFFR_TM_EN&ACTION=D&DOC=3&CAT=OFFR&QUERY=012cf4093110:f437:0a363146&RCN=2254

Remediation technology suitable for an in situ combined biological and chemical elimination of damages occurred in soils and subsoil watershttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=NEW_RESU_TM&ACTION=D&DOC=31&CAT=RESU&QUERY=012cf40d77ee:df50:74dbfc86&RCN=42440

In situ bioremediation of chlorinated solvents in groundwaterhttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=NEW_RESU_TM&ACTION=D&DOC=36&CAT=RESU&QUERY=012cf40d77ee:df50:74dbfc86&RCN=41161

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http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=NEW_RESU_TM&ACTION=D&DOC=36&CAT=RESU&QUERY=012cf40d77ee:df50:74dbfc86&RCN=41161






http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=OFFR_TM_EN&ACTION=D&DOC=3&CAT=OFFR&QUERY=012cf4093110:f437:0a363146&RCN=2254















7. Socios

Se recoge a continuación una selección de las búsquedas de socios de investigación publicadas a través del servicio “SOCIOS” de la publicación europea Cordis.

Sustainable use, management and reclamation of soil and waterhttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=2&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf380dfd6:fa13:56627f17&RCN=85047

Agricultural researching and improvement centrehttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=3&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf380dfd6:fa13:56627f17&RCN=84333

Soil and waste treatment, remedial engineeringhttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=7&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf380dfd6:fa13:56627f17&RCN=80583

Laboratory of landscape researchhttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=8&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf380dfd6:fa13:56627f17&RCN=73768

Integrated waste management system - landfill design- soil investigation- water pollutionhttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=6&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf380dfd6:fa13:56627f17&RCN=81194

Research related to soil protection, fertilizer and pesticides, agricultural products qualityhttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=1&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf38e3946:f425:58b84842&RCN=85698

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http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=6&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf380dfd6:fa13:56627f17&RCN=81194















Land reclamation, soil management, soil degradation in relation to climate changes and human activities, soil erosion, pedology, irrigation and drainage networkhttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=21&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf3ad9c81:4040:404d9983&RCN=80177

Tourism and socio-economic impact of protected areashttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=1&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf3980b6a:2e96:5a145301&RCN=86375

Lurederra Foundation for Technical and Social Development-Centre with a wide experience in Environmental field and Biotechnologyhttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=4&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf3980b6a:2e96:5a145301&RCN=86199

Environmental geochemistry; heavy metals in soil and their interaction with plants and soil microorganisms; bioindicators and tolerance species; bioindication and bioremediation techniqueshttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=27&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf3ad9c81:4040:404d9983&RCN=76030

Wastewater treatment technologies - 'green' novel soil remediation technologies, Solid waste treatment technologies, composting, incineration, biochar productionhttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=30&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf3ad9c81:4040:404d9983&RCN=74176

Soil and nutrient management in extensive crop productionhttp://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=32&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf3ad9c81:4040:404d9983&RCN=60103

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http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=ES_FP7_PARTNERS&ACTION=D&DOC=4&CAT=PART&QUERY=012cf3980b6a:2e96:5a145301&RCN=86199









Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory http://cordis.europa.eu/search/index.cfm?fuseaction=part.document&CLB_LANG=EN&CLB_ID=9706889&pid=27&q=A3A8E8E7E0C41C8FE4436CB9604AA27C&type=adv

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8. Otros recursos

Estrategia temática para la protección del sueloUnion Europeahttp://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/agriculture/environment/l28181_es.htm

Contamination and Land managementEuropean Environment Agencia-JRC2004http://ec.europa.eu/environment/soil/pdf/vol4.pdf

EUGRIS Portal for soil and water management in Europehttp://www.eugris.info/

NICOLENetwork for industrially contaminated land in Europehttp://www.nicole.org/

SNOWMANMulti-criteria analysis (MCA) of remediation alternatives to access their overall impact and cost/benefit, with focus on soil function (ecosystem services and goods) and sustainability"http://project.chem.umu.se/snowman/?Welcome

EURODEMO+ European Co-ordination Action for Demonstration of Efficient Soil and Groundwater Remediationhttp://www.eurodemo.info/

Progress in management of contaminated sites European Environment Agencia 2007http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/progress-in-management-of-contaminated-sites/progress-in-management-of-contaminated-1

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http://www.eurodemo.info/

http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/agriculture/environment/l28181_es.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/soil/pdf/vol4.pdf

http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/progress-in-management-of-contaminated-sites/progress-in-management-of-contaminated-1

http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/progress-in-management-of-contaminated-sites/progress-in-management-of-contaminated-1

http://www.eugris.info/

http://www.nicole.org/

http://project.chem.umu.se/snowman/?Welcome

Programa EIADES Tecnologías de Evaluación y Recuperación de Emplazamientos Contaminadoshttp://www.eiades.com/index.html

Bioremediation Discussion Grouphttp://bioremediationgroup.org/

Bioremediation of Chlorinated SolventsEPAhttp://www.clu-in.org/techfocus/default.focus/sec/Bioremediation_of_Chlorinated_Solvents/cat/Overview/

Técnicas de recuperación de suelos contaminadosVVAAhttp://www.madrimasd.org/citme/Informes/Informes_GetFile.aspx?id=6522&orderid=0

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http://www.bioremediationgroup.org/

http://www.clu-in.org/techfocus/default.focus/sec/Bioremediation_of_Chlorinated_Solvents/cat/Overview/

http://www.madrimasd.org/citme/Informes/Informes_GetFile.aspx?id=6522&orderid=0

http://www.eiades.com/index.html

Elaborado por la Unidad de Vigilancia yTransferencia de Tecnología del CIS GaliciaDiseño y Tecnología para el [email protected] http://www.vixia.info Ferrol, 2010

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