• Every individual works in the organized group to achieve what he can’t achieve individually

• Management is an essential part of any group activity. Group can be:-

– Family – Play group– Work group– School– Business firm– A government

• Management is universal process• Wherever there is human activity, there is

management

Introduction to Management

By

Ambika Chauhan NairFaculty of Hotel & Tourism

Management

“Management”

Management is looked at from the following angles

• As a Noun

• As a Process

• As a Discipline

Management as a Noun

Management refers to all those persons who are concerned with getting the things done through others.

Ex.---persons of supervisory responsibilities, MD, GM, Board of Directors

HUMAN RELATIONSHIP CONCEPT

Management as a Process

Management refers to all that manager does.

Ex.---Planning, Organizing , Staffing, Directing, Controlling

FUNCTIONAL CONCEPT

Management as a Discipline

Management refers to a body of knowledge, a practice and a discipline.

Management refers to the principles and

practices of management as a subject of study

Definition of Management

Functional ConceptTo manage is to forecast and plan, to

organize, to command, to coordinate and to control

----Henry Fayol

Human Relation Concept

Management is the art of directing and inspiring people ---- Mooney & Railey

Management is the art of getting things done through & with people in formally organized groups. Its an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and individuals could co-operate towards attaining of group goals

---- Herold Koontz

Leadership & Decision making Concept

Management means decision making ---- Ross Moore

Management implies substitution of exact scientific investigation and knowledge for the old individual judgment or opinion, in all matters in the establishment

---- F.W. Taylor

Productivity Concept —Management as an art of increasing productivity

Management may be defined as an art of securing maximum prosperity and happiness for both employer & employee and give the public the best possible service.

---- John, F. Mee

Management is the art of knowing what u want to do…. In the best & the cheapest way.

---- F. W. Taylor

Integration Concept

Management is the force that integrates men & physical plant in to an effective operating unit.

---- Keith & Gubellini

Management consists in guiding human & physical resources into a dynamic, hard- hitting organization unit that attains its objectives to the satisfaction of those served and a high degree of morale and sense of attainment on the part of those rendering the services.

---- Lawrence , A. Apply

Nature/Characteristics of Management• Group Activity

• Goal- oriented—(economic & social objective)

• Universal in character

• Needed at all levels of Organization• Distinct process (of POSDMC )

• Social process

• System of authority• Dynamic function (continuous, moulding the enterprise with changing business environment)

• Art as well as science

• Profession

• Intangible

Purpose/Objectives of Management• Optimum utilization of resources

• Minimizing the element of risk

• Improving performance

• Planning for the future.

• Growth and Development of business

• Better quality goods

• Ensuring regular supply of goods

• Discipline and Morale

• Mobilizing the best talent

• Research and Development

Importance of Management

• Achievement of group objectives• Optimum utilization of resources• Minimization of cost to combat competition• Increased profit• Smooth running of business• Provides innovation• Change & growth• Social benefits

Scope of Management

• Planning• Organizing• Staffing• Directing • Controlling• Reporting• Budgeting

• Financial Management

• Personnel Management

• Production management

• Purchase Management

• Material Management

• Office Management

Branches of Management

A Science or an Art ? The debate whether management is

a science or an art is complicated. Management depicts characteristics of both.

Mgt as Science

• Systematized body of knowledge that uses scientific methods of observation

• Principles are evolved on the basis of continued observation

• Principles are exact & universal application without any limitation

• Cause & effect relationship• Validity can be verified and they prove a reliable basis of

predicting future events

It is systematized body of knowledge acquired by mankind

through observation and experimentation and which is

capable of verification

LIMITATION OF MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE OR

MANAGEMENT AS AN INEXACT OR SOCIAL SCIENCE

• Management principles are not fundamental truths (not a exact science)

• Principles of management donot have a universal application (soft science or behavioural science)

• Management lacks certainty of results

Mgt as an ArtIt is systematic application of skill or knowledge in effecting

accomplishment of results.

It represents the methods or ways of doing specific thing and

indicates how an objective is to be achieved.

Every art is practical and is concerned with creation of

something.• Personal skill • Practical knowledge• Regular practice• creativity

MANAGEMENT IS AN ART

AS WELL AS

SCIENCE

Mgt & AdminThree Views• Administration is part of

management• Administration comes first,

management follows it• Management and administration

are same

1. Management2. Administration

Management = Administration

1. Administration2. Management