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10/25/2018 1 Listen to the Music! How Rock ‘n’ Roll Provides Touchstones for Occupational Health Lauralynn Taylor McKernan ScD CIH Acknowledgements Dawn Castillo Sophia Chiu Kevin L. Dunn Eric Glassford Rebecca Guerin T.J. Lentz Pranav Rane Len Zwack

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Page 1: Listen to the Music! How Rock ‘n’ Roll Provides Touchstones for …eh.uc.edu/support_files/erc/2018/pdf/presentations/... · 2018-10-25 · 10/25/2018 1 Listen to the Music! How

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Listen to the Music!

How Rock ‘n’ Roll Provides Touchstones for Occupational Health

Lauralynn Taylor McKernan ScD CIH

Acknowledgements

Dawn Castillo

Sophia Chiu

Kevin L. Dunn

Eric Glassford

Rebecca Guerin

T.J. Lentz

Pranav Rane

Len Zwack

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Music has always had the ability to move people

It tells the story of our time

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https://www.nap.edu/catalog/9835/safe‐work‐in‐the‐21st‐century‐education‐and‐training‐needs

1935 Social Security Act of 1935 provided funds for state industrial programs.

1936 Walsh‐Healey Act for worker health and safety standards sets safety and health standards for employers receiving federal contracts over $10,000.

Godfrey publishes on the need for public health involvement in accident prevention in the American Journal of Public Health.

1937 The Council on Industrial Health of the American Medical Association is created.

1938 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists is formed.

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) 1938 limited the types of jobs teens aged 14 ‐ 17 are allowed to perform; also the number of hours and timing ( age 14 and 15)

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Preparing the Emerging Workforce for Safe and Healthy Employment

Rebecca J. Guerin, PhD, CHESResearch Social [email protected] 

Paul Schulte, PhD, Manager

Rebecca Guerin, PhD, CHES, Coordinator

Lauren Menger‐Ogle, PhD, Assistant Coordinator 

Devin Baker, MEd, Social Scientist

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Young Worker Injuries 

In the United States, adolescents:

16‐19 had the third highest incidence rate among all age groups (101.9/10,000 FTEs) of nonfatal occupational injuries/illnesses (BLS, 2017)

15‐17 are ~ 2x more likely as adults (over 24) to be seriously hurt at work

Job injuries for youth (< 19) have an estimated cost of $5 billion/year (Miller & Waeher, 1998).

4.36

4.75

4.53

4.18

3.883.79

3.26

3.473.35

3.12 3.132.99

1.851.99

1.84 1.79 1.781.66

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

15‐19 20‐24 ≥25

Source: NIOSH NEISS Work‐RISQS

NIOSH Safe Skilled Ready Workforce (SSRW) program

Before joining the U.S. workforce for the first time, or starting a new job, all workers will have the foundational knowledge and skills they need to stay safe at work and to contribute to a safe, healthy, and productive workplace.

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Contributing Factors

Physical development and cognitive maturational factors (Sudhinaraset & Blum, 2010)

Adolescent sensation‐seeking, risk‐taking (Steinberg, 2008)

Exposure to physical hazards (Mardis & Pratt, 2003) 

Inexperience; lack of job control; lack of supervision and training (Tucker & Turner, 2013; Zierold, & Anderson, 2006)

Lack of understanding of legal protections

NIOSH Young Worker Curriculum 

Free, fun & interactive

Teaches Core Competencies

Aligned with: National Health Education Standards, Common Career Technical Core, Common Core 

Customized for each state and U.S. territory − 54 versions (& Spanish); Six 45‐minute lessons 

Has an online assessment, digital badge

Evidence and theory‐based

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/talkingsafety/

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Building the Evidence Base

Miami‐Dade Public Schools

Intervention/translation research

Scores aligned with theory (Ajzen, 1991)

Students (N ≈ 4,300) had significant increases in workplace safety knowledge, attitude, self‐efficacy, behavioral intention (& norms) (Guerin et al., 2018) 

Dose/response relationship between teacher implementation and student outcomes 

• Linking implementation fidelity to outcomes a “gold standard” in translation research for training/curricula (O’Donnell, 2008) M-DCPS Superintendent, Alberto Carvahlo (center),

and the Board of Education

Building the Evidence Base

Oklahoma

Passage of SB262; signed into law April 1, 2015 by Gov. Mary Fallin

Conduct 4‐year intervention/translation study in OKCPS on Talking Safety integration, ~8,000 high school students 

• Conduct randomized controlled trial (RCT). The gold standard for demonstrating training effectiveness (Flay et al., 2005; Gottfredson et al., 2015)

Preliminary results: statistically significant shifts in OSH knowledge 

Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin signs SB262

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1968 President Lyndon Johnson calls for a federal occupational safety and health law. 

Mine Safety and Health Act becomes law. 

The Construction Safety Act is passed into law.

1969 Board of Certified Safety Professionals, which certifies practitioners in the safety profession, is established. 

1970 Occupational Safety and Health Act is passed into law.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health are established.

1969

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Additive Manufacturing

LCDR Kevin L Dunn MS, CIHEric Glassford MS, CIH

Nanotechnology and Advanced Manufacturing

• NTRC Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Field Studies Team• Conducted over 130 assessments (83 sites) related to nanotechnology

• Expanding now to advanced and additive manufacturing

• Attempting to fill knowledge gap on what is being used, how, and real‐world potential worker exposures

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Thermoplastic 3D printing field studyLiterature reviews report billions of particles/ minute generation rates as well as detection of VOCS and asthmagens. (Azimi et al. 2016; Mendes et al. 2017; Stefaniak et al. 2017; Steinle 2015)

• ‐20 fused filament fabrication (FFF) printers running in office environment

Chamber set up

• ‐8 cubic foot (ft3) portable chamber 

• ‐High‐efficiency particulate air (HEPA)‐filtered portable floor fan 

• ‐Integrated air sampling and direct‐reading instruments including condensation particle counters, aerosol photometers, optical particle counters, nanoscan

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Findings• Emission rates in the chamber aligned with published rates from other studies

• We did not see anticipated buildup of particulates or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in office space equipped with general ventilation using 20 printer simultaneously

• VOCs were detected in quantifiable amounts

• Emission rates changed due to filament type

• NIOSH recommendations ‐ Rack system for multiple printer use local exhaust ventilation with HEPA/charcoal‐filter

1980 First population‐based and emergency room‐based injury surveillance system is implemented in the United States (Massachusetts and Ohio).

1985 Injury in America: A Continuing Public Health Problem is published by the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine.

1988 Occupational Safety and Health Administration hires its first occupational health nurse.

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NIOSH Robotics Workgroup

Dawn Castillo (DSR,TIP,TWU)

HeeSun Choi (DSR)

Jim Collins (DSR, 80s work)

Scott Earnest (CON)

Alberto Garcia (DART,MNF)

Chuck Geraci (EID, NTRC)

Frank Hearl (OD)

Hongwei Hsiao (DSR,TIP)

Brad Husberg (AFF)

Brian Lowe (DART, MUS, CDRST)

Krystal Mason (WSD)

Tom McDowell (HELD, MUS)

Vladimir Murashov (OD)

John Sammarco (PMRD)

Naomi Swanson (HWD)

Chris Wendt (EID, PtD)

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• 12% annual growth

• Breakthrough in human robot collaboration

• Compact and easy to use collaborative robots will drive market

• Increased use by small and medium companies

• Robots will do tedious, dangerous, dirty and unsafe work

Source: International Federation of Robotics, World Robotics 2016 Industrial Robots http://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/

Robot growth projections, 2016‐2019

NIOSH Center for Robotics Research

• Will address emerging robotic technologies, such as: 

• Collaborative robots

• Co‐existing or mobile robots

• Wearable robotics or powered exoskeletons

• Remotely controlled or autonomous vehicles and drones

• Future robots using advanced artificial intelligence

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/robotics/aboutthecenter.html

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• Decades of experience

• Established safety measures that keep human workers separate from robots

Traditional robots

Designed to work alongside and in conjunction with human workers

New types of robots: Collaborative

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• Cases likely to increase as prevalence of robots increases

• Since new types of robots are just entering the market, there will be a lag before cases appear in national data

Anticipated trends in robot deaths/injuries

19992010

2013

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Potential occupational exposure to opioids among first responders

Sophia Chiu, MD, [email protected](513) 841‐4289

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America is currently in the midst of an opioid epidemic

Americans died each day from an opioidoverdose in 2016115

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Illicit fentanyl is a currently a key factor in opioid overdose deaths

Fentanyl and its analogues are more potent

Fentanyl is 50–100 times more potent than morphine

Carfentanil is 10,000 times more potent than morphine

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Number of reported law enforcement fentanyl encounters increased from 2014 to 2015

More than doubled nationally

13 states reported increase of >100 encounters 

Northeast, Midwest, South

https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/fentanyl‐le‐reports.html

Concern about potential exposures among first responders

Media reports of first responders developing symptoms after exposure

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Concern about potential exposures among first responders

Questions remain

Are health effects consistent with opioid toxicity? 

What are the routes of exposure? 

How can first responders be protected?  

Recommendations  Work with 911 dispatchers 

– Communication improvements?  

Interim NIOSH guidance 

– Training 

– Work practices

– Personal protective equipment 

– Decontamination

Encourage employees to report exposures and health effects  

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/fentanyl/risk.html

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NIOSH guidance: training

How to recognize and determine the quantity of the suspected fentanyl and other drugs

What the potential exposure routes are for fentanyl and its analogues

How to recognize the signs and symptoms of opioid exposure

When and how to seek medical help

Personal protective equipment 

– When and what to use 

– How to properly put on, use, take off, properly dispose of, and maintain 

– Limitations 

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Chemical Exposures at a Vape Shop

Leonard Zwack, ScD  

Lead Industrial Hygienist

[email protected]

What is vaping?

• The process in which e‐liquid is heated by an atomizer housed in an electronic nicotine delivery system (e‐cigarette)

• The process involves heat, a metal coil, and a cotton wick

• The liquid becomes an aerosol (vaporized), and is inhaled by the user

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Why are we concerned about vaping?

• E‐liquid is largely unstudied• Many chemicals associated with vaping

– Flavorings• Diacetyl• 2,3‐pentanedione

– Nicotine– Glycols– Formaldehyde– Other VOCs– Metals– Ultrafine particles

• Not really any studies on real‐world exposures

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Vaping Tricks

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Conclusions• Employees were exposed to detectable levels 

of diacetyl and 2,3‐PD in the air while working in the vape shop

• None of the airborne concentrations of any chemical measured (nicotine, formaldehyde, propylene glycol, VOCs) were above applicable OELs– Few customers vaping, but employees vaped throughout the day

• Employees need to be trained on proper chemical handling procedures and PPE use– Stock nicotine solution was stored in a refrigerator used for food

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Occupational Exposure Banding

Stephen J. Gilbert, M.S.

George Holdsworth, Ph.D.

Thomas J. Lentz, Ph.D.,

Andy Maier, Ph.D., CIH, DABT

Lauralynn Taylor McKernan, Sc.D., CIH 

Pranav Rane, M.P.H 

Melissa Seaton, M.S.,

Christine Whittaker, Ph.D. 

We don’t always have all the information we need, but we still need to make risk management decisions

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A mechanism to quickly and accurately assign chemicals into “categories” or “bands” based on their health outcomes and potency.

A B C D E

>100 ppm

>10 mg/m3

< 0.1 ppm

< 0.01 mg/m3

It’s not more work. It’s a new approach and a more efficient use of resources

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It’s not more work. It’s a new approach and a more efficient use of resources

Helpful OEB Tools can be found here:

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40

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Take Home Message

1. Pay attention to pop culture, it provides clues

2. Use the basics to solve novel problems

3. Learn as much as you can now, your problems haven’t always been invented yet

4. Look for the connections between the sciences

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Why Rock Music today?

• Expression whether music, art or science reflects society

• Music can sway people

• Occupational Health can be poetry but needs to resonate

• Stories move people