MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAMS

2-hour Lesson

Sam Mason, CMfgT, CSTMAuthorized OSHA Trainer

Morehead State University

Managing Safety and Health Programs

Safety and Health Pays off

What Return can a S&H program provide?

Improved employee morale, Decreased lost time, Fewer workplace injuries and illnesses, Lower insurance costs, and Safety culture adoption.

These injuries cost society $127.7 billion in 1997, according to the National Safety Council figures.

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/safetyhealth

Management System + S&H Integration

How can safety and health become a part of the way our business runs?

Combine performance standards with S&H standards,

Talk the talk and walk the walk, Top down support, and Bottom up implementation.

Doing a Safety & Health Check Up

What indicators tell me if I’m getting weaker or stronger?

Statistical reports, Opinion surveys, Risk analysis, Periodic inspections,

Daily inspections Checklists

Process improvement initiatives.

Creating Change

What practices are best for assuring lasting success?

Obtain management buy-in. Build trust. Conduct self-assessments. Develop a site safety vision. Develop a system of accountability and measures. Implement recognition and rewards. Provide awareness training. Implement process changes. Continually measure, communicate results and

celebrate successes.

Challenges

How can employers maintain a safe and healthy work environment?

What are the basic provisions of workers’ compensation laws?

What is OSHA and what does it do? What are some of the main health and

safety issues in the workplace?

Introduction

Research indicates benefits to companies

who establish effective worker safety and

health programs: Reduction in the extent and severity of work-

related injuries and illnesses

Improved employee morale

Higher productivity

Lower workers’ compensation costs

Proactive Safety and Health Management

H.W. Heinrich’s Theory

Workplace Safety and the Law

Workers’ Compensation Benefits

Injuries or illnesses occurring on the job

Total disability benefits Impairment benefitsSurvivor benefitsMedical expense benefitsRehabilitation benefits

Exemplary Workplaces

Common characteristics of effective safety

and health programs: Assignment of responsibility to managers,

supervisors, and workers

Regular inspections to control hazards

Employee training and orientation for the

recognition and avoidance of hazards

S & H Program Guidelines

Systematic approach to hazard: Identification Evaluation Control

S & H Program Guidelines

Goes beyond specific requirements of the law to focus on all hazards

As the size of the workplace increases so does the need for a formalized written program

Program effectiveness more important than “In Writing”

Element taken from the ‘Safety and Health Program Guidelines - 1989’

S & H Program Guidelines

Major Elements

Keys to an effective program: Management commitment and employee

involvement Worksite analysis Hazard prevention and control Safety and health training

Management Commitment Management provides:

Direction and motivation All in

Safety Teams, Safety and Health Leader

Resources Videos

Continual on-site training

Activity control Periodic Safety Plan revisions

Annual Self Inspections

Inspections?

Together federal and state OSHA programs have about 2,500 inspectors to cover more than 100 million workers at 6 million sites.

That's one inspector for every 2,400 worksites and every 40,000 employees.

At a rate of roughly 90,000 inspections per year, OSHA would visit each worksite once every 66 years!

Management Commitment Safety and health policy statement

Clear program goals and objectives

Visible involvement in program from top

management

Leadership Focused

Committed

Management Commitment

Assignment of safety and health

responsibilities

Clear communication of program goals

Management Commitment Provides adequate authority to responsible

personnel

Holds managers, supervisors and employees

accountable for meeting their responsibilities

Management Commitment & Employee Involvement

Complement one another

Management provides the motivating force

and resources for safety and health

programs

Employee involvement provides workers

opportunities to develop and express their

own commitment to the safety and health

program

Employee Involvement

Active role for employees:

Workplace inspections

Hazard analysis

Development of safe work rules

Training of coworkers & new hires

Worksite Analysis

Hazard Identification:

Facilities

Processes

Materials

Equipment

Use professionals that understand the

processes involved

Worksite Analysis

Perform job hazard analysis Break tasks down into elements Identify the hazards in each element Identify control measures and safe work rules

for each element

Worksite Analysis

Identify existing hazards Anticipate hazards where procedures or

operations change

Worksite Analysis

Provide for regular site safety and health inspections

Method for reporting and correcting hazards: Communication of hazards Method for correcting reported hazards Prioritizing work Timeliness Without fear of reprisal

Worksite Analysis

Effective system for:

Accident Investigations

Near Misses

Identify root causes

Contributing factors

Methods for prevention of reoccurrence

Worksite Analysis Plan

Worksite Analysis Plan

Conduct a comprehensive, baseline survey for safety and health and periodic, comprehensive update surveys.

Change analysis of planned and new facilities, processes, materials, and equipment.

Perform routine job hazard analyses.

Conduct periodic and daily safety and health inspections of the workplace.

Worksite Analysis

Analyze injury and illness trends over time: Identify injury type patterns

Identify injury task patterns

Analyze by department

Identify common causes and prevent

reoccurrence

Hazard Prevention and Control Make a determination that a hazard exists

Where feasible, eliminate by job or task

design/redesign

If elimination is not feasible, then control the

hazard: Engineering controls

Administrative controls

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Hazard Prevention and Control System for timely correction or control of

hazards

Safe work procedures: Developed from worksite analysis Training Correction of unsafe performance Positive reinforcement Enforcement

Hazard Prevention and Control

Provide for facility and equipment maintenance

Plan and prepare for emergencies: Training and drills

Medical Program First aid Physician and emergency care

Catching Hazards that Escape Controls

After hazards are recognized and controls are put in place, additional analysis tools can help ensure that the controls stay in place and other hazards don’t appear. These other tools include:

Employee reports of hazards Accident and Incident investigations Injury and illness trend analysis

Employee Reports of Hazards Employees play a key role in discovering

and controlling hazards that may develop or already exist.

Establish a reporting system by using Supervisor chain of command, Safety and health committee member Voice mail box Suggestion box

Employee Reports of Hazards An effective reporting system needs:

A policy that encourages employees to report safety and health concerns,

Timely and appropriate responses to the reporting employee,

Timely and appropriate action where valid concerns exists,

Tracking of required hazard correction, Protection of reporting employees from any

type of reprisal or harassment.

Accident/Incident Investigations Another tool to use for uncovering hazards that

were missed All accidents and incidents should be investigated

Even “Near-Misses”

Six questions should be answered Who What When Where Why How

Trend Analysis

Analysis of injury and illness trends over time to identify patterns with common causes so preventative measures can be taken.

Reviewing OSHA Injury and Illness forms 300 and 300A

Looking for similar injuries or illnesses Indicate lack of hazard control

Where it occurred Type of work being performed Time of day Type of equipment

Safety and Health Training How do we know what the hazards

are? floor workers, supervisors, managers,

contractors, and part-time and temporary workers

Safety and Health Training When is training required?

New employee OR Employee is new to the job

Change occurred (chemicals, processes, equipment)

When it is required by a Standard Incident occurs Audit shows is necessary When Requested

Only properly authorized and instructed employees should be allowed to do any job.

Make sure no one does a job that appears unsafe.

Hold emergency preparedness drills. Pay particular attention when new operations

are being learned so that everyone has the proper job skills and awareness of hazards.

Supervisors and managers should be trained to recognize hazards and understand their responsibilities.

Safety and Health Training

The five principles of teaching and learning should be followed to maximize program effectiveness. They are:

Trainees should understand the purpose of the training. Information should be organized to maximize

effectiveness. People learn best when they can immediately practice

and apply newly acquired knowledge and skills. As trainees practice, they should get feedback. People learn in different ways, so an effective program

will incorporate a variety of training methods.

Safety and Health Training

Types of Safety and Health Training Needed:

• Orientation training for site workers and contracts/contractors

• JSAs, SOPs, and other hazard recognition training

• Training required by OSHA standards, including the Process Safety Management standard

• Training for emergency response people

• Accident investigation training

• Emergency drills

Safety and Health Training Effective new employee orientation:

Employee safety and health responsibilities Protective measures Proper procedures for machine operation Understand all safeguards Exits and emergency procedures

Safety and Health Training Who needs it?

New hires, contract workers, employees who wear PPE, workers in high risk

Managers and supervisors Importance of visibly supporting the safety and health

program and setting a good example Company policies and procedures Hazard detection and control Accident investigation Handling of emergencies How to train and reinforce training

Evaluating Safety and Health Training

Reinforcing employee training: Continual feedback Refresher training as needed

If you give a document in Native language, you need to give the training in the Native language

If done correctly, can identify strengths and weaknesses

Keep training records to ensure everyone who should get training does.

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/safetyhealth/mod3.html

AlliancesStrategic PartnershipsVPP

OSHA

Alliances

Enables organizations committed to workplace

safety and health to collaborate with OSHA to

prevent injuries and illnesses in the workplace

OSHA and its allies work together to reach out

to, educate, and lead the nation's employers and

their employees in improving and advancing

workplace safety and health.

Alliance Benefits

Build trusting, cooperative relationships with the Agency.

Network with others committed to workplace safety and health.

Leverage resources to maximize worker safety and health protection.

How Alliances Work

OSHA and the participating organization

must define, implement and meet a set of

short and long-term goals that fall into three

categories:

Training and education

Outreach and communication

Promote the National Dialogue on

Workplace Safety and Health

Getting Started with Alliances For national Alliances, contact OSHA's Office of

Outreach Services and Alliances at 202-693-2340.

For regional or local Alliances, contact the OSHA

regional office for your area.

OSHA Strategic Partnerships

The OSHA Strategic Partnership Program for Worker Safety and Health (OSPP), adopted on November 13, 1998

An expansion of OSHA's experience with voluntary programs.

http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/partnerships/index.html

OSHA Strategic Partnerships

Extended, voluntary, cooperative relationship with groups of employers, employees, and employee representatives

Opportunity to identify a common goal, develop plans for achieving that goal, and cooperate in implementation.

Most are small businesses, with an average employment of 22 workers.

Partnership GrowthOSHA Strategic Partnerships

OSHA Strategic Partnerships Many of these partnerships focus on areas

of concern addressed in OSHA's Strategic Plan.

These partnerships are seeking solutions to silica and lead exposures Serious hazards in the:

Nursing home,

Food processing,

Logging, and

Construction industries.

OSHA Strategic Partnerships

OSHA Strategic Partnerships

Voluntary Protection Program (VPP)

Designed to recognize and promote effective safety and health management.

In the VPP, management, labor, and OSHA establish a cooperative relationship at a workplace that has implemented a strong program: Management program that meets OSHA criteria Employees participate & work with management OSHA provides public recognition Removal from routine inspections

http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/vpp/index.html

Consultation Services

OSHA

OSHA Consultation Service Free Service:

Find out about potential hazards in the workplace

Improve safety & health management systems

Qualify for one-year exemption from routine inspection

OSHA Consultation Service

Delivered by state governments:

Well trained staff On-site consultation Confidential

Commitment to correcting serious job hazards

http://www.osha.gov/pls/publications/publication.AthruZ?pType=AthruZ#C