module 3 power point presentation 20140520
TRANSCRIPT
Module 3
Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Learning Objectives
1. Explain the importance of adaptation in preparing for and
coping with climate change
2. Outline key elements of a vulnerability assessment
4. Analyse linkages between climate change adaptation and
development planning 3. Identify adaptation options
By the end of the module
participants will be able to:
Module 3: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
2
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Overview
Overview
Section 1
Introduction to Climate Change
Adaptation
Section 2
Conducting a Vulnerability Assessment
Section 3
Identifying and Selecting
Adaptation Options
Section 4
Linking Adaptation and Development
Planning
Section 5
International Initiatives to
Support Climate Change
Adaptation
Module 3: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
3
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Introduction to Climate
Change Adaptation
Section 1
Module 3: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
4
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
What is Climate Change Adaptation?
“Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustments in human and natural systems in response to actual or
expected climatic variation, with a view to moderating harm or exploiting
beneficial opportunities.”
(Source: Based on IPCC 2001)
Source: UNDP & UNEP-PEI 2001
Section 1: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
5
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Types of Adaptation
Type Action
Anticipatory adaptation Taking action in preparation of
climate change
Reactive adaptation Taking action when climate
change effects are
experiencedSource: IPCC
Section 1: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
6
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Definitions of Related Concepts
Vulnerability to Climate Change
“The degree to which a system is susceptible to, and unable to cope with, adverse effects of
climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate variation to which a system is exposed, its
sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity.”
(IPCC 2007)
Adaptive Capacity
“The whole of capabilities, resources and institutions of a country or region to implement
effective adaptation measures.”
(IPCC 2007)
Climate Risk
“The combination of the likelihood (probability of occurrence) and the consequences of an
adverse event (e.g. tropical cyclone, drought, flood).”
(UNDP 2011)
Resilience
“The ability of a social or ecological system to absorb disturbances while retaining the same basic structure and ways of functioning, the
capacity for self-organisation, and the capacity to adapt to
stress and change.”
(IPCC 2007)
Section 1: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
7
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Key Sectors Affected by Climate Change
Key Sectors
Disaster Risk
Reduction Education
Energy
Fisheries
Food And Agricultur
e
Forestry
HealthInfra-
structure
Nature & Ecosystem
Conser-vation
Spatial Planning
Tourism
Transport
Waste
Water
Section 1: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
8
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Examples of How Temperature Rise Effects Different Sectors (I)
*Significant is defined here as more than
40%
Source: IPCC 2007 as used in UNDP 2009
p17
Section 1: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
9
Global mean temperature change relative to 1980-1999 °C
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Examples of How Temperature Rise Effects Different Sectors (II)
** Based on average rate of sea level rise of 4.2mm/year from 2000 to
2008 Source: IPCC 2007 as used in UNDP 2009
p17
Section 1: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
10
Global mean temperature change relative to 1980-1999 °C
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Estimates of Annual Adaptation Costs in Developing Countries, 2010-2015
Source: Reproduced from IFAD
Section 1: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
11
SourceUSD billion
per annum
World Bank (2006) 9 – 41
Stern (2006) 4 – 37
UNDP (2007) 86 – 109
UNFCCC (2007) 27 – 67
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Key Elements of an Adaptation Process
Observation
Assessment of climate
impacts and vulnerability
Select adaptation
options
Implementation of adaptation
measures
Monitoring & evaluation of adaptation
actions
Section 1: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
12
Source: Based on UNFCCC
2011
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Data Requirements for Effective Adaptation
Climate Data
• National and local weather data
• Seasonal forecasts
• Future projections from climate models
• …
Other Environmental Data
Forest cover
Water resources
Biodiversity
…
Socio-Economic Data
• Population dynamics
• Urbanization trends
• Economic development forecasts
• Gender and age
• …
Planning Information
• National development plans
• Sub-national and municipal development plans
• …
Section 1: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
13
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Importance of Stakeholder Engagement
14
Section 1: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
Source: IPA Netzwerk
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Case Study: Community-Based Adaptation Initiatives in Samoa
Adaptation to flooding and
sea-level rise
Protection and
conservation of
mangroves, eco-systems,
and coral reefs
Community awareness
programmes inform local
stakeholders about
the connection between
ecosystems, their
livelihoods, and climate
change
Source: UNDP Adaptation Learning
Mechanism
15
Section 1: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Challenges of Adaptation
URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEyh0U81ErU
Video: Achim Steiner, Executive Director of the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) talks about the challenges of adaptation
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:LearnSection 1: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
16
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Conducting a Vulnerability
Assessment
Section 2
Module 3: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
17
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
The Components of Vulnerability
Exposure
Sensitivity
Adaptive
Capacity
Potential
Impact
Vulnerabilit
y
Source: Reproduced from Midgley, Davies & Chesterman 2011 p3
Section 2: Conducting a Vulnerability Assessment
18
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Why Conduct a Vulnerability Assessment?
Vulnerability
assessments help to
identify who is most
vulnerable, where they
are located, and what
risks they face. They
are an important input
to planning for
adaptation.
Source: WeAdapt
19
Section 2: Conducting a Vulnerability Assessment
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Variety of Assessment Tools and Methods
Various methods and tools available
Summarized in UNFCCC
compendium on methods and tools
to evaluate impacts of, and vulnerability and
adaptation to, climate change
Select tools/methods in accordance with
national circumstances
20
Section 2: Conducting a Vulnerability Assessment
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
First Generation of Assessments
Climate scenarios
Biophysical impacts
Socio-economic impacts
Adaptations to impacts
Residual or net impacts
Source: UNFCCC 2006 p103
21
Section 2: Conducting a Vulnerability Assessment
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Climate
Science
Social
Science
Current
Vulnerability
Future Exposure
Future Adaptive
Capacity
Future
Vulnerability
Second Generation of Assessments
Source: UNFCCC 2006 p103
Current Exposure
Current Adaptive
Capacity
22
Section 2: Conducting a Vulnerability Assessment
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Vulnerability ― Example 1: Changing Rainfall Patterns in Kitui, Kenya
• The arid area of Kitui likely to receive less water in the future
• Rains are no longer reliable and droughts may last longer
Potential Impact
(Exposure)
• Reduced crop productivity due to lack of irrigation systems and drought resistant crops
• Loss of income and increased poverty
Potential Impact
(Sensitivity)
• Travelling large distances to collect fresh water not viable
• Moving of population to other areas not possible
• Effective irrigation technology not available
Adaptive Capacity
23
Section 2: Conducting a Vulnerability Assessment
Further info: IPCC
website
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Vulnerability ― Example 1: Changing Rainfall Patterns in Kitui, Kenya
Case Kitui,
Kenya
Exposure High
Sensitivity High
Adaptive
Capacity
Low
Vulnerability HighSource: guide2kenya
24
Section 2: Conducting a Vulnerability Assessment
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Vulnerability ― Example 2: Coastal Zone Management in the Netherlands
• The Netherlands are already below sea level
• Increased sea level creates risks of coastal inundation & erosion
Potential Impact
(Exposure)
• Existing dykes may no longer be effective against higher sea levels
• A breach of dykes would result in loss of land, and damage to crops and habitats
Potential Impact
(Sensitivity)
• Funds available to implement adaptation measures (e.g. increase height of dams)
• Skills and equipment available
Adaptive Capacity
25
Section 2: Conducting a Vulnerability Assessment
Further info: WMO
website
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Vulnerability ― Example 2: Coastal Zone Management in the Netherlands
Case Netherland
s
Exposure High
Sensitivity High
Adaptive
Capacity
High
Vulnerability LowSource: Wikipedia/Rens Jacobs
26
Section 2: Conducting a Vulnerability Assessment
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Vulnerability ― Example 3: The Case of Tropical Storms in Jamaica
• The Caribbean already exposed to tropical storms
• Storms projected to increase in intensity and frequency
Potential Impact
(Exposure)
• Increase of intensive storms may result in additional damage to the population and the natural and built environment
• Areas with poorly constructed buildings particularly sensitive
PotentialImpact
(Sensitivity)
• Limited technology to prevent damage
• Availability of labour and some financial resources
Adaptive Capacity
27
Section 2: Conducting a Vulnerability Assessment
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Case Jamaica
Exposure High
Sensitivity Medium
Adaptive
Capacity
Medium
Vulnerability Medium
Vulnerability ― Example 3: The Case of Tropical Storms in Jamaica
28
Section 2: Conducting a Vulnerability Assessment
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Gender Vulnerability to Climate Change
Source: UnWomen Watch. Further info: UNFCCC
Website
29
Section 2: Conducting a Vulnerability Assessment
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Identifying and Selecting
Adaptation Options
Section 3
Module 3: Introduction To Climate Change Adaptation
30
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Range of Adaptation Options: From Vulnerability to Impact Focus
Addressing the drivers of
vulnerability
• Activities seek to reduce poverty and other non-climatic stressors that make people vulnerable
Building response capacity
• Activities seek to build robust systems for problem-solving
Managing climate risks
• Activities seek to incorporate climate information into decision-making
Confronting climate change
• Activities seek to address impacts associated exclusively with climate change
Vulnerability Focus Impacts Focus
Traditional Development Funding New & Additional Adaptation
FundingSource: Reproduced from Mcgray et al 2007
Section 3: Identifying and Selecting Adaptation
Options
31
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Examples of Adaptation Actions with Different Foci
Source: Reproduced from Mcgray et al 2007
Section 3: Identifying and Selecting Adaptation
Options
32
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Different Methods for Selecting Adaptation Options
Analysis Context Advantages/ Strengths Disadvantages/
Weaknesses
Cost-benefit Costs and benefits can
be quantified in
monetary terms when
the necessary data are
available
Monetizing allows
quantitative comparison
between diverse costs
and benefits
Non-market costs and
benefits (e.g. Ecological
and cultural values) as
well as distributional
aspects are difficult to
include
Cost-effectiveness Objectives of adaptation
measures have been
identified, and the lowest
cost option is sought
It allows an analysis to
be carried out on non-
monetary costs and
benefits such as health
and ecosystem services
It cannot evaluate
whether a measure is
justified
Multi-criteria Data are not fully
available, factors are not
easily quantified and
monetary benefits may
be only one of many
criteria used
Criteria can be optimized
to national and local
priorities; allows for
stakeholder engagement
Lack of monetary terms
may weaken economic
case for the justification
of measures
Source: Reproduced from UNFCCC 2011 p31
Section 3: Identifying and Selecting Adaptation
Options
33
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Range of Criteria for Selecting Adaptation Options
Sustainability
Mitigation Co-benefits
Environmental Impacts
Equity
Implementation Costs
Effectiveness
Robustness
Reliability
Risk and Uncertainty
Urgency
Degree of Risk or Impacts
Precautionary
Opportunity
Ancillary Benefits
No-regret Option
Window of Opportunity
Implemen-tation
Public Acceptability
Funding Sources
Individual and Institutional
Capacity
Source: Reproduced from IISD, UNITAR & UNEP 2009 p37
Section 3: Identifying and Selecting Adaptation
Options
34
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Example of Selecting Adaptation Options
Source: Ranger & Garbett-Shiels 2011 p15
Section 3: Identifying and Selecting Adaptation
Options
35
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Section 3: Identifying and Selecting Adaptation
Options
Sector Focus ― Agriculture: Examples of Possible Adaptation Measures
Development of tolerant/resistant
crops (to drought, salt, insect/pests)
Diversification of crops
Changes in fertilizer use and
application
Changes in planting and harvesting
times
Soil-water management
Erosion control
Development of early warning
systems
Related policy measures, such as
subsidies, and training and outreach
programmes
36
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
In Focus: FAO Online LearningPackage on Climate-Smart Agriculture
Section 3: Identifying and Selecting Adaptation
Options
37
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Sector Focus ― Water: Examples of Possible Adaptation Interventions
Interventions
Institutional
/
Policy
• Providing drinking water to coastal communities to combat enhanced salinity due to sea
level rise (Bangladesh)
• Mobilisation and integrated water resource management project (Cape Verde, Vanuatu)
• Implementation and management of water management associations (Madagascar)
• Contribution to better knowledge of surface water regimes (Mauritania)
• Institutional strengthening of water resources sector (Sierra Leone)
Technical • Rainwater harvesting (Bhutan, Burundi, Mali, Sierra Leone)
• Groundwater recharge for irrigation wells (Eritrea, Mauritania)
• Use of spate, drip irrigation and range land development (Eritrea, Mauritania)
• Stabilisation of river dynamics and water courses (Burundi, Mauritania, Mozambique)
• Coastal protection infrastructure (maldives)
• Increased water supply (Cambodia, Comoros, Djibouti, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Guinea
Bissau, Kiribati, Maldives, Mauritania, Niger, Samoa, São Tomé&Príncipe, Sierra
Leone, Tanzania, Tuvalu)
• Development and improvement of small-scale and community irrigation systems
(Cambodia, Ethiopia, Guinea Bissau, Rwanda)
Market • Water resource adaptation project (Kiribati)
Source: Overseas Development Institute
2009Section 3: Identifying and Selecting Adaptation
Options
38
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Section 3: Identifying and Selecting Adaptation
Options
Sector Focus ― Health: Examples of Possible Adaptation Measures
Establishment of climate
change and environment and
health information systems
Strengthening of disease and
weather early warning
Cost-effective technology for
water treatment for hospitals
Education and training of
environment and health
professionals
39
Further info: WHO
website
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
WHO Documentary on Climate Change & Health
Section 3: Identifying and Selecting Adaptation
Options
Video: WHO documentary about climate change adaptation to protect human health in the European and Central Asian regions
URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5gtjhwj-3m
40
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Section 3: Identifying and Selecting Adaptation
Options
Sector Focus ― Education: Examples of Possible Adaptation Measures
Review of curricula to integrate
climate change issues
Development of relevant
quality learning materials
Training on climate change for
teachers and curriculum
developers
Protection of learning facilities
to meet the worst impacts of
climate change and disasters
41
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Linking Adaptation and
Development PlanningSection 4
Module 3: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
42
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Climate Change ― A Development Challenge
Section 4: Linking Adaptation and Development
Planning
43
Source: UNDP & UNEP 2011
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Potential Impact of Climate Change on the Millennium Development Goals (I)
Source: Adapted from OECD 2009 p 29
44
Goal Potential Impact of Climate Change on Achievement of Goal
Eradicate
extreme
poverty and
hunger
• Climate change is projected to reduce the assets and livelihoods
of many poor people, for example health, access to water,
homes, and infrastructure.
• Climate change is projected to alter regional food security. In
particular in Africa, food security is expected to worsen.
Promote
gender
equality
• In the developing world in particular, women are
disproportionately involved in natural resource-dependent
activities, such as agriculture, which are particularly vulnerable to
climate change.
Section 4: Linking Adaptation and Development
Planning
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Potential Impact of Climate Change on the Millennium Development Goals (II)
Source: Adapted from OECD 2009 p 29
45
Goal Potential Impact of Climate Change on Achievment of Goal
Combat
major
diseases
• Direct effects of climate change include increases in heat-related
mortality and illnesses associated with heat waves
• Climate change may increase the prevalence of some vector-
borne diseases (for example malaria and dengue fever), and
vulnerability to water, food, or contagious diseases (for example
cholera and dysentery).
Ensure
environ.
sustainabili
ty
• Climate change is likely to alter the quality and productivity of
natural resources and ecosystems, some of which may be
irreversibly damaged, and these changes may also decrease
biological diversity and compound existing environmental
degradation
Section 4: Linking Adaptation and Development
Planning
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Importance of Integrating Adaptation within Development Planning
46
Close relationship between climate change
adaptation and development issues
To be effective, climate change adaptation needs
to be mainstreamed in existing development
policies and processes
Adaptation considerations can also improve
quality of development policies and projects and
make them more sustainable in the long term
Section 4: Linking Adaptation and Development
Planning
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Entry Points for Integrating Adaptation within Development Planning
Source: Reproduced from UNDP & UNEP 2011 p 18
47
Planning Level Entry Points
National
government and
cross-sector
ministries
• Poverty reduction strategy paper
• National development plan
• MDG-based national development strategy
• National budget allocation process or review (e.g. medium-
term
• expenditure framework, public expenditure review)
Sector
ministries
• Sector strategies, plans and policies (e.g. agricultural
sector plan)
• Preparation of sector budgets
• Public expenditure reviews
Subnational
authorities
• Decentralization policies
• District plans
• Preparation of subnational budgets
Section 4: Linking Adaptation and Development
Planning
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies
Source: Oxfam 2009 p 5
48
Section 4: Linking Adaptation and Development
Planning
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Meeting the Implementation Challenge
49
Budgeting and financing climate change
adaptation measures
Ensuring overall coordination by a central body
Strengthening multi-sector coordination
Building capacities of institutions and individuals
at the national, sector and sub-national level
Integrating adaptation in national monitoring
system
Section 4: Linking Adaptation and Development
Planning
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
International Initiatives to Support
Climate Change AdaptationSection 5
Module 3: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
50
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Adaptation Support: Brief Overview
Nairobi Work Programme
National Adaptation Programmes of Action
(NAPAs)
National Adaptation Plans (NAPs)
Programme on Loss & Damage
Cancun Adaptation Framework (CAF)
Section 5 : International Initiatives to Support Climate
Change Adaptation
51
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Nairobi Work Programme
Expected Outcomes
• Enhanced capacity at international, regional, national, sectoral and local level
• Improved information and advice to the Conference of the Parties (COP) of the Climate Change Convention
• Enhanced dissemination and use of knowledge from practical adaptation activities
• Enhanced cooperation among parties, relevant organizations, business, civil society and decision makers
• Enhanced contribution of adaptation action to sustainable development
Section 5 : International Initiatives to Support Climate
Change Adaptation
52
The Nairobi work
programme disseminates
knowledge and
information on adaptation
as widely as possible
through a variety of
knowledge products and
publications.
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
National Adaptation Programmesof Action (NAPAs)
Section 5 : International Initiatives to Support Climate
Change Adaptation
53
NAPAs are country-driven processes to identify
activities that respond to urgent and immediate
needs of Least Developed Countries
(LDCs) in order to reduce their vulnerability
Steps include:
• Information synthesis
• Assessment of vulnerability and potential risk areas
• Identification of key priority adaptation measures
Further info: UNFCCC website. GEF
website
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
National Adaptation Plans (NAPs)
Objectives of the NAP process:
(a) To reduce vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, by building adaptive capacity
and resilience
(b) To facilitate the integration of climate change adaptation into relevant new and existing
policies, programmes and activities, in particular development planning
processes and strategies, within all relevant sectors and
at different levels.
Section 5 : International Initiatives to Support Climate
Change Adaptation
54
Further info: UNFCCC
website
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Comparing the NAPA and the NAP Processes
Source: GSP 2012
Section 5 : International Initiatives to Support Climate
Change Adaptation
55
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Work Programme on Loss and Damage
Section 5 : International Initiatives to Support Climate
Change Adaptation
56
Relatively new work
programme established in
2010
Objective: consider
approaches to address loss
and damage associated with
climate change in vulnerable
developing countries
Challenge: lack of empirical
evidence of scope and
significance of loss and
damage associated with
climate changeFurther info: UNFCCC
website
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Loss and Damage in The Gambia
Section 5 : International Initiatives to Support Climate
Change Adaptation
57
URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KeCCWGnykAU
Video: Interview with Dr. Sidat Yaffa about the findings of a case study on loss and damage in The Gambia
View the
other
interviews
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Cancun Adaptation Framework (CAF)
Section 5 : International Initiatives to Support Climate
Change Adaptation
58
Objective of the CAF:
Enhance action on adaptation, including through international
cooperation and coherent consideration of matters
relating to adaptation under the Convention.
Five CAF Clusters:
• Implementation
• Support
• Institutions
• Principles
• Stakeholder engagement
Further info: UNFCCC
website
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Annex Additional Resources
Module 3: Introduction to Climate Change Adaptation
59
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Module Summary
Additional Resources
60
Adaptation is any action taken to reduce the impacts or even
benefit from the effects of climate change.
Assessing the vulnerability of a locality is the first step to plan and
undertake adaptation action. Components of vulnerability include
exposure, sensitivity and adaptative capacity.
Adaptation actions need to be designed to suit the circumstances
and needs of different sectors and countries/regions.
There is a strong link between adaptation and development
planning. Integrating adaptation and development planning can
bring additional benefits beyond reduced vulnerability to climate
change.
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Useful Links
CDKN WeAdaptAdaptation Learning
Mechanism
PreventionWeb
CGIAR Research
Programme
Africa Adaptation Knowledge
Network
World Bank Climate Risk
and Adaptation Country Profiles
UNISDR National
Platforms for Disaster Risk
Reduction
FAO e-Tool Community-
Based Adaptation
IFAD e-Learning on Smallholder
Agriculture and Climate Change
NAPAs Received by the
UNFCCC Secretariat
UN CC:Learn
Additional Resources
61
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Recommended Readings
Additional Resources
IPCC (2007). 4th Assessment Report, Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
OECD (2009): Guidance on Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation
PROVIA (2012). Guidance on Assessing Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation (VIA)
UNDP (2010). Designing Climate Change Adaptation Initiatives: A UNDP Toolkit for Practitioners
UNDP (2012). Africa Adaptation Programme: Handbook on Capitalisation of Experiences
UNEP & UNDP (2011). Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into Development Planning: A Guide for Practitioners
USAID (2012). Climate Change Adaptation Manual
62
One UN Training Service Platform
on Climate Change: UN CC:Learn
Main References
Additional Resources
OECD (2009): Guidance on Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation
IISD, UNITAR & UNEP (2009). IEA Training Material:Vulnerability and Climate Change Impact Assessment for Adaptation
UNEP & UNDP (2011). Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into Development Planning: A Guide for Practitioners
UNFCCC (2008). Compendium on Methods and Tools to Evaluate Impacts of, and Vulnerability and Adaptation to, Climate Change
UNFCCC. CGE Training Materials: Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment, Chapter Two
UNFCCC. Official Website
63