kingdom monera (bacteria)
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Chapter 5 Marine Prokaryotes, Protists, Fungi and Plants All are primary producers which are capable of using light energy to perform photosynthesis. Kingdom Monera (Bacteria). Prokaryotic, single-celled 3 types of bacteria Heterotrophic Photosynthetic Chemosynthetic. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 5Marine Prokaryotes, Protists,
Fungi and Plants
All are primary producers which are capable of using light energy to perform
photosynthesis
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Kingdom Monera (Bacteria)
• Prokaryotic, single-celled• 3 types of bacteria
–Heterotrophic–Photosynthetic –Chemosynthetic
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Heterotrophic bacteria• Obtain energy from other organisms• Decomposers = decay bacteria• Recycle essential nutrients
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Autotrophic bacteria• Make their own
organic compounds1. Photosynthetic
2. Chemosynthetic: release energy from chemical compounds such as H2S & CH4
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Cyanobacteria
• Blue-green algae, primitive plant-like bacteria
• Phylum Cyanobacteria
• First photosynthetic organisms on earth
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Stromatolites• Calcareous (fossil) mounds formed by
blue-green algae 3 b.y.a.
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Red tides• Some are caused by cyanobacteria
– Cause rashes on swimmers
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Kingdom Protista
• Algae - aquatic, photosynthetic organisms
• Eukaryotic• Single and multi-
cellular
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DiatomsKingdom Protista
Phylum Chrysophyta• Unicellular• Silica (glass) cell walls• Important Primary producers• Diatomaceous earth :
– Filters for swimming pools– Temperature and sound insulators– Abrasives (toothpaste)
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Blooms• Period of rapid diatom or
dinoflagellate reproduction
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DinoflagellatesKingdom Protista
Phylum Pyrrophyta• Planktonic, unicellular• Almost all are marine• Red tides• Release toxins -
(Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) that are concentrated by shellfish
• Bioluminescence - Noctiluca
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Zooxanthellae• Dinoflagellate that
lives in the tissue of marine animals such as corals, clams, etc.
• When Zooxanthellae leave the corals, they turn white = Coral Bleaching
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Protozoans• Simple, animal-like
protists• Ingest food and are
photosynthetic• Single-celled• Foraminiferans -
have a shell or “test” of CaCO3
• Radiolarians - secrete shells of silica
Foraminiferans
Radiolarians
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Kingdom Fungi• Multicellular
eukaryotic• 500 marine species• Decompose dead
organic matter
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Kingdom Plantae• Seaweeds (Macroalgae)
– All eukaryotic – Lack true stems, leaves and roots– Most are multicellular
• Challenges to Seaweeds– Wave action and turbulence– Competition for light and space– Predators
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Structure of Seaweed• Thallus – complete plant• Blades - leaf-like portion• Pneumatocysts - gas
filled bladders (filled w/CO2)
• Holdfast - root-like structure (anchors)holds on to bottom
• Stipe – stem
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Phylum Chlorophyta(Green algae)
• Mostly freshwater and terrestrial
• 10% of species are marine
Ulva
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Phylum Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)
• Almost all species are marine• Sargassum (Sargasso seaweed)• Macrocystis (Giant Kelp)
– plants grow up to 300 ft– can grow 20”/day – form kelp beds or kelp forests– Harvested for Algin (used in cosmetics and
ice cream).
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Phylum Rhodophyta(Red Algae)
• Highest commercial value• Fertilizer and animal feed• Agar and carrageenan:
gelling and thickening agents
• Coralline algae: have calcium carbonate in cell walls.
• Species: Nori (Porphyra), Irish Moss