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Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority

One Gateway Plaza Los Angeles, CA 90012-2952

213.922.2000 Tel metro.net

November 22, 2011

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

ARTHUR T. LEAHY), tJ7~ CHIEF EXECUTIVE dI~CER MARTHA WELBORNE, FAIA , EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, COUNTYWIDE PLANNING

METRO GREEN LINE TO LAX PROJECT

At the August 15, 2011 Board Staff briefing on the Metro Green Line to LAX project, we were asked to provide two pieces of information: (1) a summary of airports throughout the country with transit connections, including the transit type(s), length of system(s), number of stations, and sources of funding for construction and operations and maintenance; and (2) manufacturers of airport Automated People Mover (APM) systems operating in the United States. Attachments A and B, respectively, provide the requested information.

DISCUSSION

Since the August Board Staff briefing, our project team has gathered information from 27 airports throughout the country. The process has taken longer than anticipated as much of this information, particularly the specifics on funding sources, required several rounds of telephone interviews and researching numerous agency archives.

Attachment A provides the requested information on airport transit connections. Of the 18 airports listed, 15 involve a rail connection to the terminal area while the remaining 3 use a bus connection, similar to the existing transit service at LAX. The table provides a description of the physical and operating components of each service as well as funding sources used to build, operate and maintain the systems.

Attachment B shows that APM systems currently operating, or planned to operate, in the United States use vehicles provided by five manufacturers. The Attachment provides a brief description of each APM system. It should be noted that both attachments contain many of the same airports. However, Attachment

B includes an additional nine airports that have internal APM systems which are not part of a public transit connection.

NEXT STEPS

We will continue to study these airport examples and coordinate with Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA) as we explore various alternatives for the Metro Green Line to LAX project. At the conclusion of the Alternatives Analysis, we will develop the Initial Screening Report to identify those alternatives recommended for further analysis in the draft environmental document. As currently scheduled, we plan to present the results of the initial screening process to the Board in March 2012.

Metro Green Line to LAX 2

OVERVIEW OF U.S. AIRPORT TRANSIT SYSTEMS ATTACHMENT A

.... ··Date>of Length.··· J#of ... #of Head.;· .•..••.... Funding Sources Public Transit Ail'port ofli~e stations .airpo~J 1!\Nay· Capital . ...•• Ope~ations and

Airport Connection ... Description Service; . Mode (miles) online stations l(mfn:} I··· ........•. ... ... ... I Maintenance Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid The main north-south lines

Atlanta were extended with a Local sales tax (1/2

(ATL) Transit Authority

southern terminus at the 1988 HRT 22 19 1 15-20 cent); FTA Local sales tax (1/2

(MARTA): Red airport. expansion grants cent) ;farebox

Line Both lines run north/south

MARTA: Gold through downtown Atlanta. Local sales tax (1/2

Line Station entrance located at 1988 HRT 16 18 1 15-20 cent); FTA Local sales tax (1/2

western end of main expansion grants cent) ;farebox

terminal. Airline contributions

APM service between rental (50%); Customer

car facility, Gateway Facilities Charge

Convention Center, and (CFC) on rental car

ATL SkyTrain main terminal. ATL also has 2009 APM 1.4 10

Passenger Facility transactions; City of

a second APM (the Plane 10 1 Charge, City Dept. College Park

Train) that connects the of Aviation revenue revenue; car rental

main terminal to various company

concourses. contributions; City of Atlanta (general

revenues) The Blue Line, which runs

Maryland north/south from Hunt Valley MOOT Trust Fund

Baltimore! Transit through downtown (fuel/vehicle excise

Washington Administration Baltimore, was extended 1997 LRT 25 29 1 20-30 Federal fundsl taxes, system

(BWI) (Baltimore ): with a southern terminus at appropriations operationg revenue,

Blue Line the airport. Station adjacent bonds, sales, to lower level of terminal Federal aid) buiJdina.

Commuter and intercity rail MOOT Trust Fund;

service to Baltimore, shuttle to terminals

Maryland Area Washington, DC, and .. operated by BWI;

Regional Northeast Corridor. Station BWland Maryland

Commuter located one mile from main 1980 CR 70 13 1 30':60 Amtrak funds Mass Transit

(MARC) - terminal. Free shuttle Admin. jointly

Amtrak connects station to terminal contribute to parking

with service every five!o 15 structure O&M costs

minutes. (airport overflow - ---

parking).

Abbreviations Modes: APM - Automated People Mover; BRT - Bus Rapid Transit; CR - Commuter Rail; HRT - Heavy Rail Transit; LRT - Light Rail Transit Funding and Financing: CFC - Customer Facilities Charge; P3 - Public Private Partnership; PFC - Passenger Facilities Charge

A-1

I


\. Date of ,

Length #of : #of ···flead;. . Funding· Sources Public Transit Airport oflir'le stations airport w.ay

Capital Operations and

Airport Connection Description .. SerVice. Mode (miles). online stations Jmin:) Maintenance

Massachusetts Blue Line connects to 2004 station State sales tax

Bay downtown Boston. Airport renovation: through (47%), fare revenue

Boston Transportation Station located one mile FTA formula and (27%), non-fare

(BOS) Authority from airport terminals. Free 1952 HRT 6 12 1 5-13 discretionary grants revenue (7%), local (80%), MBTA assessments (9%),

(MBT A) - Blue Massport shuttle connects revenue bonds special assistance

Line station to airport terminals. (20%) (10%)

Route provides service from State sales tax South Station (connections (47%); fare revenue

MBTA - Silver to MBTA Red Line, Amtrak FTA (80%); MBTA (27%); non-fare

Line intercity, and commuter rail 2002 BRT 8 9 5 10-15 revenue bonds revenue (7%); local service) in downtown Boston (20%) assessments (9%); to the airport. Curbside pick- special assistance up/drop-off at each terminal. (10%) CTA Orange Line, which runs from the downtown Chicago "Loop" to MDW.

Chicago Chicago Transit Midway station is· next to airport terminal building,

Midway Authority (CTA) accessed via an enclosed 1993 HRT 33 17 1 7-12 Pending Pending (MOW) - Orange Line walkway. An extension

beyond Midway to a new airport terminal or near the Ford City Mall is being planned. CTA Blue Line, which runs from Chicago's west side through downtown, was extended to terminate in the

Chicago northwest at the airport in O'Hare CT A - Blue Line 1984. Station located in 1984 HRT 19.5 33 1 3-12 Pending Pending (ORO) lower level concourse and is

500 feet from baggage claim area. Access to international terminal via Airport Transit System.

Service between domestic Airline contributions;

Airport Transit terminals and international Airport bonds; airport general 1993 APM 2.7 5 5 0.5-17 revenue from

System terminal, long term parking, PFCs; FAA grants concessions and and buses. parking fees


A-2

!

i


Date of Length ... #of # of .... ·.Head .. ..

Funding ..

Public Transit Airport Mode<

offine • stations . airport y~ay Capital Airport Connection Description Service . (n1i1es) onlil'le stations I min.) ..

Thissingle~line system was extended with a western terminus 6.5 miles from the airport at the Fort Worth

Dallas Ft. Texas & Pacific Station.

Worth Trinity Railway Passengers take bus shuttle 1996 CR 35 10 1 30-120 Pending Express to Remote South parking lot

(DFW) and then board buses that serve terminals. DFW also has an airside APM (Skylink) that circulates between terminals. Five bus routes from major activity centers, including downtown Denver and

Denver RTD Denver Boulder. Curbside pick-

(DEN) SkyRide up/drop-off at east and west 1994 Bus varies varies n/a 30-60 Pending passenger drop-off facilities. DEN also has an APM that connects the main terminal to satellite concourses.

Eagle P3, a public-private partnership

FasTracks System between RTD and

[Regional East Corridor Line will under Denver Transit Partners (led by

Transportation connect Downtown Denver 2016 CR 22.8 6 1 con- Fluor, Ames District of to the airport. struc- Construction and Denver (RTD)] tion Balfour Beatty)

(60%); FTA grant (40%)

Tri-Rail (South Extended further south past

Florida Regional the airport. Passengers must connecHo the free MIA

Miami (MIA) Transportation Shuttle bus to travel tothe 1989 CR 75 17 1 40-60 FTA.grants Authority - terminals (operated by SFRTA) Miami-Dade Transit).

.. _-


Sources Operations and Maintenance

Pending

Sales tax revenue (six tenths to the

dollar), advertising, various grants (unspecified)

I

P3 (Denver Transit Partners).

SFRTA operations budget (comprised

of contributions from theFTA, FDOT and I

Broward, Miami- ,

Dade and Palm Beach Counties).

Shuttle bus operations funded by Florida State

Transportation Trust Fund. !

A-3


Date of r e

I Length #of #of Head- Funding Public Transit Airport· of line stations· airport jWay

Capital Airport Connection .. Description Service Mode (mile's) online stations .. _(min:) Being extended to the new Miami Intermodal Center (one mile east of MIA), location of airport's car

MetroRaii rental facility. Passengers System Half-penny

Miami (MIA) Airport Link connect to terminals via under transportation sales MIAMover system. 2012 HRT 2.4 2 1 tax ($404. 7M), (cont.) (Miami-Dade Passengers can also cons- Florida DOT

Transit) connect to Metrobus,Tri- tructibn ($101.3M) Rail, Amtrak, greyhound, and shuttles/taxis. Construction: 2009through Spring 2012. APM connecting terminals to i

Miami-Dade County the Rental Car Center and MIAMover Miami Central Station for the

2011 APM 1.25: 3 3 0.5 -1 ($170M); Florida

Miami Intermodal Center. DOT ($100M)

Federal Hiawatha Line (downtown appropriations and Minneapolis to Mall of grants ($424M); American in Bloomington) Minnesota was extended directly Legislature through the airport with appropriations

Minneapolis stations at terminals 1 ($100M);

St. Paul Metro Transit (Lindbergh) and 2 2004 LRT 12.3 19 2 6-30 Metropolitan (Humphrey) in 2004. Travel Airports

(MSP) between airport terminals is Commission free and operates 24 hours ($87M); Hennepin a day to serve airport users. County ($84.2M); Terminal stations are Minnesota underground and connect to Department of parking garages. Transportation

($20.1 M). Landside APM connects parking facilities to Terminal 1 (Lindbergh). Route length is 0.2 miles with 2 stations. MSP also has a three-Hub Tram station airside APM

2001 APM 0.7 2 2 0.5 Airport bonds; PFCs

(Concourse Tram) between main Lindbergh terminal and satellite concourses (route length is 0.5 miles)


Sources Operations and

Maintenance

System under construction

CFCs

Pending

CFCs, airline contributions, and

Minneapolis Airport Commission

revenue

A-4


Date.of Length #of #of Head- FundihQ Public Transit Airport of line statIons airport (way

Capital Airport Connection Description Service Mode . (miles) online stations !(min;)'

Transit and intercity service N/A, as Newark that connects Penn Station, 2001 Penn Station was

Newark New Jersey Manhattan, Hoboken, and (EWR Re" 75 23-36 1 11-40 constructed about

(EWR) Transit Northeast Corridor to gional 20 years before AirTrain at Newark Liberty station) EWR began International Airport Station. operatinQ in 1928 Northeast Corridor service 2001 varies varies

Amtrak that runs hourly between

(EWR Inter- by by 1 30-60 N/A - Rail predates

Philadelphia, EWR Airport city airport Station and New York City. station) route route

Circulator service between terminals and short- and PFCs; Port

AirTrain Newark long-term parking, car rental 1996 APM 3 8 8 3 Authority of NY INJ facilities, and New Jersey airport capital funds Transit. and Amtrak stations. Several NY Subway lines

Metropolitan connect to AirTrain at New York Jamaica Station and Howard N/A - Rail predates (JFK)

Transportation Beach Station. Length of 2003 HRT varies varies 1 4-10 airport Authority (MT A) lines and number of stations

varies between line. Several LlRR lines connect

Long Island Rail Manhattan and Long Island 2003 CR 12 varies 1 varies N/A - Rail predates

Road (URR) to AirTrain at Jamaica airport Station. Circulator service between all airport terminals with PFCs;Port

Airtrain JFK connections out to 2003 APM 8.5 10 10 4 Authority of NY/NJ commuter rail and NY airport capital funds subway stations.

Southeastern

Philadelphia Pennsylvania SEPTA Regional Railline

(PHL) Transportation runs between PHL and 1985 CR 9.4 6 4 .30 Pending Authority Center City. (SEPTA)

Station is located about 1 .7 - 3 miles from the airport

Phoenix METRO

terminals. Passengers must 2008 LRT 20 32 1 12-20 Local sales tax, FT A (PHX) connect to a dedicated New Starts

airport bus shuttle operated by the City of Phoenix.


Sources Operations and

Maintenance

Farebox revenue, Port Authority of NY/NJ Airport capital funds

Farebox revenue

Airline contributions; airport revenue

N/A - Rail predates airport

N/A - Rail predates airport

Airline contributions; airport revenue

Pending

City of Phoenix general revenue

(airport shuttle only)

A-5

I


r- ... Oate.of Length· ·#·.of. #of Read~ FundinqSources· ... I.

Public Transit Airport .. .ofline stations airport :;V{ay . Capital ..•.•• Qperationsand

Airport Connection . Description ... 'Service Mode (miles) ... online stations tmin,)/ : Maintenance Planned APM system (first

Phoenix phase to open in early 2015) $1.5B paid for with System under (PHX) SkyTrain will connect METRO light 2015 APM 4.9 6 5 3 airport revenue and construction

(cont.) rail, parking, terminals, and passenger fees. CONRAC facility.

e PFCs(23%); Airport Way Urban Renewal , Funds (18%); TriMet

I. general funds and tax-

Extended with a northern exempt revenue bonds

(36%); private TriMet terminus at the airport, investment (23%), P3 Employer payroll

Portland Metropolitan connecting. downtown 2001 LRT 5.5 4 1 15 between Bechtel tax; farebox (POX) Area Express Portland and Beaverton: Enterprises, Port of revenue; Federal

(MAX) Station located 200 to 700 . Portland, Tri·Met, and operating funds

feet from airport entrance. City of Portland. . Bechtel built the

extension!n exchange· for development rights

... to 120 acres at the entrance. of POX.

Existing bus connects airport Quarter-cent sales

Salt Lake Utah Transit with city center. A 6-mile tax, vehicle System Under City (SLC) Authority (UTA)

extension of the UTA's 2013 LRT 6 6 1 15 registration fees Construction

TRAX LRT system is (indirect revenue scheduled to open in 2013. swap)

Central Unklinewas $1,158M (48%)

extended with a southern from Local long-

term bonds;$779M terminus at the. airport. (32%) from Local

Seattle Sound Transit Station· connected to . Retail Sales and

(SEA) Link Light Rail terminal by 975 foot 2009 LRT 15,6 13 1 7.5 Vehicle Excise Pending walkway. SEAaiso has an

Taxes; $500M airside APM.that connects (20%) from Section the;main terminal to satellite

5309 New Starts terminals.

• FFGA Commitment.


A-6


Date of Length #of ··#·of lrIeaO-···· , .' FunOing, Public Transit Airport otline statIons : airport .,' '[way .....

Capital ,

Airport Connection Description Servic.e Mode . (miles) online statrons Gmin.) > " '. .'.

Extended south with a stub terminal at the airport and a

San southern terminus in BART revenue

Francisco Bay Area Rapid Millbrae. Five stations were 2002 HRT 48 24 1 15 (property taxes and

(SFO) Transit (BART) constructed as part of this multi-county sales

project. The station at SFO taxes) directly serves the International Terminal.

Circulator service connecting all terminals, terminal garages, BART

Air Train station, and SFO Rental Car 2002 APM 2.8 9 9 2.5-4 Airport bonds Center. Walking distance between terminals and stations range from 0 to 175 feet. Service from West Falls . Church Orange Line Metro station to airport. One

Washington Washington curbside pick-up/drop~off N/A - Railpredates location. lAD also has an pending Bus 20 2 1 30

Dulles (lAD) Flyer airside APM (AeroTrain) that airport

circulates between the main terminal and satellite concourses. ,

, Fairfax County, Loudon County, and

Airports Authority Currently under System (25%);FTA grant ....

WMATASilver construction, this two~phase 11.6 under

($17.1%);

Line project.consists of a newline 2013 HRT 11 1

constru Commonwealth

- Silver - that will connect contribution (5.2%); Tyson's Corner to lAD. ction Dulles Toll Road

Revenue (52.6%). Total capitalcostis

$5.25B


Sources ' .. '

Operations anO 'Maintenance

San Mateo County Transportation Authority (all

operations from Daly City to Millbrae

stations); BART (station rental and

facilities maintenance for in-terminal station paid

to SFO)

Airport revenue

Airport revenue from concessions; Flyer ticket revenue

System under construction

A-7


. '. .,Date .. pf ' ...•. 'L~ngtn #of ..... ·#Of lTfead~ ....... Funding' Sources Public Transit

. '

Aircport· .....

otlrne stations •·•· .. airport. .iw.ay··· • I "Capital'tOpeEations and .'

Airport Connection ..... .' Description ...... ... Service . Mode /(mifes)./ .. ' online stations .. ·.(min.). • . ..• ... Mamtenance

Washington Blue line extends to a Net assets from

National southern terminus at local jurisdictions

Net assets from (DCA)

WMATA Blue Franconia-Springfield, 1977 HRT 6 27 1 12 within Metro service local jurisdictions;

Line area, Federal stopping at DCA along its

grants, farebox revenue

route. appropriations Net assets from

Yellow line extends to a local jurisdictions Net assets from WMATAYeliow southern terminus at 1983 HRT 4.5 17 1 12 within Metro service local jurisdictions;

Line Huntington, stopping at DCA area, Federal along its route. grants,

farebox revenue

appropriations


A-8

Metro Green Line to LAX Project Summary of U.S. APM Systems Attachment B

Airport System Year Description

Length Manufacturer Name Opened (miles)

Concourse • Partial loop (underground), dual-lane guideway

1 Atlanta

People 1980 • Intra-airport service between main terminal and six 1.0 Bombardier (ATL) Mover satellite concourses

• System will connect to international terminal (2012)

Consolidated • Partial loop (elevated), dual-lane guideway

Atlanta Rental • Service between rental car facility, Gateway Convention Mitsubishi 2

(ATL) Agency 2009 Center, and main terminal. 1.4 Heavy

Complex • Regional rail service connects directly to airport with Industries short walk to APM

• Partial loop (primarily elevated), dual-lane guideway • Service between domestic terminals and international

Airport 1993, terminal, long term parking, and buses

3 Chicago

Transit expansion • Regional rail service connects directly to airport with 2.7 Siemens (ORD)

System in progress short walk to APM • Expansion will add 24 new vehicles and an extension of

the line to Parking Lot E and future remote parking garage, Lot F (part of O'Hare Modernization Program)

• Shuttle (underground), dual-lane

4 Cincinnati Concourse

1994 • Intra-airport service between Terminal 3 and satellite 0.2 Poma-Otis (CVG) Train Delta concourses

Dallas! Fort • Bi-directional, dual-lane loop (elevated)

5 Worth Skylink 2005 • Intra-airport service between terminals 4.9 Bombardier (DFW)

Automated • Partial loop (underground), dual-lane guideway

Denver Guideway • Intra-airport service between main terminal and satellite 6

(DEN) Transit 1995 concourses. 1.2 Bombardier

System

8-1


Airport System Year

Description Length

Manufacturer Name Opened (miles)

• Single-lane shuttle with bypass, elevated

7 Detroit Express

2002 • Intra-airport service within new McNamara terminal 0.7 Poma-Otis (DTW) Tram

Inter- • Loop (underground), single-lane guideway Bombardier

8 Houston

Terminal 1981 • Service between terminals, parking, and hotels 1.0 (Formerly (IAH)

Train Transportation

Group Inc.) 1999 • Partial loop (elevated), dual-lane guideway

(phase 1) • Intra-airport service between domestic terminals and

9 Houston

TerminaLink 2005 international terminal/Federal Inspection Services 1.0

Bombardier (IAH) (phase 2) offices

2010 (phase 3)

• Dual-lane shuttles, elevated and tunnel 0.2

C Gates 1985 • Intra-airport service between main terminal and C and (C

10 Las Vegas Tram and D

(C Gates) D gates Gates) Bombardier

(LAS) Gates Tram

1998 • A third tunnel system is currently being built to serve E 0.6 (D Gates) gates at Terminal 3 (2011/2012) (D

Gates) • Dual-lane shuttle (elevated)

Miami Concourse E • Intra-airport service between main terminal and satellite 11

(MIA) Shuttle 1980 international terminal 0.2 Bombardier

• Dual-lane partial loop, elevated on roof of structures Mitsubishi • Serves North Terminal Concourse D with 4 stations Heavy

Industries of

12 Miami

Skytrain 2010 0.7 America (MIA) (Sumitomo

Corporation of America,

prime)

8-2

Metro Green Line to LAX Project Summary of U.S. APM Systems Attachment 8

Airport System Year Description Length Manufacturer Name Opened (miles)

• Partial loop connecting terminals to the Rental Car Mitsubishi Center and Miami Central Station for the Miami Heavy Intermodal Center Industries of

13 Miami MIAMover 2011 1.25 America (MIA) (Sumitomo

Corporation of America,

prime) • Dual-lane shuttle (underground)

Minneapolis! • Service between main Lindbergh terminal and "Hub 14 St. Paul HubTram 2001 Building" which has car rental facilities, transit center, 0.2 Pam a-Otis

(MSP) light rail station, parking, and Skyway Connector moving walkway

Minneapolis! Concourse

• Partial loop (elevated), dual-lane guideway 15 St. Paul

Tram 2004 • Intra-airport service between main Lindbergh terminal 0.5 Poma-Otis

(MSP) and concourses A and B and within concourse C • Partial loop (primarily elevated) dual-lane guideway

New York- • Service connecting 10 elevated stations between all 16 JFK AirTrain JFK 2003 terminals and commuter and end stations that connect 8.1 Bombardier

(JFK) with MTA New York City Transit and Long Island Rail Road

1996 • Partial loop (elevated), dual-lane guideway

Newark AirTrain • Service between terminals and short- and long-term

17 (EWR) Newark 2001 parking, car rental facilities, and NJTRANSIT, and 3.2 Bombardier

extension AMTRAK stations

• Partial loop, elevated, at-grade and tunnel guideway

Oakland Oakland • 78% elevated; 14% at-grade; and 8% below-grade Doppelmayr

18 Airport 2014 3.1 (OAK)

Connector • BART to provide O&M services on Airport property Cable Car

once built ------

8-3


Airport System Year

Description Length Manufacturer

Name Opened (miles) • Dual-lane shuttles, elevated, dual-lane guideway

Automated • Intra-airport service between main terminal with satellite

I Orlando People terminals 19

(MCO) Mover 1981 • Airport plans to connect terminal with future South 1.5 Bombardier

System Terminal Complex

• Partial loop, elevated

• Phase 1 service between 44th Street Transit Center,

Phoenix 2013 East Economy Lot, and Terminal 4

20 Sky Train ™ (Phase 1 • Phase 1A adds a station at Terminal 3 1.7 Bombardier (PHX)

estimated) • Phase 2 adds stations at West Terminal, West Economy Lot, and Rental Car Center

• Dual-lane shuttle (underground)

Pittsburgh People • Intra-airport service between airside and landside 21

(PIT) Mover 1992 terminals 0.4 Bombardier

• Dual lane shuttle (elevated) • Connecting new Central Terminal B and Concourse B • It is located beyond the boarding pass checkpoint, but

Automated departing passengers have not cleared TSA security.

22 Sacramento

People 2011 No checked luggage will be allowed onboard .2 Bombardier (SMF)

Mover • Arriving passengers will be originating from the secure side of the airport, having cleared security at their airport of origin

8-4

Metro Green Line to LAX Project Summary of U.S. APM Systems Attachment 8

Airport System Year Description Length

Manufacturer Name Opened (miles) • Two independent single-lane loops (elevated), dual-

San lane guideway

23 Francisco AirTrain 2003 • Service between terminals, terminal garages, BART 2.8 Bombardier (SFO) station, and rental car center.

• Two loops and one shuttle (underground)

Satellite 1973, • Circulator service between main terminal and two

24 Seattle

Transit 2004 satellite concourses and circulator service within each 1.7 Bombardier

(SEA) System

(replace- concourse ment)

Tampa Airport • Dual-lane shuttles (elevated), dual-guideway

25 (TPA)

People 1971 • Intra-airport service between main terminal and 4 0.7 Bombardier Mover satellite terminals

• Partial loop, low-profile guideway attached to garage floor, single-lane guideway

26 Tampa Garage

1991 • Circulator service between short and long-term parking 0.6 Bombardier (TPA) Monorail and ground transportation

• Partial-loop underground, dual-lane guideway Mitsubishi • Intra-airport service between main terminal and satellite Heavy

Washington concourses Industries of AeroTrain America 27 Dulles

APM System 2010 1.5

(Sumitomo (lAD) Corporation of

America, prime)

Source: Airport Cooperative Research Program. Report 37: Guidebook for Planning and Implementing Automated People Mover Systems at Airports. Transportation Research Board: Washington, DC 2010. Financing data gathered through conversations with airport planning personnel and Lea+ Elliot project archives

8-5

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