keo report

IA/12-13/D/003/ST

Pre Contract Professional Consultancy Design Services

for AI Rayyan Road & AI Bustan Street South (P007)

AL RAYYAN ROAD

Al Rayyan Road

Junction R6 Road Tunnel

Tunnel Ventilation Control Philosophy

Prepared by:

Doc. No.: EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221 Rev. D02

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221 Page ii

Rev. D02

TUNNEL VENTILATION

CONTROL PHILOSOPHY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Notes Regarding This Document ............................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Related Documents ................................................................................................................................. 1

1.3 Related Drawings .................................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 INCORPORATION INTO THE PMCS ............................................................................................................. 1

2.1 Proposed PMCS Arrangement ................................................................................................................. 4

2.2 Quality of Service and Safety Integrity .................................................................................................... 5

3.0 TUNNEL VENTILATION CONTROL MODES AND REQUESTS ........................................................................ 5

3.1 Overview of the Control Modes .............................................................................................................. 5

4.0 TUNNEL VENTILATION FAN DEMANDS .................................................................................................... 11

4.1 Converting Selected Control Mode Requests into Fans Required ......................................................... 11

5.0 FAN STARTER CONTROL AND MONITORING ........................................................................................... 12

5.1 General .................................................................................................................................................. 12

5.2 Fan matrix ............................................................................................................................................. 12

5.3 Fan Sequencing ..................................................................................................................................... 12

5.4 Fan Availability Checks .......................................................................................................................... 13

5.5 Fans Priority Calculation ...................................................................................................................... 14

5.6 Fan Direction ......................................................................................................................................... 18

5.7 Fan Exercising........................................................................................................................................ 18

5.8 Fan Motor Winding Temperature Monitoring. ..................................................................................... 18

5.9 Fan Bearing Temperature and Vibration Status ................................................................................... 18

6.0 AIR FLOW MONITORING ......................................................................................................................... 19

6.1 Internal Sensors ..................................................................................................................................... 19

7.0 WEATHER STATIONS AND AMBIENT VISIBILITY. ...................................................................................... 19

7.1 Pollution Control Mode Interrupt .......................................................................................................... 19

8.0 LEGISLATION AND STANDARDS ............................................................................................................... 19

8.1 Hierarchy of codes, standards and specifications ................................................................................. 19

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221 Page 1 of 19

Rev. D02

TUNNEL VENTILATION

CONTROL PHILOSOPHY

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Notes Regarding This Document

This document describes the key requirements of the PMCS necessary for it to handle tunnel

ventilation monitoring and control, covering the following areas:

Plant interfaces

Arrangement of software process and data paths between PMCS equipment

1.2 Related Documents

Document Number Title

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00209 Tunnel SCADA PMCS Control Concept

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00210 Tunnel TMC/TSS – SCADA/PMCS Control Interface

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00211 Tunnel PMCS Smoke Control Panel Control Interface

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00212 Tunnel PMCS Plant I/O Control Interface List

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00213 Tunnel CCTV Camera Specification

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00214 Mechanical, Electrical and Systems – General Specifications

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00215 Tunnel Pumped Drainage Installations

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00216 Tunnel Fire Safety Systems Specification

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00217 Tunnel Panels

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00218 Tunnel Cross Passage Doors

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00219 Tunnel Way Finding Signs

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00220 Tunnel Operational Control Concept

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221 Tunnel Ventilation Control Concept (This Document)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00222 Junction R6 Road Tunnel – Detailed Design M&E Systems

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00223 Contract 2 Underpasses – Detailed Design M&E Systems

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00224 Not used

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00225 Underpass Pumped Drainage installations

1.3 Related Drawings

Drawing No. Title

EXW-P007-0201-JF-KEO-DG-00100-001

RAYYAN ROAD KEY PLAN M&E LAYOUT (SHEET 1 OF 1)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00106-001

RAYYAN ROAD FIRE SAFETY TYPICAL PLAN & SECTIONS (SHEET 1 OF 2)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00106-002

RAYYAN ROAD FIRE SAFETY TYPICAL PLAN & SECTIONS (SHEET 2 OF 2)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00107-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL-TU1 FIRE MAIN, HYDRANTS & VALVES LOCATION (SHEET 1 OF 8)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00107-002


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00107-003


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00107-004


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO- RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL-TU1 FIRE MAIN, HYDRANTS & VALVES


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TUNNEL VENTILATION

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Drawing No. Title DG-00107-005 LOCATION (SHEET 5 OF 8)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00107-006


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00107-007

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL-TU1 FIRE MAIN, HYDRANTS & VALVES SECTION (SHEET 7 OF 8)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00107-008

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL-TU1 FIRE MAIN, HYDRANTS & VALVES SECTION (SHEET 8 OF 8)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00201-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION 6 TUNNEL TU1 ILLUMINATED EMERGENCY WAY FINDING SIGN LOCATIONS (SHEET 1 OF 4)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00201-002


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00201-003


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00201-004


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00301-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL-TU1 EDP, EP, CCP & TULDB LOCATIONS (SHEET 1 OF 7)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00301-002


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00301-003


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00301-004


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00301-005


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00301-006

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL- TYPICAL SINGLE EMERGENCY PANEL ARRANGEMENT (WITHOUT HYDRANT) (SHEET 6 OF 7)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00301-007

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL- TYPICAL INDIVIDUAL LIGHTING DISTRIBUTION PANEL (SHEET 7 OF 7)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00302-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL-TU1 EDP, EP &CCP GROUP ARRANGEMENT (SHEET 1 OF 1)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00401-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 PA/VA SYSTEM LOCATIONS (SHEET 1 OF 6)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00401-002


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00401-003


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00401-004

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL PA/VA SYSTEM LOCATIONS (SHEET 4 OF 6)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00401-005

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL PA/VA SYSTEM LOCATIONS (SHEET 5 OF 6)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00401-006

AL RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL PA/VA CONFIGURATION (SHEET 6 OF 6)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00402-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 PA/VA SCHEMATIC SHEET (SHEET 1 OF 1)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00501-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 GENERAL FIRE DETECTION & WARNING (SHEET 1 OF 4)`

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00501-002


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00501-003



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TUNNEL VENTILATION

CONTROL PHILOSOPHY

Drawing No. Title EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00501-004


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00601-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 VENTILATION LAYOUT (SHEET 1 OF 4)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00601-002


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00601-003


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00601-004


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00701-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 LANE CONTROL SIGNS LOCATION LAYOUT (SHEET 1 OF 4)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00701-002


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00701-003


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00701-004


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00702-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL PMCS/SCADA COMMUNICATION NETWORK SHEET 1 OF 1

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00800-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 CCTV CAMERA SCHEMATIC (SHEET 1 OF 1)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00801-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 CCTV CAMERA LAYOUT (SHEET 1 OF 5)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00801-002

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL CCTV CAMERA SCHEMATIC (SHEET 2 OF 5)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00801-003


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00801-004


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00801-005


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00802-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 VAID CAMERA LAYOUT (SHEET 1 OF 5)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00802-002

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL VAID SYSTEM SCHEMATIC (SHEET 2 OF 5)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00802-003

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL VAID CAMERA CONFIGURATION (SHEET 3 OF 5)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00802-004

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 VAID CAMERA LAYOUT (SHEET 4 OF 5)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00802-005

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 VAID CAMERA CONFIGURATION (SHEET 5 OF 5)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00803-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 VAID CAMERA SYSTEM SCHEMATIC (SHEET 1 OF 1)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00901-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL ERT NETWORK (SHEET 1 OF 1)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00902-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL LHD DTS SCHEMATIC (SHEET 1 OF 2)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00902-002

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL LEAKY FEEDER (SHEET 2 OF 2)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO- RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS (SHEET 1 OF 1)


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Drawing No. Title

DG-00903-001

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00904-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL LANE CONTROL SIGN SYSTEM SCHEMATIC (SHEET 1 OF 2)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00904-002

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL DMS/LCS CONFIGURATION (SHEET 2 OF 2)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00905-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL IMPOUNDING SUMP VENTILATION SCHEMATIC (SHEET 1 OF 1)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00906-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL SCP GA PANEL LAYOUT (SHEET 1 OF 3)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00906-002


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00906-003


EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00907-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL – TYPICAL SMOKE CONTROL PANEL LAYOUT (SHEET 1 OF 1)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00908-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL - CROSS PASSAGE DOORS (SHEET 1 OF 3)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00908-002

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL - TYPICAL CROSS CONNECTION DOORS (SHEET 2 OF 3)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00908-003

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL - DETAIL OF FIRE BRIGADE CONNECTORS (SHEET 3 OF 3)

EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-DG-00909-001

RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL - DETAIL OF FIRE BRIGADE CONNECTORS (SHEET 3 OF 3)

EXW-P007-0201-CD-KEO-DG-00212-005

Al RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL ATTENUATION TANK SECTIONAL DETAIL (SHEET 5 OF 6)

EXW-P007-0201-CD-KEO-DG-00212-006

Al RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL ATTENUATION TANK/PLANT ROOM INSTALLATION SCHEMATIC (SHEET 6 OF 6)

EXW-P007-0201-CD-KEO-DG-00208-001

Al RAYYAN ROAD UNDERPASS DRAINAGE CHANNEL DETAILS

2.0 Incorporation into the PMCS

2.1 Proposed PMCS Arrangement

The proposed PMCS arrangement that will be used to support all required monitoring and control

functions is described in document section 2, 3, 4 and 5. The following describes specific requirements

for tunnel ventilation monitoring and control.


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TUNNEL VENTILATION

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Figure 1: Proposed Tunnel Ventilation Monitoring and Control Data Paths

2.2 Quality of Service and Safety Integrity

The PMCS will include functions to guarantee Quality of Service and Safety Integrity, as described in

this document section 5.

3.0 Tunnel Ventilation Control Modes and Requests

3.1 Overview of the Control Modes

The PMCS will support the following prioritised ventilation system control modes independently for

each bore. Any number of these control modes can be set active at any time for a given bore, but it is

the highest active priority mode that is used for the ventilation control of that bore:

NB Fan Starters,

Pollution Sensors

and VAID

TMC Authorized User TOA Authorized user

Manual Overrides and

Status Monitoring

Tunnel Subsystem

(TSS)

Dual PLC

Processors

Control

and Status

Dual

Redundant

I/O Interfaces

Dual PLC

Processors

Dual

Redundant

I/O Interfaces

NB Smoke

Control Panels

Dual

Redundant

I/O Interfaces

Dual

Redundant

I/O Interfaces

SB Smoke

Control Panels

Control and

Status

Smoke Panel

Control Requests

and Plant Status

SB Fan Starters,

Pollution Sensors

and VAID

PMCS

Dual Redundant

SCADA Servers

Procedures


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CONTROL PHILOSOPHY

The following modes are available:

1. Automatic Pollution Control (Lowest Priority - Normal Operating Mode). This is the default

control mode, and is always active.

2. Automatic Fire Shutdown from VAID

3. Manual Operator Override from Operator GUI at the TMC

4. Manual Operator Override from SCADA GUI at the TOA/Maintainers location.

5. Emergency Manual Operator Override from SCADA GUI at the TMC (Incident response plans

and appropriate manual inputs)

6. Emergency Manual Operator Override from Smoke Control Panels (SCP-Highest SCADA Priority

control mode)

7. The highest mode of operation (non-SCADA/PMCS operated) is at the local control panel, the

panel switched to local control.

The SCADA will display and record which control modes are active for each bore. This will give the

operators an idea of how the ventilation control will change when higher priority control modes are de-

activated and lower priority control modes get selected as a result.

In the case of SCP control, there will be four physical control panels situated at the portals. Ventilation

control of a given tunnel bore will therefore be granted to SCPs on a first come-first served basis such

that, for a given bore, if one panel has control of a bore the other three will be locked out for the

duration of the control selection being active. The actual panel that is granted control will be displayed

and recorded by the SCADA when SCP control modes are active.

For each bore, the PMCS will examine the active control modes and select the highest priority mode as

the source for ventilation control. This will be displayed and recorded by the SCADA as the Overall

Ventilation Control Mode.

3.1.1 Overview of the Control Mode Requests

Each active control mode will have an associated control mode request, which will represent the level

of ventilation required by that mode in the range of 0 to 100%.

For each bore, the control mode request setting for the highest active priority control mode will be

selected for ventilation control of that bore.

For each bore, the SCADA will display and record the control mode requests assigned to each active

control mode, as well as the selected Overall Control Mode Request. This will inform the operators of

how the ventilation control will change when higher priority control modes are de-activated and lower

priority control modes get selected as a result:

Control mode Response

Automatic Pollution Control Mode Request: 0-100%

Automatic Fire Shutdown Control Mode Request: 0% (fixed)

Manual Operator Override Request from TSS/TMC: 0-100% in 25% steps

Manual Operator Override Request from SCADA/TOA: 0-100% in 25% steps

Emergency Manual Override Request from TSS/TMC: Incident ventilation response plans and


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TUNNEL VENTILATION

CONTROL PHILOSOPHY

appropriate manual inputs (see below)

Emergency Manual Operator Override Request from SCP: 0, 50% and 100%

3.1.2 Automatic Pollution Control Mode and Requests in Detail

For each bore, the PMCS will continually derive an Automatic Pollution Control Request based upon the

following conditions:

Carbon Monoxide (ppm)

Nitrogen Dioxide (ppm)

Visibility Dimming Co-efficient (m-1)

For each bore, these conditions will be monitored using three sets of CO, NO2 and Vis sensors, giving

nine separate control inputs into the Automatic Pollution Control Request algorithm. The following

level of detail will be displayed and reported at the SCADA for each sensor:

Sensor reading (in ppm for CO and NO2, and m-1 for VIS)

Sensor equipment fault (a failure report from the equipment)

I/O and communications fault (a failure to acquire the above information into the PMCS).

An average CO, NO2 and VIS reading for each bore will be calculated using available readings from the

sensors located throughout the bore. A sensor reading will be deemed available to this control mode as

long as:

The signal is in range

The sensor hardware is not reporting any faults

The PMCS I/O interfaces and communications responsible for transferring this data is fault free.

A password-authorised operator at the SCADA has not manually inhibited the sensor reading

from contributing to the control mode request. Manual sensor inhibits will be displayed and

recorded on the SCADA.

The average readings for each type of sensor (CO, NO2 and VIS) in a particular bore will default to zero

if there are no available associated source sensor readings in the bore. The average readings will be

displayed and recorded by the SCADA for each bore:

Average CO Reading (ppm)

Average CO Reading Not Available

Average NO2 Reading (ppm)

Average NO2 Reading Not Available

Average VIS Dimming Co-Efficient Reading (m-1)

Average VIS Dimming Co-Efficient Reading Not Available

The averaged CO, NO2 and VIS readings from above will be used to derive three related Sensor Control

Requests in the range 0 to 100% for each bore. They will also be displayed and recorded at the SCADA.


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TUNNEL VENTILATION

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Figure 2: Relationship between Average Bore Sensor Readings and Sensor Control Requests

A password-authorized operator will be able to adjust the MIN and MAX settings from the SCADA to

assist the tuning of the system during the commissioning period and to cope with any future changes to

the defined limits set in BD78/99 etc. Such changes will be logged by the SCADA for auditing purposes.

POLUTION TYPE MIN MAX

CO (ppm) 10 50

NO2 (ppm) 0.6 3

VIS (m-1

) 0.003 0.009

Figure 3: Control Limits for the Three Types of Pollution Sensor

Finally, for each bore, the worst case sensor control request will be used as the Automatic Pollution

Control Mode Request. The SCADA will display and record which sensor control request is being used

as the source.

3.1.3 Automatic Fire Shutdown Control Mode and Requests in Detail

For each bore, the PMCS will activate an Automatic Fire Shutdown Control Mode in the event of there

being any active zoned fire alarms in the bore. The associated control mode request will be fixed at 0%,

with the intention of preventing fanning of a potential fire.

The PMCS will receive zoned fire alarms from the VAID. The exact number of zones has yet to be

defined, but in principle, any valid fire alarms in a particular bore will activate this control mode.

Incoming fire alarms will be deemed valid if:

The VAID is not reporting any faults for a given fire monitoring zone.

The PMCS I/O interfaces and communications responsible for transferring this data is fault free

100

Control Request

Output (%) per

sensor type

Pollution Level

Input per sensor

type 0 MIN MAX

0


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TUNNEL VENTILATION

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The SCADA will display and record the status of all fire zones including the above mentioned equipment

and communication faults, as well as the combined alarm for each bore.

There is a requirement for detection from dual cameras (double knock) fire detection before an alarm

is raised and this control mode made active. This can either be carried out at the VAID or at the PMCS.

This will be resolved by conference between the PMCS and VAID suppliers.

Fire alarm resets will be a manual operator function carried out at the SCADA, VAID or a combination of

the two. This will be resolved by consultation between the PMCS and VAID suppliers.

The Automatic Fire Shutdown Control Mode will be de-activated when all related zoned fire alarms are

successfully reset.

3.1.4 Manual Operator Override from TSS/TMC in Detail

For each bore, the PMCS will accept manual operator override requests from the TMC. These requests

will be in steps of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%.

The control mode will remain active until the PMCS receives a mode reset command from the TMC.

It is assumed that the TMC will provide password protection against unauthorised usage.

The SCADA will also provide a password protected mode reset function in case it is not possible for the

TMC operator to issue a reset command, because of TMC communications link failures for instance.

This action will be recorded by the SCADA for auditing purposes.

3.1.5 Manual Operator Override from TOA/SCADA in Detail

For each bore, the PMCS will accept manual operator override requests from the SCADA. These

requests will be in steps of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%.

The control mode will remain active until the PMCS receives a mode reset command from the SCADA.

The above actions will require password authorisation.

3.1.6 Emergency Manual Operator Override from TSS/TMC in Detail

This mode allows TMC tunnel operators to select the most suitable tunnel ventilation setting for both

bores in the event of an incident.

The PMCS will be configured with a fixed table of scenarios vs. emergency manual SCADA ventilation

control mode requests for each bore. This scenario list and associated control mode requests has yet to

be determined.


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3.1.7 Ventilation Incident response plans:

Incident detected in one bore, possible incident ventilation response plans:

No. Direction Traffic scenario

Incident Bore Non-incident bore

1. N/B Normal Implement 100% capacity in the direction of traffic

Implement pressurization of the bore with a flow matching the direction of the incident bore, i.e. two and four fans at the outermost fan banks opposing each other.

2. S/B Normal Implement 100% capacity in the direction of traffic

Implement pressurization of the bore with a flow matching the direction of the incident bore, i.e. two and four fans at the outermost fan banks running against each other.

Incident detected in both bores, possible incident ventilation response plans:

No. Direction Traffic Scenario

Incident Bore Incident Bore

3. N/B & S/B Normal Implement 100% capacity in the direction of traffic

Implement 100% capacity in the direction of traffic

Contraflow implemented and incident detected in the contraflow bore.

No. Bore Traffic Scenario

Incident Bore

Non-incident bore

4. N/B Contraflow Manual

intervention

required.

Not used for traffic, however implement pressurization of

the bore i.e. two fans at each the outermost fan banks

opposing each other.

5. S/B Contraflow Manual intervention required.

Not used for traffic, however implement pressurization of the bore i.e. two fans at each the outermost fan banks opposing each other.

The control mode will remain active until the PMCS receives a mode reset command from the SCADA.

The above actions will require password authorisation.

3.1.8 Emergency Manual Operator Override from SCP in Detail

For each bore, the PMCS will accept manual operator override requests from the four portal smoke

control panels. These requests will be 0%, 50% and 100%.

Before any ventilation control selections can be made, it is necessary for one of the four smoke control

panels to be granted control of the tunnel.

Specific details regarding the smoke control panels are given in a separate document item 6 since it is

an item that is common several other plant areas as well as tunnel ventilation.

The SCADA will provide password-authorised operators with an SCP control mode reset function in case

it is not possible for SCP operators to release control. This action will be recorded by the SCADA for

auditing purposes.


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4.0 Tunnel Ventilation Fan Demands

4.1 Converting Selected Control Mode Requests into Fans Required

For each bore, the tunnel ventilation fan demands will be derived from the associated Overall Control

Mode Requests. These control mode requests, in the range 0-100% will be converted into a number of

fans required to run. The relationship will be as follows:

Figure 4: Relationship between the Overall Control Mode Request and the Number of Fans Required To Run

The relationship shows the required number of running fans increasing at fixed 25% intervals. The

relationship will include a falling input dead-band of 12.5% to allow the control request to vary around

a particular mean-point without causing continual changes to fan selection.

For each bore, the SCADA will display and log the number of fans required to run.

24

18

12

6

0

# Fans Required

To Run

Selected Control

Mode Request

Input 0 25 50 75 100%

Falling Input

Rising Input


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5.0 Fan Starter Control and Monitoring

5.1 General

Twenty-four (24) 100% truly reversible jet fans fixed speed fans, started through soft-starter

application, will be provided for each bore.

For each bore, it is intended that up to six of these fans can be running at any one time.

For each bore, the PMCS will take the above-calculated number of fans required and convert them into

individual fan starter control demands.

5.2 Fan matrix

Level Bank 1 Fans 1 to 4

Bank 2 Fans 1 to 4

Bank 3 Fans 1 to 4

Bank 4 Fans 1 to 4

Bank 5 Fans 1 to 4

Bank 6 Fans 1 to 4

0 Off Off Off Off Off Off

1 Fan 1 Fan 2 Fan 3 Fan 4 Fan 1 Fan 2




At the next fan start the fan number will increment with 1 in each location.

The PMCS will ensure that the correct number of fans are running. Any deviation between the “Actual

Running” and the “Number Required” will result in available fans being demanded to Run or Stop.

Fan starter control demands will be subject to the following:

Start-up sequence delay timing

Availability of the fans to PMCS remote control

The PMCS will self-diagnose the I/O and communications paths involved with acquiring fan starter

information into the PLCs so that non-trustworthy indications can be singled out from fan control and

reported to the SCADA.

5.3 Fan Sequencing

The PMCS will provide fan control demand sequencing so that:

Fan starts and stops are kept roughly equal

Only one level is allowed to start at any time. One level being 6 fans, one in each bank)

The sequencer will be cyclic, working from level 0 to level 4, and then back to 0, and so on.

When more fans are required to start, the sequencer will increment to the next non-active level and

selected fans that are available for remote control, and that will generate a Running control demand

for the fan. The sequencer will hold at this level and fans until it is reported to:

Have been running for a time period that covers the specified starter inrush.

Fans not being available to PMCS remote control.


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This process will then repeat as more fans are required to run, until the actual running fans equals the

number required to run.

When more fans are required to stop, the sequencer will increment to the next running level and fans

that are available for remote control, and generate a Stop control demand for the fan. The sequencer

will hold at this fan until it is reported to:

Have stopped.

Fans not being available to PMCS remote control.

This process will then repeat as more fans are required to stop, until the actual running fans equals the

number required to run.

5.4 Fan Availability Checks

All fans will be checked for availability at all times, this will be carried out separately to the operation of

the sequencer. This information will be displayed and recorded at the SCADA, as well as fed back into

the sequencer so that non-available fans can be skipped. Fans will be reported unavailable if:

The starter hardware reports an unexpected fault. This will be displayed and reported at the

SCADA as an unexpected starter hardware fault, which at a fan hardware level must include for

power failures. The fault will remain until the starter clears the reported fault.

The starter is deliberately taken out of PMCS remote control by local start/stop controls, panel

isolation or emergency stop. This will be displayed and reported at the SCADA as a deliberate

action preventing remote fan control. The indication will remain until the starter is returned to

remote control.

There is an instrumentation fault on the I/O and communications paths between the starter

and the PLC. Untrustworthy fan starter information will be displayed and recorded at the

SCADA.

The fan, which is otherwise healthy and allowed remote control, persistently fails to respond

correctly to the stop or run control demand. Any persistent differences will be latched and

reported to the SCADA as a Fan Control Failure. The PMCS will also highlight any defects with

the control demand circuit.

Control demands for fans deemed un-available will always be driven into the Stop state. This will

prevent fans from unexpectedly restarting at some point in the future when the fan starter hardware

recovers from a fault, or is placed back into remote control; the sequencer will first need to cycle back

round to the fans in question in order for them to restart. This mechanism will also remove all fan

running control demands if the ac supply to all fans is lost, so that the fans do not all restart at the

same time when the power is restored.

With fans being unavailable, it is possible for more fans to be required, than are available. In this

situation, the sequencer will continually scan for fans until they become available to start or stop. The

PMCS will detect when multiple cycles have been made, but without achieving the required number of

fans running, so that an overall Required Ventilation Not Achieved alarm can be displayed and reported

at the SCADA.


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5.5 Fans Priority Calculation

After checking Availability of the fan; the priority shall be checked as well; this is to maintain

equal usability of all fans

The calculated fan priority determined by the working \ operation time and the maintenance \

off time as follows:

o Register Calendar day and time stamp [Fan Maintenance\off Time].

o Register Calendar day and time stamp [Fan operation \on Time].

o Counting the number of Fan-OFF [Days\Months]

o Counting the number of Fan-On [Days\Months]

o Calculate fan usability =|Fans-on time –fans off time|.

o Calculate the usability rate [monthly\quarter year\yearly].

o Set the fan priority [1 to 4] in which 1 represents the lower usability and 4 represents

the highest usability.

o RE- order fans sequence as per the new priority settings

o Start selected Fan accordingly.

The following flow chart indicates the sequence control of the previous process:


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See next page for continuation.

Master Group

Control Demand

Set how many

numbers of Fans

required

Set fan sequence\ Level Selection

Fans Priority Calculation sub-routine

0-100%

1

3

4

Carbon Monoxide

(ppm)

Nitrogen Dioxide

(ppm)

Visibility Dimming

Co-efficient (m-1)

PID

Controller

PV Co

SP


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Check Fan

availability

Set ascending on

Counter [Minutes]

Calculate number of

Fan-OFF [Days]

Calculate number of

Fan-OFF [Months]

Register Calendar day and time stamp

[Fan Maintenance\off Time]

Set ascending on

Counter [Minutes]

Calculate number of

Fan-On [Days]

Calculate number of Fan-

On [Months]

Register Calendar day and time stamp [Fan operation \on Time] [Fan Working -on Time]

1

2

NO

YES


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Set the fan priority

[1 to 4]

RE- order fans sequence

Start selected Fan

3

Check Two

consecutive

sequences

similarity

4

END

Calculate fan usability rate

[monthly\quarter year\yearly]

2

YES

NO


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5.6 Fan Direction

Under normal circumstances the directional control of the fans will be in the direction of the traffic in

each bore.

Only under contraflow conditions will the fans be reversed, the SCADA system will be set to contraflow

and the PMCS will allow for the reversal of the fans according to the set plan. (Local control only)

5.7 Fan Exercising

To ensure that the fans are exercised on a regular basis, a timer will be set within the PMCS system for

each fan, and should a fan have been un-operational for a week then 10 minutes run duration will be

set. The timing of the exercising shall be adjusted to coincide with the manufacturers

recommendations.

5.8 Fan Motor Winding Temperature Monitoring.

All fan motors are fitted with winding temperature detection via a thermistor circuit, hardwired into

the soft starter control circuit. The cause for such a condition would normally be insufficient cooling,

due to insufficient airflow or an insulating residue being deposited on the motor casing from the

pollution contents within the airstream. This hardwired solution will disengage or trip the motor

instantly and make the fan unit unavailable to the PMCS. An alarm will be raised for maintenance

intervention.

If Automatic Control is selected on fan starter panel, then in the event of a detected incident the

thermistor circuit will be inhibited and the fan will run to destruction to support the incident ventilation

demand.

5.9 Fan Bearing Temperature and Vibration Status

Additional bearing temperature and vibration status signals will be monitored by the PMCS for each

fan. These signals will give an analogue profile for SCADA display and recording only:

Sensor analogue reading



The analogue sensor readings will be compared against trip set-points for the purpose of generating

High Temperature and Vibration Warnings if the readings are persistently higher than the set-point.

These warnings will also be displayed and recorded at the SCADA. These set-points will be fixed in the

PMCS in accordance with the fan manufacturer’s specification.

These readings and alarms are for indication only, and will have no bearing on the fan availability

checks described previously.


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6.0 Air Flow Monitoring

6.1 Internal Sensors

The PMCS will receive external wind speed and direction readings, for displaying and recording at the

SCADA.

Internal tunnel readings from the air quality equipment taken from approx. 50m from the exit portals

and the tunnel midpoint will also be displayed and recorded by the PMCS/SCADA for the purpose of

evaluating the effectiveness of the fans against different external ambient conditions.

These readings from each sensor will be for indication only, and will include the following elements:

Sensor analogue reading



7.0 Weather Stations and Ambient Visibility.

7.1 Pollution Control Mode Interrupt

The PMCS will receive data from two weather stations located above the two portals; these data will

include VIS readings for external conditions. Should the external conditions deteriorate to such an

extent that VIS (m-1) data for ambient conditions are higher than the maximum allowable or compared

with the control band for the PMCS control strategy, then the ventilation control scheme for the

pollution control mode shall be kept static, while any higher active priority mode will override this

condition.

8.0 Legislation and Standards Applicable standards for these installations are outlined below:

8.1 Hierarchy of codes, standards and specifications

1. National legislation, codes and statutes

2. Regional legislation, codes and statutes

3. This document

4. UK Highways Agency BD78/99 and NFPA 502

5. UK Highways Agency Series 7000 specifications

6. PIARC Road Tunnel Manual

7. Ashghal ITS Specifications

8. Federal Highway Administration (System Engineering Handbook for ITS Systems)

9. QCS Specifications 2010

10. Other relevant international standards and codes.

keo report

Documents

fan starter control

tunnel ventilation fan

fan matrix

fan sequencing

fan direction

fan exercising

fan availability checks

selected control mode