introduction breedingcontents.kocw.net/kocw/document/2014/chungbuk/parkjaein/6.pdf · monterey...
TRANSCRIPT
도입에 의한 육종
Introduction Breeding
도입육종이란
나라나 지역을 이동하여 수목을 식재하여 활용하는 육종의 한 방법
육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다 문익점선생-목화도입
bull 무궁화 ndash한반도
bull lt중국에서 도입gt bull 백송 은행나무 개오동나무 bull 백목련 자목련 메타세쿼이아 bull 대추나무
bull lt일본에서 도입gt bull 일본목련 금송 일본잎갈나무 칠
엽수 밤나무 감나무 철쭉류
bull lt미국 에서 도입gt bull 낙우송 리기다소나무 테다소나
무 방크스소나무 버지니아소나무 아까시나무 스트로브잣나무 등
bull lt유럽에서 도입gt bull 독일가문비 마로니에(가시칠엽수)
호도나무
bull 히말라야 ndash 히말라야시다
bull 호주- 아라우카리아
bull 로버참나무(손기정선수)
지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
bull 도입은 누가 하나
bull 연구자(국립산림과학원)
bull 정치가 bull 여행가 bull 수집가
bull 아로니아 bull 블루베리 bull 대왕참나무 bull 백합나무 bull 루브라참나무
도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1) 구분 성공지 실패지
미국의 동북부
로키산맥 북유럽지중해 연안의 산간지대 일본 본주
미국과 카나다및 멕시코의 태평양연안미국의 동남부와 서남부 일본 북해도 스칸디나비아 시베리아
영국 미국및 캐나다의 태평양연안 북유럽 일본 본주의 산간지대 서부유럽 지중해 연안유역
북부아시아 멕시코 일본의 저지대 중국및 지중해연안의 저지대 히말라야산맥
이탈리아의 북부 프랑스의 남부 독일
미국의 동부와 서부 일본 본주의 산간지대 중국의 서부
북유럽 시베리아
스칸디나비아의 남부
시베리아 중앙유럽의 산간지대 미국의 서부
-
도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2) 구분 성공지 실패지
캘리포니아 뉴질랜드 오스트레일리아 남아프리카공화국 이탈리아의 남부
캘리포니아 오스트레일리아 지중해 연안지역 멕시코의 산간지대 미국의 동남부
일본 본주의 산간지대 중국의 서부 북유럽 이국의 동북부
케냐 탄자니아 지중해연안 캘리포니아의 저지대 멕시코 인도
-
아르헨티나의 북부 오스트레일리아 산간지대 미국의 동남부 일본과 멕시코의 일부지역
미국의 서부 및 북부
도입의 성공여부의 요인
bull 1 자생지에서의 생육 특성 자생지에서의 생육 특성은 도입국에서도 그대로 나타나는 것이 보통이다
bull 2 기후조건의 유사성 자생지와 도입국의 기후 상 유사성이 있으면 성공가능성이 높다
bull 3 재래식생이 부족한 곳에서 유리할 경우가 많다
bull 4 적응력의 차이 수종에 따라서는 적응력에 차이가 나는 경우가 있다
5 1속1종으로 구성되는 수종 멸종하지 않고 생존한 것 은 이용 가능성이 높은 형질을 갖는 경우가 많다 6 수종내의 유전적 변이맞는 것을 선택하면 성공가능성 높아진다
도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
bull 1 자연분포의 범위 - 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무 시베리아가문비나무 자생지 분포 좁지만 도입하여 성공한 수종 엘리오타이소나무 미송 구주적송 분포지 넓지만 도입 성공 2 자생지에서의 경제적 중요성 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무는 자생지에서는 활용 적지만 다른 나라에서는 대면적으로 조림 발삼전나무 레지노사소나무 자생지에서 분포구역이 넓어 중요 경제수종이지만 외국에서는 성공 못함 3 위도 중요하지 않음 프랑스 파리는 북위 49도에 위치하고 있어 미국 북부 New Foundland나 파리의 겨울은 버지니아 Norfork(북위 37도)와 비슷하다 그런데 버지니아산 수종은 파리에서 자랄 수 있어도 파리산 수종은 New Foundland 에서 자랄 수 없다
귀화식물(naturalized plants)
bull 족제비싸리 Amorpha fruticosa L(북미) bull 털족제비싸리 Amorpha canescens Nutt(북
미) bull 아까시나무 Robinia pseudoacacia (북미) bull 꽃아까시나무 Robinia hispida L(북미) bull 가죽나무 Ailanthus altissima
(Mill)Swingle(중국) bull 참죽나무 Cedrela sinensis Juss (중국) bull 서양산딸기 Rubus fruticosus L (유럽)
Monterey pine Pinus radiata
Monterey pine plantation Australia
CaliforniaUSA
Controlled Pollination New Zealand
Monterey pine-외국 성공 예 bull In New Zealand and Australia tree improvement in radiata
pine began in the 1950s with the planting of the first seed orchards in 1957 (Shelbourne et al 1986 Wu et al 2007) The early efforts aimed to improve growth rates and tree form and by the 1980s seed orchards were producing most of the seed needed by growers
bull The South African radiata pine tree-breeding programme started in 1961
bull In Chile tree-breeding began in the late 1970s and also focused on growth rates and tree form There is a
bull universityndashindustry radiata pine breeding cooperative in Chile
bull A breeding programme was launched in Galicia Spain in 1992
724
1단계
bull 1925~1945 총 376종 도입(30개국) 388곳 적응성 검정
rArr 선발수종 리기다 아까시나무 일본잎갈나무 오리나무 자작나무 등
bull 지역적응성 검정림 및 성적 한국전쟁(1950~1953) 중 대부분 소실
2단계
bull 1958~1995 415종 도입 (38개국)
bull 양묘단계 부적응 300수종 향토수종 대비 생장 저조 92수종
rArr 선발수종 백합나무 루브라참나무 세로티나벚나무 등
우리나라 도입육종
2 도입육종
824
수종 재적생장 보급년도 우수 종자산지
조림면적 (ha)
이태리포플러 (I-214 I476) 미루나무(10년생) 대비 25배 우수 1961 Italia 739599
벨지움 포플러 (V-211) 일반 포플러 대비 12배 우수 1973 Belgium 20800
스트로브잣나무 잣나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 951
테다소나무 리기다소나무(10년생) 대비 34배 우수 1971 TX NY MS MR SC 11257
버지니아소나무 리기다소나무(17년생) 대비 14배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 574
루부라참나무 상수리나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 Pennsylvania -
백합나무 낙엽송 대비(30년생) 20배 우수 2004 East US 21285
좀잎산오리 오리나무 대비(10년생) 30배 우수 1971 Japan 11839
선발 주요 외국 유망 수종 생장 특성 및 현황(국립산림과학원)
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입육종이란
나라나 지역을 이동하여 수목을 식재하여 활용하는 육종의 한 방법
육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다 문익점선생-목화도입
bull 무궁화 ndash한반도
bull lt중국에서 도입gt bull 백송 은행나무 개오동나무 bull 백목련 자목련 메타세쿼이아 bull 대추나무
bull lt일본에서 도입gt bull 일본목련 금송 일본잎갈나무 칠
엽수 밤나무 감나무 철쭉류
bull lt미국 에서 도입gt bull 낙우송 리기다소나무 테다소나
무 방크스소나무 버지니아소나무 아까시나무 스트로브잣나무 등
bull lt유럽에서 도입gt bull 독일가문비 마로니에(가시칠엽수)
호도나무
bull 히말라야 ndash 히말라야시다
bull 호주- 아라우카리아
bull 로버참나무(손기정선수)
지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
bull 도입은 누가 하나
bull 연구자(국립산림과학원)
bull 정치가 bull 여행가 bull 수집가
bull 아로니아 bull 블루베리 bull 대왕참나무 bull 백합나무 bull 루브라참나무
도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1) 구분 성공지 실패지
미국의 동북부
로키산맥 북유럽지중해 연안의 산간지대 일본 본주
미국과 카나다및 멕시코의 태평양연안미국의 동남부와 서남부 일본 북해도 스칸디나비아 시베리아
영국 미국및 캐나다의 태평양연안 북유럽 일본 본주의 산간지대 서부유럽 지중해 연안유역
북부아시아 멕시코 일본의 저지대 중국및 지중해연안의 저지대 히말라야산맥
이탈리아의 북부 프랑스의 남부 독일
미국의 동부와 서부 일본 본주의 산간지대 중국의 서부
북유럽 시베리아
스칸디나비아의 남부
시베리아 중앙유럽의 산간지대 미국의 서부
-
도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2) 구분 성공지 실패지
캘리포니아 뉴질랜드 오스트레일리아 남아프리카공화국 이탈리아의 남부
캘리포니아 오스트레일리아 지중해 연안지역 멕시코의 산간지대 미국의 동남부
일본 본주의 산간지대 중국의 서부 북유럽 이국의 동북부
케냐 탄자니아 지중해연안 캘리포니아의 저지대 멕시코 인도
-
아르헨티나의 북부 오스트레일리아 산간지대 미국의 동남부 일본과 멕시코의 일부지역
미국의 서부 및 북부
도입의 성공여부의 요인
bull 1 자생지에서의 생육 특성 자생지에서의 생육 특성은 도입국에서도 그대로 나타나는 것이 보통이다
bull 2 기후조건의 유사성 자생지와 도입국의 기후 상 유사성이 있으면 성공가능성이 높다
bull 3 재래식생이 부족한 곳에서 유리할 경우가 많다
bull 4 적응력의 차이 수종에 따라서는 적응력에 차이가 나는 경우가 있다
5 1속1종으로 구성되는 수종 멸종하지 않고 생존한 것 은 이용 가능성이 높은 형질을 갖는 경우가 많다 6 수종내의 유전적 변이맞는 것을 선택하면 성공가능성 높아진다
도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
bull 1 자연분포의 범위 - 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무 시베리아가문비나무 자생지 분포 좁지만 도입하여 성공한 수종 엘리오타이소나무 미송 구주적송 분포지 넓지만 도입 성공 2 자생지에서의 경제적 중요성 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무는 자생지에서는 활용 적지만 다른 나라에서는 대면적으로 조림 발삼전나무 레지노사소나무 자생지에서 분포구역이 넓어 중요 경제수종이지만 외국에서는 성공 못함 3 위도 중요하지 않음 프랑스 파리는 북위 49도에 위치하고 있어 미국 북부 New Foundland나 파리의 겨울은 버지니아 Norfork(북위 37도)와 비슷하다 그런데 버지니아산 수종은 파리에서 자랄 수 있어도 파리산 수종은 New Foundland 에서 자랄 수 없다
귀화식물(naturalized plants)
bull 족제비싸리 Amorpha fruticosa L(북미) bull 털족제비싸리 Amorpha canescens Nutt(북
미) bull 아까시나무 Robinia pseudoacacia (북미) bull 꽃아까시나무 Robinia hispida L(북미) bull 가죽나무 Ailanthus altissima
(Mill)Swingle(중국) bull 참죽나무 Cedrela sinensis Juss (중국) bull 서양산딸기 Rubus fruticosus L (유럽)
Monterey pine Pinus radiata
Monterey pine plantation Australia
CaliforniaUSA
Controlled Pollination New Zealand
Monterey pine-외국 성공 예 bull In New Zealand and Australia tree improvement in radiata
pine began in the 1950s with the planting of the first seed orchards in 1957 (Shelbourne et al 1986 Wu et al 2007) The early efforts aimed to improve growth rates and tree form and by the 1980s seed orchards were producing most of the seed needed by growers
bull The South African radiata pine tree-breeding programme started in 1961
bull In Chile tree-breeding began in the late 1970s and also focused on growth rates and tree form There is a
bull universityndashindustry radiata pine breeding cooperative in Chile
bull A breeding programme was launched in Galicia Spain in 1992
724
1단계
bull 1925~1945 총 376종 도입(30개국) 388곳 적응성 검정
rArr 선발수종 리기다 아까시나무 일본잎갈나무 오리나무 자작나무 등
bull 지역적응성 검정림 및 성적 한국전쟁(1950~1953) 중 대부분 소실
2단계
bull 1958~1995 415종 도입 (38개국)
bull 양묘단계 부적응 300수종 향토수종 대비 생장 저조 92수종
rArr 선발수종 백합나무 루브라참나무 세로티나벚나무 등
우리나라 도입육종
2 도입육종
824
수종 재적생장 보급년도 우수 종자산지
조림면적 (ha)
이태리포플러 (I-214 I476) 미루나무(10년생) 대비 25배 우수 1961 Italia 739599
벨지움 포플러 (V-211) 일반 포플러 대비 12배 우수 1973 Belgium 20800
스트로브잣나무 잣나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 951
테다소나무 리기다소나무(10년생) 대비 34배 우수 1971 TX NY MS MR SC 11257
버지니아소나무 리기다소나무(17년생) 대비 14배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 574
루부라참나무 상수리나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 Pennsylvania -
백합나무 낙엽송 대비(30년생) 20배 우수 2004 East US 21285
좀잎산오리 오리나무 대비(10년생) 30배 우수 1971 Japan 11839
선발 주요 외국 유망 수종 생장 특성 및 현황(국립산림과학원)
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다 문익점선생-목화도입
bull 무궁화 ndash한반도
bull lt중국에서 도입gt bull 백송 은행나무 개오동나무 bull 백목련 자목련 메타세쿼이아 bull 대추나무
bull lt일본에서 도입gt bull 일본목련 금송 일본잎갈나무 칠
엽수 밤나무 감나무 철쭉류
bull lt미국 에서 도입gt bull 낙우송 리기다소나무 테다소나
무 방크스소나무 버지니아소나무 아까시나무 스트로브잣나무 등
bull lt유럽에서 도입gt bull 독일가문비 마로니에(가시칠엽수)
호도나무
bull 히말라야 ndash 히말라야시다
bull 호주- 아라우카리아
bull 로버참나무(손기정선수)
지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
bull 도입은 누가 하나
bull 연구자(국립산림과학원)
bull 정치가 bull 여행가 bull 수집가
bull 아로니아 bull 블루베리 bull 대왕참나무 bull 백합나무 bull 루브라참나무
도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1) 구분 성공지 실패지
미국의 동북부
로키산맥 북유럽지중해 연안의 산간지대 일본 본주
미국과 카나다및 멕시코의 태평양연안미국의 동남부와 서남부 일본 북해도 스칸디나비아 시베리아
영국 미국및 캐나다의 태평양연안 북유럽 일본 본주의 산간지대 서부유럽 지중해 연안유역
북부아시아 멕시코 일본의 저지대 중국및 지중해연안의 저지대 히말라야산맥
이탈리아의 북부 프랑스의 남부 독일
미국의 동부와 서부 일본 본주의 산간지대 중국의 서부
북유럽 시베리아
스칸디나비아의 남부
시베리아 중앙유럽의 산간지대 미국의 서부
-
도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2) 구분 성공지 실패지
캘리포니아 뉴질랜드 오스트레일리아 남아프리카공화국 이탈리아의 남부
캘리포니아 오스트레일리아 지중해 연안지역 멕시코의 산간지대 미국의 동남부
일본 본주의 산간지대 중국의 서부 북유럽 이국의 동북부
케냐 탄자니아 지중해연안 캘리포니아의 저지대 멕시코 인도
-
아르헨티나의 북부 오스트레일리아 산간지대 미국의 동남부 일본과 멕시코의 일부지역
미국의 서부 및 북부
도입의 성공여부의 요인
bull 1 자생지에서의 생육 특성 자생지에서의 생육 특성은 도입국에서도 그대로 나타나는 것이 보통이다
bull 2 기후조건의 유사성 자생지와 도입국의 기후 상 유사성이 있으면 성공가능성이 높다
bull 3 재래식생이 부족한 곳에서 유리할 경우가 많다
bull 4 적응력의 차이 수종에 따라서는 적응력에 차이가 나는 경우가 있다
5 1속1종으로 구성되는 수종 멸종하지 않고 생존한 것 은 이용 가능성이 높은 형질을 갖는 경우가 많다 6 수종내의 유전적 변이맞는 것을 선택하면 성공가능성 높아진다
도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
bull 1 자연분포의 범위 - 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무 시베리아가문비나무 자생지 분포 좁지만 도입하여 성공한 수종 엘리오타이소나무 미송 구주적송 분포지 넓지만 도입 성공 2 자생지에서의 경제적 중요성 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무는 자생지에서는 활용 적지만 다른 나라에서는 대면적으로 조림 발삼전나무 레지노사소나무 자생지에서 분포구역이 넓어 중요 경제수종이지만 외국에서는 성공 못함 3 위도 중요하지 않음 프랑스 파리는 북위 49도에 위치하고 있어 미국 북부 New Foundland나 파리의 겨울은 버지니아 Norfork(북위 37도)와 비슷하다 그런데 버지니아산 수종은 파리에서 자랄 수 있어도 파리산 수종은 New Foundland 에서 자랄 수 없다
귀화식물(naturalized plants)
bull 족제비싸리 Amorpha fruticosa L(북미) bull 털족제비싸리 Amorpha canescens Nutt(북
미) bull 아까시나무 Robinia pseudoacacia (북미) bull 꽃아까시나무 Robinia hispida L(북미) bull 가죽나무 Ailanthus altissima
(Mill)Swingle(중국) bull 참죽나무 Cedrela sinensis Juss (중국) bull 서양산딸기 Rubus fruticosus L (유럽)
Monterey pine Pinus radiata
Monterey pine plantation Australia
CaliforniaUSA
Controlled Pollination New Zealand
Monterey pine-외국 성공 예 bull In New Zealand and Australia tree improvement in radiata
pine began in the 1950s with the planting of the first seed orchards in 1957 (Shelbourne et al 1986 Wu et al 2007) The early efforts aimed to improve growth rates and tree form and by the 1980s seed orchards were producing most of the seed needed by growers
bull The South African radiata pine tree-breeding programme started in 1961
bull In Chile tree-breeding began in the late 1970s and also focused on growth rates and tree form There is a
bull universityndashindustry radiata pine breeding cooperative in Chile
bull A breeding programme was launched in Galicia Spain in 1992
724
1단계
bull 1925~1945 총 376종 도입(30개국) 388곳 적응성 검정
rArr 선발수종 리기다 아까시나무 일본잎갈나무 오리나무 자작나무 등
bull 지역적응성 검정림 및 성적 한국전쟁(1950~1953) 중 대부분 소실
2단계
bull 1958~1995 415종 도입 (38개국)
bull 양묘단계 부적응 300수종 향토수종 대비 생장 저조 92수종
rArr 선발수종 백합나무 루브라참나무 세로티나벚나무 등
우리나라 도입육종
2 도입육종
824
수종 재적생장 보급년도 우수 종자산지
조림면적 (ha)
이태리포플러 (I-214 I476) 미루나무(10년생) 대비 25배 우수 1961 Italia 739599
벨지움 포플러 (V-211) 일반 포플러 대비 12배 우수 1973 Belgium 20800
스트로브잣나무 잣나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 951
테다소나무 리기다소나무(10년생) 대비 34배 우수 1971 TX NY MS MR SC 11257
버지니아소나무 리기다소나무(17년생) 대비 14배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 574
루부라참나무 상수리나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 Pennsylvania -
백합나무 낙엽송 대비(30년생) 20배 우수 2004 East US 21285
좀잎산오리 오리나무 대비(10년생) 30배 우수 1971 Japan 11839
선발 주요 외국 유망 수종 생장 특성 및 현황(국립산림과학원)
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
bull 도입은 누가 하나
bull 연구자(국립산림과학원)
bull 정치가 bull 여행가 bull 수집가
bull 아로니아 bull 블루베리 bull 대왕참나무 bull 백합나무 bull 루브라참나무
도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1) 구분 성공지 실패지
미국의 동북부
로키산맥 북유럽지중해 연안의 산간지대 일본 본주
미국과 카나다및 멕시코의 태평양연안미국의 동남부와 서남부 일본 북해도 스칸디나비아 시베리아
영국 미국및 캐나다의 태평양연안 북유럽 일본 본주의 산간지대 서부유럽 지중해 연안유역
북부아시아 멕시코 일본의 저지대 중국및 지중해연안의 저지대 히말라야산맥
이탈리아의 북부 프랑스의 남부 독일
미국의 동부와 서부 일본 본주의 산간지대 중국의 서부
북유럽 시베리아
스칸디나비아의 남부
시베리아 중앙유럽의 산간지대 미국의 서부
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도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2) 구분 성공지 실패지
캘리포니아 뉴질랜드 오스트레일리아 남아프리카공화국 이탈리아의 남부
캘리포니아 오스트레일리아 지중해 연안지역 멕시코의 산간지대 미국의 동남부
일본 본주의 산간지대 중국의 서부 북유럽 이국의 동북부
케냐 탄자니아 지중해연안 캘리포니아의 저지대 멕시코 인도
-
아르헨티나의 북부 오스트레일리아 산간지대 미국의 동남부 일본과 멕시코의 일부지역
미국의 서부 및 북부
도입의 성공여부의 요인
bull 1 자생지에서의 생육 특성 자생지에서의 생육 특성은 도입국에서도 그대로 나타나는 것이 보통이다
bull 2 기후조건의 유사성 자생지와 도입국의 기후 상 유사성이 있으면 성공가능성이 높다
bull 3 재래식생이 부족한 곳에서 유리할 경우가 많다
bull 4 적응력의 차이 수종에 따라서는 적응력에 차이가 나는 경우가 있다
5 1속1종으로 구성되는 수종 멸종하지 않고 생존한 것 은 이용 가능성이 높은 형질을 갖는 경우가 많다 6 수종내의 유전적 변이맞는 것을 선택하면 성공가능성 높아진다
도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
bull 1 자연분포의 범위 - 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무 시베리아가문비나무 자생지 분포 좁지만 도입하여 성공한 수종 엘리오타이소나무 미송 구주적송 분포지 넓지만 도입 성공 2 자생지에서의 경제적 중요성 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무는 자생지에서는 활용 적지만 다른 나라에서는 대면적으로 조림 발삼전나무 레지노사소나무 자생지에서 분포구역이 넓어 중요 경제수종이지만 외국에서는 성공 못함 3 위도 중요하지 않음 프랑스 파리는 북위 49도에 위치하고 있어 미국 북부 New Foundland나 파리의 겨울은 버지니아 Norfork(북위 37도)와 비슷하다 그런데 버지니아산 수종은 파리에서 자랄 수 있어도 파리산 수종은 New Foundland 에서 자랄 수 없다
귀화식물(naturalized plants)
bull 족제비싸리 Amorpha fruticosa L(북미) bull 털족제비싸리 Amorpha canescens Nutt(북
미) bull 아까시나무 Robinia pseudoacacia (북미) bull 꽃아까시나무 Robinia hispida L(북미) bull 가죽나무 Ailanthus altissima
(Mill)Swingle(중국) bull 참죽나무 Cedrela sinensis Juss (중국) bull 서양산딸기 Rubus fruticosus L (유럽)
Monterey pine Pinus radiata
Monterey pine plantation Australia
CaliforniaUSA
Controlled Pollination New Zealand
Monterey pine-외국 성공 예 bull In New Zealand and Australia tree improvement in radiata
pine began in the 1950s with the planting of the first seed orchards in 1957 (Shelbourne et al 1986 Wu et al 2007) The early efforts aimed to improve growth rates and tree form and by the 1980s seed orchards were producing most of the seed needed by growers
bull The South African radiata pine tree-breeding programme started in 1961
bull In Chile tree-breeding began in the late 1970s and also focused on growth rates and tree form There is a
bull universityndashindustry radiata pine breeding cooperative in Chile
bull A breeding programme was launched in Galicia Spain in 1992
724
1단계
bull 1925~1945 총 376종 도입(30개국) 388곳 적응성 검정
rArr 선발수종 리기다 아까시나무 일본잎갈나무 오리나무 자작나무 등
bull 지역적응성 검정림 및 성적 한국전쟁(1950~1953) 중 대부분 소실
2단계
bull 1958~1995 415종 도입 (38개국)
bull 양묘단계 부적응 300수종 향토수종 대비 생장 저조 92수종
rArr 선발수종 백합나무 루브라참나무 세로티나벚나무 등
우리나라 도입육종
2 도입육종
824
수종 재적생장 보급년도 우수 종자산지
조림면적 (ha)
이태리포플러 (I-214 I476) 미루나무(10년생) 대비 25배 우수 1961 Italia 739599
벨지움 포플러 (V-211) 일반 포플러 대비 12배 우수 1973 Belgium 20800
스트로브잣나무 잣나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 951
테다소나무 리기다소나무(10년생) 대비 34배 우수 1971 TX NY MS MR SC 11257
버지니아소나무 리기다소나무(17년생) 대비 14배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 574
루부라참나무 상수리나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 Pennsylvania -
백합나무 낙엽송 대비(30년생) 20배 우수 2004 East US 21285
좀잎산오리 오리나무 대비(10년생) 30배 우수 1971 Japan 11839
선발 주요 외국 유망 수종 생장 특성 및 현황(국립산림과학원)
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1) 구분 성공지 실패지
미국의 동북부
로키산맥 북유럽지중해 연안의 산간지대 일본 본주
미국과 카나다및 멕시코의 태평양연안미국의 동남부와 서남부 일본 북해도 스칸디나비아 시베리아
영국 미국및 캐나다의 태평양연안 북유럽 일본 본주의 산간지대 서부유럽 지중해 연안유역
북부아시아 멕시코 일본의 저지대 중국및 지중해연안의 저지대 히말라야산맥
이탈리아의 북부 프랑스의 남부 독일
미국의 동부와 서부 일본 본주의 산간지대 중국의 서부
북유럽 시베리아
스칸디나비아의 남부
시베리아 중앙유럽의 산간지대 미국의 서부
-
도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2) 구분 성공지 실패지
캘리포니아 뉴질랜드 오스트레일리아 남아프리카공화국 이탈리아의 남부
캘리포니아 오스트레일리아 지중해 연안지역 멕시코의 산간지대 미국의 동남부
일본 본주의 산간지대 중국의 서부 북유럽 이국의 동북부
케냐 탄자니아 지중해연안 캘리포니아의 저지대 멕시코 인도
-
아르헨티나의 북부 오스트레일리아 산간지대 미국의 동남부 일본과 멕시코의 일부지역
미국의 서부 및 북부
도입의 성공여부의 요인
bull 1 자생지에서의 생육 특성 자생지에서의 생육 특성은 도입국에서도 그대로 나타나는 것이 보통이다
bull 2 기후조건의 유사성 자생지와 도입국의 기후 상 유사성이 있으면 성공가능성이 높다
bull 3 재래식생이 부족한 곳에서 유리할 경우가 많다
bull 4 적응력의 차이 수종에 따라서는 적응력에 차이가 나는 경우가 있다
5 1속1종으로 구성되는 수종 멸종하지 않고 생존한 것 은 이용 가능성이 높은 형질을 갖는 경우가 많다 6 수종내의 유전적 변이맞는 것을 선택하면 성공가능성 높아진다
도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
bull 1 자연분포의 범위 - 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무 시베리아가문비나무 자생지 분포 좁지만 도입하여 성공한 수종 엘리오타이소나무 미송 구주적송 분포지 넓지만 도입 성공 2 자생지에서의 경제적 중요성 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무는 자생지에서는 활용 적지만 다른 나라에서는 대면적으로 조림 발삼전나무 레지노사소나무 자생지에서 분포구역이 넓어 중요 경제수종이지만 외국에서는 성공 못함 3 위도 중요하지 않음 프랑스 파리는 북위 49도에 위치하고 있어 미국 북부 New Foundland나 파리의 겨울은 버지니아 Norfork(북위 37도)와 비슷하다 그런데 버지니아산 수종은 파리에서 자랄 수 있어도 파리산 수종은 New Foundland 에서 자랄 수 없다
귀화식물(naturalized plants)
bull 족제비싸리 Amorpha fruticosa L(북미) bull 털족제비싸리 Amorpha canescens Nutt(북
미) bull 아까시나무 Robinia pseudoacacia (북미) bull 꽃아까시나무 Robinia hispida L(북미) bull 가죽나무 Ailanthus altissima
(Mill)Swingle(중국) bull 참죽나무 Cedrela sinensis Juss (중국) bull 서양산딸기 Rubus fruticosus L (유럽)
Monterey pine Pinus radiata
Monterey pine plantation Australia
CaliforniaUSA
Controlled Pollination New Zealand
Monterey pine-외국 성공 예 bull In New Zealand and Australia tree improvement in radiata
pine began in the 1950s with the planting of the first seed orchards in 1957 (Shelbourne et al 1986 Wu et al 2007) The early efforts aimed to improve growth rates and tree form and by the 1980s seed orchards were producing most of the seed needed by growers
bull The South African radiata pine tree-breeding programme started in 1961
bull In Chile tree-breeding began in the late 1970s and also focused on growth rates and tree form There is a
bull universityndashindustry radiata pine breeding cooperative in Chile
bull A breeding programme was launched in Galicia Spain in 1992
724
1단계
bull 1925~1945 총 376종 도입(30개국) 388곳 적응성 검정
rArr 선발수종 리기다 아까시나무 일본잎갈나무 오리나무 자작나무 등
bull 지역적응성 검정림 및 성적 한국전쟁(1950~1953) 중 대부분 소실
2단계
bull 1958~1995 415종 도입 (38개국)
bull 양묘단계 부적응 300수종 향토수종 대비 생장 저조 92수종
rArr 선발수종 백합나무 루브라참나무 세로티나벚나무 등
우리나라 도입육종
2 도입육종
824
수종 재적생장 보급년도 우수 종자산지
조림면적 (ha)
이태리포플러 (I-214 I476) 미루나무(10년생) 대비 25배 우수 1961 Italia 739599
벨지움 포플러 (V-211) 일반 포플러 대비 12배 우수 1973 Belgium 20800
스트로브잣나무 잣나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 951
테다소나무 리기다소나무(10년생) 대비 34배 우수 1971 TX NY MS MR SC 11257
버지니아소나무 리기다소나무(17년생) 대비 14배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 574
루부라참나무 상수리나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 Pennsylvania -
백합나무 낙엽송 대비(30년생) 20배 우수 2004 East US 21285
좀잎산오리 오리나무 대비(10년생) 30배 우수 1971 Japan 11839
선발 주요 외국 유망 수종 생장 특성 및 현황(국립산림과학원)
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2) 구분 성공지 실패지
캘리포니아 뉴질랜드 오스트레일리아 남아프리카공화국 이탈리아의 남부
캘리포니아 오스트레일리아 지중해 연안지역 멕시코의 산간지대 미국의 동남부
일본 본주의 산간지대 중국의 서부 북유럽 이국의 동북부
케냐 탄자니아 지중해연안 캘리포니아의 저지대 멕시코 인도
-
아르헨티나의 북부 오스트레일리아 산간지대 미국의 동남부 일본과 멕시코의 일부지역
미국의 서부 및 북부
도입의 성공여부의 요인
bull 1 자생지에서의 생육 특성 자생지에서의 생육 특성은 도입국에서도 그대로 나타나는 것이 보통이다
bull 2 기후조건의 유사성 자생지와 도입국의 기후 상 유사성이 있으면 성공가능성이 높다
bull 3 재래식생이 부족한 곳에서 유리할 경우가 많다
bull 4 적응력의 차이 수종에 따라서는 적응력에 차이가 나는 경우가 있다
5 1속1종으로 구성되는 수종 멸종하지 않고 생존한 것 은 이용 가능성이 높은 형질을 갖는 경우가 많다 6 수종내의 유전적 변이맞는 것을 선택하면 성공가능성 높아진다
도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
bull 1 자연분포의 범위 - 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무 시베리아가문비나무 자생지 분포 좁지만 도입하여 성공한 수종 엘리오타이소나무 미송 구주적송 분포지 넓지만 도입 성공 2 자생지에서의 경제적 중요성 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무는 자생지에서는 활용 적지만 다른 나라에서는 대면적으로 조림 발삼전나무 레지노사소나무 자생지에서 분포구역이 넓어 중요 경제수종이지만 외국에서는 성공 못함 3 위도 중요하지 않음 프랑스 파리는 북위 49도에 위치하고 있어 미국 북부 New Foundland나 파리의 겨울은 버지니아 Norfork(북위 37도)와 비슷하다 그런데 버지니아산 수종은 파리에서 자랄 수 있어도 파리산 수종은 New Foundland 에서 자랄 수 없다
귀화식물(naturalized plants)
bull 족제비싸리 Amorpha fruticosa L(북미) bull 털족제비싸리 Amorpha canescens Nutt(북
미) bull 아까시나무 Robinia pseudoacacia (북미) bull 꽃아까시나무 Robinia hispida L(북미) bull 가죽나무 Ailanthus altissima
(Mill)Swingle(중국) bull 참죽나무 Cedrela sinensis Juss (중국) bull 서양산딸기 Rubus fruticosus L (유럽)
Monterey pine Pinus radiata
Monterey pine plantation Australia
CaliforniaUSA
Controlled Pollination New Zealand
Monterey pine-외국 성공 예 bull In New Zealand and Australia tree improvement in radiata
pine began in the 1950s with the planting of the first seed orchards in 1957 (Shelbourne et al 1986 Wu et al 2007) The early efforts aimed to improve growth rates and tree form and by the 1980s seed orchards were producing most of the seed needed by growers
bull The South African radiata pine tree-breeding programme started in 1961
bull In Chile tree-breeding began in the late 1970s and also focused on growth rates and tree form There is a
bull universityndashindustry radiata pine breeding cooperative in Chile
bull A breeding programme was launched in Galicia Spain in 1992
724
1단계
bull 1925~1945 총 376종 도입(30개국) 388곳 적응성 검정
rArr 선발수종 리기다 아까시나무 일본잎갈나무 오리나무 자작나무 등
bull 지역적응성 검정림 및 성적 한국전쟁(1950~1953) 중 대부분 소실
2단계
bull 1958~1995 415종 도입 (38개국)
bull 양묘단계 부적응 300수종 향토수종 대비 생장 저조 92수종
rArr 선발수종 백합나무 루브라참나무 세로티나벚나무 등
우리나라 도입육종
2 도입육종
824
수종 재적생장 보급년도 우수 종자산지
조림면적 (ha)
이태리포플러 (I-214 I476) 미루나무(10년생) 대비 25배 우수 1961 Italia 739599
벨지움 포플러 (V-211) 일반 포플러 대비 12배 우수 1973 Belgium 20800
스트로브잣나무 잣나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 951
테다소나무 리기다소나무(10년생) 대비 34배 우수 1971 TX NY MS MR SC 11257
버지니아소나무 리기다소나무(17년생) 대비 14배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 574
루부라참나무 상수리나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 Pennsylvania -
백합나무 낙엽송 대비(30년생) 20배 우수 2004 East US 21285
좀잎산오리 오리나무 대비(10년생) 30배 우수 1971 Japan 11839
선발 주요 외국 유망 수종 생장 특성 및 현황(국립산림과학원)
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입의 성공여부의 요인
bull 1 자생지에서의 생육 특성 자생지에서의 생육 특성은 도입국에서도 그대로 나타나는 것이 보통이다
bull 2 기후조건의 유사성 자생지와 도입국의 기후 상 유사성이 있으면 성공가능성이 높다
bull 3 재래식생이 부족한 곳에서 유리할 경우가 많다
bull 4 적응력의 차이 수종에 따라서는 적응력에 차이가 나는 경우가 있다
5 1속1종으로 구성되는 수종 멸종하지 않고 생존한 것 은 이용 가능성이 높은 형질을 갖는 경우가 많다 6 수종내의 유전적 변이맞는 것을 선택하면 성공가능성 높아진다
도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
bull 1 자연분포의 범위 - 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무 시베리아가문비나무 자생지 분포 좁지만 도입하여 성공한 수종 엘리오타이소나무 미송 구주적송 분포지 넓지만 도입 성공 2 자생지에서의 경제적 중요성 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무는 자생지에서는 활용 적지만 다른 나라에서는 대면적으로 조림 발삼전나무 레지노사소나무 자생지에서 분포구역이 넓어 중요 경제수종이지만 외국에서는 성공 못함 3 위도 중요하지 않음 프랑스 파리는 북위 49도에 위치하고 있어 미국 북부 New Foundland나 파리의 겨울은 버지니아 Norfork(북위 37도)와 비슷하다 그런데 버지니아산 수종은 파리에서 자랄 수 있어도 파리산 수종은 New Foundland 에서 자랄 수 없다
귀화식물(naturalized plants)
bull 족제비싸리 Amorpha fruticosa L(북미) bull 털족제비싸리 Amorpha canescens Nutt(북
미) bull 아까시나무 Robinia pseudoacacia (북미) bull 꽃아까시나무 Robinia hispida L(북미) bull 가죽나무 Ailanthus altissima
(Mill)Swingle(중국) bull 참죽나무 Cedrela sinensis Juss (중국) bull 서양산딸기 Rubus fruticosus L (유럽)
Monterey pine Pinus radiata
Monterey pine plantation Australia
CaliforniaUSA
Controlled Pollination New Zealand
Monterey pine-외국 성공 예 bull In New Zealand and Australia tree improvement in radiata
pine began in the 1950s with the planting of the first seed orchards in 1957 (Shelbourne et al 1986 Wu et al 2007) The early efforts aimed to improve growth rates and tree form and by the 1980s seed orchards were producing most of the seed needed by growers
bull The South African radiata pine tree-breeding programme started in 1961
bull In Chile tree-breeding began in the late 1970s and also focused on growth rates and tree form There is a
bull universityndashindustry radiata pine breeding cooperative in Chile
bull A breeding programme was launched in Galicia Spain in 1992
724
1단계
bull 1925~1945 총 376종 도입(30개국) 388곳 적응성 검정
rArr 선발수종 리기다 아까시나무 일본잎갈나무 오리나무 자작나무 등
bull 지역적응성 검정림 및 성적 한국전쟁(1950~1953) 중 대부분 소실
2단계
bull 1958~1995 415종 도입 (38개국)
bull 양묘단계 부적응 300수종 향토수종 대비 생장 저조 92수종
rArr 선발수종 백합나무 루브라참나무 세로티나벚나무 등
우리나라 도입육종
2 도입육종
824
수종 재적생장 보급년도 우수 종자산지
조림면적 (ha)
이태리포플러 (I-214 I476) 미루나무(10년생) 대비 25배 우수 1961 Italia 739599
벨지움 포플러 (V-211) 일반 포플러 대비 12배 우수 1973 Belgium 20800
스트로브잣나무 잣나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 951
테다소나무 리기다소나무(10년생) 대비 34배 우수 1971 TX NY MS MR SC 11257
버지니아소나무 리기다소나무(17년생) 대비 14배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 574
루부라참나무 상수리나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 Pennsylvania -
백합나무 낙엽송 대비(30년생) 20배 우수 2004 East US 21285
좀잎산오리 오리나무 대비(10년생) 30배 우수 1971 Japan 11839
선발 주요 외국 유망 수종 생장 특성 및 현황(국립산림과학원)
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
bull 1 자연분포의 범위 - 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무 시베리아가문비나무 자생지 분포 좁지만 도입하여 성공한 수종 엘리오타이소나무 미송 구주적송 분포지 넓지만 도입 성공 2 자생지에서의 경제적 중요성 라디아타소나무 일본잎갈나무는 자생지에서는 활용 적지만 다른 나라에서는 대면적으로 조림 발삼전나무 레지노사소나무 자생지에서 분포구역이 넓어 중요 경제수종이지만 외국에서는 성공 못함 3 위도 중요하지 않음 프랑스 파리는 북위 49도에 위치하고 있어 미국 북부 New Foundland나 파리의 겨울은 버지니아 Norfork(북위 37도)와 비슷하다 그런데 버지니아산 수종은 파리에서 자랄 수 있어도 파리산 수종은 New Foundland 에서 자랄 수 없다
귀화식물(naturalized plants)
bull 족제비싸리 Amorpha fruticosa L(북미) bull 털족제비싸리 Amorpha canescens Nutt(북
미) bull 아까시나무 Robinia pseudoacacia (북미) bull 꽃아까시나무 Robinia hispida L(북미) bull 가죽나무 Ailanthus altissima
(Mill)Swingle(중국) bull 참죽나무 Cedrela sinensis Juss (중국) bull 서양산딸기 Rubus fruticosus L (유럽)
Monterey pine Pinus radiata
Monterey pine plantation Australia
CaliforniaUSA
Controlled Pollination New Zealand
Monterey pine-외국 성공 예 bull In New Zealand and Australia tree improvement in radiata
pine began in the 1950s with the planting of the first seed orchards in 1957 (Shelbourne et al 1986 Wu et al 2007) The early efforts aimed to improve growth rates and tree form and by the 1980s seed orchards were producing most of the seed needed by growers
bull The South African radiata pine tree-breeding programme started in 1961
bull In Chile tree-breeding began in the late 1970s and also focused on growth rates and tree form There is a
bull universityndashindustry radiata pine breeding cooperative in Chile
bull A breeding programme was launched in Galicia Spain in 1992
724
1단계
bull 1925~1945 총 376종 도입(30개국) 388곳 적응성 검정
rArr 선발수종 리기다 아까시나무 일본잎갈나무 오리나무 자작나무 등
bull 지역적응성 검정림 및 성적 한국전쟁(1950~1953) 중 대부분 소실
2단계
bull 1958~1995 415종 도입 (38개국)
bull 양묘단계 부적응 300수종 향토수종 대비 생장 저조 92수종
rArr 선발수종 백합나무 루브라참나무 세로티나벚나무 등
우리나라 도입육종
2 도입육종
824
수종 재적생장 보급년도 우수 종자산지
조림면적 (ha)
이태리포플러 (I-214 I476) 미루나무(10년생) 대비 25배 우수 1961 Italia 739599
벨지움 포플러 (V-211) 일반 포플러 대비 12배 우수 1973 Belgium 20800
스트로브잣나무 잣나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 951
테다소나무 리기다소나무(10년생) 대비 34배 우수 1971 TX NY MS MR SC 11257
버지니아소나무 리기다소나무(17년생) 대비 14배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 574
루부라참나무 상수리나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 Pennsylvania -
백합나무 낙엽송 대비(30년생) 20배 우수 2004 East US 21285
좀잎산오리 오리나무 대비(10년생) 30배 우수 1971 Japan 11839
선발 주요 외국 유망 수종 생장 특성 및 현황(국립산림과학원)
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
귀화식물(naturalized plants)
bull 족제비싸리 Amorpha fruticosa L(북미) bull 털족제비싸리 Amorpha canescens Nutt(북
미) bull 아까시나무 Robinia pseudoacacia (북미) bull 꽃아까시나무 Robinia hispida L(북미) bull 가죽나무 Ailanthus altissima
(Mill)Swingle(중국) bull 참죽나무 Cedrela sinensis Juss (중국) bull 서양산딸기 Rubus fruticosus L (유럽)
Monterey pine Pinus radiata
Monterey pine plantation Australia
CaliforniaUSA
Controlled Pollination New Zealand
Monterey pine-외국 성공 예 bull In New Zealand and Australia tree improvement in radiata
pine began in the 1950s with the planting of the first seed orchards in 1957 (Shelbourne et al 1986 Wu et al 2007) The early efforts aimed to improve growth rates and tree form and by the 1980s seed orchards were producing most of the seed needed by growers
bull The South African radiata pine tree-breeding programme started in 1961
bull In Chile tree-breeding began in the late 1970s and also focused on growth rates and tree form There is a
bull universityndashindustry radiata pine breeding cooperative in Chile
bull A breeding programme was launched in Galicia Spain in 1992
724
1단계
bull 1925~1945 총 376종 도입(30개국) 388곳 적응성 검정
rArr 선발수종 리기다 아까시나무 일본잎갈나무 오리나무 자작나무 등
bull 지역적응성 검정림 및 성적 한국전쟁(1950~1953) 중 대부분 소실
2단계
bull 1958~1995 415종 도입 (38개국)
bull 양묘단계 부적응 300수종 향토수종 대비 생장 저조 92수종
rArr 선발수종 백합나무 루브라참나무 세로티나벚나무 등
우리나라 도입육종
2 도입육종
824
수종 재적생장 보급년도 우수 종자산지
조림면적 (ha)
이태리포플러 (I-214 I476) 미루나무(10년생) 대비 25배 우수 1961 Italia 739599
벨지움 포플러 (V-211) 일반 포플러 대비 12배 우수 1973 Belgium 20800
스트로브잣나무 잣나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 951
테다소나무 리기다소나무(10년생) 대비 34배 우수 1971 TX NY MS MR SC 11257
버지니아소나무 리기다소나무(17년생) 대비 14배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 574
루부라참나무 상수리나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 Pennsylvania -
백합나무 낙엽송 대비(30년생) 20배 우수 2004 East US 21285
좀잎산오리 오리나무 대비(10년생) 30배 우수 1971 Japan 11839
선발 주요 외국 유망 수종 생장 특성 및 현황(국립산림과학원)
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Monterey pine Pinus radiata
Monterey pine plantation Australia
CaliforniaUSA
Controlled Pollination New Zealand
Monterey pine-외국 성공 예 bull In New Zealand and Australia tree improvement in radiata
pine began in the 1950s with the planting of the first seed orchards in 1957 (Shelbourne et al 1986 Wu et al 2007) The early efforts aimed to improve growth rates and tree form and by the 1980s seed orchards were producing most of the seed needed by growers
bull The South African radiata pine tree-breeding programme started in 1961
bull In Chile tree-breeding began in the late 1970s and also focused on growth rates and tree form There is a
bull universityndashindustry radiata pine breeding cooperative in Chile
bull A breeding programme was launched in Galicia Spain in 1992
724
1단계
bull 1925~1945 총 376종 도입(30개국) 388곳 적응성 검정
rArr 선발수종 리기다 아까시나무 일본잎갈나무 오리나무 자작나무 등
bull 지역적응성 검정림 및 성적 한국전쟁(1950~1953) 중 대부분 소실
2단계
bull 1958~1995 415종 도입 (38개국)
bull 양묘단계 부적응 300수종 향토수종 대비 생장 저조 92수종
rArr 선발수종 백합나무 루브라참나무 세로티나벚나무 등
우리나라 도입육종
2 도입육종
824
수종 재적생장 보급년도 우수 종자산지
조림면적 (ha)
이태리포플러 (I-214 I476) 미루나무(10년생) 대비 25배 우수 1961 Italia 739599
벨지움 포플러 (V-211) 일반 포플러 대비 12배 우수 1973 Belgium 20800
스트로브잣나무 잣나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 951
테다소나무 리기다소나무(10년생) 대비 34배 우수 1971 TX NY MS MR SC 11257
버지니아소나무 리기다소나무(17년생) 대비 14배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 574
루부라참나무 상수리나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 Pennsylvania -
백합나무 낙엽송 대비(30년생) 20배 우수 2004 East US 21285
좀잎산오리 오리나무 대비(10년생) 30배 우수 1971 Japan 11839
선발 주요 외국 유망 수종 생장 특성 및 현황(국립산림과학원)
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Monterey pine-외국 성공 예 bull In New Zealand and Australia tree improvement in radiata
pine began in the 1950s with the planting of the first seed orchards in 1957 (Shelbourne et al 1986 Wu et al 2007) The early efforts aimed to improve growth rates and tree form and by the 1980s seed orchards were producing most of the seed needed by growers
bull The South African radiata pine tree-breeding programme started in 1961
bull In Chile tree-breeding began in the late 1970s and also focused on growth rates and tree form There is a
bull universityndashindustry radiata pine breeding cooperative in Chile
bull A breeding programme was launched in Galicia Spain in 1992
724
1단계
bull 1925~1945 총 376종 도입(30개국) 388곳 적응성 검정
rArr 선발수종 리기다 아까시나무 일본잎갈나무 오리나무 자작나무 등
bull 지역적응성 검정림 및 성적 한국전쟁(1950~1953) 중 대부분 소실
2단계
bull 1958~1995 415종 도입 (38개국)
bull 양묘단계 부적응 300수종 향토수종 대비 생장 저조 92수종
rArr 선발수종 백합나무 루브라참나무 세로티나벚나무 등
우리나라 도입육종
2 도입육종
824
수종 재적생장 보급년도 우수 종자산지
조림면적 (ha)
이태리포플러 (I-214 I476) 미루나무(10년생) 대비 25배 우수 1961 Italia 739599
벨지움 포플러 (V-211) 일반 포플러 대비 12배 우수 1973 Belgium 20800
스트로브잣나무 잣나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 951
테다소나무 리기다소나무(10년생) 대비 34배 우수 1971 TX NY MS MR SC 11257
버지니아소나무 리기다소나무(17년생) 대비 14배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 574
루부라참나무 상수리나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 Pennsylvania -
백합나무 낙엽송 대비(30년생) 20배 우수 2004 East US 21285
좀잎산오리 오리나무 대비(10년생) 30배 우수 1971 Japan 11839
선발 주요 외국 유망 수종 생장 특성 및 현황(국립산림과학원)
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
724
1단계
bull 1925~1945 총 376종 도입(30개국) 388곳 적응성 검정
rArr 선발수종 리기다 아까시나무 일본잎갈나무 오리나무 자작나무 등
bull 지역적응성 검정림 및 성적 한국전쟁(1950~1953) 중 대부분 소실
2단계
bull 1958~1995 415종 도입 (38개국)
bull 양묘단계 부적응 300수종 향토수종 대비 생장 저조 92수종
rArr 선발수종 백합나무 루브라참나무 세로티나벚나무 등
우리나라 도입육종
2 도입육종
824
수종 재적생장 보급년도 우수 종자산지
조림면적 (ha)
이태리포플러 (I-214 I476) 미루나무(10년생) 대비 25배 우수 1961 Italia 739599
벨지움 포플러 (V-211) 일반 포플러 대비 12배 우수 1973 Belgium 20800
스트로브잣나무 잣나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 951
테다소나무 리기다소나무(10년생) 대비 34배 우수 1971 TX NY MS MR SC 11257
버지니아소나무 리기다소나무(17년생) 대비 14배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 574
루부라참나무 상수리나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 Pennsylvania -
백합나무 낙엽송 대비(30년생) 20배 우수 2004 East US 21285
좀잎산오리 오리나무 대비(10년생) 30배 우수 1971 Japan 11839
선발 주요 외국 유망 수종 생장 특성 및 현황(국립산림과학원)
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
824
수종 재적생장 보급년도 우수 종자산지
조림면적 (ha)
이태리포플러 (I-214 I476) 미루나무(10년생) 대비 25배 우수 1961 Italia 739599
벨지움 포플러 (V-211) 일반 포플러 대비 12배 우수 1973 Belgium 20800
스트로브잣나무 잣나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 951
테다소나무 리기다소나무(10년생) 대비 34배 우수 1971 TX NY MS MR SC 11257
버지니아소나무 리기다소나무(17년생) 대비 14배 우수 1985 NY (USA) 574
루부라참나무 상수리나무(10년생) 대비 27배 우수 1985 Pennsylvania -
백합나무 낙엽송 대비(30년생) 20배 우수 2004 East US 21285
좀잎산오리 오리나무 대비(10년생) 30배 우수 1971 Japan 11839
선발 주요 외국 유망 수종 생장 특성 및 현황(국립산림과학원)
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
bull 적응성 검정 I-214 및 I-476 선발 (1961)
bull 농가소득원으로 대량 식재 (1970년대) - 당시 대학 등록금 충당 (신문기사)
bull 1995년까지 약 740천ha의 면적에 조림
이태리포플러 (Populus euramericana)
이태리 도입 1955~1960
미루나무 대비 재적 생장 25배
13년생 (경기 양평) bull 새만금 등 목재에너지림 조성용 묘목 부족
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
이태리포플러 ndash 가장 큰나무 수고 30m 흉고직경 74cm 재적 43m3 (2007 중부산림청)
충북대학교 -잘려진 나무 수 간 전경 ndash 산 아래 개울가에 있다
수관 일부 가지는 잘려 나감
간 판
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
환경정화(Phytoremediation)
- 토양의 유독물질 및 중금속 흡수
- 농업 폐수의 잔류 농약 및 비료 성분 흡수
- 쓰레기장 침출수 처리 및 경관 조성
최근 포플러 수종의 이용
500ppm Pb(NO3)2
Con ABC
형질전환 연구의 모델 수종
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
17 40
목재에너지림(SRC) 및 수변림 등 조성
포플러 단벌기맹아림(새만금) 기계를 이용한 바이오매스 수확(스웨덴)
SRC Short Rotation Coppice ndash 바이오에너지 공급 탄소흡수원 확보 등
Italy
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
824
백합나무 (Liriodendron tulipifera )
도입 미국 동부 지역 (1960년대 말)
적응성 검정 생장 우수 (321m3ha)
강풍 및 눈이 많이 내리는 지역에서는 저조
충북 완주 조림지
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Liriodendron tulipifera
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Cultivars-백합나무 bull Ardis - shorter with smaller
leaves than wild form Leaves shallow-lobed with waist near top
bull Arnold - narrow columnar crown may flower at early age
bull Aureomarginatum - variegated form with pale-edged leaves sold as Flashlight or Majestic Beauty
bull Fastigatum - similar form to Arnold
bull Florida Strain - blunt-lobed leaves fast grower flowers at early age
bull Integrifolium - leaves without lower lobes
bull JFS-Oz - somewhat compact oval form with straight leader leaves dark and glossy sold as Emerald City
bull Leucanthum - flowers white or nearly white
bull Little Volunteer - almost as diminutive as Ardis Leaves more deeply lobed than Ardis with waist in middle
bull Mediopictum - variegated form with yellow spot near center of leaf
bull Roothaan - blunt-lobed leaves
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
교잡육종 재료수종
bull 현사시의 모수 은백양 bull 리기테다소나무 양친수 ndash리기다소나무
테다소나무 bull 양황철나무의 모수 양버들 bull 수원포플러의 화분수 양버들
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
bull 일본잎갈나무
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입된 수종 bull 화백 bull 싸이프레스나무 bull 독일가문비나무 bull 콘돌타소나무 bull 대왕송 bull 구주소나무 bull 스트로브잣나무 bull 테다소나무 bull 버지니아소나무 bull 미송 bull 자이언트세쿼이어 bull 레드우드 bull 메타세쿼이아 bull 낙우송 bull 삼나무 bull 편백
bull 좀잎산오리나무 bull 펜듈라자작나무 bull 병솔꽃나무 bull 유칼리나무 bull 백합나무 bull 올리브나무 bull 이태리포플러 bull 세로티나벚나무 bull 팔루스트리스참나무 bull 루브라참나무 bull 미국느릅니무
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Picea abies
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
호도나무
bull Arizona walnut bull Little walnut bull California walnut bull Black walnut bull Hinds walnut bull Juglans nigra
bull Lake bull Mckinster
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
Turkish Corylus colurna
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Cultivars-개암나무 bull The many cultivars of the hazel include
Barcelona Butler Casina Clark Cosford Daviana Delle Langhe England Ennis Fillbert Halls Giant Jemtegaard Kent Cob Lewis Tokolyi Tonda Gentile Tonda di Giffoni Tonda Romana Wanliss Pride and Willamette[7] Some of these are grown for specific qualities of the nut these qualities include large nut size and early- and late-fruiting cultivars whereas others are grown as pollinators The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts[7] Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert[8] One cultivar grown in Washington state the DuChilly has an elongated appearance a thinner and less bitter skin and a distinctly sweeter flavor than other varieties[9][10]
bull The top producer of hazelnuts by a large margin is Turkey specifically Giresun Province and Ordu Turkish hazelnut production of 625000 tonnes accounts for approximately 75 of worldwide production[1] Nutella consumes 25 of global supply[
bull Turkish hazelnuts are not to be confused with the wild hazelnut of Turkey Corylus colurna
bull common hazel (Corylus avellana)
bull Corylus americanamdashAmerican hazel eastern North America
bull Corylus avellanamdashCommon hazel Europe and western Asia
bull Corylus heterophyllamdashAsian hazel Asia bull Corylus yunnanensismdashYunnan hazel
central and southern China
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
밤나무
bull European species sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) (also called Spanish chestnut in the US) is the only European species of chestnut though was successfully introduced to the Himalayas and other temperate parts of Asia Unrelated but externally similar species of horse chestnut are abundant around Europe
bull Asiatic species Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese chestnut) Castanea davidii (China) Castanea henryi (Chinese chinkapin also called Henrys chestnut ndash China) and Castanea seguinii (also called Seguins chestnut ndash China)
bull American species These include Castanea dentata (American chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea pumila (American- or Allegheny chinkapin also known as dwarf chestnut ndash Eastern states) Castanea alnifolia (Southern states) Castanea ashei (Southern states) Castanea floridana (Southern states) and Castanea paupispina (Southern states)
Roasted chestnuts in Melbourne Australia
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입 육종 시험 단계
bull 1단계 표본수로서의 시험수본을 수목원에 시식지에 표본수로 식재하여 관찰
bull 2단계(소규모산지시험)
bull 3단계(대규모산지시험)벌기령까지 계속관찰
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입수종의 조기검정(1)
1 효소분석법종자나 유묘의 효소를 분석함으로써 그 생장의 가능성을 측정
2 탄소동화작용 측정법 어린 묘목일 때 탄소동화작용율을 측정하여 차후 생장의 속도를 예측
3 생장분석법 나무의 건중량과 엽면적을 측정하여 상대생장율 순동화율 엽면적지수등을 계산하고 이를 기초로 생장율을 추정
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입수종의 조기검정(2) bull 4 유묘-성목상관 bull 수간생장은 5-10년 사이의 생장결과를 가지
고 성목의 생장을 검정 가능 bull 5 생육기간 측정법 생육기간이 긴 개체나 품
종을 선발하여 조기검정이 가능 bull 6 속성육묘법 일장 연장으로 온도를 높여 세
대 촉진이 가능 조기검정 가능 bull 7 조직배양법 조직배양을 통하여 내병성 내
염성 중금속에 대한 내성 등을 조기검정 bull 8 균근의 형성 검정
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
유망 수종
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
1속 1종으로 유망한 수종 구분 수종 특성
아시아수종
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(계수나무)-Eucommia ulmoides(두충나무) Metasequoia glytostroboides(메타) Platycarya strobilacea(굴피나무) Scidopitys verticillata(금송) -기도입 Pseudolarix amabilis(금전송속) Pteroceltis tatarinowii(청단)
교목 가구재 교목 약용 적응력이 큰 속성수 속성 중교목 생장이 느림 생장도 중 수형과 단풍이 미려 속성 소관목
미국수종
Maclura pomifera Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Umbellaria californica
적응력 크고 만곡재는 내구성 분포로는 무상지역에 한정 생장신속 내구성있는 경제수종 내동성이 강하고 미국 서북부 유럽에서 생장은 신속하지만 재질은 유약함 분포는 무상지역에 한정되지만 목리가 미려한 견고제임
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
bull Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a tree indigenous to China growing to 20 meters in height It is used for fine timber its bark fiber is used to make Xuan paper and oil is extracted from its seeds
bull 廣泛分布於19個省區
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Maclura pomifera
Osage orange hedge apple[3] horse apple monkey ball[4] bois darc bodark or bodock a small deciduous tree or large shrub typically growing to 8ndash15 metres It is dioecious with male and female flowers on different plants
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
bull 과 명 측백나무과
bull 학 명 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
bull 중국원산(스촨성 허베이성)
bull 낙엽침엽교목
bull 속성수 수간 통직 습지에 강함
bull 조경수 가로수로 식재
bull 바이오순환림으로 유망시됨
메타세쿼이아
전남담양
춘천 남이섬 숲길
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Cladrastis platycarpa(MAXIM) MAKINO Japanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
충북대 수목원 거목
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
너무 커서 잘려진 양버즘
매우 큰 양버즘- 얼마 뒤 잘려짐
양버즘의 왕성한 생장 ndash 감당 안됨
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
The tree is over 113 high with a girth of 247 and a spread of 140lsquo
Sunderland MassachusettsUSA
자료출처 httpenwikipediaorgwikiPlatanus_occidentalis
Buttonball tree
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Sequoiadendron giganteum
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years
old
Cultivation
United States and Canada
England
New Zealand
Austrailia
General Sherman largest known living single stem tree in the world
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Largest by trunk volume R Tree Name Grove Height Girth at ground Volume
(ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ftsup3) (msup3)
1 General Sherman
Giant Forest 2749 838 1026 313 52508 14869
2[not
e 2] General Grant
General Grant Grove
2681 817 1075 328 46608 13198[note
2]
3[not
e 2] President Giant Forest 2409 734 930 283 45148
12784[note
2]
4 Lincoln Giant Forest 2558 780 983 300 44471 12593
5 Stagg Alder Creek Grove
2430 741 1090 332 42557 12051
6 Boole Converse Basin
2688 819 1130 344 42472 12027
7 Genesis Mountain Home Grove
2530 771 853 260 41897 11864
8 Franklin Giant Forest 2238 682 948 289 41280 11689
9 King Arthur Garfield Grove
2703 824 1042 318 40656 11512
10 Monroe Giant Forest 2478 755 913 278 40104 11356
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Berry(漿果 장과) bull The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a
single ovary Grapes are an example The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the ovary A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous Many species of plants produce fruit that are similar to berries but not actually berries and these are said to be baccate
bull In everyday English berry is a term for any small edible fruit These berries are usually juicy round or semi-oblong brightly coloured sweet or sour and do not have a stone or pit although many seeds may be present
bull Many berries such as the tomato are edible but others in the same family such as the fruits of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and the fruits of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) are poisonous to humans Some berries such as Capsicum have space rather than pulp around their seeds
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from right Concord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Example of color contrast in these
(mostly inedible) wild berries
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Botanical berries bull Several types of common berries are shown
only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
bull In botanical language a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and pulp produced from a single ovary the ovary can be inferior or superior
bull Examples of botanical berries include bull Avocado (Persea americana) a one-seeded
berry bull Banana bull Barberry (Berberis Berberidaceae) bull Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp) bull Blueberry① 블루베리 ② 그 관목 ③ 월귤나무 bull Coffee berries bull Cranberry넌출월귤(진달랫과) 그 열매(젤리middot파
이middot소스 등의 원료) bull Crowberry (Empetrum spp) bull Currant (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) red
black and white types bull Elderberry (Sambucus niger Caprifoliaceae)
bull Gooseberry (Ribes spp Grossulariaceae) bull Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) bull Grape Vitis vinifera bull Honeysuckle the berries of some species are
edible and are called honeyberries but others are poisonous (Lonicera spp Caprifoliaceae)
bull CowberryLingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea bull Persimmon bull Mayapple (Podophyllum spp Berberidaceae) bull Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp
Caprifoliaceae) bull Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium
Berberidaceae) bull Pumpkin bull Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) not to be
confused with the actual strawberry (Fragaria) bull Tomato and other species of the family
Solanaceae bull Watermelon bull Wolfberry (북미 서부산의) 인동과의 관목
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Modified berries bull The fruit of citrus such as the orange kumquat ① 금귤 ② 금귤의 열
매 ③ 금귤나무 and lemon is a berry with a thick rind and a very juicy interior that is given the special name hesperidium 감과 귤꼴열매
bull Berries which develop from an inferior ovary are sometimes termed epigynous berries or false berries as opposed to true berries which develop from a superior ovary In epigynous berries the berry includes tissue derived from parts of the flower besides the ovary The floral tube formed from the basal part of the sepals petals and stamens can become fleshy at maturity and is united with the ovary to form the fruit Common fruits that are sometimes classified as epigynous berries include bananas coffee members of the genus Vaccinium (eg cranberries and blueberries) and members of the family Cucurbitaceae (eg cucumbers melons and squash)[1]
bull Another specialized term is also used for Cucurbitaceae fruits which are modified to have a hard outer rind and are given the special name pepo① 참외 ② 페포 While pepos are most common in the Cucurbitaceae the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also considered pepos[2]
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Not a botanical berry bull Many fruits commonly referred to as berries
are not actual berries by the scientific definition but fall into one of these categories
bull [edit] Drupes bull Drupes are fleshy fruits produced from a
(usually) single-seeded ovary with a hard stony layer (called the endocarp) surrounding the seed
bull Olive bull Plum bull Peach bull Cherry bull Hackberry (Celtis spp Cannabaceae) bull Bayberry bull Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that
lack the stony endocarp include bull Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides
Elaeagnaceae) An achene surrounded by the hypanthium which provides the fleshy layer
bull ]
bull [edit] Pomes bull The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe
Pyrinae of family Rosaceae such as apples and pears have a structure (the core) that clearly separates the seeds from the ovary tissue However some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries Bright red haws from Crataegus are sometimes called hawberries Amelanchier pomes become so soft at maturity that they resemble a blueberry and are known as Juneberries or Saskatoon berries
bull [edit] Aggregate fruits bull Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National
Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
bull Aggregate fruits contain seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Examples include blackberry and raspberry
bull [edit] Multiple fruits bull Multiple fruits include the fruits of multiple flowers
that are merged or packed closely together The mulberry is a berry-like example of a multiple fruit it develops from a cluster of tiny separate flowers that become compressed as they develop into fruit[3]
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Accessory fruits ①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
bull In accessory fruits the edible part is not generated by the ovary
bull Berry-like examples include bull Strawberry - the aggregate of seed-like achenes is actually
the fruit derived from an aggregate of ovaries and the fleshy part develops from the receptacle
bull Gurbir Duchesnea indica - structured just like a strawberry bull Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae) - the fruit is a
dry capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx bull Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) - the fruit is a dry
capsule surrounded by fleshy calyx
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Color and potential health benefits
bull Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries bull By contrasting in color with their background berries are more
attractive to animals that eat them and they therefore aid in the dispersal of the plants seeds
bull Berry colors are due to natural plant pigments many of which are polyphenols such as the flavonoids anthocyanins and tannins localized mainly in berry skins and seeds Berry pigments are usually antioxidants in vitro and thus have oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) that is high among plant foods[4] Together with good nutrient content ORAC derived in the laboratory distinguishes several berries within a new category of functional foods called superfruits However there is no physiological evidence established to date that berry polyphenols have actual antioxidant value within the human body and it remains invalid to claim polyphenols have antioxidant health value on product labels in the United States and Europe[5][6]
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
아로니아
bull Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs the chokeberries in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps
레드초크베리
Aronia arbutifolia
The fruit is red 4ndash
10 mm wide persisting into winter
블랙초크베리
Aronia melanocarpa
The fruit is black 6ndash9 mm wide not
persisting into winter
퍼플초크베리
Aronia prunifolia
The fruit is dark purple to black 7ndash10 mm in width
not persisting into winter
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
산자나무(sea buckthorn) bull 학명Hippophae
rhamnoides bull 분포아시아 유럽 bull 서식해안가 또는 산악지대 bull 크기약 25m bull 비타민나무
can grow 2ndash4 m (7ndash13 ft) high
It is dioecious which means that the male and female flowers grow on different shrubs
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
열대림 임목개량
bull 시행기관 한국 국립산림과학원 bull 국가명 인도네시아 bull 지역 4개지역(RumpinjasingaCirangsad
Sotek) bull 기간 2006년- bull 사업내용 양묘 조직재양실험 산지시험
차대검정 유전력 분석 지역적응성 검정
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
열대수종별 수형목현황 No Species Plus tree
1 Peronema canacens 150
2 Alstonia spectabilis 150
3 Intsia Bijuga 150
4 Agathis lorantifolia 100
5 Maesopsis eminii 100
6 Altingiaexcelsa 100
7 Swietinia macrophylla 100
8 Shorea leprosula 40
9 Acacia mangium 40
10 Eucalyptus pellita 40
11 Tectonia grandis 40
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Alstonia spectabilis
Alstonia bull Alstonia is a widespread
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs of the dogbane plant family Apocynaceae It was named by Robert Brown in 1811 after Charles Alston (1685ndash1760) Professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716-1760
Alstonia spectabilis Alstonia consists of about 40-60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa Central America southeast Asia Polynesia and Australia with most species in the Malesian region
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Intsia Bijuga
bull Intsia bijuga is a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae native to the Indo-Pacific It ranges from Tanzania and Madagascar east through India and Queensland Australia to the Pacific island of Samoa[1] It grows to around 50 metres (160 feet) tall with a highly buttressed trunk It inhabits mangrove forests
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Maesopsis eminii
bull Maesopsis eminii is a tree species (plant family Rhamnaceae) found in India and Africa and also known as the Umbrella tree Its leaves are used as fodder Usually grown as shade trees in Coffee plantations[1][2] Birds and monkeys disperse the seeds[3] Since this tree grows fast it is used for regeneration of destroyed forest lands[
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Acacia mangium bull Flowering tree in the pea family Its uses
include environmental management and wood
bull Grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) often with a straight trunk
bull Produce sapwood and heartwood The heartwoodrsquos colour is brownish yellow shimmery and medium textured Because the timber is extremely heavy hard very strong tough and liable to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture doors and window frames The glossy and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a potential for making export orientated parquet flooring tiles and artifacts
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Tectonia grandis bull Teak (tik) is a tropical
hardwood tree of species Tectona grandis
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world[edit]
bull The oldest and biggest teak in the world is in Uttaradit Province Thailand It is more than 1500 years old The tree is 47 metres tall and the circumference of the trunk is 1023 metres
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
Black raspberry 복분자 (Rubus occidentalis L)
bull native to eastern North America bull 覆盆子 甘益腎精 續嗣鳥鬚 目可明(동
의보감 본초강목) bull 복분자 어원 覆(뒤집힐복) 盆(요강분) 子(아들자)
bull 전북 고창 정읍 및 순창 지역에서 집단적으로 재배
bull 재배면적(2010년 3500ha)
bull 국내종도 선발육종방법으로 개발보급중임 (Rubus coreanus )
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
bull 가로수 bull 공원수 bull 조경수(학교 관공서 회사) bull 정원수(가정) bull 시험림(수원각도 산림환경
연구소(원 bull 식물원 수목원 생태원(온실) bull 실내 정원 bull 재배지 bull 종묘회사 화원(판매장)
국립생태원 에코리움 (충남서천)
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
수목원현황 서울
bull 서울대 관악수목원
경기도 bull경기도립물향기수목원 등 14개
부산 bull동래금강수목원 bull부산대약학대학 부속약초원
강원도 bull강원도립화목원 한계령수목원 한국자생식물원 제이든가든수목원
광주 bull한마음수목원 충청북도 bull미동산수목원
대구 bull대구수목원 충청남도 bull고운식물원그림이 있는 정원안면도수목원 천리포수목원
대전 bull한밭수목원 전라북도
bull대아수목원원광대 자연식물원전주수목원
전라남도 bull완도수목원 보길도수목원
울산 bull울산 테마식물수목원
경상북도 bull가야산 야생화 수목원경상북도수목원 bull기청산식물원
인천 bull인천수목원 경상남도 bull경상남도수목원목도수목원외도식물원
세종특별자치
시
bull금강수목원 bull국립중앙수목원
제주특별자치도
bull한라수목원
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
경기도내 수목원(14개)
bull 경기도립물향기수목원 국립수목원 들꽃수목원 미림수목원 서울대수원수목원 성균관대 부속수목원 신구대학식물원 아침고요수목원 양주자생식물원 에버랜드수목원 우리꽃식물원 장흥자생식물원 평강식물원 한택식물원
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입육종 요 약(1)
bull 많은 수종을 도입하여 시험했으나 다음과 같은 수종만 적응성을 보여 산림청에서 산지조림권장수종으로 지정하고 있고 일부는 민간에서 산림 외에 식재하여 활용하고 있음
bull lt외국의 성공 예gt bull 라디아타소나무(뉴송)북미 캘리포니아산이
뉴질랜드 등에 도입되어 대성공 bull 유칼리 호주산이 남미나 아프리카 남아공에
서 성공 bull 양다래 중국산이 뉴질랜드에서 개량되어 세
계에 판매
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입육종 요약(2)
bull lt국가gt-국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 bull 조림수종- 백합나무 스트로브잣나무 독일가
문비 편백 일본잎갈나무 이태리포플러 낙우송 칠엽수 두충나무 벽오동 버즘나무
bull 유실수(교목)-밤나무 감나무 호도나무 대추나무 lt민간부문gt
bull 유실수(관목)- 복분자딸기(라스베리) 산자(비타민)나무 초크베리 블루베리
bull 조경수- 백목련 자목련 일본목련 메타세쿼이아 가이즈까향나무 철쭉류 남천
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
도입육종 요약(3)
bull lt우리나라 수종 외국gt bull 미스킴 라일락 우리의 털개회나무미국가서 개
량 세계에 판매
bull 현사시(은수원사시) 뉴질랜드에 도입 내병성개체를 선발 후 조직배양 하여 수십만본 을 증식 성공
bull 우리나라 자생 콩 미국으로 가서 많이 개량어 활용되고 있다함
bull 이미 도입된 수종의 활용법 개발도 필요하며 현재도 계속 외국수종이 도입되고 있어 계속적인 연구가 필요하다
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-
참고문헌
bull 임경빈등 1986임목육종학향문사 bull Wikipedia 2014 httpenwikipediaorg bull 박수현외 2012 귀화식물 국립수목원 bull 박치선 김월수 안창영이문호 1992 밤 감
대추 호두 내외출판사 bull FinkeldeyR amp HH Hattemer 2007
Tropical Forest Genetics Springer bull 끝
- 도입에 의한 육종
- 도입육종이란
- 육종이전부터 외국 수종은 도입되었다문익점선생-목화도입
- 지금도 도입은 계속되고 있다
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(1)
- 도입 지역간 수종의 교류관계(2)
- 도입의 성공여부의 요인
- 도입에 영향을 적게 또는 미치지 않는 인자
- 귀화식물(naturalized plants)
- Monterey pinePinus radiata
- Monterey pine-외국 성공 예
- 슬라이드 번호 12
- 슬라이드 번호 13
- 슬라이드 번호 14
- 슬라이드 번호 15
- 슬라이드 번호 16
- 슬라이드 번호 17
- 슬라이드 번호 18
- Liriodendron tulipifera
- Cultivars-백합나무
- 교잡육종 재료수종
- 도입종 중 선발육종 재료수종
- 도입된 수종
- Picea abies
- 호도나무
- 개암나무(Hazelnuts or filberts)
- Cultivars-개암나무
- 밤나무
- 도입 육종 시험 단계
- 도입수종의 조기검정(1)
- 도입수종의 조기검정(2)
- 유망 수종
- 1속 1종으로 유망한 수종
- Pteroceltis tatarinowii(青檀)
- Maclura pomifera
- 슬라이드 번호 36
- Cladrastis platycarpa(Maxim) MakinoJapanese Yellowwood (충북대 수목원에 거목있음)
- 슬라이드 번호 38
- 슬라이드 번호 39
- Sequoiadendron giganteum
- The Muir Snag believed to be over 3500 years old
- Largest by trunk volume
- Berry(漿果 장과)
- Four fruits that are true berries (size not to scale) Clockwise from rightConcord grapes persimmon red gooseberries red currants (top)
- Several types of common berries are shown only one of which (the blueberry) is a berry by botanical definition Blackberries are aggregate fruit composed of many drupelets and strawberries are aggregate accessory fruit
- Example of color contrast in these (mostly inedible) wild berries
- Botanical berries
- Alaska wild berries from the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge a mixture of true berries and aggregate fruits
- Modified berries
- Not a botanical berry
- Accessory fruits①부과 ②헛열매 ③가과
- Color and potential health benefits
- 아로니아
- 산자나무(sea buckthorn)
- 열대림 임목개량
- 열대수종별 수형목현황
- Alstonia spectabilis
- Intsia Bijuga
- Maesopsis eminii
- Acacia mangium
- Tectonia grandis
- Black raspberry 복분자(Rubus occidentalis L)
- 도입수종의 관리(볼 수 있는 곳)
- 수목원현황
- 경기도내 수목원(14개)
- 도입육종 요 약(1)
- 도입육종 요약(2)
- 도입육종 요약(3)
- 참고문헌
-